Period Four Lesson 3 Stephen Hawking (Reading)
【课前自主探究】
Step 1 Fast reading
Part 1—C;Part 2—E;Part 3—A;Part 4—B;Part 5—D
Step 2 Careful reading
1—5 DBCBA
Step 3 Summary
1.passed 2.for 3.courageously 4.where 5.losing
6.to 7.followed 8.curiosity 9.himself 10.fulfilling
【语言知识梳理】
词汇点睛
1.(1)①influential ②influenced
(2)Under the influence of; has a great influence on/upon me
2.(1)①to make ②by ③v.谢绝,婉拒
(2)①in decline/on the decline ②declined
3.(1)①look down on/upon ②are looking forward to
③looking back on/upon ④have looked through
⑤look into (2)Looking up at my mother
句型透视
(1)①what ②That ③what
(2)①what we communicate ②what we already knowPeriod Four Lesson 3 Stephen Hawking (Reading)
Ⅰ.1.theoretical 2.grand 3.bonus 4.gravity
Ⅱ.1.were overcome 2.influential 3.unexpected
4.illness 5.equipment 6.by;to
Ⅲ.1.in spite of 2.looking up at 3.is expected to
4.rather than/instead of 5.as a result 6.has led to
7.separated from
Ⅳ.1.What remains important is that 2.to help students develop critical thinking skills 3.that we communicate with the teachers whenever necessary
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在癌症研究工作中意识到每日产生大量废物的问题,并试图通过3D打印实验室工具来回收利用部分废物。尽管初期项目进展不顺利,但团队成员共同努力,采取了诸如增加分类回收箱、制定节能规则等措施减少环境足迹。作者还鼓励科学家们要保护好地球,不要因为科学研究对地球造成伤害。
1.D 根据上文“As our research turned to full capacity…”和下文“I went to my adviser and suggested the idea of…3D-printed lab tools out of some of our waste.”可知,作者的研究工作也会产生废弃物,随着他们研究工作全面展开,他们工作产生的废弃物会迅速上升。故选D。return返回;decline下降;stabilize稳定;rocket迅速上升。
2.A 根据空后“…3D-printed lab tools out of some of our waste.”以及“…I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment.”可知,作者觉得研究中产生的废弃物太多,所以他找导师建议用这些废弃物来创造3D打印的实验室工具。故选A。create创造;buy购买;borrow借用;rent出租。
3.C 根据句中“…I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment.”可知,作者的导师同意了他的建议,并鼓励了他,让他成功获得了购买回收设备的资金。故选C。suspect怀疑;criticize批评;encourage鼓励;comfort安慰。
4.A 根据句中“…the project didn’t go as I had imagined and progressed slowly.”可知,虽然作者努力了几个月,但是这个项目并没有像他想象的那样进展顺利。故选A。struggle努力;discussion讨论;training训练;confusion困惑。
5.B 根据下文“…when my co-workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental…”可知,作者的方法并没有起作用,所以当同事们提出其他的方法时,作者感到松了一口气。relief表示在困境中得到帮助或找到新方法的轻松感。故选B。source来源;relief(焦虑、痛苦等的)减轻;target目标;success成功。
6.D 根据上文“I went to my adviser and suggested the idea of…3D-printed lab tools out of some of our waste.”可知,同事们也提出一些减少环境足迹的方法。 footprint在此指的是我们研究活动对环境造成的影响。故选D。distribution分布;option选项;phase阶段;footprint足迹,脚印。
7.C 根据下文“We began meeting monthly to come up with solutions.”可知,作者的团队成立了一个小组,来改进实验室操作方式以减少对环境的影响。故选C。cure治愈;defend保卫;operate操作;negotiate谈判。
8.B 根据空后“…new recycling bins to each lab…”可知,作者的团队以更加绿色的方式来改进实验室的操作,所以他们是引入了新的回收箱。故选B。comment评论;introduce引入;move移动;knock敲。
9.A 根据上文“…we…new recycling bins to each lab…”可知,作者的实验室引入了新的回收箱,为了能够正确地给塑料废弃物分类。故选A。properly正确地;typically通常地;naturally自然地;annually每年地。
10.C 根据上文“But after months of…the project didn’t go as I had imagined and progressed slowly.”可知,作者以前提出的3D打印的设想并没有实现,所以他感到非常失望。故选C。recipe配方;prevention预防;vision想象,设想;association协会。
11.D 根据下文“…and look for other solutions.”可知,作者的方法在努力之后依然行不通,所以他觉得有时候需要后退一步,寻找新的方法。故选D。set off出发;speak out说出;hold on继续;step back后退一步。
12.B 根据上文“I’m thankful…”可知,作者能够做到这些是因为其他的学术社区帮助了他。academic community指的是科研领域内的同行和团队。故选B。local本地的;academic学术的;final最终的;new新的。
13.C 根据上文的“…when my co-workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental…”可知,作者鼓励科学家们要思考如何减少自己的研究对环境的影响。故选C。fundamental基础的;historical历史的;environmental环境的;financial财政的。
14.A 根据下文“…if, ultimately, there remains no…planet we can call our home ”可知,作者觉得如果地球遭到了破坏,那么科学研究就没有意义了。故选A。significance意义;possibility可能性;fortune运气;depth深度。
