Period Three Lesson 2 Aha Moment
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.(1)①Emerging ②emergence ③emergency
(2)①emerged from the bottom of my heart
②With the emergence of the mobile Internet; With the mobile Internet emerging/As the mobile Internet is emerging
2.(1)①evaluation(s) ②Evaluating ③To evaluate
(2)to make an evaluation ofPeriod Three Lesson 2 Aha Moment
Ⅰ.1.emergence 2.evaluation 3.clueless 4.occurrence
5.discovery 6.inspirational 7.elaboration
Ⅱ.1.by coincidence 2.All of a sudden 3.getting involved in 4.burying herself in 5.shouting out
Ⅲ.1.As is known to all 2.what mum received was not only a bunch of flowers 3.that we are lucky enough to have clean water 4.while others are struggling to make/earn a living
5.It suddenly occurred to me
Ⅳ.A
【文章大意】 本篇是说明文,介绍了一项对鸽子的研究发现:鸽子通过是否得到食物来判断自己的对错从而不断提高自己辨别物体的准确性,鸽子解决问题的能力和人工智能相似。
1.A 细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“Each bird had to peck (啄) a button on the right or left to decide which category they belonged to. If they got it correct, they got food;if they got it wrong, they got nothing.”可知,研究人员给鸽子布置的任务是让它们把相似的物品归类,也就是辨别相似的物件。故选A。
2.C 细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“If they got it correct, they got food; if they got it wrong, they got nothing.”以及文章第二段讲到“Instead they learn through trial and error.”可知,鸽子通过是否得到食物来判断自己的对错从而不断提高自己辨别物体的准确性。故选C。
3.C 推理判断题。文章倒数第二段内容可知,鸽子解决问题的能力和人工智能相似。故选C。
4.B 推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“They are hoping that these findings can have practical applications in better understanding human brain damage.‘Maybe we can get some further insight into what is going on in that little bird brain.’”可知,作者是在谈论对未来研究的期待。故选B。
B
【文章大意】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了开发新材料需要大量的时间和劳动力,但一个化学家研究团队研发出一种人工智能模型ChatGPT用来执行搜索科学文献的任务。有了这些数据,他们建立了第二个工具,一个预测实验结果的模型,被他们称为“ChatGPT化学助手”。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第一段“In a new study in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, a team used a popular AI model, ChatGPT, to perform one particularly time-consuming task: searching scientific literature. With that data, they built a second tool, a new model to predict experimental results.”可知,研究小组希望这个新模型能分析数据并预测实验室结果。故选B项。
6.B 推理判断题。根据第二段“For example, those interested in designing highly porous, crystalline (晶体) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)—which have potential applications in areas such as clean energy—must sort through hundreds of scientific papers describing a variety of experimental conditions. Researchers have previously attempted to let AI take over this task; however, the language processing models they used required significant technical expertise,and applying them to new topics meant changing the program.”可知,文中提到MOFs是为了说明对科学论文的费力分析。故选B项。
7.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“When tested on 228 papers describing MOF syntheses (合成), this system drew more than 26,000 factors relevant for making roughly 800 of these mixtures. With these data, the team trained a separate AI model to predict the crystalline state of MOFs based on these conditions. And finally, to make the data more user-friendly, they built a chatbot to answer questions about it. The team notes that, unlike previous AI-based efforts, this one does not require expertise in coding. What’s more, scientists can shift its focus simply by adjusting the narrative language in the prompts.”可知,聊天机器人能回答有关数据的问题,所以是实用的。故选C项。
8.D 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In a new study in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, a team used a popular AI model, ChatGPT, to perform one particularly time-consuming task: searching scientific literature. With that data, they built a second tool, a new model to predict experimental results.”以及最后一段“What’s more, scientists can shift its focus simply by adjusting the narrative language in the prompts. This new system, which they call the ‘ChatGPT Chemistry Assistant’, could also be useful in other fields of chemistry.”以及纵观全文可知,本文主要讲述了一个化学家研究团队研发出一种人工智能模型ChatGPT用来执行搜索科学文献的任务,所以D项“Turning ChatGPT into a ‘chemistry assistant’”更适合作为本文的标题。故选D项。Period Three Lesson 2 Aha Moment
1.emerge vi.出现, 浮现
(1)emerge from sth 从……出现/浮现/露出/幸存下来
(2)emergence n. 出现;兴起
with the emergence of… 随着……的出现/涌现
(3)emergency n. 紧急情况;突发事件
in case of emergency 万一遇到紧急情况
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2023·北京卷] (emerge) research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.
②The annual competition has encouraged the (emerge) of several talented young musicians.
③[2021·全国乙卷] The collapse was disastrous, requiring the (emerge) medical team and good teamwork.
(2)完成句子/一句多译
①[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me. A flood of sympathy and sadness .
我们挨着坐下,但大卫不愿看我。一股同情和悲伤的情绪从我内心油然而生。(读后续写之心理描写)
② , shopping on the phone has gradually become a trend. (n.)
