Period Five Grammar
语法归纳
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.functional 2.spacious 3.smaller 4.highest 5.daily
6.biggest 7.lower 8.environmental 9.more exciting 10.financial
●Ⅱ 1.The more we learn about; the more we realize 2.more and more powerful 3.three beautiful large old round red Italian wooden chairs 4.delicious sugar-free desserts 5.blue-green colour of the oceanPeriod Five Grammar
Ⅰ.1.energetic 2.greater 3.Ultimately 4.commercial
5.religious 6.heavenly 7.earliest 8.limited 9.more complex 10.finest
Ⅱ.1.More and more carbon dioxide is being released into
2.there is nothing better than 3.it was meaningful and memorable as well 4.a bit upset and guilty 5.five stunning colourful abstract paintings
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了踢毽子是一项传统的民间运动,以及它的起源和发展。
1.dating 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语,date和逻辑主语shuttlecock kicking为主动关系,所以为现在分词形式。故填dating。
2.stores 考查名词复数。store为可数名词,意为“商店”,结合句意可知,此处应为名词复数形式。故填stores。
3.is needed 考查动词时态和语态。此处为谓语动词的填入,主语a piece of cloth wrapped around a coin和动词need为被动关系,结合句意可知,该句为陈述客观事实,所以为一般现在时。故填is needed。
4.whose 考查定语从句。此处为关系代词whose引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词some feathers在从句中作function的定语成分。故填whose。
5.are 考查动词时态和主谓一致。该句为there be句型,其谓语动词遵循主谓一致的就近原则,主语a great number of variations为复数意义名词,所以为动词复数形式,讲述事实用一般现在时。故填are。
6.the 考查冠词。此处构成the other,特指“另一只脚”,所以此处为定冠词the的填入。故填the。
7.fairly 考查副词。由副词修饰形容词可知,此处为副词fairly作状语修饰形容词wonderful。故填fairly。
8.beneficial 考查形容词。此处为形容词短语be beneficial to“对……有益”,满足句意要求。故填beneficial。
9.to play 考查非谓语动词。此处为固定短语“be adj.+ to do”“做某事是怎样的”,所以此处为动词不定式形式作状语。故填to play。
10.to 考查介词。此处为动词短语appeal to“吸引”,满足句意要求,所以此处为介词to的填入。故填to。
Ⅳ.A
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是一个科研团队开发了 HuggieBot 3.0的仿生机器人,可以提供非常逼真的类似于人类的拥抱,文章重点介绍了HuggieBot 3.0的研发历程和相关特色。
1.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词前半句“Alexis E. Block and her colleagues have been involved in the HuggieBot project for years…”及本段内容可知,本段主要讲述Alexis和她的同事们多年以来一直在参与HuggieBot项目的研究,努力成为该机器人项目的开发者。所以trailblazers为“开拓者;先驱”之意,与pioneers意思相近。故选C。
2.C 段落大意题。根据第二段中“It features a custom sensing system called ‘HuggieChest’ consisting of two inflated(膨胀的) parts to imitate a soft chest.”和“As a hug takes place, a pressure sensor and microphone inside the artificial chest detect human touch and begin transmitting data via a board to a Robot Operating System (ROS)-based computer located in the HuggieBot 3.0’s 3D-printed head.”可知,这段话主要讲的是HuggieBot 3.0的工作原理。故选C。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The HuggieBot 2.0 took the project a step further by integrating sensing perception, but the 3.0 version is the most advanced version with five added hugging commandments to deliver a human-like hugging experience.”可知,HuggieBot 3.0的特点是它提供了真实的拥抱体验。故选D。
4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,HuggieBot的前景是有希望的、有前途的。故选A。
B
【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。新的生物多样性监测技术——环境DNA(eDNA)技术即将问世,文章对其进行了介绍。
5.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Traditional survey methods are labour intensive and cover limited areas. Now, emerging environmental eDNA techniques open new possibilities.”可知,第一段明确提到传统调查方法存在局限性,而新兴的环境DNA(eDNA)技术开辟了新的可能性。这表明eDNA技术可以弥补传统技术带来的一些限制,因此选项C是合理的推断。故选C项。