15.B 根据全文语境可知,如果地球遭到了破坏,不再是一个能支持生命存在、适合人类居住的可持续发展的星球,那么科学研究也没有了意义。此处的supportive planet指能支持生命存在、适合人类居住的可持续发展的星球。故选B。broad宽的;supportive支持的;different不同的;particular格外的。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了在太空中种植植物的必要性、面临的挑战以及科学家们正在进行的研究。
1.D 前文“As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space.”提到在太空中种植食物的必要性,后文“Because of this, it’s not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.”提到送上太空的物资不能是一次性的,因此D项(将任何东西送入太空的成本约为每公斤2.2万美元。)与下文构成因果关系,指出送物资上太空费用高昂,承上启下,后文的this指代选项内容。故选D。
2.F 前文“Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things.”指出太空中的植物用途很多,可以提供更多新鲜的东西,F项(宇航员将欢迎在他们的干粮中添加水果和蔬菜。)指出宇航员会喜欢吃到新鲜水果和蔬菜,承接上文,继续阐述太空中植物的用途,符合语境。故选F。
3.B 根据后文“Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don’t ‘know’ to grow down, leaves don’t ‘know’ to grow up, and water doesn’t easily travel up the roots to the leaves.”可知,在太空中种植植物面临各种挑战,如氧气的滞留、重力的缺失等;设空处位于段首,是段落主旨句,应该与挑战相关;B项(然而,在太空中种植植物也存在挑战。)契合段落内容,与上一段构成转折关系,符合语境。故选B。
4.E 前文“Without gravity, roots don’t ‘know’ to grow down, leaves don’t ‘know’ to grow up, and water doesn’t easily travel up the roots to the leaves.”指出由于缺乏重力,植物的根系和叶片生长方向会出现问题,因此E项(专门的容器正在开发,以帮助植物正确生长。)符合语境,承接前文。故选E。
5.C 前文“They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease.”提到科学家为了在太空中种植植物,围绕植物本身开展的各种研究,后文“Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply.”提到这些研究应用于地球环境时带来的用处,因此C项(这些方法可能会在地球上带来改进。)符合语境,承上启下。故选C。
Ⅶ.【文章大意】 本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了Sora,一种先进的人工智能模型,专为从书面描述或图片中制作视频而设计。
1.represents 考查动词时态与主谓一致。空格处需要填入谓语动词,本句为描述事实,所以用一般现在时,又因主语为单数,所以谓语动词用单数。故填represents。
2.that/which 考查定语从句。空格处需要填入定语从句的关系词,代替先行词在句子中作主语,先行词为high-quality videos,所以用that或者which。故填that/which。
3.its 考查代词。空格处位于名词短语之前,因此需要填入形容词性物主代词。故填its。
4.understanding 考查名词。空格处与strong grasp of language为并列关系,所以需要填入名词。故填understanding。
5.a 考查冠词。a variety of意为“各种各样的”。故填a。
6.made 考查非谓语动词。空格处需要填入非谓语动词,动词make与mistakes之间为动宾关系,所以用过去分词,在本句中作定语。故填made。
7.natural 考查形容词。空格处位于名词之前,修饰名词,所以需要填入形容词。故填natural。
8.accurately 考查副词。空格处修饰动词showing,因此需要填入副词。故填accurately。
9.risks 考查名词复数。risk作名词时意为“风险”,为可数名词,根据some可知用复数。故填risks。
10.as 考查介词。be regarded as意为“被认为”。故填as。Period Four Lesson 3 Stephen Hawking (Reading)
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
①PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) n.博士学位 ②institute n.(教育、专业等)机构;研究所 ③astronomy n.天文学 ④theoretical adj.理论的 ⑤cosmology n.宇宙论,宇宙学 ⑥influential adj.有很大影响(力)的 ⑦overcome vt.克服(困难),控制(感情);征服,战胜 ⑧be expected to do sth预计做某事 ⑨rather than而不是 ⑩as a result结果,因此 Birth 8 January, 1942 Education St Albans School The University of Oxford (1959—1962), studied physics PhD①, the University of Cambridge (1966) Career Institute② of Astronomy③, Cambridge (1968—1973) Professor of Mathematics, Cambridge (1979—2009) Director of Research, Centre for Theoretical④ Cosmology⑤, Cambridge (2009—2018) Family Married to Jane Wilde (1965—1991, three children) and Elaine Mason (1995—2006) On 14 March, 2018, one of the world’s most influential⑥ scientists, Stephen Hawking, died at his home in England, aged 76. Hawking was famous, not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology, but also for overcoming⑦ the challenges of ALS (a disease [1]that affects muscle control). [1]that引导定语从句,修饰名词a disease。 Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January, 1942, in Oxford. He went to the University of Oxford [2]to study physics in 1959. At the age of 21, when Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge, physicians discovered he had a rare, slow-progressing form of ALS. He was only expected to live⑧ for a few years. [2]不定式短语作目的状语。 