→ , shopping on the phone has gradually become a trend.(v.)
随着移动互联网的出现,手机购物逐渐成为一种趋势。(话题写作之网络科技)
2.evaluation n.评估, 评价
(教材P115) And the next three stages are incubation, evaluation and elaboration.
接下来的三个阶段是孵化、评估和阐述。
(1)make an evaluation of… 对……进行评估
(2)evaluate vt. 评价;评估
evaluate one’s ability 评估某人的能力
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The way the guests were treated in the hotel influenced their (evaluate) of the service.
② (evaluate) risks to decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now.
③ (evaluate) the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different flights in the US.
(2)完成句子
Last Monday, three professors were asked the teaching plans devised by the new teachers.(n.)
上周一,三位教授被请来对新教师设计的教学计划做出评估。Period Three Lesson 2 Aha Moment
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.The (emerge) of new technologies in recent years has revolutionized the way we communicate, allowing people from different parts of the world to connect instantly and share ideas effortlessly.
2.It’s not the score you’ve got, but the attitude you choose that determines our (evaluate) of your work.
3.In this science experiment, many students felt (clue) about the steps, which prevented them from proceeding smoothly.
4.Though debated by experts about the exact time of its (occur), it is believed that Qipao originated from a type of Manchurian female garment in the Qing Dynasty.
5. Humankind is gradually entering a new age of oceanic (discover) through closer international scientific , economic and cultural cooperation, regardless of the tough environment.
6.In those essays, and in follow-up interviews with a few of the teenagers, we found lots of insight, positive feeling and (inspiration) thinking.
7.The professor provided an (elaborate) of the complex theory , breaking it down into simpler concepts for better understanding.
●Ⅱ 短语填空
1.I ran into my old friend at the coffee shop, and (碰巧,巧合), we both ordered the same drink.
2.We were sitting quietly. (突然,猛地), a piece of classical music sounded, which gave life to the whole stadium .
3.I think you can carry out this activity in an interactive and experiential manner, which means students can participate and have a better understanding of “Green Beijing” through (参与) different activities by themselves.
4.The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, (埋头于;专心于) the book.
5.He could hardly stop himself from (大声喊出) in excitement, rushing to the finishing line for the first.
●Ⅲ 句型训练
1. , writing is an important and necessary skill for all students. (as)
众所周知,写作对所有的学生来说是一项重要和必要的技能。
2.She was really proud of her every child, and but a symbol of growth and love from her children. (主语从句)
她对每一个孩子都感到非常自豪,而妈妈所收到的不仅仅是一束花,更是孩子们成长和爱的象征。
3.The truth is whenever we want, but this is not the case for many people around the world.
事实上,我们很幸运,可以随时获得干净的水,但世界各地的许多人并非如此。
4.Some people are wasting large quantities of things every day . (表对比)
有些人每日浪费大量的东西,而有些人却艰难谋生。
5. that only with love and respect can we create a home full of warmth and wonder. (occur)
我突然间意识到:只有用爱和尊重才能营造一个充满温馨和奇迹的家。
●Ⅳ 阅读理解
A
Often overlooked as a nuisance (讨厌的东西), pigeons are actually highly intelligent animals. In a study, 24 pigeons were shown different stimuli, like lines of different width and placement, as well as sectioned rings. Each bird had to peck (啄) a button on the right or left to decide which category they belonged to. If they got it correct, they got food;if they got it wrong, they got nothing.
“Pigeons don’t need a rule,” said Brandon Turner, lead author of the study. Instead they learn through trial and error. For example, when they were given a visual, say “category A”, anything that looked close to that they also classified as “category A”.
Over the course of the experiments, pigeons improved their ability to make right choices from 55% to 95% of the time when it came to some of the simpler tasks. Presented with a more complex challenge, their accuracy went up from 55% to 68%.
“Using more humble animals like pigeons, we can test how far they can go with a mind that is solely or mostly associative,” said Turner. “This paper shows how incredibly strong associative systems can be, how true cognition-like they are.”
In an AI model, the main goal is to recognize patterns and make decisions. Pigeons, as research shows, can do the same. When not given food, pigeons have a remarkable ability to correct their errors. Similarity function is also at play for pigeons, by using their ability to find resemblance (相似) between two objects.
“With just those two mechanisms alone, you can define a neural network or an artificial intelligent machine to basically solve these categorization problems,” said Turner. “It stands to reason that the mechanisms that are present in the AI are also present in the pigeon.”
The researchers now aim to cooperate with scientists who study pigeons and their brains. They are hoping that these findings can have practical applications in better understanding human brain damage. “Maybe we can get some further insight into what is going on in that little bird brain,” said Turner.
( )1.What task did researchers set for pigeons
A.Identify similarities.
B.Select food.
C.Tell right from left.
D.Do simple calculation.
( )2.How did pigeons improve accuracy in the experiment
A.By working with fellow pigeons.
B.By turning to AI technology.
C.By learning from consequences.
D.By observing others’ behaviour.