6.C 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,eDNA采样的优势在于它能提高对不同研究环境的适应性,这与选项C的描述相符。故选C项。
7.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Imagine a future where eDNA data could be collected from the most remote oceans by autonomous vehicles, analysed by the drone (无人机) or on board a research vessel, and integrated with other monitoring data so marine managers and the public can see near-real-time data about the condition of the ocean.”可知,eDNA数据在未来可以应用于为海洋监管提供统计数据。故选D项。
8.A 主旨大意题。第一段提到“Figuring out biodiversity patterns and detecting rare or just-good-at-hiding species has long posed challenges for ecosystem monitoring and conservation efforts. Traditional survey methods are labour intensive and cover limited areas. Now, emerging environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques open new possibilities.”,随后文章详细介绍了eDNA技术在生物多样性监测中的优势和应用。选项A.“New biodiversity monitoring techniques are around the corner.”与文章的主旨相符,文章主要介绍了eDNA这一新的生物多样性监测技术。可知,文章主要是讲新的生物多样性监测技术即将问世。故选A项。Period Five Grammar
形容词
1.形容词的基本用法
形容词修饰名词时作定语,跟在系动词后作表语,跟在宾语后作宾补。如:
In the 18th and 19th centuries, wealthy people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. (作定语)
在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。
Her garden is beautiful, filled with a variety of colourful flowers that attract butterflies and bees.(作表语)
她的花园很美,种满了各种色彩斑斓的花,吸引了蝴蝶和蜜蜂。
Doing exercise regularly will make you healthy by improving your cardiovascular fitness, strengthening your muscles, and boosting your overall mood. (作宾补)
定期锻炼将使你保持健康,因为它可以改善你的心血管健康,增强肌肉力量,并提升你的整体情绪。
2.形容词的比较级
(1)构成
①单音节形容词
对于大多数单音节形容词,比较级通过在形容词后加“-er”来形成。如:tall→taller; fast→faster; bright→brighter
②以“e”结尾的单音节形容词
如果形容词以“e”结尾,只需加“-r”。如:large→larger; late→later
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单音节形容词
如果形容词以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先将“y”变为“i”,再加“-er”。如:happy→happier; busy→busier
④多音节形容词
对于大多数多音节形容词,比较级通常通过在前面加“more”来形成。如:beautiful→more beautiful; interesting→more interesting; expensive→more expensive
⑤不规则变化
有些形容词的比较级是不规则的,不能按照上述规则变化。如:good→better; bad→worse; far→farther/further
⑥双写规则
当一个单音节形容词以一个辅音字母结尾,并且前面是一个短元音时,形成比较级时需要双写最后的辅音字母。如:big→bigger; hot→hotter
(2)用法
①A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B。如:
The weather today is warmer than that yesterday, making it the perfect opportunity for a picnic in the park.
今天的天气比昨天暖和,是在公园野餐的绝佳机会。
②“as+adj.+as”结构要使用原级。如:
The building is as tall as the tree, standing proudly against the skyline and offering a breathtaking view from its upper floors.
这座建筑和树一样高,在天际线的衬托上巍然矗立,从楼上可以欣赏到令人惊叹的景色。
③比较结构常见的固定句型:
a.“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”结构,意为“越……,越……”。如:
The higher the mountain, the purer the air.The hikers therefore can breathe more easily and enjoy the breathtaking views.
山越高,空气越纯净。因此,徒步旅行者可以更轻松地呼吸,欣赏令人惊叹的景色。
b.“比较级+and+比较级”结构,意为“越来越……”,表示程度逐渐变化。如:
The weather is getting warmer and warmer,prompting people to take off their winter coats and embrace the arrival of spring.