Hawking later found a job at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge. In the early stages of his career, his illness got worse, but he was allowed to do research only rather than⑨ teach, [3]which was easier for him. In 1985, he had to have an operation. As a result⑩, he lost his speech. Soon his doctors developed a piece of speech-generating equipment [4]that allowed him to speak. However, [5]as his illness became worse, he lost the use of his hands. 出生 1942年1月8日 教育 圣奥尔本斯学校 牛津大学(1959—1962),学习物理学 剑桥大学博士(1966年) 职业生涯 剑桥天文研究所(1968—1973) 剑桥大学数学教授(1979—2009) 剑桥理论宇宙学中心研究主任(2009—2018) 家庭 与简·怀尔德(1965—1991,三个孩子)和伊莱恩·梅森(1995—2006)结婚 2018年3月14日,世界上最有影响力的科学家之一,斯蒂芬·霍金在英格兰的家中去世,享年76岁。霍金不仅因其在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究而著名,更是因其克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战而出名。 1942年1月8日,斯蒂芬·霍金出生于牛津,1959年进入牛津大学学习物理学。21岁那年,也是霍金在剑桥大学的第一年,医生发现他患有一种罕见的慢性肌萎缩侧索硬化症,预言他只能再活几年。 后来霍金在剑桥天文研究所找了份工作。职业生涯刚一开始他的病情就转而恶化,研究所允许他可以只做研究而不用教学,这对他来说更容易。1985年,他不得不动手术,结果丧失了说话能力。很快,医生开发了一种发声设备使他能够说话。但是,随着他的病情继续恶化,他的手也动不了了。
(续表)
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
decline vi.减少,降低 cease vt. & vi.停止,终止,结束 lead to通向,导致 grand adj.宏伟的,壮丽的,隆重的 instead of而不是;代替 look up at仰望,抬头看 in spite of 虽然;不顾;尽管……(仍……) bonus n.意外收获,额外的好处;奖金;红利 [3]which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰do research。 [4]that引导定语从句,修饰名词equipment。 [5]as引导时间状语从句,as意为“随着”。 Although Hawking’s physical abilities decline over decades, he never cease his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes. Hawking believed [6]that the birth of the universe (the “Big Bang”) created many small black holes. His theory was [7]that there was a sort of hole in the centre of a black hole. This hole led t another universe, [8]completely separate from our own. [6]that引导宾语从句,作动词believed的宾语。 [7]that引导表语从句。 [8]形容词短语作定语,修饰another universe。 Hawking also wrote books. His 1988 book, A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes, sold one copy for every 750 people on Earth. However, many people could not really understand [9]what he had written. Therefore, Hawking decided to write a simpler version, A Briefer History of Time (2005). [9]what引导宾语从句,作动词understand的宾语。 In The Gran Design (2010, with Leonard Mlodinow), Hawking argued [10]that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe. Instead o trying to find one big new explanation, scientists should put together all the ideas [11]that they already have. [10]that引导宾语从句,作动词argued的宾语。 [11]that引导定语从句,修饰名词ideas。 At the opening of the London 2012 Olympics, Hawking said to a TV audience of 900 million people: “Look up a the stars and not down at your feet…be curious.” In spite o his disease, Hawking didn’t consider himself an unlucky man. He said it had not prevented him from having a family, and being successful in his work. “My expectations were reduced to zero when I was 21. Everything since then has been a bonu.” And he believed this was because of the help [12]he received from his family and a large number of people and organisations. [12]画线部分为定语从句,修饰名词the help。 尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降,但他从未停止过研究,并且对黑洞有了许多新的想法。霍金认为宇宙诞生时(即宇宙大爆炸)创造了许多小黑洞,他的理论是在黑洞的中心还有一种洞,这种洞通向另一个宇宙,与我们的世界完全分隔。 霍金还写书。1988年出版的《时间简史:从大爆炸到黑洞》一书,地球上平均每750人便购买过一本。然而,许多人并不能真正理解他写的内容。因此,霍金决定写一个更简单的版本,即《时间简史》(2005)。 在《宏伟设计》(2010年出版,与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著)一书中,霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。与其说尝试寻找一个全新的解释,科学家们不如把他们已经有的想法汇集起来。 2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式上,霍金对9亿电视观众说:“仰望星空,而不是俯视脚下……要保持好奇心。” 尽管霍金患有疾病,但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。他说,这并没有阻碍他拥有家庭,也没有妨碍他在工作中取得成功。“21岁时,我的人生期望值降为零。从那以后,一切都是馈赠。”他认为自己所取得的一切都源于家人、许多人以及组织的帮助。
Step 1 Fast reading
Read the passage on Pages 58—59 and match the main ideas with each part.
