Unit 1 People of Achievement(单元测试）-2025-2026学年人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第一册（含答案与解析）
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| 名称 | Unit 1 People of Achievement(单元测试）-2025-2026学年人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第一册（含答案与解析） |  | |
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Unit 1 People of Achievement
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．Insects are everywhere.Insects pollinate（给......授粉）crops，remove waste from the environment and eat（1） insects like mosquitoes.But insects can also destroy crops，（2） buildings and spread disease.With that in mind，it's easy to see just how（3） the work done by entomologists（昆虫学家）is.
Dr Christine Miller is an entomologist，whose（4） as an insect researcher at the University of Florida takes her around the world（5） insects both common and rare.She loves her job and wants to know why insects do what they do and how they make the（6） healthy by becoming food for other animals or breaking down waste.
Miller's interest in insects started when she was young，collecting insects and surprised at their unique（7） .Miller attended Wesleyan University，where she at first joined a research laboratory studying plants.She soon realized insects were "more interesting and powerful".
"Insects are an important part of our world，" Miller says."If we want to（8） our growing population，we need to（9） to deal with insect pests.For example，right now armyworms are spreading through Africa （10） corn.There is real（11） that if we don't figure out how to stop them，that important crop will be ruined and people will starve."
Because much of their work is done outside，entomologists face certain（12） .There is always the risk of being attacked by insects or（13） an insect﹣borne illness.Moreover，entomologists are not always（14） around insects.Miller admits to being scared of maggots（组）.
"That's something I haven't been able to（15） ，" she says with a laugh."They make me as sick to my stomach as anyone else."
（1） A．rare B．huge C．beautiful D．harmful
（2） A．design B．damage C．clean D．admire
（3） A．important B．impossible C．simple D．adequate
（4） A．tip B．figure C．job D．vacation
（5） A．in search of B．in need of C．in favor of D．in charge of
（6） A．competition B．environment C．relationship D．diet
（7） A．connections B．backgrounds C．languages D．characteristics
（8） A．reduce B．control C．feed D．study
（9） A．learn B．reply C．agree D．regret
（10） A．watching B．protecting C．introducing D．eating
（11） A．hope B．concern C．doubt D．relief
（12） A．dangers B．truths C．chances D．changes
（13） A．helping with B．looking into C．referring to D．suffering from
（14） A．suitable B．comfortable C．familiar D．separate
（15） A．put off B．show off C．get over D．take over
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．（2024春 米东区校级月考）NATURE has many ways of reminding us who is in charge.Her most deadly weapons ﹣ bacteria，viruses，and parasites（寄生虫） ﹣ claim millions of lives every year.
But thanks to the hard work of great scientists，mankind could turn nature against itself.And it is for exactly this sort of work that the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Oct 5.
Half of the prize was awarded to the Irish William Campbell and the Japanese Satoshi Omura for discovering avermectin（阿维菌素），a drug that kills the parasitic worms that cause river blindness and lymphatic filariasis（象皮病）.Chinese scientist Tu Youyou shared the other half of the prize for developing Artemisinin，a drug that helps kill the parasite that causes malaria.
Omura is a microbiologist by training.He studied Streptomyces bacteria to find compounds（化合物） that work against harmful microbes（微生物）.Campbell，working in the US，took bacteria found by Omura and took out avermectin，which is effective against parasites in farm animals.An improved type of avermectin was later produced for humans，which greatly reduced the cases of river blindness and lymphatic filariasis.
Avermectin comes from bacteria，but artemisinin comes from plants.Its discovery was the result of Project 523，a Chinese government project to find a new malaria drug in the late 1960s.
Malaria is a mosquito﹣borne disease caused by parasites，which attack red blood cells，causing fever，and sometimes，brain damage and death.Tu and her team made 380 herbal extracts from 2，000 recipes from traditional Chinese medical books.In 1971，after more than 190 failures，Tu's team finally found an extract that was 100 percent effective against malaria parasites.It was called qinghaosu，later renamed artemisinin.In 2001，the World Health Organization named artemisinin the first choice in the treatment of malaria.
Millions of people are still troubled by infections caused by parasites.But the WHO said that by 2013，malaria deaths had fallen by 47 percent compared with 2000.Similarly，river blindness used to be one of the leading causes of preventable blindness.These days，doctors are talking about chances of wiping the disease off Earth.All of these achievements would not be possible at all without the drugs that Campbell，Omura and Tu helped to discover.
（1）The drug Tu Youyou developed，artemisinin，has proven effective in treating .
A．river blindness
B．malaria
C．lymphatic filariasis
D．infections caused by Streptomyces bacteria
（2）Avermectin，discovered by Campbell and Omura，comes from .
A．bacteria
B．plants
C．farm animals
D．ocean animals
（3）Which of the following is TRUE about the discovery of artemisinin？
A．It took Tu and her team about 10 years to discover artemisinin.
B．Tu and her team achieved success after about 380 failures.
C．Artemisinin has saved millions of people's lives since its discovery.
D．Artemisinin was discovered thanks to the efforts of scientists from at home and abroad.
3．（2024秋 官渡区校级期中）Modern medicine and the latest technology can save many lives.If you live in a country where healthcare is readily available and accessible，then your chances of recovering from illnesses or accidents are very good.But for many people in the US who are uninsured（无保险的），they can't afford these new medical treatments.That's why Doctor Demetrio Aguila in Norfolk lets poor patients pay for surgery（外科手术）through volunteer work.
"For years I had been doing surgery for patients and taking care of their health problems.Then I would find out months later，sometimes years later，that I had caused their financial ruin，" Aguila said.Serious illnesses can completely deplete a family's savings，leaving them no choice but to go bankrupt（破产）.
Then he formed Healing Hands M25 as a way to give poor patients the medical fees they need by donating their time to community service.The process is pretty simple.They practice partners with local charitable organizations.The patient picks the charity and donates his time and sweat；Aguila determines the amount of volunteer hours the patient has to complete."We've lowered the cost of healthcare.We've made it fair for everybody involved，" Aguila said.
The first patient to participate in the program was Jeffrey Jenson who worked for 560 hours to pay for surgery on his leg.Jenson asked his friends and family to help him complete the hours.Jenson said that his volunteer work greatly affected his life as much as the surgery."The M25 program is not about money﹣it's about if people come together to help other people，then the community becomes better，" said Jenson.
This program is a big win for the patients，the local community，and Dr Aguila who knows he has done everything he could to help his patients.
（1）How does Aguila make poor patients pay for surgery？
A．In cash.
B．Through an insurance company.
C．By doing volunteer work.
D．By serving the doctor.
（2）What does the underlined word "deplete" in Paragraph 2 mean？
A．Set aside.
B．Use up.
C．Cut down.
D．Add to.
（3）What is the third paragraph mainly about？
A．What Healing Hands M25 does.
B．How Healing Hands M25 works.
C．Why Aguila runs Healing Hands M25.
D．Why patients choose Healing Hands M25.
（4）What is Jenson's attitude towards the M25 program？
A．Positive
B．Negative.
C．Objective.
D．Unconcerned.
4．（2024秋 武江区校级月考）The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past.With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones，writing by hand has become something of nostalgic （怀旧的）skill.However，while today's educators are using more and more technology in their teaching，many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful﹣﹣﹣both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger，professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington，says it's important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks﹣﹣﹣both on a computer and by hand.The study，published in 2009，found that when writing with a pen and paper，participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
In a more recent study，Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. "Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary，word meaning and concepts.It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas." Berninger said.
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe（转换） "those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen，" the study said.Seeing the words in the "mind's eye" helps children not only to turn their ideas into words，says Berninger，but also to spot spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time.
"In our computer age，some people believe that we don't have to teach spelling because we have spell checks，" she said. "But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level，they won't have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer."
（1）What makes writing by hand a thing of the past？
A．The absence of blackboard in classroom.
B．The use of new technologies in teaching.
C．The lack of practice in handwriting.
D．The popular use of smartphones.
（2）Which of the following best shows the role of spelling？
A．Spelling improves one's memory of words.
B．Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.
C．Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.
D．Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.
（3）What does "mind's eye" in paragraph 5 mean？
A．Window.
B．Soul.
C．Picture.
D．Imagination.
（4）What conclusion could be drawn from the passage？
A．Computers can help people with their choice of words.
B．Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.
C．Handwriting still has a place in today's classrooms.
D．Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.
5．（2022春 红山区校级期中）"They tell me that you'd like to make a statue（塑像）of me ﹣﹣is that correct，Miss Vinnie Ream？"
The deep，gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl.Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter，especially for a seventeen﹣year﹣old girl.
"Yes，sir，she replied，her dark eyes meeting his.I wouldn't have dared to ask you，but my teacher，Mr.Mills，says I am ready.I plan to make it in an admirable manner."
President Lincoln smiled. "Painters，sculptors ﹣ they've all tried to make the best of this ordinary face，but I'm afraid there's not much hope.What did you have in mind，Miss Ream？A bust（半身像）？"
Before Vinnie could say yes，the President hurried on，a shade of apology in his voice. "Of course ﹣I shouldn't have asked.A full﹣length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size."
Vinnie's face turned red.She realized she looked like a child，with her tiny figure. "Small does not mean weak，sir，" she defended herself. "I was born in the country of Wisconsin.I've driven teams of horses and carried water.Making a full﹣length clay （粘土） figure would not exhaust my strength —and that is what I intend to do!"
The President's eyes，brightened at her show of spirit. "Sorry，madam，I have underestimated you as I didn't know your background."
But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers，in thought."Miss Ream，"he sighed， "I'd like to let you do it，but as you know，we are in the middle of a war.How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now？I hardly have a minute to myself."
Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office."I work quickly，" she said.Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows."If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon，I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk."
The President seemed to consider her idea seriously.He got up and shook Vinnie's hand warmly， "I've heard that you are a talented young woman，and I have found you charming and intelligent as well.I cannot make my decision immediately，but you will hear from me soon."
The very next day，Vinnie received an invitation from the President.
（1）What gave Vinnie confidence to make her request of President Lincoln？
A．Her aggressive personality.
B．Mr.Mills's encouraging remark.
C．President Lincoln's gentle voice.
D．Her interest in a challenging job.
（2）How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnie's request？
A．Pleased.
B．Thrilled.
C．Regretful.
D．Doubtful.
（3）Vinnie wanted to choose the corner near the windows to .
A．achieve effects of natural lighting
B．keep all her tools within easy reach
C．observe the President at a right angle
D．avoid disturbing the President's work
（4）What message does the story convey？
A．A strong﹣willed soul can reach his goal.
B．Experience helps to promote excellence.
C．Ups and downs make one strong.
D．Devotion requires enthusiasm.
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2024秋 南阳校级月考）"Nature does not hurry，yet everything is accomplished．"﹣Lao Tzu
If you are in a city where everyone rushes，realize that you don't have to be like everyone else．You can be different．You can walk instead of driving in rush hour traffic．You can be on your iPhone or Blackberry less，and disconnected sometimes．Your environment doesn't control your life﹣you do．I'm not going to tell you how to give you a step﹣by﹣step guide to moving slower．（1）
Do less．
Cut back on your projects，on your task list，on how much you try to do each day．Focus not on quantity but on quality．（2） Save smaller，routine tasks for later in the day，but give yourself time to focus．
Have fewer meetings．
（3） And they eat into your day，forcing you to squeeze the things you really need to do into small windows，and making you rush．
（4） When you do the important things with focus，without rush，there will be things that get pushed back，and that don't get done．And you need to ask yourself：how necessary are these things？What would happen if I stopped doing them？
Practice mindfulness．
Simply learn to live in the present，rather than things so much about future or the past．When you eat，fully appreciate your food．When you are with someone，be with them fully．When you are walking，appreciate your surroundings，no matter where you are．
Try these things out．Life is better when unrushed．（5）
A．Remember the quote：if nature can get everything done without rushing，so can you．
B．Pick 2﹣3 important things﹣or even just one important thing﹣and work on those first．
C．The world likely won't end if you don't pass one of the examinations．
D．Meetings are usually a"big waste of time"．
E．But here are some things to consider and perhaps adopt，if they work for your life．
F．Start to put off or cancel the unnecessary．
G．Give yourself more time to get ready and get there．
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（2024秋 江北区校级月考）Tea is an important part of Chinese tradition.As Chinese society develops，tea production has played a role in （1） （drive） the economy forward while tea consumption has remained a practice of daily life.
The practice of tea culture can bring the spirit and wisdom of human beings to a（2） （high） level.What's more，tea has an （3） （extreme）close relationship to Chinese culture，and its study covers a wide field and has a very rich content.There is no doubt （4） it has been beneficial in improving people's social achievements and （5） （appreciate）of art.
The history of Chinese tea is（6） long and gradual story of improvement.Generations of growers and producers （7） （improve）the Chinese way of making tea so far，and the quality of tea is judged on the color，fragrance（香味）and flavor，the water quality and even the tea set.
Drinking tea（8） （offer）a lot of benefits.For example，it refreshes（使恢复精力）the mind and clears heat in the human body.If you intend （9） （lose）weight，you can drink tea，which is helpful（10） some degree.
五．单词拼写（共5小题）
8．（2024秋 南京模拟）In the beginning，Tu Youyou went to Hainan， （在那里疟疾更常见），to study malaria patients.
9．（2024秋 海曙区校级期中）How can you （提取） this information and make good use of it？
10．（2024秋 大埔县期中） （看来）， we have to change all the labels on the books during the next week.
11．（2024秋 大埔县期中）As is known to all，talent and hard work are both （至关重要的） to career success.
12．（2022春 白云区校级月考）Everyone could see the （热情） in his approach to the work.
六．词性转换（共5小题）
13．（2024秋 响水县校级期末）Generally，it （acknowledge）that the shortest distance between people is a sincere smile.
14．（2024秋 惠州期末）The national park has a large collection of wildlife， （range） from butterflies to elephants．
15．（2024秋 集美区校级期中）This year has seen a number of （remark） business stories in China，including some masters such as Alibaba and Huawei.