天气越来越暖和,促使人们脱下冬衣,迎接春天的到来。
3.形容词的最高级
(1)构成
①单音节形容词
对于大多数单音节形容词,最高级通过在形容词前加“the”和后加“-est”来形成。如:small→the smallest; strong→the strongest
②以“e”结尾的单音节形容词
如果形容词以“e”结尾,只需加“-st”。如:large→the largest; late→the latest
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单音节形容词
如果形容词以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先将“y”变为“i”,再加“-est”。如:happy→the happiest; busy→the busiest
④多音节形容词
对于大多数多音节形容词,最高级通常通过在前面加“the most”来形成。如:beautiful→the most beautiful; attractive→the most attractive
⑤不规则变化
有些形容词的最高级是不规则的,不能按照上述规则变化。如:good→the best; bad→the worst; far→the farthest/furthest
⑥双写规则
当一个单音节形容词以一个辅音字母结尾,并且前面是一个短元音时,形成最高级时需要双写最后的辅音字母。如:big→the biggest; hot→the hottest
(2)用法
①表达最高程度
最高级用于比较三者或更多事物的特征,强调其中一个事物在某一特征上是最突出的。如:
[2022·全国乙卷] As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
作为国际茶日的主要推动者、茶叶的发源地和最大的茶叶生产国,中国有责任与其他国家合作,促进茶业的健康发展。
②与其他词语的搭配
最高级常与一些特定的词语搭配使用。
in:用于表明比较的范围。如:
He is the best player in the team, consistently demonstrating exceptional skills and sportsmanship, which not only inspires his teammates but also earns him the admiration of coaches and fans alike.
他是球队中最好的球员,始终如一地表现出卓越的技能和体育精神,这不仅激励了他的队友,也为他赢得了教练和球迷的钦佩。
of:用于表明在某一组中的比较。如:
This is the most interesting book of all, filled with captivating stories and profound insights.
这是所有书中最有趣的一本,充满了引人入胜的故事和深刻的见解。
4.形容词的一般排序规则
形容词的一般排序规则是指在英语中,当多个形容词修饰同一个名词时,通常遵循特定的顺序。以下是常见的形容词排序规则:
①数量(Number): one, two, several
②观点/意见(Opinion): lovely, beautiful, interesting
③大小(Size): big, small, tall
④年龄(Age): old, young, new
⑤形状(Shape): round, square, triangular
⑥颜色(Colour): red, blue, green
⑦来源(Origin): American, Chinese, French
⑧材料(Material): wooden, metal, plastic
⑨用途(Purpose): sleeping (as in “sleeping bag”), racing (as in “racing car”)
如:
a lovely small old wooden table一张可爱的小旧木桌
three beautiful round blue balloons三个漂亮的蓝色圆形气球
5.合成形容词
合成形容词(compound adjectives)是由两个或多个词组合而成的形容词,用于描述名词的特征。合成形容词通常通过连字符连接,以避免歧义并使其更易于理解。
(1)常见的合成形容词类型
①形容词+形容词 如:blue-green; bitter-sweet
②名词+形容词 如:business-related; sugar-free
③副词+形容词 如:well-known
(2)使用合成形容词的注意事项
①连字符:在合成形容词中使用连字符可以帮助清晰地传达意思。例如,“high-quality”表示“高质量的”,而“high quality”在某些情况下可能会引起误解。
②位置:合成形容词通常放在名词前面,作为修饰词。如:
a well-respected author
the high-speed train
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective (function) structure that is also beautiful.
2.[2023·浙江1月考] The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by (space) homes and walled gardens.
3.[2021·浙江6月考] When the house was built, it was much (small) than it is today.
4.In 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s (high) mountain.
5.We stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their (day) routines.
6.Plastic straws are by no means the (big) source of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire.
7.This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
8.With huge amounts of water to use, it raised different (environment) concerns.
9.I enjoyed myself at the party last night because I had never been to a (exciting) one before.
10.The company is seeking (finance) support to expand its operations and invest in new technology.
●Ⅱ 句型训练
1. different cultures, how interconnected our world truly is, highlighting the importance of mutual respect and understanding in fostering global harmony.
我们对不同文化了解得越多,就越意识到我们的世界是多么紧密相连,这突显了相互尊重和理解在促进全球和谐中的重要性。
2.As technology continues to advance, computers are becoming , enabling us to perform complex tasks with greater efficiency and speed than ever before.
随着技术的不断进步,计算机变得越来越强大,使我们能够以比以往任何时候都更高的效率和速度执行复杂的任务。
3.She bought for her dining room.
她为餐厅买了三把漂亮的红色圆形意大利老式大木椅。
4.The bakery offers a variety of , allowing those with dietary restrictions to enjoy sweet treats without compromising their health.
这家面包店提供各种美味的无糖甜点,让那些有饮食限制的人在不损害健康的情况下享受甜食。
5.The was incredibly calming, reminding me of the peaceful summers spent by the beach with my family.