( )Part 1 (Paras.1—2) ( )Part 2 (Para.3)
( )Part 3 (Para.4) ( )Part 4 (Paras.5—7)
( )Part 5 (Para.8)
A.Scientific contributions and theories
B.Literary achievements and public engagement
C.Introduction and early life
D.Personal philosophy and legacy
E.Career and personal struggles
Step 2 Careful reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
( )1.When did physicians discover that Hawking had a rare, slow-progressing form of ALS
A.In 1942. B.In 1959.
C.In 1961. D.In 1963.
( )2.What was the result of his operation in 1985
A.He lost his sight.
B.He lost his speech.
C.He lost his hearing.
D.He lost the use of his hands.
( )3.What happened to Hawking in 2010
A.He was expected to live for a few years.
B.He found his first job in a university.
C.He published The Grand Design with Leonard Mlodinow.
D.He decided to write A Briefer History of Time.
( )4.According to Hawking, what should scientists do to discover the deepest secrets of the universe
A.Create a unified theory.
B.Look for a different approach.
C.Focus on quantum mechanics.
D.Explore space extensively.
( )5.How did Stephen Hawking overcome the challenges of ALS in his personal life
A.With the help of family and support systems.
B.By focusing solely on his work.
C.Through sheer willpower.
D.By becoming a recluse.
Step 3 Summary
Read the text again and fill in the blanks.
On 14 March, 2018, Stephen Hawking 1. (pass) away at his home in England, aged 76. Renowned 2. his work in theoretical physics and cosmology, he faced the challenges of ALS 3. (courageous). Born on 8 January, 1942, in Oxford, Hawking studied physics at the University of Oxford in 1959. At the age of 21, he moved to the University of Cambridge, 4. ALS was discovered. Despite the prognosis, he continued working, eventually 5. (lose) his speech and hand function.
Hawking worked at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge, adapting to research-only duties as his illness progressed. He developed theories about black holes and the Big Bang, suggesting that small black holes led 6. separate universes. His book, A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes achieved widespread success, 7. (follow) by a simplified version, A Briefer History of Time. In The Grand Design, he proposed a new approach to understanding the universe.
Hawking encouraged 8. (curious) at the London 2012 Olympics’ opening ceremony. Despite his struggles with ALS, he considered 9. (he) fortunate for the support he received from family and a large number of people and organisations, allowing him to lead a 10. (fulfill) life.
1.influential adj.有很大影响(力)的
(教材P58) On 14 March, 2018, one of the world’s most influential scientists, Stephen Hawking, died at his home in England, aged 76.
2018年3月14日,世界上最有影响力的科学家之一,斯蒂芬·霍金在英格兰的家中去世,享年76岁。
(1)be influential in (doing) sth
对(做)某事有影响
(2)influence n. 影响,作用
vt. 影响,对……起作用
have an influence on/upon 对……有影响
under the influence of… 在……的影响下
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] For well over a hundred years the most (influence) English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.
②[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey (influence) by the ancient Silk Road.
(2)完成句子
my physics teacher, I have grown increasingly interested in physics. In other words, my physics teacher is my role model, who . So he is the person I respect most.
在物理老师的影响下,我对物理越来越感兴趣。换句话说,我的物理老师是我的榜样,他对我的影响极大。因此,他是我最尊敬的人。(话题写作之记人
叙事)
2.decline n.衰退,衰落,减少,下降 v.减少,下降,衰退,衰落;谢绝
(教材P59) Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined over decades, he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.
尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降,但他从未停止过研究,并且对黑洞有了许多新的想法。
(1)in decline=on the decline
在下降,在衰退
(2)decline (from…) to…
(从……)下降/减少到……
decline by 下降/减少了……
decline sth/to do sth 婉言拒绝(做)某事
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空/熟词生义
①The officer declined (make) any comments on the incident.
②The price of electronic products has declined 20 percent since last January.
③We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she declined, saying that she felt like walking.
(2)完成句子/词汇升级
①It is reported that the number of pandas in the wild is .
据报道,野生大熊猫的数量在逐渐减少。(应用文写
作之新闻报道)
②Mr Black refused to get the money but accepted the brothers’ suggestions of doing some work in his garden.
→Mr Black to get the money but accepted the brothers’ suggestions of doing some work in his garden.
3.look up at 仰望,抬头看
(教材P59) At the opening of the London 2012 Olympics, Hawking said to a TV audience of 900 million people: “Look up at the stars and not down at your feet…be curious.”