16．（2024秋 集美区校级期中） （draft） contracts is actually one of the simple pleasures of practising law.
17．（2024秋 香坊区校级月考）Being the coach of the new team，I was excited because I knew we were going to win，but to my disappointment we （defeat）.
七．书面表达（共2小题）
18．（2024春 武陵区校级期末）假定你是李华，想邀请英国交换生David下周一参加你校举办的"科技节"，并观赏学生们的 "科技小发明"．请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1．写信意图；
2．活动时间和地点；
3．活动目的和内容；
4．表达希望．
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
参考词汇：科技小发明：technology gadgets
Dear David，
I'm glad to invite you to the Science Festival_______
Yours，
Li Hua
19．（2024春 天心区校级月考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
It was after midnight last December and we were driving home from a party.The weather had been awful，with the rain pouring on our 40﹣minute journey there.Paul，my husband，was driving our Ford Ranger pickup truck and my seven﹣year﹣old son，Silas，was in the back.
What was so frightening was the speed of it.One minute we were halfway home，the next there was water going up over the bonnet（引擎盖）.The rushing water lifted our car up and pushed it back against a hedge（树篱）.I felt frightened by the power of the water，and Paul was trying to control the truck.
Water was instantly around my ankles.I reached my hand back and felt it around Silas's.Paul climbed out through a window，at which point Silas woke up，confused.I managed to pass him through the window to Paul，who was now on the truck's roof.
Paul told me I needed to get out，but I couldn't open the door.I attempted to push my body through the driver's window and cling on to the support between the windows.Paul grabbed my hood（兜帽）to help but in vain.I could hear Silas crying，so I told him to let go﹣ Silas needed him.He refused，but I insisted﹣ I wanted to know Silas would be safe.As I saw his empty outstretched hands，the water took me away.I was a strong swimmer but I had no option but to be carried away by the rapids.Shocked，I gasped for breath and tried to keep my head above water.
It was extremely dark but I could just make out trees.As I passed，I reached out and grabbed two slim branches and hugged the tree with my knees.
My plan was just to hold on.Not knowing if Paul and Silas were dead or alive，I thought that if they did survive they would need me.I wondered who would come to my rescue.
Paragraph 1：
After nearly 40 minutes，I saw a small spotlight.__________.
Paragraph 2：
As I rose to my feet，I hugged my rescuers.__________.
Unit 1 People of Achievement
参考答案与试题解析
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．Insects are everywhere.Insects pollinate（给......授粉）crops，remove waste from the environment and eat（1） D insects like mosquitoes.But insects can also destroy crops，（2） B buildings and spread disease.With that in mind，it's easy to see just how（3） A the work done by entomologists（昆虫学家）is.
Dr Christine Miller is an entomologist，whose（4） C as an insect researcher at the University of Florida takes her around the world（5） A insects both common and rare.She loves her job and wants to know why insects do what they do and how they make the（6） B healthy by becoming food for other animals or breaking down waste.
Miller's interest in insects started when she was young，collecting insects and surprised at their unique（7） C .Miller attended Wesleyan University，where she at first joined a research laboratory studying plants.She soon realized insects were "more interesting and powerful".
"Insects are an important part of our world，" Miller says."If we want to（8） A our growing population，we need to（9） D to deal with insect pests.For example，right now armyworms are spreading through Africa （10） B corn.There is real（11） B that if we don't figure out how to stop them，that important crop will be ruined and people will starve."
Because much of their work is done outside，entomologists face certain（12） A .There is always the risk of being attacked by insects or（13） D an insect﹣borne illness.Moreover，entomologists are not always（14） B around insects.Miller admits to being scared of maggots（组）.
"That's something I haven't been able to（15） C ，" she says with a laugh."They make me as sick to my stomach as anyone else."
（1） A．rare B．huge C．beautiful D．harmful
（2） A．design B．damage C．clean D．admire
（3） A．important B．impossible C．simple D．adequate
（4） A．tip B．figure C．job D．vacation
（5） A．in search of B．in need of C．in favor of D．in charge of
（6） A．competition B．environment C．relationship D．diet
（7） A．connections B．backgrounds C．languages D．characteristics
（8） A．reduce B．control C．feed D．study
（9） A．learn B．reply C．agree D．regret
（10） A．watching B．protecting C．introducing D．eating
（11） A．hope B．concern C．doubt D．relief
（12） A．dangers B．truths C．chances D．changes
（13） A．helping with B．looking into C．referring to D．suffering from
（14） A．suitable B．comfortable C．familiar D．separate
（15） A．put off B．show off C．get over D．take over
【答案】（1）﹣（5）DBACA （6）﹣（10）BCADB （11）﹣（15）BADBC
【分析】本文是一篇科普类阅读，文章讲述了昆虫学家克里斯汀 米勒博士是如何研究昆虫的，以及她的工作特点和价值。
【解答】（1）D．考查形容词及语境理解。A．rare稀有的；B．huge 巨大的；C．beautiful 美丽的；D．harmful有害的。昆虫给农作物授粉，清除环境中的废物，吃蚊子等有害昆虫。根据下文 like mosquitoes可知是有害的。故选D。
（2）B．考查动词及语境理解。A．design设计；B．damage 损坏；C．clean 清理；D．admire 佩服。但是昆虫也能毁坏庄稼，破坏建筑物和传播疾病。根据上文 But insects can also destroy crops可知是损坏。故选B。
（3）A．考查形容词及语境理解。A．important重要的；B．impossible 不可能的；C．simple 简单的；D．adequate 足够的。有鉴于此，很容易看出昆虫学家的工作有多重要。故选A。
（4）C．考查名词及语境理解。A．tip建议，小费；B．figure 数字，人物；C．job 工作；D．vacation 假期。克里斯汀 米勒博士是一名昆虫学家，她在佛罗里达大学的昆虫研究工作使她环游世界寻找常见和稀有的昆虫．根据上文the work done by entomologists可知是工作。故选C。
（5）A．考查固定搭配及语境理解。A．in search of 寻找；B．in need of 需要；C．in favor of 赞成；D．in charge of 负责。克里斯汀 米勒博士是一名昆虫学家，她在佛罗里达大学的昆虫研究工作使她环游世界寻找常见和稀有的昆虫。故选A。
（6）B．考查名词及语境理解。A．competition竞争；B．environment 环境；C．relationship关系；D．diet饮食。她热爱自己的工作，想知道昆虫为什么会这样做，以及它们是如何通过成为其他动物的食物或分解废物而使环境健康的。故选B。
（7）D．考查名词及语境理解。A．connections连接；B．backgrounds 背景；C．languages 语言；D．characteristics 特征。收集昆虫并惊讶于它们独特的特性。故选D。
（8）C．考查动词及语境理解。A．reduce减少；B．control 控制；C．feed 喂养；D．study 学习，研究。如果我们想养活不断增长的人口。故选C。
（9）A．考查动词及语境理解。A．learn学习；B．reply 答复；C．agree 同意；D．regret 后悔。我们需要学会对付害虫。故选A。
（10）D．考查动词及语境理解。A．watching观看；B．protecting 保护；C．introducing 介绍；D．eating 吃；例如，现在粘虫正在非洲传播，吃玉米。根据后文that important crop will be ruined 可知是吃。故选D。
（11）B．考查名词及语境理解。A．hope希望；B．concern 担心，关心；C．doubt 怀疑；D．relief 救济。人们真正担心的是，如果我们不想办法阻止它们，那重要的农作物就会被毁，人们就会挨饿。根据下文 that important crop will be ruined 可知是担心。故选B。
（12）A．考查名词及语境理解。A．dangers危险；B．truths 真理；C．chances 机会；D．changes 变更。由于昆虫学家的大部分工作是在室外完成的，他们面临着一定的危险。根据下文There is always the risk of being attacked 可知是危险。故选A。
（13）D．考查动词短语及语境理解。A．helping with帮助；B．looking into 调查；C．referring to 指；D．suffering from 遭受。总有被昆虫袭击或患上虫媒疾病的风险。故选D。
（14）B．考查形容词及语境理解。A．suitable合适的；B．comfortable舒服的，舒适的；C．familiar 熟悉的；D．separate 分开的。此外，昆虫学家并不总是对昆虫感到舒服。根据下文Miller admits to being scared of maggots可知是有时候感觉也会不舒服。故选B。
（15）C．考查动词短语及语境理解。A．put off推迟；B．show off 炫耀；C．get over 克服，度过；D．take over 接管。这是我一直无法克服的。根据下文They make me as sick to my stomach as anyone else可知是无法克服。故选C。
【点评】考查完形填空。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合上下文及选项做出正确的选择。
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．（2024春 米东区校级月考）NATURE has many ways of reminding us who is in charge.Her most deadly weapons ﹣ bacteria，viruses，and parasites（寄生虫） ﹣ claim millions of lives every year.
But thanks to the hard work of great scientists，mankind could turn nature against itself.And it is for exactly this sort of work that the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Oct 5.
Half of the prize was awarded to the Irish William Campbell and the Japanese Satoshi Omura for discovering avermectin（阿维菌素），a drug that kills the parasitic worms that cause river blindness and lymphatic filariasis（象皮病）.Chinese scientist Tu Youyou shared the other half of the prize for developing Artemisinin，a drug that helps kill the parasite that causes malaria.
Omura is a microbiologist by training.He studied Streptomyces bacteria to find compounds（化合物） that work against harmful microbes（微生物）.Campbell，working in the US，took bacteria found by Omura and took out avermectin，which is effective against parasites in farm animals.An improved type of avermectin was later produced for humans，which greatly reduced the cases of river blindness and lymphatic filariasis.
Avermectin comes from bacteria，but artemisinin comes from plants.Its discovery was the result of Project 523，a Chinese government project to find a new malaria drug in the late 1960s.
Malaria is a mosquito﹣borne disease caused by parasites，which attack red blood cells，causing fever，and sometimes，brain damage and death.Tu and her team made 380 herbal extracts from 2，000 recipes from traditional Chinese medical books.In 1971，after more than 190 failures，Tu's team finally found an extract that was 100 percent effective against malaria parasites.It was called qinghaosu，later renamed artemisinin.In 2001，the World Health Organization named artemisinin the first choice in the treatment of malaria.
Millions of people are still troubled by infections caused by parasites.But the WHO said that by 2013，malaria deaths had fallen by 47 percent compared with 2000.Similarly，river blindness used to be one of the leading causes of preventable blindness.These days，doctors are talking about chances of wiping the disease off Earth.All of these achievements would not be possible at all without the drugs that Campbell，Omura and Tu helped to discover.
（1）The drug Tu Youyou developed，artemisinin，has proven effective in treating B .
A．river blindness
B．malaria
C．lymphatic filariasis
D．infections caused by Streptomyces bacteria
（2）Avermectin，discovered by Campbell and Omura，comes from A .
A．bacteria
B．plants
C．farm animals
D．ocean animals
（3）Which of the following is TRUE about the discovery of artemisinin？ C
A．It took Tu and her team about 10 years to discover artemisinin.
B．Tu and her team achieved success after about 380 failures.
C．Artemisinin has saved millions of people's lives since its discovery.
D．Artemisinin was discovered thanks to the efforts of scientists from at home and abroad.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文章主要向读者介绍了对于治疗人类疾病非常有效的药物。
【解答】（1）B.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，最后一句可知。Chinese scientist Tu Youyou shared the other half of the prize for developing Artemisinin，a drug that helps kill the parasite that causes malaria.中国科学家屠呦呦分享了另一半的奖金，他开发了青蒿素，一种有助于杀死引起疟疾的寄生虫的药物。可知，屠呦呦开发的青蒿素可有效的治疗疟疾，结合选项，故选B。
（2）A.细节理解题。根据文章第五段，Avermectin comes from bacteria，but artemisinin comes from plants.阿维菌素来自细菌，而青蒿素来自植物。可知，阿维菌素来自细菌，结合选项，故选A。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段，Millions of people are still troubled by infections caused by parasites.But the WHO said that by 2013，malaria deaths had fallen by 47 percent compared with 2000.数百万人仍然受到寄生虫感染的困扰。但世卫组织说，到2013年，疟疾死亡人数比2000年下降了47%。可知，青蒿素自发现以来，已挽救了数百万人的生命。结合选项，故选C。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．
3．（2024秋 官渡区校级期中）Modern medicine and the latest technology can save many lives.If you live in a country where healthcare is readily available and accessible，then your chances of recovering from illnesses or accidents are very good.But for many people in the US who are uninsured（无保险的），they can't afford these new medical treatments.That's why Doctor Demetrio Aguila in Norfolk lets poor patients pay for surgery（外科手术）through volunteer work.
"For years I had been doing surgery for patients and taking care of their health problems.Then I would find out months later，sometimes years later，that I had caused their financial ruin，" Aguila said.Serious illnesses can completely deplete a family's savings，leaving them no choice but to go bankrupt（破产）.
Then he formed Healing Hands M25 as a way to give poor patients the medical fees they need by donating their time to community service.The process is pretty simple.They practice partners with local charitable organizations.The patient picks the charity and donates his time and sweat；Aguila determines the amount of volunteer hours the patient has to complete."We've lowered the cost of healthcare.We've made it fair for everybody involved，" Aguila said.
The first patient to participate in the program was Jeffrey Jenson who worked for 560 hours to pay for surgery on his leg.Jenson asked his friends and family to help him complete the hours.Jenson said that his volunteer work greatly affected his life as much as the surgery."The M25 program is not about money﹣it's about if people come together to help other people，then the community becomes better，" said Jenson.
This program is a big win for the patients，the local community，and Dr Aguila who knows he has done everything he could to help his patients.
（1）How does Aguila make poor patients pay for surgery？ C
A．In cash.
B．Through an insurance company.
C．By doing volunteer work.
D．By serving the doctor.
（2）What does the underlined word "deplete" in Paragraph 2 mean？ B
A．Set aside.