大海的蓝绿色令人难以置信地平静,让我想起了和家人在海滩上度过的宁静的夏天。Period Five Grammar
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.The old man is still healthy and (energy) in his eighties because he has kept regular hours since boyhood.
2.At the award ceremony , Mr Jackson said, “For me, there has been no (great) reward than your support.”
3. (ultimate), his ambition to explore the depths of the ocean led him to pursue a career in marine biology, where he dedicated his life to uncovering the mysteries of the underwater world.
4.Advertising agencies would create a basic type of advertisement known as a (commerce) advertisement.
5.The (religion) festival attracted thousands of visitors, all eager to participate in the traditions and ceremonies that celebrate their faith.
6.The view from the mountaintop was absolutely (heaven), with clouds floating beneath us and the sun setting in a breathtaking array of colours.
7. In the late years of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Jia Sixie wrote Qimin Yaoshu, the (early) and most complete agricultural encyclopedia still in existence in China.
8.Due to (limit) resources, the team had to prioritize their projects and focus on the most critical tasks first.
9.Dealing with the dilemma of choosing between two equally appealing options can be challenging, especially when external circumstances make the decision even (complex).
10.One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait done so he called dozens of artists to come and present their (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
●Ⅱ 语法+写作(形容词)
1. the air at present, contributing to the more severe global warming effects.
目前,越来越多的二氧化碳被释放到空气中,导致更严重的全球变暖影响。
2.And if we are feeling down or lonely, seeing the smiling face of a good friend. (比较级表最高级)
如果我们感到沮丧或孤独,没有什么会比看到好朋友的笑脸更好。
3.The summer holiday was a little busy, but for me .
这个暑假有点忙,但对我来说它是有意义并且难忘的。
4.He ducked his head and stepped back to his seat, . (形容词作状语)
他低下头,回到座位上,有点不安和内疚。
5.During the art exhibition, she showcased that she had created during her travels around the world, each reflecting a unique experience and culture.
在艺术展览中,她展示了五幅令人惊叹的色彩斑斓的抽象画,这些画作是她在全球旅行期间创作的,每一幅都反映了独特的经历和文化。
●Ⅲ 语篇填空
Shuttlecock (毽子) kicking is a traditional popular folk game, 1. (date) as far back as the Han Dynasty.The fun game gained popularity during the Tang Dynasty, when 2. (store) specializing in the shuttlecock business appeared. In the Qing Dynasty, shuttlecock kicking reached its peak in terms of both making techniques and kicking skills.
To make a feather shuttlecock, a piece of cloth wrapped around a coin 3. (need). Through the coin hole you can stick some feathers, 4. function is to delay the rising and falling of the shuttlecock.
There 5. (be) a great number of variations in styles and methods of kicking. With one leg fixed on the ground, the shuttlecock is kicked by the inner ankle of 6. other. Some other styles include kicking the shuttlecock backwards and forwards between two people. Those who advance to a high level of mastery can perform some actions that are 7. (fair) wonderful. The challenge of the increasingly difficult levels of shuttlecock kicking has made it a popular and timeless game among Chinese children.
Playing with shuttlecocks is 8. (benefit) to health. When people are kicking shuttlecocks, various parts of the body need to work together, which enhances balance capabilities and physical flexibility. Besides, shuttlecock kicking is convenient 9. (play). It can be practised just about anywhere and anytime.
Since the establishment of the Chinese Shuttlecock Kicking Association in 1987, the national shuttlecock kicking tournament has been held annually, appealing 10. people of all ages.
●Ⅳ 阅读理解
A
Hugging probably isn’t the first thing when thinking about what robots could help humankind with. Alexis E. Block and her colleagues have been involved in the HuggieBot project for years, trying to be trailblazers of a robot that could deliver human-like hugs.
The creators of HuggieBot 3.0 claim that it is “the first fully autonomous human-sized hugging robot”. It features a custom sensing system called “HuggieChest” consisting of two inflated (膨胀的) parts to imitate a soft chest. But there’s a lot more than a soft chest to the HuggieBot 3.0. The advanced robot delivers hugs using a pair of arms mounted to a custom metal frame (框架) that were selected for being human-like, quiet, and safe. As a hug takes place, a pressure sensor and microphone inside the artificial chest detect human touch and begin transmitting data via a board to a Robot Operating System (ROS)-based computer located in the HuggieBot 3.0’s 3D-printed head.