2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式上,霍金对9亿电视观众说:“仰望星空,而不是俯视脚下……要保持好奇心。”
look through 浏览;快速查看
look around/round 环视,环顾;游览,参观
look back on/upon 回顾,回忆
look down on/upon 轻视,瞧不起
look forward to 期盼,期待
look on 旁观
look into 调查;审查
look out 小心,注意
【活学活用】
(1)用look相关短语的适当形式填空
①I those who always live off their parents.
②Thank you for your interest in this project. We cooperating with your company!
③I couldn’t help my childhood, which was full of my sweetest memory.
④I all my papers so far but I still can’t find the contract.
⑤The police did not begin to the case until yesterday afternoon.
(2)完成句子
, I saw her concerned eyes filled with worry as she gently brushed my hair away from my forehead. (非谓语)
抬头看着我的母亲,我看到她关切的眼神中充满了担忧,她轻轻地把我的头发从额头上拨开。(读后续
写之动作描写)
(教材P59) However, many people could not really understand what he had written.然而,许多人并不能真正理解他写的内容。
what引导的名词性从句
句型公式
【归纳拓展】
what常用来引导名词性从句,即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点:
(1)what在相应的名词性从句中有一定的意义,常表示“什么”“所……的”“……的样子”“……的事/话”等;
(2)what在相应的名词性从句中常作主语、宾语或表语。
[温馨提示] that也可以引导名词性从句,但that引导名词性从句时仅起连接作用,无实际意义,在从句中不作任何句子成分。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Choosing the right dictionary depends on you want to use it for.
② she was able to attend the party made us very happy.
③Experience is matters—age is of secondary importance.
(2)完成句子
①Much of is dependent not only on the words we use, but also on how we use them.
我们沟通的许多内容不仅取决于我们所使用的词语,还取决于我们如何运用它们。(话题写作之人际沟通)
②New knowledge is constantly being generated and is being revised all the time, to the extent that it can be difficult to keep pace with the latest developments.
新的知识不断涌现着,我们已有的认知一直在被修正,以至于难以跟上最新的发展。(话题写作之生活与学习)Period Four Lesson 3 Stephen Hawking (Reading)
●Ⅰ 单词拼写
1.While the (理论的) aspects of physics can be challenging, they provide a foundation for practical applications in technology and engineering.
2.After years of neglect and decay, the once (宏伟的,壮丽的) palace was beyond recognition, leaving few clues to its historical significance.
3.As we enter the final phase of the project, the team is working diligently to ensure we meet our goals and qualify for the (奖金) rewards.
4.Dressed in a special suit like a real astronaut, I stepped into the simulator, a world with zero (重力).
●Ⅱ 单句填空
1.We (overcome) by worry and anxiety when we expanded the search range to the nearby surroundings but still couldn’t find John.
2.Zheng He’s accomplishments are now widely acknowledged, and he is remembered as one of China’s most (influence) explorers.
3.I would have visited my relatives and friends during the Spring Festival, but I had to stay home due to (expected) injuries.
4.When my mum talked with me about my (ill) in the hospital, she said, “If we can get through this, nothing can’t be!”
5.The Zhuang and Yao people there continue to use ancient methods of agriculture instead of using modern (equip).
6.The number of tourists to the scenic spot has declined 10% in recent years only 5 million .
●Ⅲ 短语填空
1.Now that you’ve set your mind on the goal, you must make every effort to get it achieved (虽然;不顾) challenges.
2.Mum’s words made us feel better. I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and (仰望,抬头看) the stars.
3.The project is progressing at the rate of 100 units per day, which (预计) exceed our initial production goals by the end of the month.
4.The lesson I have drawn from this experience is that only by bravely taking full responsibility for failure (而不是) blaming others can we succeed.
5.Living with a foreign family for one or two weeks means that you have to speak their language, and (因此), you improve fast.
6.There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature (导致) an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide in recent years, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives.
7.Jane got hurt by what her husband said,so she got (与……分离) her husband.Having felt her way in the unfamiliar forest for a long time,Jane was conscious that she got lost.
●Ⅳ 句型训练
1. we have an incredible desire to think and create and that’s the real spirit of invention. (主语从句)
仍然重要的是,我们有一种难以置信的渴望去思考和创造,那才是真正的发明精神。
2.The teacher assigned extra reading materials , which are essential for their academic success in future studies. (非谓语)
老师布置了额外的阅读材料,以帮助学生培养批判性思维能力,这对他们未来的学业成功至关重要。
3.To be a smart online learner, my suggestion is and focus on what the teachers say. (表语从句)
为了成为一个聪明的在线学习者,我建议我们在必要的时候与老师交流,并专注于老师说的话。
●Ⅴ 完形填空
My work in cancer research was generating a lot of waste every day. As our research turned to full capacity, our waste production 1 .
I went to my adviser and suggested the idea of 2 3D-printed lab tools out of some of our waste. She 3 me and then I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment. But after months of 4 , the project didn’t go as I had imagined and progressed slowly. So it was a welcome 5 when my co-workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental 6 .