B．Use up.
C．Cut down.
D．Add to.
（3）What is the third paragraph mainly about？ B
A．What Healing Hands M25 does.
B．How Healing Hands M25 works.
C．Why Aguila runs Healing Hands M25.
D．Why patients choose Healing Hands M25.
（4）What is Jenson's attitude towards the M25 program？ A
A．Positive
B．Negative.
C．Objective.
D．Unconcerned.
【答案】CBBA
【分析】现代医学和最新技术可以挽救许多生命。如果你生活在一个医疗保健唾手可得的国家，那么你从疾病或事故中康复的几率非常高。但对于许多没有保险的美国人来说，他们负担不起这些新的医疗费用。本文讲述诺福克的Demetrio Aguila医生让贫穷的病人通过志愿工作来支付手术费用。
【解答】（1）C.细节理解题。根据原文第一段That's why Doctor Demetrio Aguila in Norfolk lets poor patients pay for surgery through volunteer work.这就是诺福克的Demetrio Aguila医生让贫困患者通过志愿工作支付手术费用的原因。可知Aguila让贫困患者通过做志愿者工作支付手术费用。故选C。
（2）B.词义猜测题。根据原文第二段Then I would find out months later，sometimes years later，that I had caused their financial ruin，" Aguila said.Serious illnesses can completely deplete a family's savings，leaving them no choice but to go bankrupt.几个月后，有时是几年后，我会发现是我造成了他们的财务破产，"Aguila说。严重的疾病会____一个家庭的储蓄，让他们别无选择，只能破产。可知delate的意思是用尽、耗尽。结合选项：A.Set aside 留出…用于；B.Use up用光；C.Cut down削减；D.Add to添加。故选B。
（3）B.段落大意题。根据原文第三段Then he formed Healing Hands M25 as a way to give poor patients the medical fees they need by donating their time to community service.The process is pretty simple.They practice partners with local charitable organizations.The patient picks the charity and donates his time and sweat；Aguila determines the amount of volunteer hours the patient has to complete."We've lowered the cost of healthcare.We've made it fair for everybody involved，" Aguila said.然后，他成立了"治愈之手M25"，通过将时间贡献给社区服务，为贫困患者提供所需的医疗费用。这个过程非常简单。他们与当地慈善组织合作。患者选择慈善机构，贡献自己的时间和汗水；Aguila决定患者必须完成的志愿者小时数。"我们已经降低了医疗保健的成本，我们已经为所有参与的人提供了公平的待遇，"Aguila说。可知本段讲述了"治愈之手M25"是如何运作的。故选B。
（4）A.情感态度题。根据原文第四段Jenson said that his volunteer work greatly affected his life as much as the surgery."The M25 program is not about money﹣it's about if people come together to help other people，then the community becomes better，" said Jenson.简森说，他的志愿者工作就像手术一样对他的生活影响很大。"M25项目不是为了钱，而是如果人们团结起来帮助其他人，社区就会变得更好，"简森说。可知他对此是持积极态度的，结合选项：A.Positive积极的；B.Negative消极的；C.Objective客观的；D.Unconcerned不关心的。故选A。
【点评】阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
4．（2024秋 武江区校级月考）The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past.With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones，writing by hand has become something of nostalgic （怀旧的）skill.However，while today's educators are using more and more technology in their teaching，many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful﹣﹣﹣both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger，professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington，says it's important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks﹣﹣﹣both on a computer and by hand.The study，published in 2009，found that when writing with a pen and paper，participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
In a more recent study，Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. "Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary，word meaning and concepts.It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas." Berninger said.
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe（转换） "those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen，" the study said.Seeing the words in the "mind's eye" helps children not only to turn their ideas into words，says Berninger，but also to spot spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time.
"In our computer age，some people believe that we don't have to teach spelling because we have spell checks，" she said. "But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level，they won't have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer."
（1）What makes writing by hand a thing of the past？ B
A．The absence of blackboard in classroom.
B．The use of new technologies in teaching.
C．The lack of practice in handwriting.
D．The popular use of smartphones.
（2）Which of the following best shows the role of spelling？ B
A．Spelling improves one's memory of words.
B．Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.
C．Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.
D．Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.
（3）What does "mind's eye" in paragraph 5 mean？ D
A．Window.
B．Soul.
C．Picture.
D．Imagination.
（4）What conclusion could be drawn from the passage？ C
A．Computers can help people with their choice of words.
B．Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.
C．Handwriting still has a place in today's classrooms.
D．Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.
【答案】BBDC
【分析】本文是一篇说明文阅读。讲述的是随着电脑和智能手机等新技术的到来，手写这一技能在当今的形势。文章还多次引用了Virginia Berninger和她同事的研究结果以及她的观点，最后得出了"手写在如今的课堂上仍有一定的地位"的结论。
【解答】（1）B．细节理解题。根据文章的第一段：The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past.With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones，writing by hand has become something of a nostalgic （怀旧的） skill.学生们不断地从黑板上抄写字母和句子的实践已经成为过去式了。随着电脑和智能手机等新技术的到来，手写已成为一种怀旧的技能。由这句话可知是因为我们生活中新科技的使用导致了"手写"成为了过去式。再根据题中选项可知B项准确。故选B。
（2）B．推断理解题。根据文中第三段："Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active，which helps us access our vocabulary，word meaning and concepts.It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas."Berninger said."拼写使一些大脑的思考部分活跃，这有助于我们使用我们的词汇，词的意义和概念这让我们的书面语言连接到思想。"Berninger说；在结合题中选项，可知拼写能力与写作能力密切相关更能体现拼写的作用。故选B。
（3）D．词义猜测题。根据第五段中"Seeing the words in the"mind's eye"helps children not only to turn their ideas into words，but also to notice spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time."可知用内心去看这些单词，不仅能帮助学生们将思想变成文字，而且也能注意到拼写的错误和正确的书写。联系本意：思想的眼睛则为想像之意。A.Window.窗户；B．Soul.灵魂；C．Picture.画；D．Imagination.想象。故选D。
（4）C．推理判断题。根据第一段特别是最后一句中"many believe handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful﹣﹣both in school and in life."句意：有许多人相信写作技能在学校与生活中依然有必要学的。和文章的最后一段，首段说明随着新技术的到来，手写已经成为过去，之后文章中部提到手写的好处，最后一段进一步阐明书写的重要。可知：手写在如今的课堂上仍有一定的地位。故选C。
【点评】1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
5．（2022春 红山区校级期中）"They tell me that you'd like to make a statue（塑像）of me ﹣﹣is that correct，Miss Vinnie Ream？"
The deep，gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl.Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter，especially for a seventeen﹣year﹣old girl.
"Yes，sir，she replied，her dark eyes meeting his.I wouldn't have dared to ask you，but my teacher，Mr.Mills，says I am ready.I plan to make it in an admirable manner."
President Lincoln smiled. "Painters，sculptors ﹣ they've all tried to make the best of this ordinary face，but I'm afraid there's not much hope.What did you have in mind，Miss Ream？A bust（半身像）？"
Before Vinnie could say yes，the President hurried on，a shade of apology in his voice. "Of course ﹣I shouldn't have asked.A full﹣length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size."
Vinnie's face turned red.She realized she looked like a child，with her tiny figure. "Small does not mean weak，sir，" she defended herself. "I was born in the country of Wisconsin.I've driven teams of horses and carried water.Making a full﹣length clay （粘土） figure would not exhaust my strength —and that is what I intend to do!"
The President's eyes，brightened at her show of spirit. "Sorry，madam，I have underestimated you as I didn't know your background."
But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers，in thought."Miss Ream，"he sighed， "I'd like to let you do it，but as you know，we are in the middle of a war.How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now？I hardly have a minute to myself."
Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office."I work quickly，" she said.Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows."If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon，I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk."
The President seemed to consider her idea seriously.He got up and shook Vinnie's hand warmly， "I've heard that you are a talented young woman，and I have found you charming and intelligent as well.I cannot make my decision immediately，but you will hear from me soon."
The very next day，Vinnie received an invitation from the President.
（1）What gave Vinnie confidence to make her request of President Lincoln？ B
A．Her aggressive personality.
B．Mr.Mills's encouraging remark.
C．President Lincoln's gentle voice.
D．Her interest in a challenging job.
（2）How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnie's request？ D
A．Pleased.
B．Thrilled.
C．Regretful.
D．Doubtful.
（3）Vinnie wanted to choose the corner near the windows to D .
A．achieve effects of natural lighting
B．keep all her tools within easy reach
C．observe the President at a right angle
D．avoid disturbing the President's work
（4）What message does the story convey？ A
A．A strong﹣willed soul can reach his goal.
B．Experience helps to promote excellence.
C．Ups and downs make one strong.
D．Devotion requires enthusiasm.
【答案】BDDA
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一位17岁的来自威斯康星州的少女维尼为第十六任美国总统林肯塑像的故事。在两人的对话过程中，自信的维尼用自己的智慧和应变能力，打消了总统的顾虑，说服了总统自己是有能力在他日理万机的行程中为他塑像的。
【解答】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第三段 I wouldn't have dared to ask you，but my teacher，Mr.Mills，says I am ready.I plan to make it in an admirable manner.（我不敢问你，但是我的老师Mr.Mills说我准备好了。我打算以一种令人钦佩的方式实现它。）可知，是米尔斯老师的鼓励性话语给了维尼信心，让她有信心向林肯总统提出要求。故选B。
（2）D.推理判断题。根据第四段President Lincoln smiled. "Painters，sculptors ﹣ they've all tried to make the best of this ordinary face，but I'm afraid there's not much hope.What did you have in mind，Miss Ream？A bust（半身像）？"（林肯总统笑了："画家、雕塑家——他们都试图把这张普通的脸画得更好，但恐怕希望不大了。你有什么想法，利姆小姐？做半身像吗？"）以及第五段Before Vinnie could say yes，the President hurried on，a shade of apology in his voice. "Of course ﹣I shouldn't have asked.A full﹣length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size."（维尼还没来得及说"是"，总统就带着一丝歉意，匆匆说道："当然——我不该问的。对于你这种身材的年轻女性来说，做一个展示全身的雕像是个相当大的工程。"）可知，无论是从雕塑的大小还是雕塑者的体量上，总统都不抱有希望，由此可见林肯总统一开始持质疑的态度（Doubtful）。故选D。
（3）D.推理判断题。根据第八段I'd like to let you do it，but as you know，we are in the middle of a war.How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now？I hardly have a minute to myself.（我很想让你这么做，但你也知道，我们正处于战争之中。我现在怎么可能有时间来为做雕塑去摆姿势呢？我几乎没有一分钟属于自己的时间。）以及第九段Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office."I work quickly，" she said.Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows."If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon，I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk."（维尼环顾四周，注意到他办公室的大小。"我干得很快，"她说。她指着窗边的角落，声音柔和而自信："如果我把我的粘土带到这里，每天下午工作3个小时，我就可以在你坐在办公桌前的时候完成大部分项目。"）可推测出，总统表示自己工作繁忙，无法抽出时间来制作雕塑。因此，维尼是为了避免打扰总统的日常工作而选择在靠近窗户的角落来制作雕塑。故选D。
（4）A.主旨大意题。根据最后一段The very next day，Vinnie received an invitation from the President.（就在第二天，Vinnie收到了总统的邀请。）以及全文内容可知，维尼通过据理力争，赢得了为总统制作全身雕塑的机会。她的经历向我们证明了，有志者事竟成。故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2024秋 南阳校级月考）"Nature does not hurry，yet everything is accomplished．"﹣Lao Tzu
If you are in a city where everyone rushes，realize that you don't have to be like everyone else．You can be different．You can walk instead of driving in rush hour traffic．You can be on your iPhone or Blackberry less，and disconnected sometimes．Your environment doesn't control your life﹣you do．I'm not going to tell you how to give you a step﹣by﹣step guide to moving slower．（1） E
Do less．
Cut back on your projects，on your task list，on how much you try to do each day．Focus not on quantity but on quality．（2） B Save smaller，routine tasks for later in the day，but give yourself time to focus．
Have fewer meetings．
（3） D And they eat into your day，forcing you to squeeze the things you really need to do into small windows，and making you rush．
（4） F When you do the important things with focus，without rush，there will be things that get pushed back，and that don't get done．And you need to ask yourself：how necessary are these things？What would happen if I stopped doing them？
Practice mindfulness．
Simply learn to live in the present，rather than things so much about future or the past．When you eat，fully appreciate your food．When you are with someone，be with them fully．When you are walking，appreciate your surroundings，no matter where you are．
Try these things out．Life is better when unrushed．（5） A
A．Remember the quote：if nature can get everything done without rushing，so can you．
B．Pick 2﹣3 important things﹣or even just one important thing﹣and work on those first．
C．The world likely won't end if you don't pass one of the examinations．
D．Meetings are usually a"big waste of time"．
E．But here are some things to consider and perhaps adopt，if they work for your life．
F．Start to put off or cancel the unnecessary．
G．Give yourself more time to get ready and get there．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文告诉我们生活不要太匆忙，要让自己适当地闲下来，把生活中的那些不是很重要的事情放在一边，或者就是不要去做．
【解答】（1）E 细节理解题，根据上句I'm not going to tell you how to give you a step﹣by﹣step guide可知我不会给你一步步地指导，而是给你一些也许你会采纳和考虑的建议．故选E．
（2）B 细节理解题，根据下一句Save smaller，routine tasks for later in the day说明把一些小的，不是很重要的事情放在以后再做，故F项，也就是把重要的事情先做起来，故选B．
（3）D 细节理解题，根据上一句Have fewer meetings说明要我们少开会，那么这一句就应该是说明开会的坏处，故选D．
（4）F 细节理解题，根据本段there will be things that get pushed back，and that don't get done．And you need to ask yourself：how necessary are these things？What would happen if I stopped doing them？说明我们要把那些不是很重要的事情推迟到以后再做，甚至是把那些不需要的事情取消掉，故选F．
（5）A 细节理解题，本句与本文的第一句"Nature does not hurry，yet everything is accomplished．"﹣﹣﹣Lao Tzu形成呼应的关系，故选A．
【点评】考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（2024秋 江北区校级月考）Tea is an important part of Chinese tradition.As Chinese society develops，tea production has played a role in （1） driving （drive） the economy forward while tea consumption has remained a practice of daily life.