The team used feedback from 512 real people over 32 trials to train a machine learning system. “The HuggieBot 3.0 can stay still, move slightly vertically (垂直地), tap or pat a person’s back and squeeze with varying degrees of pressure,” the team wrote in a recent study.
Alexis E. Block started working on the original HuggieBot back in 2016. The first version was built on six “hugging commandments” to autonomously enter into and end a hug. The HuggieBot 2.0 took the project a step further by integrating sensing perception, but the 3.0 version is the most advanced version with five added hugging commandments to deliver a human-like hugging experience.
In a recent test, 12 participants who hugged the robot for longer declared that they felt it was “significantly nicer to hug” than previous ones.
The HuggieBot 3.0 isn’t perfect, and its creators point out that it isn’t quite like hugging a real person just yet, but they are already working on a fourth version that should come with improved hug positioning and techniques. They hope that one day HuggieBot will be able to take the place of the sensation of human hugging to perfection.
( )1.What does the underlined word “trailblazers” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Trackers. B.Protectors.
C.Pioneers. D.Critics.
( )2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about HuggieBot 3.0
A.Its designing process.
B.Its main function.
C.Its working principle.
D.Its practical usage.
( )3.What’s special about HuggieBot 3.0
A.It works fully autonomously.
B.It perceives people’s senses.
C.It pats and squeezes a person gently.
D.It offers human-like hugging experiences.
( )4.Which can best describe the prospect of future HuggieBot
A.Promising. B.Far-reaching.
C.Profitable. D.Uncertain.
B
Figuring out biodiversity patterns and detecting rare or just-good-at-hiding species has long posed challenges for ecosystem monitoring and conservation efforts. Traditional survey methods are labour intensive and cover limited areas. Now, emerging environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques open new possibilities.
Scientists collect water or soil samples from an environment and extract any DNA traces left behind by organisms. This is the environmental DNA (eDNA). They then use one of the two analysis methods—quantitative PCR (qPCR) or DNA sequencing. Similar to COVID tests, qPCR is used to detect if a specific species’ DNA is in the sample. For example, researchers tested river water eDNA to see if endangered fish X was present. When it was detected, they confirmed that the fish lived in that river without directly seeing it. DNA sequencing analyses all DNA in the sample at once. Scientists can then match the DNA barcodes to databases to identify which species were in the sampled environment.
Although eDNA sampling cannot identify new species or those only known from photos and videos if they are not already listed in the reference databases, the real power of it lies in its ability to capture a wide range of organisms. With just one sample, scientists can detect all kinds of living things, from bacteria to whales, in almost any environment where life exists, including the deep sea and underground caves. One of the most significant advantages of eDNA sampling is that it allows scientists to detect species that are difficult to see or capture. This is particularly useful when studying rare or very small species, or when working in environments like dark water where visibility is limited.
This is just the start. Imagine a future where eDNA data could be collected from the most remote oceans by autonomous vehicles, analysed by the drone (无人机) or on board a research vessel, and integrated with other monitoring data so marine managers and the public can see near-real-time data about the condition of the ocean. Science fiction Not any more.
( )5.What can we infer from Paragraph 1
A.Finding out species diversity is difficult for related scientists.
B.The previous research methods are completely depend on labour.
C.eDNA techniques could make up for some limitations posed by the traditional one.
D.eDNA techniques have already substituted traditional survey methods.
( )6.What’s the advantage of eDNA sampling
A.It can detect species from photos and videos.
B.It can help scientists capture endangered species.
C.It improves adaptability to different researching environments.
D.It can identify any living creature with a sample of it.
( )7.What could eDNA data be applied to in the future
A.Studying microbial communities.
B.Analysing diversity changes over time.
C.Collecting species in new environments.
D.Offering statistics for ocean supervision.
( )8.What’s the main idea of the text
A.New biodiversity monitoring techniques are around the corner.
B.Traditional survey methods are abandoned for their shortcomings.
C.Rare species have been discovered with two analysis methods.