We created a group to push for greener ways to 7 . We began meeting monthly to come up with solutions. Over the following months, we 8 new recycling bins to each lab so that our plastic waste could be sorted 9 . We created rules for each device to be energy-efficient. I’m still disappointed that I couldn’t fully realize my 3D-printing 10 .I am stubborn enough to keep trying. But I’ve also learned that if one approach isn’t working, sometimes it’s best to 11 and look for other solutions. I’m thankful that with the help of the 12 community around me, we are able to do that.
I encourage scientists everywhere to think about ways to reduce the 13 impact of their own research. The work we do is important. But we should also do our part to be as sustainable as we can. After all, what 14 does our science have if, ultimately, there remains no 15 planet we can call our home
( )1.A.returned B.declined
C.stabilized D.rocketed
( )2.A.creating B.buying
C.borrowing D.renting
( )3.A.suspected B.criticized
C.encouraged D.comforted
( )4.A.struggle B.discussion
C.training D.confusion
( )5.A.source B.relief
C.target D.success
( )6.A.distribution B.option
C.phase D.footprint
( )7.A.cure B.defend
C.operate D.negotiate
( )8.A.commented B.introduced
C.moved D.knocked
( )9.A.properly B.typically
C.naturally D.annually
( )10.A.recipe B.prevention
C.vision D.association
( )11.A.set off B.speak out
C.hold on D.step back
( )12.A.local B.academic
C.final D.new
( )13.A.fundamental B.historical
C.environmental D.financial
( )14.A.significance B.possibility
C.fortune D.depth
( )15.A.broad B.supportive
C.different D.particular
●Ⅵ 阅读七选五
Gardening 380 kilometres above earth
Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants.
Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn’t a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. 1. Because of this, it’s not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.
Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. 2. Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft—the only air the astronauts can breathe.
3. Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don’t “know” to grow down, leaves don’t “know” to grow up, and water doesn’t easily travel up the roots to the leaves. 4. Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels (胶) are used to help plant growth.
Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. 5. Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world’s population now at seven billion (十亿) people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions.
A.Every plant grown in space must have several uses.
B.However, there are challenges with growing plants in space.
C.Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.
D.The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram.
E.Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.
F.Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.
G.Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks and then caught again so it can be reused.
●Ⅶ 语法填空
OpenAI has introduced Sora, an advanced AI model designed to make videos from written descriptions or pictures. This 1. (represent) OpenAI’s move into the video creation area, joining other leading companies and new businesses. Sora stands out by making high-quality videos 2. can show complex scenes with many characters, different movements, and detailed backgrounds. It can also improve existing videos by filling in missing parts, showing 3. (it) strong grasp of language and 4. (understand) of the real world.
Sora can make videos in 5. variety of styles, including photo realistic and cartoon, lasting up to a minute. Demonstrations by OpenAI show Sora’s ability to produce videos that tell clear stories and show deep emotions, avoiding typical mistakes 6. (make) by AI. However, even with its advanced features, Sora has its challenges. It may have trouble copying the 7. (nature) laws of complex scenes or showing actions and their outcomes 8. (accurate), like a cookie not having a bite mark.
Aware of some 9. (risk) of misuse, OpenAI has not released Sora for general use. The organization stresses the need for careful development and use of AI, aiming to stop negative uses. For this, OpenAI is looking into ways to confirm videos made by Sora, which is regarded 10. the future research trend. (共45张PPT)
Period Four
Lesson 3 Stephen Hawking
(Reading)
课前自主探究
语言知识梳理
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
①PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) n.博士学位 出生
1942年1月8日
教育
圣奥尔本斯学校
牛津大学(1959—1962)，学习物理学
剑桥大学博士(1966年)
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
②institute n.(教育、专业等)机构；研究所 ③astronomy n.天文学 ④theoretical adj.理论的 ⑤cosmology n.宇宙论，宇宙学 职业生涯
剑桥天文研究所(1968—1973) 剑桥大学数学教授(1979—2009)剑桥理论宇宙学中心研究主任(2009—2018)
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
⑥influential adj.有很大影响(力)的 家庭
与简·怀尔德(1965—1991，三个孩子)和伊莱恩·梅森(1995—2006)结婚2018年3月14日，世界上最有影响力的科学家之一，斯蒂芬·霍金在英格兰的家中去世，享年76岁。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
⑦overcome vt.克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜 霍金不仅因其在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究而著名，更是因其克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战而出名。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