The practice of tea culture can bring the spirit and wisdom of human beings to a（2） higher （high） level.What's more，tea has an （3） extremely （extreme）close relationship to Chinese culture，and its study covers a wide field and has a very rich content.There is no doubt （4） that it has been beneficial in improving people's social achievements and （5） appreciation （appreciate）of art.
The history of Chinese tea is（6） a long and gradual story of improvement.Generations of growers and producers （7） have improved （improve）the Chinese way of making tea so far，and the quality of tea is judged on the color，fragrance（香味）and flavor，the water quality and even the tea set.
Drinking tea（8） offers （offer）a lot of benefits.For example，it refreshes（使恢复精力）the mind and clears heat in the human body.If you intend （9） to lose （lose）weight，you can drink tea，which is helpful（10） to some degree.
【答案】（1）driving（2）higher（3）extremely（4）that（5）appreciation（6）a（7）have improved（8）offers（9）to lose（10）to
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述茶与中国文化的密切关系及喝茶的好处。
【解答】（1）driving.考查动名词。句意：随着中国社会的发展，茶叶生产对经济发展起到了推动作用，而茶叶消费仍然是人们日常生活的一种方式。分析句子可知，此处用动名词作介词in的宾语，故填driving。
（2）higher.考查比较级。句意：茶文化的实践可以把人类的精神和智慧提升到一个更高的水平。结合句意可知，此处表示"更高的"，故用比较级，故填higher。
（3）extremely.考查副词。句意：此外，茶与中国文化有着极为密切的关系，其研究领域十分广泛，内容十分丰富。分析句子可知，此处修饰形容词close，故用副词修饰形容词，故填extremely。
（4）that.考查固定句式。句意：毫无疑问，它有助于提高人们的社会成就和对艺术的欣赏。固定句式There is no doubt that...表示"毫无疑问..."，其中that引导同位语从句，故填that。
（5）appreciation.考查名词。句意：毫无疑问，它有助于提高人们的社会成就和对艺术的欣赏。分析句子可知，此处与achievements 并列作动词improving的宾语，故用名词作宾语，故填appreciation。
（6）a.考查冠词。句意：中国茶叶的历史是一个漫长而渐进的进步过程。结合句意可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词，long为辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
（7）have improved.考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，一代又一代的种植者和生产者已经改进了中国制茶的方法，茶叶的质量是根据颜色、香味、水质甚至茶具来判断的。时间状语为so far，句子用现在完成时，故填have improved。
（8）offers.考查主谓一致。句意：喝茶有很多好处。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语为Drinking tea，谓语动词用三单形式，故填offers。
（9）to lose.考查动词不定式。句意：如果你想减肥，你可以喝茶，这在一定程度上是有帮助的。intend to do表示"想要做某事"符合句意，故填to lose。
（10）to.考查介词。句意：如果你想减肥，你可以喝茶，这在一定程度上是有帮助的。固定搭配to some degree表示"在一定程度上"，故填to。
【点评】解答此类题目应先浏览全文，概括大意，再根据句子间的提示以及括号内的汉语提示或首字母提示，依据语法规则和行为逻辑来推测并填写合适的词语。
五．单词拼写（共5小题）
8．（2024秋 南京模拟）In the beginning，Tu Youyou went to Hainan， where malaria was more common （在那里疟疾更常见），to study malaria patients.
【答案】where malaria was more common
【分析】起初，屠呦呦去了疟疾比较常见的海南，研究疟疾患者。
【解答】答案：where malaria was more common.分析句子可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Hainan，在从句中作地点状语，故用where来引导定语从句；结合句意可知，从句在描述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时；形容词common表示"常见的"。
故答案为where malaria was more common。
【点评】对于这种题型，要分析句子意思，再从结构和意义上对答案进行确定。
9．（2024秋 海曙区校级期中）How can you extract （提取） this information and make good use of it？
【答案】extract
【分析】你是如何提取信息并利用他们的？
【解答】答案：extract。根据提示词可知，横线部分为谓语动词"提取"，前边有情态动词，故应填动词原形。
故答案为：extract。
【点评】对于这种题型，要分析句子意思，再从结构和意义上对答案进行确定。
10．（2024秋 大埔县期中） Apparently （看来）， we have to change all the labels on the books during the next week.
【答案】Apparently
【分析】看来，下周我们得把书上所有的标签都换掉。
【解答】答案：Apparently.副词apparently修饰句子。故填：Apparently.
【点评】考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺．
11．（2024秋 大埔县期中）As is known to all，talent and hard work are both crucial （至关重要的） to career success.
【答案】crucial
【分析】众所周知，天赋和努力都是事业成功的关键。
【解答】答案：crucial.根据汉语提示"至关重要的"和句子结构可知，此处应填入形容词充当表语，"至关重要的"的英语是形容词crucial，故填crucial。
【点评】要在理解句子结构和含义的基础上根据汉语意思选择恰当的词、短语或句型；同时注意所选词的形式变化。
12．（2022春 白云区校级月考）Everyone could see the passion （热情） in his approach to the work.
【答案】passion
【分析】每个人都能从他的工作方法中看到热情。
【解答】答案：passion.分析句子可知，此处作动词see的宾语，且空前有the，故用名词passion表示"热情"作宾语，且passion为不可数名词，故用原形。
故答案为passion。
【点评】对于这种题型，要分析句子意思，再从结构和意义上对答案进行确定。
六．词性转换（共5小题）
13．（2024秋 响水县校级期末）Generally，it is acknowledged （acknowledge）that the shortest distance between people is a sincere smile.
【答案】is acknowledged
【分析】一般认为，人与人之间最短的距离就是一个真诚的微笑。
【解答】答案：is acknowledged.It is acknowledged that……是一个句型，意为"人们认为……"。故填：is acknowledged。
【点评】考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
14．（2024秋 惠州期末）The national park has a large collection of wildlife， ranging （range） from butterflies to elephants．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】国家公园有很多野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象．
【解答】答案：ranging．考查单词填空．此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词作定语．故填ranging．
【点评】对于用所给词的适当形式填空，答题时要做到：A．明确所给词的词性；B．弄清所给句子的意思；C．确定空白处所需的词性D．正确写出所填的词．
15．（2024秋 集美区校级期中）This year has seen a number of remarkable （remark） business stories in China，including some masters such as Alibaba and Huawei.
【答案】remarkable
【分析】今年，中国出现了许多引人注目的商业故事，其中包括阿里巴巴（Alibaba）和华为（Huawei）等大师级企业。
【解答】答案：remarkable.分析句子可知，所填词作定语修饰名词business stories，应用所给词的形容词remarkable"非凡的；引人注目的"，故填remarkable.
【点评】做单词填空题，首先要弄清所给句子的意思，确定空白处所需的词性，结合语境做出合乎语法和惯用法的词形变化，填写拼写正确的单词。
16．（2024秋 集美区校级期中） Drafting （draft） contracts is actually one of the simple pleasures of practising law.
【答案】Drafting
【分析】起草合同实际上是执业律师的一种简单乐趣。
【解答】答案：Drafting.分析句子可知，____（draft） contracts作主语，表达一个已知的事实，应用动名词短语，因在句首，首字母需大写，故填Drafting.
【点评】做单词填空题，首先要弄清所给句子的意思，确定空白处所需的词性，结合语境做出合乎语法和惯用法的词形变化，填写拼写正确的单词。
17．（2024秋 香坊区校级月考）Being the coach of the new team，I was excited because I knew we were going to win，but to my disappointment we were defeated （defeat）.
【答案】were defeated
【分析】作为新球队的教练，我很兴奋，因为我知道我们会赢，但令我失望的是我们输了。
【解答】答案：were defeated.本句中but连接两个并列的句子，设空处在but后面的分句中作谓语，所给词defeat的意思是"击败；战胜"，是及物动词，主语we与动词defeat之间为被动关系，根据前面分句中谓语部分was excited可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态were defeated，故填were defeated.
【点评】做单词填空题，首先要明确所给词的词性，弄清所给句子的意思，分析句子结构确定空白处所需的词性，结合语境做出合乎语法和惯用法的词形变化，最后填写拼写正确的单词。
七．书面表达（共2小题）
18．（2024春 武陵区校级期末）假定你是李华，想邀请英国交换生David下周一参加你校举办的"科技节"，并观赏学生们的 "科技小发明"．请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1．写信意图；
2．活动时间和地点；
3．活动目的和内容；
4．表达希望．
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
参考词汇：科技小发明：technology gadgets
Dear David，
I'm glad to invite you to the Science Festival_______
Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】高分句型
1．I'm glad to invite you to the Science Festival to be held in our school next Monday to enjoy the students' technology gadgets．
句子里，动词不定式to invite you to the Science Festival做原因状语；动词不定式 to be held in our school next Monday做定语；动词不定式 to enjoy the students' technology gadgets做目的状语．
我很高兴邀请你参加下周一在我们学校举行的科学节，欣赏学生们的科技产品．
2．What's more，some excellent student inventors will introduce the functions of their technology gadgets and perform them on the spot，which I think will be the most exciting part．
句子里，代指主句some excellent student inventors will introduce the functions of their technology gadgets and perform them on the spot，关系词which引导非限制性定语从句 I think will be the most exciting part．
更重要的是，一些优秀的学生发明家将介绍他们的技术小工具的功能，并进行现场表演，我认为这将是最令人兴奋的部分．
【解答】Dear David，
I'm glad to invite you to the Science Festival to be held in our school next Monday to enjoy the students' technology gadgets．【高分句型一】（提出邀请）
The Science Festival is scheduled to take place on the playground from 8 a．m．to 11 a．m．，lasting three hours．Its purpose is to encourage us students to think creatively as well as share our works with others．At this festival，you can enjoy various gadgets which are of great use in our daily life．What's more，some excellent student inventors will introduce the functions of their technology gadgets and perform them on the spot，which I think will be the most exciting part．【高分句型二】（介绍活动时间和地点以及活动目的和内容）
I would appreciate it if you could join in the coming Science Festival．Looking forward to your reply and expecting your coming．（表达希望）
Yours，
Li Hua
【点评】本文属于提纲作文，动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．
19．（2024春 天心区校级月考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
It was after midnight last December and we were driving home from a party.The weather had been awful，with the rain pouring on our 40﹣minute journey there.Paul，my husband，was driving our Ford Ranger pickup truck and my seven﹣year﹣old son，Silas，was in the back.
What was so frightening was the speed of it.One minute we were halfway home，the next there was water going up over the bonnet（引擎盖）.The rushing water lifted our car up and pushed it back against a hedge（树篱）.I felt frightened by the power of the water，and Paul was trying to control the truck.
Water was instantly around my ankles.I reached my hand back and felt it around Silas's.Paul climbed out through a window，at which point Silas woke up，confused.I managed to pass him through the window to Paul，who was now on the truck's roof.
Paul told me I needed to get out，but I couldn't open the door.I attempted to push my body through the driver's window and cling on to the support between the windows.Paul grabbed my hood（兜帽）to help but in vain.I could hear Silas crying，so I told him to let go﹣ Silas needed him.He refused，but I insisted﹣ I wanted to know Silas would be safe.As I saw his empty outstretched hands，the water took me away.I was a strong swimmer but I had no option but to be carried away by the rapids.Shocked，I gasped for breath and tried to keep my head above water.
It was extremely dark but I could just make out trees.As I passed，I reached out and grabbed two slim branches and hugged the tree with my knees.
My plan was just to hold on.Not knowing if Paul and Silas were dead or alive，I thought that if they did survive they would need me.I wondered who would come to my rescue.
Paragraph 1：
After nearly 40 minutes，I saw a small spotlight.__________.
Paragraph 2：
As I rose to my feet，I hugged my rescuers.__________.
【答案】Paragraph 1：
After nearly 40 minutes，I saw a small spotlight.I started to yell and wave my hand for help.Someone glimpsed my movement and a firefighter tried to talk to me，but I couldn't hear her above the roar of the water.Eventually，the light of a helicopter made me out in the tree.Guided to me by the helicopter，the rescue team managed to steer the boat to my shoulder.Four strong arms lifted me into the boat and I felt extreme relief and safety.
Paragraph 1：
As I rose to my feet，I hugged my rescuers.I looked up to see an amazing array of 50 service personnel.I had no idea such activity had been taking place for me.My husband，who had been rescued with my son，was nearby with a policewoman.She comforted him that so long as they could hear me，there was hope.I felt so high，I thanked everyone.In the isolation of that tree，I found a strength of character I didn't know I possessed.
【分析】文章讲述了我和丈夫Paul、儿子Silas在12月的午夜过后，开完派对开车回家的路上所遭遇的意外。我们遭遇了大暴雨，将车淹没。在逃生过程中，我被水流冲走，和丈夫儿子分离。幸运的是，我紧紧地抓住了两根纤细的树枝。用膝盖抱着那棵树。
高级句型一：
Guided to me by the helicopter，the rescue team managed to steer the boat to my shoulder.
翻译：在直升机的引导下，救援队设法成功把船开到我身旁。
分析：本句话使用过去分词短语作状语。
高分句型二：
My husband，who had been rescued with my son，was nearby with a policewoman.