D.Scientists have made a breakthrough in undersea research.(共29张PPT)
Period Five
Grammar
语法归纳
形容词
1.形容词的基本用法
形容词修饰名词时作定语,跟在系动词后作表语,跟在宾语后作宾补。如：
In the 18th and 19th centuries, wealthy people travelled and
collected plants, historical objects and works of art. (作定语)
在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。
Her garden is beautiful, filled with a variety of colourful flowers
that attract butterflies and bees.(作表语)
她的花园很美，种满了各种色彩斑斓的花，吸引了蝴蝶和蜜蜂。
Doing exercise regularly will make you healthy by improving
your cardiovascular fitness, strengthening your muscles, and
boosting your overall mood. (作宾补)
定期锻炼将使你保持健康，因为它可以改善你的心血管健康，增强
肌肉力量，并提升你的整体情绪。
2.形容词的比较级
(1)构成
①单音节形容词
对于大多数单音节形容词，比较级通过在形容词后加“-er”来形成。
如：tall→taller； fast→faster； bright→brighter
②以“e”结尾的单音节形容词
如果形容词以“e”结尾，只需加“-r”。如：large→larger； late→later
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单音节形容词
如果形容词以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先将“y”变为“i”，再加“-er”。如：
happy→happier； busy→busier
④多音节形容词
对于大多数多音节形容词，比较级通常通过在前面加“more”来形成。
如：beautiful→more beautiful； interesting→more interesting；
expensive→more expensive
⑤不规则变化
有些形容词的比较级是不规则的，不能按照上述规则变化。如：
good→better； bad→worse； far→farther/further
⑥双写规则
当一个单音节形容词以一个辅音字母结尾，并且前面是一个短元音
时，形成比较级时需要双写最后的辅音字母。如：big→bigger；
hot→hotter
(2)用法
①A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B。如：
The weather today is warmer than that yesterday, making it the
perfect opportunity for a picnic in the park.
今天的天气比昨天暖和，是在公园野餐的绝佳机会。
②“as+adj.+as”结构要使用原级。如：
The building is as tall as the tree, standing proudly against the
skyline and offering a breathtaking view from its upper floors.
这座建筑和树一样高，在天际线的衬托上巍然矗立，从楼上可以欣
赏到令人惊叹的景色。
③比较结构常见的固定句型：
a.“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”结构,意为“越……,越……”。如：
The higher the mountain, the purer the air. The hikers
therefore can breathe more easily and enjoy the breathtaking
views.
山越高，空气越纯净。因此，徒步旅行者可以更轻松地呼吸，欣赏
令人惊叹的景色。
b.“比较级+and+比较级”结构,意为“越来越……”,表示程度逐渐变化。
如：
The weather is getting warmer and warmer，prompting people
to take off their winter coats and embrace the arrival of spring.
天气越来越暖和，促使人们脱下冬衣，迎接春天的到来。
3.形容词的最高级
(1)构成
①单音节形容词
对于大多数单音节形容词，最高级通过在形容词前加“the”和后加“-
est”来形成。如：small→the smallest; strong→the strongest
②以“e”结尾的单音节形容词
如果形容词以“e”结尾，只需加“-st”。如：large→the largest；
late→the latest
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单音节形容词
如果形容词以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先将“y”变为“i”，再加“-est”。如：
happy→the happiest； busy→the busiest
④多音节形容词
对于大多数多音节形容词，最高级通常通过在前面加“the most”来形
成。如：beautiful→the most beautiful； attractive→the most
attractive
⑤不规则变化
有些形容词的最高级是不规则的，不能按照上述规则变化。如：
good→the best； bad→the worst； far→the farthest/furthest
⑥双写规则
当一个单音节形容词以一个辅音字母结尾，并且前面是一个短元音
时，形成最高级时需要双写最后的辅音字母。如：big→the biggest；
hot→the hottest
(2)用法
①表达最高程度
最高级用于比较三者或更多事物的特征，强调其中一个事物在某一
特征上是最突出的。如：
［2022·全国乙卷］ As a main promoter of the International Tea
Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing
country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries
to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
作为国际茶日的主要推动者、茶叶的发源地和最大的茶叶生产国，
中国有责任与其他国家合作，促进茶业的健康发展。
②与其他词语的搭配
最高级常与一些特定的词语搭配使用。
in：用于表明比较的范围。如：
He is the best player in the team, consistently demonstrating
exceptional skills and sportsmanship, which not only inspires his
teammates but also earns him the admiration of coaches and
fans alike.