⑧be expected to do sth预计做某事 1942年1月8日，斯蒂芬·霍金出生于牛津，1959年进入牛津大学学习物理学。21岁那年，也是霍金在剑桥大学的第一年，医生发现他患有一种罕见的慢性肌萎缩侧索硬化症，预言他只能再活几年。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
⑨rather than而不是 ⑩as a result结果，因此 后来霍金在剑桥天文研究所找了份工作。职业生涯刚一开始他的病情就转而恶化，研究所允许他可以只做研究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易。1985年，他不得不动手术，结果丧失了说话能力。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
Soon his doctors developed a piece of speech-generating equipment ［4］that allowed him to speak. However, ［5］as his illness became worse, he lost the use of his hands. ［3］which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰do research。 ［4］that引导定语从句，修饰名词equipment。 很快，医生开发了一种发声设备使他能够说话。但是，随着他的病情继续恶化，他的手也动不了了。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
decline vi.减少，降低 cease vt. & vi.停止，终止，结束 尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研究，并且对黑洞有了许多新的想法。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
Hawking believed ［6］that the birth of the universe (the “Big Bang”) created many small black holes. His theory was ［7］that there was a sort of hole in the centre of a black hole. 霍金认为宇宙诞生时(即宇宙大爆炸)创造了许多小黑洞，他的理论是在黑洞的中心还有
一种洞，
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
lead to通向，导致 这种洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的世界完全分隔。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
Hawking also wrote books. His 1988 book, A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes, sold one copy for every 750 people on Earth. However, many people could not really understand ［9］what he had written. 霍金还写书。1988年出版的《时间简史：从大爆炸到黑洞》一书，地球上平均每750人便购买过一本。然而，许多人并不能真正理解他写的内容。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
grand adj.宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的 因此，霍金决定写一个更简单的版本，即《时间简史》(2005)。
在《宏伟设计》(2010年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著)一书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
instead of而不是；代替 与其说尝试寻找一个全新的解释，科学家们不如把他们已经有的想法汇集起来。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
look up at仰望，抬头看 2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式上，霍金对9亿电视观众说：“仰望星空，而不是俯视脚下……要保持好奇心。”
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
in spite of 虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……) 尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。他说，这并没有阻碍他拥有家庭，也没有妨碍他在工作中取得成
功。
续表
词汇助读 课文 翻译助读
bonus n.意外收获，额外的好处；奖金；红利 “21岁时，我的人生期望值降为零。从那以后，一切都是馈赠。”他认为自己所取得的一切都源于家人、许多人以及组织的帮助。
续表
Step 1 Fast reading
Read the passage on Pages 58—59 and match the main ideas
with each part.
Part 1 (Paras.1—2)( ) Part 2 (Para.3)( )
Part 3 (Para.4)( ) Part 4 (Paras.5—7)( )
Part 5 (Para.8)( )
A.Scientific contributions and theories
B.Literary achievements and public engagement
C.Introduction and early life
D.Personal philosophy and legacy
E.Career and personal struggles
C
E
A
B
D
Step 2 Careful reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
( ) 1.When did physicians discover that Hawking had a rare,
slow-progressing form of ALS
A.In 1942. B.In 1959. C.In 1961. D.In 1963.
( ) 2.What was the result of his operation in 1985
A.He lost his sight.
B.He lost his speech.
C.He lost his hearing.
D.He lost the use of his hands.
√
√
( ) 3.What happened to Hawking in 2010
A.He was expected to live for a few years.
B.He found his first job in a university.
C.He published The Grand Design with Leonard Mlodinow.
D.He decided to write A Briefer History of Time.
√
( ) 4.According to Hawking, what should scientists do to
discover the deepest secrets of the universe
A.Create a unified theory.
B.Look for a different approach.
C.Focus on quantum mechanics.
D.Explore space extensively.
√
( ) 5.How did Stephen Hawking overcome the challenges of
ALS in his personal life
A.With the help of family and support systems.
B.By focusing solely on his work.
C.Through sheer willpower.
D.By becoming a recluse.
√
Step 3 Summary
Read the text again and fill in the blanks.
On 14 March, 2018, Stephen Hawking 1.________(pass) away
at his home in England, aged 76. Renowned 2.____ his work in
theoretical physics and cosmology, he faced the challenges of
ALS 3._____________(courageous). Born on 8 January, 1942, in
Oxford, Hawking studied physics at the University of Oxford in
1959. At the age of 21, he moved to the University of
Cambridge, 4._______ ALS was discovered.
passed
for
courageously
where
Despite the prognosis, he continued working, eventually
5._______(lose) his speech and hand function.
Hawking worked at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge,
adapting to research-only duties as his illness progressed. He
developed theories about black holes and the Big Bang,
suggesting that small black holes led 6.____ separate universes.
His book, A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black
Holes achieved widespread success, 7._________(follow) by a
simplified version, A Briefer History of Time.
losing
to
followed
In The Grand Design, he proposed a new approach to
understanding the universe.
Hawking encouraged 8._________(curious) at the London
2012 Olympics' opening ceremony. Despite his struggles with
ALS, he considered 9.________(he) fortunate for the support he
received from family and a large number of people and
organisations, allowing him to lead a 10.________(fulfill) life.
curiosity
himself
fulfilling
1.influential adj.有很大影响(力)的
(教材P58) On 14 March, 2018, one of the world's most
influential scientists, Stephen Hawking, died at his home in
England, aged 76.