翻译：我的丈夫和我的儿子一起被救出来，他和一名女警察在附近。
分析：本句话使用了who引导的非限制性定语从句。
【解答】Paragraph 1：
After nearly 40 minutes，I saw a small spotlight.I started to yell and wave my hand for help.Someone glimpsed my movement and a firefighter tried to talk to me，but I couldn't hear her above the roar of the water.Eventually，the light of a helicopter made me out in the tree.Guided to me by the helicopter，the rescue team managed to steer the boat to my shoulder.（高分句型一） Four strong arms lif
Unit 1 People of Achievement
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．Insects are everywhere.Insects pollinate（给......授粉）crops，remove waste from the environment and eat（1） insects like mosquitoes.But insects can also destroy crops，（2） buildings and spread disease.With that in mind，it's easy to see just how（3） the work done by entomologists（昆虫学家）is.
Dr Christine Miller is an entomologist，whose（4） as an insect researcher at the University of Florida takes her around the world（5） insects both common and rare.She loves her job and wants to know why insects do what they do and how they make the（6） healthy by becoming food for other animals or breaking down waste.
Miller's interest in insects started when she was young，collecting insects and surprised at their unique（7） .Miller attended Wesleyan University，where she at first joined a research laboratory studying plants.She soon realized insects were "more interesting and powerful".
"Insects are an important part of our world，" Miller says."If we want to（8） our growing population，we need to（9） to deal with insect pests.For example，right now armyworms are spreading through Africa （10） corn.There is real（11） that if we don't figure out how to stop them，that important crop will be ruined and people will starve."
Because much of their work is done outside，entomologists face certain（12） .There is always the risk of being attacked by insects or（13） an insect﹣borne illness.Moreover，entomologists are not always（14） around insects.Miller admits to being scared of maggots（组）.
"That's something I haven't been able to（15） ，" she says with a laugh."They make me as sick to my stomach as anyone else."
（1） A．rare B．huge C．beautiful D．harmful
（2） A．design B．damage C．clean D．admire
（3） A．important B．impossible C．simple D．adequate
（4） A．tip B．figure C．job D．vacation
（5） A．in search of B．in need of C．in favor of D．in charge of
（6） A．competition B．environment C．relationship D．diet
（7） A．connections B．backgrounds C．languages D．characteristics
（8） A．reduce B．control C．feed D．study
（9） A．learn B．reply C．agree D．regret
（10） A．watching B．protecting C．introducing D．eating
（11） A．hope B．concern C．doubt D．relief
（12） A．dangers B．truths C．chances D．changes
（13） A．helping with B．looking into C．referring to D．suffering from
（14） A．suitable B．comfortable C．familiar D．separate
（15） A．put off B．show off C．get over D．take over
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．（2024春 米东区校级月考）NATURE has many ways of reminding us who is in charge.Her most deadly weapons ﹣ bacteria，viruses，and parasites（寄生虫） ﹣ claim millions of lives every year.
But thanks to the hard work of great scientists，mankind could turn nature against itself.And it is for exactly this sort of work that the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Oct 5.
Half of the prize was awarded to the Irish William Campbell and the Japanese Satoshi Omura for discovering avermectin（阿维菌素），a drug that kills the parasitic worms that cause river blindness and lymphatic filariasis（象皮病）.Chinese scientist Tu Youyou shared the other half of the prize for developing Artemisinin，a drug that helps kill the parasite that causes malaria.
Omura is a microbiologist by training.He studied Streptomyces bacteria to find compounds（化合物） that work against harmful microbes（微生物）.Campbell，working in the US，took bacteria found by Omura and took out avermectin，which is effective against parasites in farm animals.An improved type of avermectin was later produced for humans，which greatly reduced the cases of river blindness and lymphatic filariasis.
Avermectin comes from bacteria，but artemisinin comes from plants.Its discovery was the result of Project 523，a Chinese government project to find a new malaria drug in the late 1960s.
Malaria is a mosquito﹣borne disease caused by parasites，which attack red blood cells，causing fever，and sometimes，brain damage and death.Tu and her team made 380 herbal extracts from 2，000 recipes from traditional Chinese medical books.In 1971，after more than 190 failures，Tu's team finally found an extract that was 100 percent effective against malaria parasites.It was called qinghaosu，later renamed artemisinin.In 2001，the World Health Organization named artemisinin the first choice in the treatment of malaria.
Millions of people are still troubled by infections caused by parasites.But the WHO said that by 2013，malaria deaths had fallen by 47 percent compared with 2000.Similarly，river blindness used to be one of the leading causes of preventable blindness.These days，doctors are talking about chances of wiping the disease off Earth.All of these achievements would not be possible at all without the drugs that Campbell，Omura and Tu helped to discover.
（1）The drug Tu Youyou developed，artemisinin，has proven effective in treating .
A．river blindness
B．malaria
C．lymphatic filariasis
D．infections caused by Streptomyces bacteria
（2）Avermectin，discovered by Campbell and Omura，comes from .
A．bacteria
B．plants
C．farm animals
D．ocean animals
（3）Which of the following is TRUE about the discovery of artemisinin？
A．It took Tu and her team about 10 years to discover artemisinin.
B．Tu and her team achieved success after about 380 failures.
C．Artemisinin has saved millions of people's lives since its discovery.
D．Artemisinin was discovered thanks to the efforts of scientists from at home and abroad.
3．（2024秋 官渡区校级期中）Modern medicine and the latest technology can save many lives.If you live in a country where healthcare is readily available and accessible，then your chances of recovering from illnesses or accidents are very good.But for many people in the US who are uninsured（无保险的），they can't afford these new medical treatments.That's why Doctor Demetrio Aguila in Norfolk lets poor patients pay for surgery（外科手术）through volunteer work.
"For years I had been doing surgery for patients and taking care of their health problems.Then I would find out months later，sometimes years later，that I had caused their financial ruin，" Aguila said.Serious illnesses can completely deplete a family's savings，leaving them no choice but to go bankrupt（破产）.
Then he formed Healing Hands M25 as a way to give poor patients the medical fees they need by donating their time to community service.The process is pretty simple.They practice partners with local charitable organizations.The patient picks the charity and donates his time and sweat；Aguila determines the amount of volunteer hours the patient has to complete."We've lowered the cost of healthcare.We've made it fair for everybody involved，" Aguila said.
The first patient to participate in the program was Jeffrey Jenson who worked for 560 hours to pay for surgery on his leg.Jenson asked his friends and family to help him complete the hours.Jenson said that his volunteer work greatly affected his life as much as the surgery."The M25 program is not about money﹣it's about if people come together to help other people，then the community becomes better，" said Jenson.
This program is a big win for the patients，the local community，and Dr Aguila who knows he has done everything he could to help his patients.
（1）How does Aguila make poor patients pay for surgery？
A．In cash.
B．Through an insurance company.
C．By doing volunteer work.
D．By serving the doctor.
（2）What does the underlined word "deplete" in Paragraph 2 mean？
A．Set aside.
B．Use up.
C．Cut down.
D．Add to.
（3）What is the third paragraph mainly about？
A．What Healing Hands M25 does.
B．How Healing Hands M25 works.
C．Why Aguila runs Healing Hands M25.
D．Why patients choose Healing Hands M25.
（4）What is Jenson's attitude towards the M25 program？
A．Positive
B．Negative.
C．Objective.
D．Unconcerned.
4．（2024秋 武江区校级月考）The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past.With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones，writing by hand has become something of nostalgic （怀旧的）skill.However，while today's educators are using more and more technology in their teaching，many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful﹣﹣﹣both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger，professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington，says it's important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks﹣﹣﹣both on a computer and by hand.The study，published in 2009，found that when writing with a pen and paper，participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
In a more recent study，Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. "Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary，word meaning and concepts.It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas." Berninger said.
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe（转换） "those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen，" the study said.Seeing the words in the "mind's eye" helps children not only to turn their ideas into words，says Berninger，but also to spot spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time.
"In our computer age，some people believe that we don't have to teach spelling because we have spell checks，" she said. "But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level，they won't have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer."
（1）What makes writing by hand a thing of the past？
A．The absence of blackboard in classroom.
B．The use of new technologies in teaching.
C．The lack of practice in handwriting.
D．The popular use of smartphones.
（2）Which of the following best shows the role of spelling？
A．Spelling improves one's memory of words.
B．Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.
C．Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.
D．Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.
（3）What does "mind's eye" in paragraph 5 mean？
A．Window.
B．Soul.
C．Picture.
D．Imagination.
（4）What conclusion could be drawn from the passage？
A．Computers can help people with their choice of words.
B．Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.
C．Handwriting still has a place in today's classrooms.
D．Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.
5．（2022春 红山区校级期中）"They tell me that you'd like to make a statue（塑像）of me ﹣﹣is that correct，Miss Vinnie Ream？"
The deep，gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl.Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter，especially for a seventeen﹣year﹣old girl.
"Yes，sir，she replied，her dark eyes meeting his.I wouldn't have dared to ask you，but my teacher，Mr.Mills，says I am ready.I plan to make it in an admirable manner."
President Lincoln smiled. "Painters，sculptors ﹣ they've all tried to make the best of this ordinary face，but I'm afraid there's not much hope.What did you have in mind，Miss Ream？A bust（半身像）？"
Before Vinnie could say yes，the President hurried on，a shade of apology in his voice. "Of course ﹣I shouldn't have asked.A full﹣length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size."
Vinnie's face turned red.She realized she looked like a child，with her tiny figure. "Small does not mean weak，sir，" she defended herself. "I was born in the country of Wisconsin.I've driven teams of horses and carried water.Making a full﹣length clay （粘土） figure would not exhaust my strength —and that is what I intend to do!"
The President's eyes，brightened at her show of spirit. "Sorry，madam，I have underestimated you as I didn't know your background."
But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers，in thought."Miss Ream，"he sighed， "I'd like to let you do it，but as you know，we are in the middle of a war.How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now？I hardly have a minute to myself."
Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office."I work quickly，" she said.Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows."If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon，I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk."
The President seemed to consider her idea seriously.He got up and shook Vinnie's hand warmly， "I've heard that you are a talented young woman，and I have found you charming and intelligent as well.I cannot make my decision immediately，but you will hear from me soon."
The very next day，Vinnie received an invitation from the President.
（1）What gave Vinnie confidence to make her request of President Lincoln？
A．Her aggressive personality.
B．Mr.Mills's encouraging remark.
C．President Lincoln's gentle voice.
D．Her interest in a challenging job.
（2）How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnie's request？
A．Pleased.
B．Thrilled.
C．Regretful.
D．Doubtful.
（3）Vinnie wanted to choose the corner near the windows to .
A．achieve effects of natural lighting
B．keep all her tools within easy reach
C．observe the President at a right angle
D．avoid disturbing the President's work
（4）What message does the story convey？
A．A strong﹣willed soul can reach his goal.
B．Experience helps to promote excellence.
C．Ups and downs make one strong.
D．Devotion requires enthusiasm.
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2024秋 南阳校级月考）"Nature does not hurry，yet everything is accomplished．"﹣Lao Tzu
If you are in a city where everyone rushes，realize that you don't have to be like everyone else．You can be different．You can walk instead of driving in rush hour traffic．You can be on your iPhone or Blackberry less，and disconnected sometimes．Your environment doesn't control your life﹣you do．I'm not going to tell you how to give you a step﹣by﹣step guide to moving slower．（1）
Do less．
Cut back on your projects，on your task list，on how much you try to do each day．Focus not on quantity but on quality．（2） Save smaller，routine tasks for later in the day，but give yourself time to focus．
Have fewer meetings．
（3） And they eat into your day，forcing you to squeeze the things you really need to do into small windows，and making you rush．
（4） When you do the important things with focus，without rush，there will be things that get pushed back，and that don't get done．And you need to ask yourself：how necessary are these things？What would happen if I stopped doing them？
Practice mindfulness．
Simply learn to live in the present，rather than things so much about future or the past．When you eat，fully appreciate your food．When you are with someone，be with them fully．When you are walking，appreciate your surroundings，no matter where you are．
Try these things out．Life is better when unrushed．（5）
A．Remember the quote：if nature can get everything done without rushing，so can you．
B．Pick 2﹣3 important things﹣or even just one important thing﹣and work on those first．
C．The world likely won't end if you don't pass one of the examinations．
D．Meetings are usually a"big waste of time"．
E．But here are some things to consider and perhaps adopt，if they work for your life．
F．Start to put off or cancel the unnecessary．
G．Give yourself more time to get ready and get there．
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（2024秋 江北区校级月考）Tea is an important part of Chinese tradition.As Chinese society develops，tea production has played a role in （1） （drive） the economy forward while tea consumption has remained a practice of daily life.
The practice of tea culture can bring the spirit and wisdom of human beings to a（2） （high） level.What's more，tea has an （3） （extreme）close relationship to Chinese culture，and its study covers a wide field and has a very rich content.There is no doubt （4） it has been beneficial in improving people's social achievements and （5） （appreciate）of art.
The history of Chinese tea is（6） long and gradual story of improvement.Generations of growers and producers （7） （improve）the Chinese way of making tea so far，and the quality of tea is judged on the color，fragrance（香味）and flavor，the water quality and even the tea set.
Drinking tea（8） （offer）a lot of benefits.For example，it refreshes（使恢复精力）the mind and clears heat in the human body.If you intend （9） （lose）weight，you can drink tea，which is helpful（10） some degree.
五．单词拼写（共5小题）
8．（2024秋 南京模拟）In the beginning，Tu Youyou went to Hainan， （在那里疟疾更常见），to study malaria patients.
9．（2024秋 海曙区校级期中）How can you （提取） this information and make good use of it？
10．（2024秋 大埔县期中） （看来）， we have to change all the labels on the books during the next week.
11．（2024秋 大埔县期中）As is known to all，talent and hard work are both （至关重要的） to career success.
12．（2022春 白云区校级月考）Everyone could see the （热情） in his approach to the work.
六．词性转换（共5小题）
13．（2024秋 响水县校级期末）Generally，it （acknowledge）that the shortest distance between people is a sincere smile.
14．（2024秋 惠州期末）The national park has a large collection of wildlife， （range） from butterflies to elephants．
15．（2024秋 集美区校级期中）This year has seen a number of （remark） business stories in China，including some masters such as Alibaba and Huawei.