他是球队中最好的球员，始终如一地表现出卓越的技能和体育精神，
这不仅激励了他的队友，也为他赢得了教练和球迷的钦佩。
of：用于表明在某一组中的比较。如：
This is the most interesting book of all, filled with captivating
stories and profound insights.
这是所有书中最有趣的一本，充满了引人入胜的故事和深刻的见解。
4.形容词的一般排序规则
形容词的一般排序规则是指在英语中，当多个形容词修饰同一个名
词时，通常遵循特定的顺序。以下是常见的形容词排序规则：
①数量(Number): one, two, several
②观点/意见(Opinion): lovely, beautiful, interesting
③大小(Size): big, small, tall
④年龄(Age): old, young, new
⑤形状(Shape): round, square, triangular
⑥颜色(Colour): red, blue, green
⑦来源(Origin): American, Chinese, French
⑧材料(Material): wooden, metal, plastic
⑨用途(Purpose): sleeping (as in “sleeping bag”), racing
(as in “racing car”)
如：
a lovely small old wooden table一张可爱的小旧木桌
three beautiful round blue balloons三个漂亮的蓝色圆形气球
5.合成形容词
合成形容词(compound adjectives)是由两个或多个词组合而成的形
容词，用于描述名词的特征。合成形容词通常通过连字符连接，以
避免歧义并使其更易于理解。
(1)常见的合成形容词类型
①形容词+形容词 如：blue-green; bitter-sweet
②名词+形容词 如：business-related； sugar-free
③副词+形容词 如：well-known
(2)使用合成形容词的注意事项
①连字符：在合成形容词中使用连字符可以帮助清晰地传达意思。
例如，“high-quality”表示“高质量的”，而“high quality”在某些情况下
可能会引起误解。
②位置：合成形容词通常放在名词前面，作为修饰词。如：
a well-respected author
the high-speed train
【实战演练】
Ⅰ单句填空
1.[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] The latest engineering techniques are
applied to create this protective __________(function) structure
that is also beautiful.
functional
2.[2023·浙江1月考] The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined
by _________(space) homes and walled gardens.
3.[2021·浙江6月考] When the house was built, it was much
________(small) than it is today.
spacious
smaller
4.In 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's
________(high) mountain.
highest
5.We stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take
pictures or just to watch the local people going about their
______(day) routines.
daily
6.Plastic straws are by no means the ________(big) source of
plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire.
biggest
7.This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in
the countryside, including ______(low) levels of income and
education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports
facilities.
lower
8.With huge amounts of water to use, it raised different
______________(environment) concerns.
9.I enjoyed myself at the party last night because I had never
been to a ______________(exciting) one before.
10.The company is seeking _________(finance) support to
expand its operations and invest in new technology.
environmental
more exciting
financial
Ⅱ句型训练
1._________________________ different cultures, _______________
______ how interconnected our world truly is, highlighting the
importance of mutual respect and understanding in fostering
global harmony.
我们对不同文化了解得越多，就越意识到我们的世界是多么紧密相
连，这突显了相互尊重和理解在促进全球和谐中的重要性。
The more we learn about
the more we realize
2.As technology continues to advance, computers are becoming
_________________________, enabling us to perform complex
tasks with greater efficiency and speed than ever before.
随着技术的不断进步，计算机变得越来越强大，使我们能够以比以
往任何时候都更高的效率和速度执行复杂的任务。
more and more powerful
3.She bought ______________________________________________
_____________ for her dining room.
她为餐厅买了三把漂亮的红色圆形意大利老式大木椅。
three beautiful large old round red Italian wooden chairs
4.The bakery offers a variety of ___________________________,
allowing those with dietary restrictions to enjoy sweet treats
without compromising their health.
这家面包店提供各种美味的无糖甜点，让那些有饮食限制的人在不
损害健康的情况下享受甜食。
delicious sugar-free desserts
5.The ______________________________ was incredibly calming,
reminding me of the peaceful summers spent by the beach with
my family.
大海的蓝绿色令人难以置信地平静，让我想起了和家人在海滩上度
过的宁静的夏天。
blue-green colour of the ocean