2018年3月14日，世界上最有影响力的科学家之一，斯蒂芬·霍金在
英格兰的家中去世，享年76岁。
(1)be influential in (doing) sth 对(做)某事有影响
(2)influence n. 影响,作用
vt. 影响,对……起作用
have an influence on/upon 对……有影响
under the influence of… 在……的影响下
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] For well over a hundred years the most
__________(influence) English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's
Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.
influential
②[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] Further, the Silk Route Garden around the
greenhouse walks visitors through a journey
___________(influence) by the ancient Silk Road.
influenced
(2)完成句子
______________________ my physics teacher, I have grown
increasingly interested in physics. In other words, my physics
teacher is my role model, who ______________________________
___. So he is the person I respect most.
在物理老师的影响下，我对物理越来越感兴趣。换句话说，我的物
理老师是我的榜样，他对我的影响极大。因此，他是我最尊敬的人。
(话题写作之记人叙事)
Under the influence of
has a great influence on/upon me
2.decline n.衰退,衰落,减少,下降 v.减少,下降,衰退,衰落;谢绝
(教材P59) Although Hawking's physical abilities declined over
decades, he never ceased his studies and he developed a
number of new ideas about black holes.
尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研
究，并且对黑洞有了许多新的想法。
(1)in decline=on the decline 在下降,在衰退
(2)decline (from…) to… (从……)下降/减少到……
decline by 下降/减少了……
decline sth/to do sth 婉言拒绝(做)某事
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空/熟词生义
①The officer declined _________(make) any comments on the
incident.
②The price of electronic products has declined ____ 20 percent
since last January.
③We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she declined,
saying that she felt like walking. ____________
to make
by
v.谢绝,婉拒
(2)完成句子/词汇升级
①It is reported that the number of pandas in the wild is
________________________.
据报道,野生大熊猫的数量在逐渐减少。(应用文写作之新闻报道)
in decline/on the decline
②Mr Black refused to get the money but accepted the
brothers' suggestions of doing some work in his garden.
→Mr Black _________ to get the money but accepted the
brothers' suggestions of doing some work in his garden.
declined
3.look up at 仰望，抬头看
(教材P59) At the opening of the London 2012 Olympics,
Hawking said to a TV audience of 900 million people: “Look up
at the stars and not down at your feet…be curious.”
2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式上，霍金对9亿电视观众说：“仰望星空，
而不是俯视脚下……要保持好奇心。”
look through 浏览;快速查看
look around/round 环视,环顾;游览,参观
look back on/upon 回顾,回忆
look down on/upon 轻视,瞧不起
look forward to 期盼,期待
look on 旁观
look into 调查;审查
look out 小心,注意
【活学活用】
(1)用look相关短语的适当形式填空
①I ____________________ those who always live off their
parents.
②Thank you for your interest in this project. We _____________
__________ cooperating with your company!
③I couldn't help ______________________ my childhood, which
was full of my sweetest memory.
look down on/upon
are looking forward to
looking back on/upon
④I _____________________ all my papers so far but I still can't
find the contract.
⑤The police did not begin to __________ the case until
yesterday afternoon.
have looked through
look into
(2)完成句子
_________________________, I saw her concerned eyes filled with
worry as she gently brushed my hair away from my forehead.
(非谓语)
抬头看着我的母亲，我看到她关切的眼神中充满了担忧，她轻轻地
把我的头发从额头上拨开。(读后续写之动作描写)
Looking up at my mother
(教材P59) However, many people could not really understand
what he had written.然而，许多人并不能真正理解他写的内容。
句型公式
what引导的名词性从句
【归纳拓展】
what常用来引导名词性从句,即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同
位语从句。what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点:
(1)what在相应的名词性从句中有一定的意义,常表示“什么”“所……
的”“……的样子”“……的事/话”等;
(2)what在相应的名词性从句中常作主语、宾语或表语。
［温馨提示］that也可以引导名词性从句,但that引导名词性从句时仅
起连接作用,无实际意义,在从句中不作任何句子成分。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to
use it for.
②_____ she was able to attend the party made us very happy.
③Experience is ______ matters—age is of secondary importance.
what
That
what
(2)完成句子
①Much of ______________________ is dependent not only on
the words we use, but also on how we use them.
我们沟通的许多内容不仅取决于我们所使用的词语，还取决于我们
如何运用它们。(话题写作之人际沟通)
what we communicate
②New knowledge is constantly being generated and
______________________ is being revised all the time, to the
extent that it can be difficult to keep pace with the latest
developments.
新的知识不断涌现着，我们已有的认知一直在被修正，以至于难以
跟上最新的发展。(话题写作之生活与学习)
what we already know