16．（2024秋 集美区校级期中） （draft） contracts is actually one of the simple pleasures of practising law.
17．（2024秋 香坊区校级月考）Being the coach of the new team，I was excited because I knew we were going to win，but to my disappointment we （defeat）.
七．书面表达（共2小题）
18．（2024春 武陵区校级期末）假定你是李华，想邀请英国交换生David下周一参加你校举办的"科技节"，并观赏学生们的 "科技小发明"．请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1．写信意图；
2．活动时间和地点；
3．活动目的和内容；
4．表达希望．
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
参考词汇：科技小发明：technology gadgets
Dear David，
I'm glad to invite you to the Science Festival_______
Yours，
Li Hua
19．（2024春 天心区校级月考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
It was after midnight last December and we were driving home from a party.The weather had been awful，with the rain pouring on our 40﹣minute journey there.Paul，my husband，was driving our Ford Ranger pickup truck and my seven﹣year﹣old son，Silas，was in the back.
What was so frightening was the speed of it.One minute we were halfway home，the next there was water going up over the bonnet（引擎盖）.The rushing water lifted our car up and pushed it back against a hedge（树篱）.I felt frightened by the power of the water，and Paul was trying to control the truck.
Water was instantly around my ankles.I reached my hand back and felt it around Silas's.Paul climbed out through a window，at which point Silas woke up，confused.I managed to pass him through the window to Paul，who was now on the truck's roof.
Paul told me I needed to get out，but I couldn't open the door.I attempted to push my body through the driver's window and cling on to the support between the windows.Paul grabbed my hood（兜帽）to help but in vain.I could hear Silas crying，so I told him to let go﹣ Silas needed him.He refused，but I insisted﹣ I wanted to know Silas would be safe.As I saw his empty outstretched hands，the water took me away.I was a strong swimmer but I had no option but to be carried away by the rapids.Shocked，I gasped for breath and tried to keep my head above water.
It was extremely dark but I could just make out trees.As I passed，I reached out and grabbed two slim branches and hugged the tree with my knees.
My plan was just to hold on.Not knowing if Paul and Silas were dead or alive，I thought that if they did survive they would need me.I wondered who would come to my rescue.
Paragraph 1：
After nearly 40 minutes，I saw a small spotlight.__________.
Paragraph 2：
As I rose to my feet，I hugged my rescuers.__________.
Unit 1 People of Achievement
参考答案与试题解析
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．Insects are everywhere.Insects pollinate（给......授粉）crops，remove waste from the environment and eat（1） D insects like mosquitoes.But insects can also destroy crops，（2） B buildings and spread disease.With that in mind，it's easy to see just how（3） A the work done by entomologists（昆虫学家）is.
Dr Christine Miller is an entomologist，whose（4） C as an insect researcher at the University of Florida takes her around the world（5） A insects both common and rare.She loves her job and wants to know why insects do what they do and how they make the（6） B healthy by becoming food for other animals or breaking down waste.
Miller's interest in insects started when she was young，collecting insects and surprised at their unique（7） C .Miller attended Wesleyan University，where she at first joined a research laboratory studying plants.She soon realized insects were "more interesting and powerful".
"Insects are an important part of our world，" Miller says."If we want to（8） A our growing population，we need to（9） D to deal with insect pests.For example，right now armyworms are spreading through Africa （10） B corn.There is real（11） B that if we don't figure out how to stop them，that important crop will be ruined and people will starve."
Because much of their work is done outside，entomologists face certain（12） A .There is always the risk of being attacked by insects or（13） D an insect﹣borne illness.Moreover，entomologists are not always（14） B around insects.Miller admits to being scared of maggots（组）.
"That's something I haven't been able to（15） C ，" she says with a laugh."They make me as sick to my stomach as anyone else."
（1） A．rare B．huge C．beautiful D．harmful
（2） A．design B．damage C．clean D．admire
（3） A．important B．impossible C．simple D．adequate
（4） A．tip B．figure C．job D．vacation
（5） A．in search of B．in need of C．in favor of D．in charge of
（6） A．competition B．environment C．relationship D．diet
（7） A．connections B．backgrounds C．languages D．characteristics
（8） A．reduce B．control C．feed D．study
（9） A．learn B．reply C．agree D．regret
（10） A．watching B．protecting C．introducing D．eating
（11） A．hope B．concern C．doubt D．relief
（12） A．dangers B．truths C．chances D．changes
（13） A．helping with B．looking into C．referring to D．suffering from
（14） A．suitable B．comfortable C．familiar D．separate
（15） A．put off B．show off C．get over D．take over
【答案】（1）﹣（5）DBACA （6）﹣（10）BCADB （11）﹣（15）BADBC
【分析】本文是一篇科普类阅读，文章讲述了昆虫学家克里斯汀 米勒博士是如何研究昆虫的，以及她的工作特点和价值。
【解答】（1）D．考查形容词及语境理解。A．rare稀有的；B．huge 巨大的；C．beautiful 美丽的；D．harmful有害的。昆虫给农作物授粉，清除环境中的废物，吃蚊子等有害昆虫。根据下文 like mosquitoes可知是有害的。故选D。
（2）B．考查动词及语境理解。A．design设计；B．damage 损坏；C．clean 清理；D．admire 佩服。但是昆虫也能毁坏庄稼，破坏建筑物和传播疾病。根据上文 But insects can also destroy crops可知是损坏。故选B。
（3）A．考查形容词及语境理解。A．important重要的；B．impossible 不可能的；C．simple 简单的；D．adequate 足够的。有鉴于此，很容易看出昆虫学家的工作有多重要。故选A。
（4）C．考查名词及语境理解。A．tip建议，小费；B．figure 数字，人物；C．job 工作；D．vacation 假期。克里斯汀 米勒博士是一名昆虫学家，她在佛罗里达大学的昆虫研究工作使她环游世界寻找常见和稀有的昆虫．根据上文the work done by entomologists可知是工作。故选C。
（5）A．考查固定搭配及语境理解。A．in search of 寻找；B．in need of 需要；C．in favor of 赞成；D．in charge of 负责。克里斯汀 米勒博士是一名昆虫学家，她在佛罗里达大学的昆虫研究工作使她环游世界寻找常见和稀有的昆虫。故选A。
（6）B．考查名词及语境理解。A．competition竞争；B．environment 环境；C．relationship关系；D．diet饮食。她热爱自己的工作，想知道昆虫为什么会这样做，以及它们是如何通过成为其他动物的食物或分解废物而使环境健康的。故选B。
（7）D．考查名词及语境理解。A．connections连接；B．backgrounds 背景；C．languages 语言；D．characteristics 特征。收集昆虫并惊讶于它们独特的特性。故选D。
（8）C．考查动词及语境理解。A．reduce减少；B．control 控制；C．feed 喂养；D．study 学习，研究。如果我们想养活不断增长的人口。故选C。
（9）A．考查动词及语境理解。A．learn学习；B．reply 答复；C．agree 同意；D．regret 后悔。我们需要学会对付害虫。故选A。
（10）D．考查动词及语境理解。A．watching观看；B．protecting 保护；C．introducing 介绍；D．eating 吃；例如，现在粘虫正在非洲传播，吃玉米。根据后文that important crop will be ruined 可知是吃。故选D。
（11）B．考查名词及语境理解。A．hope希望；B．concern 担心，关心；C．doubt 怀疑；D．relief 救济。人们真正担心的是，如果我们不想办法阻止它们，那重要的农作物就会被毁，人们就会挨饿。根据下文 that important crop will be ruined 可知是担心。故选B。
（12）A．考查名词及语境理解。A．dangers危险；B．truths 真理；C．chances 机会；D．changes 变更。由于昆虫学家的大部分工作是在室外完成的，他们面临着一定的危险。根据下文There is always the risk of being attacked 可知是危险。故选A。
（13）D．考查动词短语及语境理解。A．helping with帮助；B．looking into 调查；C．referring to 指；D．suffering from 遭受。总有被昆虫袭击或患上虫媒疾病的风险。故选D。
（14）B．考查形容词及语境理解。A．suitable合适的；B．comfortable舒服的，舒适的；C．familiar 熟悉的；D．separate 分开的。此外，昆虫学家并不总是对昆虫感到舒服。根据下文Miller admits to being scared of maggots可知是有时候感觉也会不舒服。故选B。
（15）C．考查动词短语及语境理解。A．put off推迟；B．show off 炫耀；C．get over 克服，度过；D．take over 接管。这是我一直无法克服的。根据下文They make me as sick to my stomach as anyone else可知是无法克服。故选C。
【点评】考查完形填空。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合上下文及选项做出正确的选择。
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．（2024春 米东区校级月考）NATURE has many ways of reminding us who is in charge.Her most deadly weapons ﹣ bacteria，viruses，and parasites（寄生虫） ﹣ claim millions of lives every year.
But thanks to the hard work of great scientists，mankind could turn nature against itself.And it is for exactly this sort of work that the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Oct 5.
Half of the prize was awarded to the Irish William Campbell and the Japanese Satoshi Omura for discovering avermectin（阿维菌素），a drug that kills the parasitic worms that cause river blindness and lymphatic filariasis（象皮病）.Chinese scientist Tu Youyou shared the other half of the prize for developing Artemisinin，a drug that helps kill the parasite that causes malaria.
Omura is a microbiologist by training.He studied Streptomyces bacteria to find compounds（化合物） that work against harmful microbes（微生物）.Campbell，working in the US，took bacteria found by Omura and took out avermectin，which is effective against parasites in farm animals.An improved type of avermectin was later produced for humans，which greatly reduced the cases of river blindness and lymphatic filariasis.
Avermectin comes from bacteria，but artemisinin comes from plants.Its discovery was the result of Project 523，a Chinese government project to find a new malaria drug in the late 1960s.
Malaria is a mosquito﹣borne disease caused by parasites，which attack red blood cells，causing fever，and sometimes，brain damage and death.Tu and her team made 380 herbal extracts from 2，000 recipes from traditional Chinese medical books.In 1971，after more than 190 failures，Tu's team finally found an extract that was 100 percent effective against malaria parasites.It was called qinghaosu，later renamed artemisinin.In 2001，the World Health Organization named artemisinin the first choice in the treatment of malaria.
Millions of people are still troubled by infections caused by parasites.But the WHO said that by 2013，malaria deaths had fallen by 47 percent compared with 2000.Similarly，river blindness used to be one of the leading causes of preventable blindness.These days，doctors are talking about chances of wiping the disease off Earth.All of these achievements would not be possible at all without the drugs that Campbell，Omura and Tu helped to discover.
（1）The drug Tu Youyou developed，artemisinin，has proven effective in treating B .
A．river blindness
B．malaria
C．lymphatic filariasis
D．infections caused by Streptomyces bacteria
（2）Avermectin，discovered by Campbell and Omura，comes from A .
A．bacteria
B．plants
C．farm animals
D．ocean animals
（3）Which of the following is TRUE about the discovery of artemisinin？ C
A．It took Tu and her team about 10 years to discover artemisinin.
B．Tu and her team achieved success after about 380 failures.
C．Artemisinin has saved millions of people's lives since its discovery.
D．Artemisinin was discovered thanks to the efforts of scientists from at home and abroad.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文章主要向读者介绍了对于治疗人类疾病非常有效的药物。
【解答】（1）B.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，最后一句可知。Chinese scientist Tu Youyou shared the other half of the prize for developing Artemisinin，a drug that helps kill the parasite that causes malaria.中国科学家屠呦呦分享了另一半的奖金，他开发了青蒿素，一种有助于杀死引起疟疾的寄生虫的药物。可知，屠呦呦开发的青蒿素可有效的治疗疟疾，结合选项，故选B。
（2）A.细节理解题。根据文章第五段，Avermectin comes from bacteria，but artemisinin comes from plants.阿维菌素来自细菌，而青蒿素来自植物。可知，阿维菌素来自细菌，结合选项，故选A。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段，Millions of people are still troubled by infections caused by parasites.But the WHO said that by 2013，malaria deaths had fallen by 47 percent compared with 2000.数百万人仍然受到寄生虫感染的困扰。但世卫组织说，到2013年，疟疾死亡人数比2000年下降了47%。可知，青蒿素自发现以来，已挽救了数百万人的生命。结合选项，故选C。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．
3．（2024秋 官渡区校级期中）Modern medicine and the latest technology can save many lives.If you live in a country where healthcare is readily available and accessible，then your chances of recovering from illnesses or accidents are very good.But for many people in the US who are uninsured（无保险的），they can't afford these new medical treatments.That's why Doctor Demetrio Aguila in Norfolk lets poor patients pay for surgery（外科手术）through volunteer work.
"For years I had been doing surgery for patients and taking care of their health problems.Then I would find out months later，sometimes years later，that I had caused their financial ruin，" Aguila said.Serious illnesses can completely deplete a family's savings，leaving them no choice but to go bankrupt（破产）.
Then he formed Healing Hands M25 as a way to give poor patients the medical fees they need by donating their time to community service.The process is pretty simple.They practice partners with local charitable organizations.The patient picks the charity and donates his time and sweat；Aguila determines the amount of volunteer hours the patient has to complete."We've lowered the cost of healthcare.We've made it fair for everybody involved，" Aguila said.
The first patient to participate in the program was Jeffrey Jenson who worked for 560 hours to pay for surgery on his leg.Jenson asked his friends and family to help him complete the hours.Jenson said that his volunteer work greatly affected his life as much as the surgery."The M25 program is not about money﹣it's about if people come together to help other people，then the community becomes better，" said Jenson.
This program is a big win for the patients，the local community，and Dr Aguila who knows he has done everything he could to help his patients.
（1）How does Aguila make poor patients pay for surgery？ C
A．In cash.
B．Through an insurance company.
C．By doing volunteer work.
D．By serving the doctor.
（2）What does the underlined word "deplete" in Paragraph 2 mean？ B
A．Set aside.
B．Use up.
C．Cut down.
D．Add to.
（3）What is the third paragraph mainly about？ B
A．What Healing Hands M25 does.