( )3.What’s the finding of the study
A.Pigeons use the toolset to complete complex tasks.
B.Pigeons may be able to decide on their reflection.
C.Pigeons problem-solve similarly to artificial intelligence.
D.Pigeons can use AI to recognize resemblance between objects.
( )4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the study
A.Its appeal to the public.
B.Expectations for future studies.
C.Its underlying logic.
D.Scientists with new perspectives.
B
Developing new materials requires significant time and labour, but some chemists are now hopeful that AI could one day shoulder much of this burden. In a new study in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, a team used a popular AI model, ChatGPT, to perform one particularly time-consuming task: searching scientific literature. With that data, they built a second tool, a new model to predict experimental results.
Reports from previous studies offer a vast amount of information that chemists need, but finding and analysing the most relevant details can be laborious. For example, those interested in designing highly porous, crystalline (晶体) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)—which have potential applications in areas such as clean energy—must sort through hundreds of scientific papers describing a variety of experimental conditions. Researchers have previously attempted to let AI take over this task; however, the language processing models they used required significant technical expertise, and applying them to new topics meant changing the program. Omar Yaghi and colleagues wanted to see if the next generation of language models, which includes ChatGPT, could offer a more accessible, flexible way to extract information.
To analyse text from scientific papers, the team gave ChatGPT prompts (提示符), guiding it through three processes intended to identify and summarize the experimental information the papers contained. The researchers carefully constructed these prompts to minimize the model’s tendency to make up responses, and to ensure the best responses possible.
When tested on 228 papers describing MOF syntheses (合成), this system drew more than 26,000 factors relevant for making roughly 800 of these mixtures. With these data, the team trained a separate AI model to predict the crystalline state of MOFs based on these conditions. And finally, to make the data more user-friendly, they built a chatbot to answer questions about it. The team notes that, unlike previous AI-based efforts, this one does not require expertise in coding. What’s more, scientists can shift its focus simply by adjusting the narrative language in the prompts. This new system, which they call the “ChatGPT Chemistry Assistant”, could also be useful in other fields of chemistry.
( )5.What does the research team hope the new model to do
A.Search and classify scientific literature.
B.Analyse data and forecast laboratory findings.
C.Prevent the model from making up responses.
D.Generate a faster language processing system.
( )6.Why are the MOFs mentioned in the text
A.To suggest their potential applications in clean energy.
B.To illustrate the laborious analysis of scientific papers.
C.To confirm they are of importance in chemistry industry.
D.To stress the testing system is extraordinarily complicated.
( )7.What can best describe the chatbot involved in the last paragraph
A.Secure. B.Virtual.
C.Practical. D.Specialized.
( )8.What is the best title for the text
A.Making the MOFs be more useful
B.Doing further analysis for scientific papers
C.Improving the language processing models
D.Turning ChatGPT into a “chemistry assistant”(共9张PPT)
Period Three
Lesson 2 Aha Moment
语言知识梳理
1.emerge vi.出现, 浮现
(1)emerge from sth 从……出现/浮现/露出/幸存下来
(2)emergence n. 出现;兴起
with the emergence of… 随着……的出现/涌现
(3)emergency n. 紧急情况;突发事件
in case of emergency 万一遇到紧急情况
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2023·北京卷] __________(emerge) research suggests that
courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher
on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.
Emerging
②The annual competition has encouraged the
___________(emerge) of several talented young musicians.
③[2021·全国乙卷] The collapse was disastrous, requiring the
___________(emerge) medical team and good teamwork.
emergence
emergency
(2)完成句子/一句多译
①[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] We sat down next to each
other, but David wouldn't look at me. A flood of sympathy and
sadness _____________________________________.
我们挨着坐下，但大卫不愿看我。一股同情和悲伤的情绪从我内心
油然而生。(读后续写之心理描写)
emerged from the bottom of my heart
②_________________________________________, shopping on the
phone has gradually become a trend. (n.)
→_________________________________________________________
_________, shopping on the phone has gradually become a
trend.(v.)
随着移动互联网的出现，手机购物逐渐成为一种趋势。(话题写作之
网络科技)
With the emergence of the mobile Internet
With the mobile Internet emerging/As the mobile Internet is emerging
2.evaluation n.评估, 评价
(教材P115) And the next three stages are incubation, evaluation
and elaboration.
接下来的三个阶段是孵化、评估和阐述。
(1)make an evaluation of… 对……进行评估
(2)evaluate vt. 评价;评估
evaluate one's ability 评估某人的能力
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The way the guests were treated in the hotel influenced their
_____________(evaluate) of the service.
evaluation(s)
②___________(evaluate) risks to decide whether a risk is worth
taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as
well as right now.
Evaluating
③____________(evaluate) the risks of infection, the study team
flew on 10 different flights in the US.
To evaluate
(2)完成句子
Last Monday, three professors were asked ____________________
____________ the teaching plans devised by the new teachers.(n.)
上周一,三位教授被请来对新教师设计的教学计划做出评估。
to make an evaluation of