B．How Healing Hands M25 works.
C．Why Aguila runs Healing Hands M25.
D．Why patients choose Healing Hands M25.
（4）What is Jenson's attitude towards the M25 program？ A
A．Positive
B．Negative.
C．Objective.
D．Unconcerned.
【答案】CBBA
【分析】现代医学和最新技术可以挽救许多生命。如果你生活在一个医疗保健唾手可得的国家，那么你从疾病或事故中康复的几率非常高。但对于许多没有保险的美国人来说，他们负担不起这些新的医疗费用。本文讲述诺福克的Demetrio Aguila医生让贫穷的病人通过志愿工作来支付手术费用。
【解答】（1）C.细节理解题。根据原文第一段That's why Doctor Demetrio Aguila in Norfolk lets poor patients pay for surgery through volunteer work.这就是诺福克的Demetrio Aguila医生让贫困患者通过志愿工作支付手术费用的原因。可知Aguila让贫困患者通过做志愿者工作支付手术费用。故选C。
（2）B.词义猜测题。根据原文第二段Then I would find out months later，sometimes years later，that I had caused their financial ruin，" Aguila said.Serious illnesses can completely deplete a family's savings，leaving them no choice but to go bankrupt.几个月后，有时是几年后，我会发现是我造成了他们的财务破产，"Aguila说。严重的疾病会____一个家庭的储蓄，让他们别无选择，只能破产。可知delate的意思是用尽、耗尽。结合选项：A.Set aside 留出…用于；B.Use up用光；C.Cut down削减；D.Add to添加。故选B。
（3）B.段落大意题。根据原文第三段Then he formed Healing Hands M25 as a way to give poor patients the medical fees they need by donating their time to community service.The process is pretty simple.They practice partners with local charitable organizations.The patient picks the charity and donates his time and sweat；Aguila determines the amount of volunteer hours the patient has to complete."We've lowered the cost of healthcare.We've made it fair for everybody involved，" Aguila said.然后，他成立了"治愈之手M25"，通过将时间贡献给社区服务，为贫困患者提供所需的医疗费用。这个过程非常简单。他们与当地慈善组织合作。患者选择慈善机构，贡献自己的时间和汗水；Aguila决定患者必须完成的志愿者小时数。"我们已经降低了医疗保健的成本，我们已经为所有参与的人提供了公平的待遇，"Aguila说。可知本段讲述了"治愈之手M25"是如何运作的。故选B。
（4）A.情感态度题。根据原文第四段Jenson said that his volunteer work greatly affected his life as much as the surgery."The M25 program is not about money﹣it's about if people come together to help other people，then the community becomes better，" said Jenson.简森说，他的志愿者工作就像手术一样对他的生活影响很大。"M25项目不是为了钱，而是如果人们团结起来帮助其他人，社区就会变得更好，"简森说。可知他对此是持积极态度的，结合选项：A.Positive积极的；B.Negative消极的；C.Objective客观的；D.Unconcerned不关心的。故选A。
【点评】阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
4．（2024秋 武江区校级月考）The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past.With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones，writing by hand has become something of nostalgic （怀旧的）skill.However，while today's educators are using more and more technology in their teaching，many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful﹣﹣﹣both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger，professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington，says it's important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks﹣﹣﹣both on a computer and by hand.The study，published in 2009，found that when writing with a pen and paper，participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
In a more recent study，Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. "Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary，word meaning and concepts.It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas." Berninger said.
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe（转换） "those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen，" the study said.Seeing the words in the "mind's eye" helps children not only to turn their ideas into words，says Berninger，but also to spot spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time.
"In our computer age，some people believe that we don't have to teach spelling because we have spell checks，" she said. "But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level，they won't have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer."
（1）What makes writing by hand a thing of the past？ B
A．The absence of blackboard in classroom.
B．The use of new technologies in teaching.
C．The lack of practice in handwriting.
D．The popular use of smartphones.
（2）Which of the following best shows the role of spelling？ B
A．Spelling improves one's memory of words.
B．Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.
C．Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.
D．Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.
（3）What does "mind's eye" in paragraph 5 mean？ D
A．Window.
B．Soul.
C．Picture.
D．Imagination.
（4）What conclusion could be drawn from the passage？ C
A．Computers can help people with their choice of words.
B．Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.
C．Handwriting still has a place in today's classrooms.
D．Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.
【答案】BBDC
【分析】本文是一篇说明文阅读。讲述的是随着电脑和智能手机等新技术的到来，手写这一技能在当今的形势。文章还多次引用了Virginia Berninger和她同事的研究结果以及她的观点，最后得出了"手写在如今的课堂上仍有一定的地位"的结论。
【解答】（1）B．细节理解题。根据文章的第一段：The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past.With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones，writing by hand has become something of a nostalgic （怀旧的） skill.学生们不断地从黑板上抄写字母和句子的实践已经成为过去式了。随着电脑和智能手机等新技术的到来，手写已成为一种怀旧的技能。由这句话可知是因为我们生活中新科技的使用导致了"手写"成为了过去式。再根据题中选项可知B项准确。故选B。
（2）B．推断理解题。根据文中第三段："Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active，which helps us access our vocabulary，word meaning and concepts.It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas."Berninger said."拼写使一些大脑的思考部分活跃，这有助于我们使用我们的词汇，词的意义和概念这让我们的书面语言连接到思想。"Berninger说；在结合题中选项，可知拼写能力与写作能力密切相关更能体现拼写的作用。故选B。
（3）D．词义猜测题。根据第五段中"Seeing the words in the"mind's eye"helps children not only to turn their ideas into words，but also to notice spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time."可知用内心去看这些单词，不仅能帮助学生们将思想变成文字，而且也能注意到拼写的错误和正确的书写。联系本意：思想的眼睛则为想像之意。A.Window.窗户；B．Soul.灵魂；C．Picture.画；D．Imagination.想象。故选D。
（4）C．推理判断题。根据第一段特别是最后一句中"many believe handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful﹣﹣both in school and in life."句意：有许多人相信写作技能在学校与生活中依然有必要学的。和文章的最后一段，首段说明随着新技术的到来，手写已经成为过去，之后文章中部提到手写的好处，最后一段进一步阐明书写的重要。可知：手写在如今的课堂上仍有一定的地位。故选C。
【点评】1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
5．（2022春 红山区校级期中）"They tell me that you'd like to make a statue（塑像）of me ﹣﹣is that correct，Miss Vinnie Ream？"
The deep，gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl.Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter，especially for a seventeen﹣year﹣old girl.
"Yes，sir，she replied，her dark eyes meeting his.I wouldn't have dared to ask you，but my teacher，Mr.Mills，says I am ready.I plan to make it in an admirable manner."
President Lincoln smiled. "Painters，sculptors ﹣ they've all tried to make the best of this ordinary face，but I'm afraid there's not much hope.What did you have in mind，Miss Ream？A bust（半身像）？"
Before Vinnie could say yes，the President hurried on，a shade of apology in his voice. "Of course ﹣I shouldn't have asked.A full﹣length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size."
Vinnie's face turned red.She realized she looked like a child，with her tiny figure. "Small does not mean weak，sir，" she defended herself. "I was born in the country of Wisconsin.I've driven teams of horses and carried water.Making a full﹣length clay （粘土） figure would not exhaust my strength —and that is what I intend to do!"
The President's eyes，brightened at her show of spirit. "Sorry，madam，I have underestimated you as I didn't know your background."
But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers，in thought."Miss Ream，"he sighed， "I'd like to let you do it，but as you know，we are in the middle of a war.How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now？I hardly have a minute to myself."
Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office."I work quickly，" she said.Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows."If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon，I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk."
The President seemed to consider her idea seriously.He got up and shook Vinnie's hand warmly， "I've heard that you are a talented young woman，and I have found you charming and intelligent as well.I cannot make my decision immediately，but you will hear from me soon."
The very next day，Vinnie received an invitation from the President.
（1）What gave Vinnie confidence to make her request of President Lincoln？ B
A．Her aggressive personality.
B．Mr.Mills's encouraging remark.
C．President Lincoln's gentle voice.
D．Her interest in a challenging job.
（2）How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnie's request？ D
A．Pleased.
B．Thrilled.
C．Regretful.
D．Doubtful.
（3）Vinnie wanted to choose the corner near the windows to D .
A．achieve effects of natural lighting
B．keep all her tools within easy reach
C．observe the President at a right angle
D．avoid disturbing the President's work
（4）What message does the story convey？ A
A．A strong﹣willed soul can reach his goal.
B．Experience helps to promote excellence.
C．Ups and downs make one strong.
D．Devotion requires enthusiasm.
【答案】BDDA
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一位17岁的来自威斯康星州的少女维尼为第十六任美国总统林肯塑像的故事。在两人的对话过程中，自信的维尼用自己的智慧和应变能力，打消了总统的顾虑，说服了总统自己是有能力在他日理万机的行程中为他塑像的。
【解答】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第三段 I wouldn't have dared to ask you，but my teacher，Mr.Mills，says I am ready.I plan to make it in an admirable manner.（我不敢问你，但是我的老师Mr.Mills说我准备好了。我打算以一种令人钦佩的方式实现它。）可知，是米尔斯老师的鼓励性话语给了维尼信心，让她有信心向林肯总统提出要求。故选B。
（2）D.推理判断题。根据第四段President Lincoln smiled. "Painters，sculptors ﹣ they've all tried to make the best of this ordinary face，but I'm afraid there's not much hope.What did you have in mind，Miss Ream？A bust（半身像）？"（林肯总统笑了："画家、雕塑家——他们都试图把这张普通的脸画得更好，但恐怕希望不大了。你有什么想法，利姆小姐？做半身像吗？"）以及第五段Before Vinnie could say yes，the President hurried on，a shade of apology in his voice. "Of course ﹣I shouldn't have asked.A full﹣length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size."（维尼还没来得及说"是"，总统就带着一丝歉意，匆匆说道："当然——我不该问的。对于你这种身材的年轻女性来说，做一个展示全身的雕像是个相当大的工程。"）可知，无论是从雕塑的大小还是雕塑者的体量上，总统都不抱有希望，由此可见林肯总统一开始持质疑的态度（Doubtful）。故选D。
（3）D.推理判断题。根据第八段I'd like to let you do it，but as you know，we are in the middle of a war.How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now？I hardly have a minute to myself.（我很想让你这么做，但你也知道，我们正处于战争之中。我现在怎么可能有时间来为做雕塑去摆姿势呢？我几乎没有一分钟属于自己的时间。）以及第九段Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office."I work quickly，" she said.Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows."If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon，I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk."（维尼环顾四周，注意到他办公室的大小。"我干得很快，"她说。她指着窗边的角落，声音柔和而自信："如果我把我的粘土带到这里，每天下午工作3个小时，我就可以在你坐在办公桌前的时候完成大部分项目。"）可推测出，总统表示自己工作繁忙，无法抽出时间来制作雕塑。因此，维尼是为了避免打扰总统的日常工作而选择在靠近窗户的角落来制作雕塑。故选D。
（4）A.主旨大意题。根据最后一段The very next day，Vinnie received an invitation from the President.（就在第二天，Vinnie收到了总统的邀请。）以及全文内容可知，维尼通过据理力争，赢得了为总统制作全身雕塑的机会。她的经历向我们证明了，有志者事竟成。故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2024秋 南阳校级月考）"Nature does not hurry，yet everything is accomplished．"﹣Lao Tzu
If you are in a city where everyone rushes，realize that you don't have to be like everyone else．You can be different．You can walk instead of driving in rush hour traffic．You can be on your iPhone or Blackberry less，and disconnected sometimes．Your environment doesn't control your life﹣you do．I'm not going to tell you how to give you a step﹣by﹣step guide to moving slower．（1） E
Do less．
Cut back on your projects，on your task list，on how much you try to do each day．Focus not on quantity but on quality．（2） B Save smaller，routine tasks for later in the day，but give yourself time to focus．
Have fewer meetings．
（3） D And they eat into your day，forcing you to squeeze the things you really need to do into small windows，and making you rush．
（4） F When you do the important things with focus，without rush，there will be things that get pushed back，and that don't get done．And you need to ask yourself：how necessary are these things？What would happen if I stopped doing them？
Practice mindfulness．
Simply learn to live in the present，rather than things so much about future or the past．When you eat，fully appreciate your food．When you are with someone，be with them fully．When you are walking，appreciate your surroundings，no matter where you are．
Try these things out．Life is better when unrushed．（5） A
A．Remember the quote：if nature can get everything done without rushing，so can you．
B．Pick 2﹣3 important things﹣or even just one important thing﹣and work on those first．
C．The world likely won't end if you don't pass one of the examinations．
D．Meetings are usually a"big waste of time"．
E．But here are some things to consider and perhaps adopt，if they work for your life．
F．Start to put off or cancel the unnecessary．
G．Give yourself more time to get ready and get there．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文告诉我们生活不要太匆忙，要让自己适当地闲下来，把生活中的那些不是很重要的事情放在一边，或者就是不要去做．
【解答】（1）E 细节理解题，根据上句I'm not going to tell you how to give you a step﹣by﹣step guide可知我不会给你一步步地指导，而是给你一些也许你会采纳和考虑的建议．故选E．
（2）B 细节理解题，根据下一句Save smaller，routine tasks for later in the day说明把一些小的，不是很重要的事情放在以后再做，故F项，也就是把重要的事情先做起来，故选B．
（3）D 细节理解题，根据上一句Have fewer meetings说明要我们少开会，那么这一句就应该是说明开会的坏处，故选D．
（4）F 细节理解题，根据本段there will be things that get pushed back，and that don't get done．And you need to ask yourself：how necessary are these things？What would happen if I stopped doing them？说明我们要把那些不是很重要的事情推迟到以后再做，甚至是把那些不需要的事情取消掉，故选F．
（5）A 细节理解题，本句与本文的第一句"Nature does not hurry，yet everything is accomplished．"﹣﹣﹣Lao Tzu形成呼应的关系，故选A．
【点评】考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（2024秋 江北区校级月考）Tea is an important part of Chinese tradition.As Chinese society develops，tea production has played a role in （1） driving （drive） the economy forward while tea consumption has remained a practice of daily life.
The practice of tea culture can bring the spirit and wisdom of human beings to a（2） higher （high） level.What's more，tea has an （3） extremely （extreme）close relationship to Chinese culture，and its study covers a wide field and has a very rich content.There is no doubt （4） that it has been beneficial in improving people's social achievements and （5） appreciation （appreciate）of art.
The history of Chinese tea is（6） a long and gradual story of improvement.Generations of growers and producers （7） have improved （improve）the Chinese way of making tea so far，and the quality of tea is judged on the color，fragrance（香味）and flavor，the water quality and even the tea set.
Drinking tea（8） offers （offer）a lot of benefits.For example，it refreshes（使恢复精力）the mind and clears heat in the human body.If you intend （9） to lose （lose）weight，you can drink tea，which is helpful（10） to some degree.
【答案】（1）driving（2）higher（3）extremely（4）that（5）appreciation（6）a（7）have improved（8）offers（9）to lose（10）to
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述茶与中国文化的密切关系及喝茶的好处。
【解答】（1）driving.考查动名词。句意：随着中国社会的发展，茶叶生产对经济发展起到了推动作用，而茶叶消费仍然是人们日常生活的一种方式。分析句子可知，此处用动名词作介词in的宾语，故填driving。
（2）higher.考查比较级。句意：茶文化的实践可以把人类的精神和智慧提升到一个更高的水平。结合句意可知，此处表示"更高的"，故用比较级，故填higher。
（3）extremely.考查副词。句意：此外，茶与中国文化有着极为密切的关系，其研究领域十分广泛，内容十分丰富。分析句子可知，此处修饰形容词close，故用副词修饰形容词，故填extremely。
（4）that.考查固定句式。句意：毫无疑问，它有助于提高人们的社会成就和对艺术的欣赏。固定句式There is no doubt that...表示"毫无疑问..."，其中that引导同位语从句，故填that。
（5）appreciation.考查名词。句意：毫无疑问，它有助于提高人们的社会成就和对艺术的欣赏。分析句子可知，此处与achievements 并列作动词improving的宾语，故用名词作宾语，故填appreciation。
（6）a.考查冠词。句意：中国茶叶的历史是一个漫长而渐进的进步过程。结合句意可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词，long为辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
（7）have improved.考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，一代又一代的种植者和生产者已经改进了中国制茶的方法，茶叶的质量是根据颜色、香味、水质甚至茶具来判断的。时间状语为so far，句子用现在完成时，故填have improved。
（8）offers.考查主谓一致。句意：喝茶有很多好处。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语为Drinking tea，谓语动词用三单形式，故填offers。
（9）to lose.考查动词不定式。句意：如果你想减肥，你可以喝茶，这在一定程度上是有帮助的。intend to do表示"想要做某事"符合句意，故填to lose。
（10）to.考查介词。句意：如果你想减肥，你可以喝茶，这在一定程度上是有帮助的。固定搭配to some degree表示"在一定程度上"，故填to。
【点评】解答此类题目应先浏览全文，概括大意，再根据句子间的提示以及括号内的汉语提示或首字母提示，依据语法规则和行为逻辑来推测并填写合适的词语。
五．单词拼写（共5小题）
8．（2024秋 南京模拟）In the beginning，Tu Youyou went to Hainan， where malaria was more common （在那里疟疾更常见），to study malaria patients.
【答案】where malaria was more common
【分析】起初，屠呦呦去了疟疾比较常见的海南，研究疟疾患者。
【解答】答案：where malaria was more common.分析句子可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Hainan，在从句中作地点状语，故用where来引导定语从句；结合句意可知，从句在描述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时；形容词common表示"常见的"。
故答案为where malaria was more common。
【点评】对于这种题型，要分析句子意思，再从结构和意义上对答案进行确定。
9．（2024秋 海曙区校级期中）How can you extract （提取） this information and make good use of it？
【答案】extract
【分析】你是如何提取信息并利用他们的？
【解答】答案：extract。根据提示词可知，横线部分为谓语动词"提取"，前边有情态动词，故应填动词原形。
故答案为：extract。
【点评】对于这种题型，要分析句子意思，再从结构和意义上对答案进行确定。
10．（2024秋 大埔县期中） Apparently （看来）， we have to change all the labels on the books during the next week.
【答案】Apparently
【分析】看来，下周我们得把书上所有的标签都换掉。
【解答】答案：Apparently.副词apparently修饰句子。故填：Apparently.
【点评】考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺．
11．（2024秋 大埔县期中）As is known to all，talent and hard work are both crucial （至关重要的） to career success.
【答案】crucial
【分析】众所周知，天赋和努力都是事业成功的关键。
【解答】答案：crucial.根据汉语提示"至关重要的"和句子结构可知，此处应填入形容词充当表语，"至关重要的"的英语是形容词crucial，故填crucial。
【点评】要在理解句子结构和含义的基础上根据汉语意思选择恰当的词、短语或句型；同时注意所选词的形式变化。
12．（2022春 白云区校级月考）Everyone could see the passion （热情） in his approach to the work.
【答案】passion
【分析】每个人都能从他的工作方法中看到热情。
【解答】答案：passion.分析句子可知，此处作动词see的宾语，且空前有the，故用名词passion表示"热情"作宾语，且passion为不可数名词，故用原形。
故答案为passion。
【点评】对于这种题型，要分析句子意思，再从结构和意义上对答案进行确定。
六．词性转换（共5小题）
13．（2024秋 响水县校级期末）Generally，it is acknowledged （acknowledge）that the shortest distance between people is a sincere smile.
【答案】is acknowledged
【分析】一般认为，人与人之间最短的距离就是一个真诚的微笑。
【解答】答案：is acknowledged.It is acknowledged that……是一个句型，意为"人们认为……"。故填：is acknowledged。
【点评】考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
14．（2024秋 惠州期末）The national park has a large collection of wildlife， ranging （range） from butterflies to elephants．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】国家公园有很多野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象．
【解答】答案：ranging．考查单词填空．此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词作定语．故填ranging．
【点评】对于用所给词的适当形式填空，答题时要做到：A．明确所给词的词性；B．弄清所给句子的意思；C．确定空白处所需的词性D．正确写出所填的词．
15．（2024秋 集美区校级期中）This year has seen a number of remarkable （remark） business stories in China，including some masters such as Alibaba and Huawei.
【答案】remarkable
【分析】今年，中国出现了许多引人注目的商业故事，其中包括阿里巴巴（Alibaba）和华为（Huawei）等大师级企业。
【解答】答案：remarkable.分析句子可知，所填词作定语修饰名词business stories，应用所给词的形容词remarkable"非凡的；引人注目的"，故填remarkable.
【点评】做单词填空题，首先要弄清所给句子的意思，确定空白处所需的词性，结合语境做出合乎语法和惯用法的词形变化，填写拼写正确的单词。
16．（2024秋 集美区校级期中） Drafting （draft） contracts is actually one of the simple pleasures of practising law.
【答案】Drafting
【分析】起草合同实际上是执业律师的一种简单乐趣。
【解答】答案：Drafting.分析句子可知，____（draft） contracts作主语，表达一个已知的事实，应用动名词短语，因在句首，首字母需大写，故填Drafting.
【点评】做单词填空题，首先要弄清所给句子的意思，确定空白处所需的词性，结合语境做出合乎语法和惯用法的词形变化，填写拼写正确的单词。
17．（2024秋 香坊区校级月考）Being the coach of the new team，I was excited because I knew we were going to win，but to my disappointment we were defeated （defeat）.
【答案】were defeated
【分析】作为新球队的教练，我很兴奋，因为我知道我们会赢，但令我失望的是我们输了。
【解答】答案：were defeated.本句中but连接两个并列的句子，设空处在but后面的分句中作谓语，所给词defeat的意思是"击败；战胜"，是及物动词，主语we与动词defeat之间为被动关系，根据前面分句中谓语部分was excited可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态were defeated，故填were defeated.
【点评】做单词填空题，首先要明确所给词的词性，弄清所给句子的意思，分析句子结构确定空白处所需的词性，结合语境做出合乎语法和惯用法的词形变化，最后填写拼写正确的单词。
七．书面表达（共2小题）
18．（2024春 武陵区校级期末）假定你是李华，想邀请英国交换生David下周一参加你校举办的"科技节"，并观赏学生们的 "科技小发明"．请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1．写信意图；
2．活动时间和地点；
3．活动目的和内容；
4．表达希望．
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
参考词汇：科技小发明：technology gadgets
Dear David，
I'm glad to invite you to the Science Festival_______
Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】高分句型
1．I'm glad to invite you to the Science Festival to be held in our school next Monday to enjoy the students' technology gadgets．
句子里，动词不定式to invite you to the Science Festival做原因状语；动词不定式 to be held in our school next Monday做定语；动词不定式 to enjoy the students' technology gadgets做目的状语．
我很高兴邀请你参加下周一在我们学校举行的科学节，欣赏学生们的科技产品．
2．What's more，some excellent student inventors will introduce the functions of their technology gadgets and perform them on the spot，which I think will be the most exciting part．
句子里，代指主句some excellent student inventors will introduce the functions of their technology gadgets and perform them on the spot，关系词which引导非限制性定语从句 I think will be the most exciting part．
更重要的是，一些优秀的学生发明家将介绍他们的技术小工具的功能，并进行现场表演，我认为这将是最令人兴奋的部分．
【解答】Dear David，
I'm glad to invite you to the Science Festival to be held in our school next Monday to enjoy the students' technology gadgets．【高分句型一】（提出邀请）
The Science Festival is scheduled to take place on the playground from 8 a．m．to 11 a．m．，lasting three hours．Its purpose is to encourage us students to think creatively as well as share our works with others．At this festival，you can enjoy various gadgets which are of great use in our daily life．What's more，some excellent student inventors will introduce the functions of their technology gadgets and perform them on the spot，which I think will be the most exciting part．【高分句型二】（介绍活动时间和地点以及活动目的和内容）
I would appreciate it if you could join in the coming Science Festival．Looking forward to your reply and expecting your coming．（表达希望）
Yours，
Li Hua
【点评】本文属于提纲作文，动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．
19．（2024春 天心区校级月考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
It was after midnight last December and we were driving home from a party.The weather had been awful，with the rain pouring on our 40﹣minute journey there.Paul，my husband，was driving our Ford Ranger pickup truck and my seven﹣year﹣old son，Silas，was in the back.
What was so frightening was the speed of it.One minute we were halfway home，the next there was water going up over the bonnet（引擎盖）.The rushing water lifted our car up and pushed it back against a hedge（树篱）.I felt frightened by the power of the water，and Paul was trying to control the truck.
Water was instantly around my ankles.I reached my hand back and felt it around Silas's.Paul climbed out through a window，at which point Silas woke up，confused.I managed to pass him through the window to Paul，who was now on the truck's roof.
Paul told me I needed to get out，but I couldn't open the door.I attempted to push my body through the driver's window and cling on to the support between the windows.Paul grabbed my hood（兜帽）to help but in vain.I could hear Silas crying，so I told him to let go﹣ Silas needed him.He refused，but I insisted﹣ I wanted to know Silas would be safe.As I saw his empty outstretched hands，the water took me away.I was a strong swimmer but I had no option but to be carried away by the rapids.Shocked，I gasped for breath and tried to keep my head above water.
It was extremely dark but I could just make out trees.As I passed，I reached out and grabbed two slim branches and hugged the tree with my knees.
My plan was just to hold on.Not knowing if Paul and Silas were dead or alive，I thought that if they did survive they would need me.I wondered who would come to my rescue.
Paragraph 1：
After nearly 40 minutes，I saw a small spotlight.__________.
Paragraph 2：
As I rose to my feet，I hugged my rescuers.__________.
【答案】Paragraph 1：
After nearly 40 minutes，I saw a small spotlight.I started to yell and wave my hand for help.Someone glimpsed my movement and a firefighter tried to talk to me，but I couldn't hear her above the roar of the water.Eventually，the light of a helicopter made me out in the tree.Guided to me by the helicopter，the rescue team managed to steer the boat to my shoulder.Four strong arms lifted me into the boat and I felt extreme relief and safety.
Paragraph 1：
As I rose to my feet，I hugged my rescuers.I looked up to see an amazing array of 50 service personnel.I had no idea such activity had been taking place for me.My husband，who had been rescued with my son，was nearby with a policewoman.She comforted him that so long as they could hear me，there was hope.I felt so high，I thanked everyone.In the isolation of that tree，I found a strength of character I didn't know I possessed.
【分析】文章讲述了我和丈夫Paul、儿子Silas在12月的午夜过后，开完派对开车回家的路上所遭遇的意外。我们遭遇了大暴雨，将车淹没。在逃生过程中，我被水流冲走，和丈夫儿子分离。幸运的是，我紧紧地抓住了两根纤细的树枝。用膝盖抱着那棵树。
高级句型一：
Guided to me by the helicopter，the rescue team managed to steer the boat to my shoulder.
翻译：在直升机的引导下，救援队设法成功把船开到我身旁。
分析：本句话使用过去分词短语作状语。
高分句型二：
My husband，who had been rescued with my son，was nearby with a policewoman.
翻译：我的丈夫和我的儿子一起被救出来，他和一名女警察在附近。
分析：本句话使用了who引导的非限制性定语从句。
【解答】Paragraph 1：
After nearly 40 minutes，I saw a small spotlight.I started to yell and wave my hand for help.Someone glimpsed my movement and a firefighter tried to talk to me，but I couldn't hear her above the roar of the water.Eventually，the light of a helicopter made me out in the tree.Guided to me by the helicopter，the rescue team managed to steer the boat to my shoulder.（高分句型一） Four strong arms lif