2026年中考英语长难句训练第二天
原句一:Before we started the project which aimed to protect the river, our teacher told us that small actions like picking up litter could improve the ecosystem we live in.
一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 6 处)
句中 "which aimed to protect the river" 是______从句,引导词是______,它修饰的先行词是______。
"that small actions like picking up litter could improve the ecosystem" 是______从句,由______引导,在主句中作______成分。
"we live in" 是______从句,修饰的名词是______,关系代词在从句中作______成分(已省略)。
句首 "Before we started the project" 是______从句,引导词是______,表示______关系。
主句的主语是______,谓语动词是______。
整个句子中包含______种类型的从句。
二、填空答案与解析
答案:定语;which;project
解析:"which aimed to protect the river" 是定语从句,关系代词 which 指代先行词 "project",在从句中作主语,修饰 “项目” 的具体内容(旨在保护河流)。
答案:宾语;that;宾语
解析:"that small actions..." 是宾语从句,由 that 引导,作主句谓语动词 "told" 的宾语(tell sb. sth. 结构中,sth. 为宾语从句),说明老师告诉 “我们” 的内容。
答案:定语;ecosystem;宾语
解析:"we live in" 是省略关系代词的定语从句,完整形式为 "that/which we live in",修饰先行词 "ecosystem";关系代词在从句中作 "live in" 的宾语,故可省略。
答案:时间状语;Before;时间
解析:"Before we started the project" 是时间状语从句,由连词 Before 引导,说明主句动作 "told" 发生的时间背景(在 “我们” 开始项目之前),表时间先后关系。
答案:our teacher;told
解析:主句为 "our teacher told us that...",其中 "our teacher" 是动作的发出者,作主语;"told" 是表示 “告知” 的动词,作谓语。
答案:3
解析:句子包含时间状语从句(Before 引导)、定语从句(which 引导)、定语从句(省略引导词)和宾语从句(that 引导),但从句类型共 3 种(时间状语从句、定语从句、宾语从句)。
句子结构成分详细分析
主句:our teacher told us that small actions like picking up litter could improve the ecosystem we live in
主语:our teacher
谓语:told
间接宾语:us
直接宾语:that 引导的宾语从句
时间状语从句:Before we started the project which aimed to protect the river
引导词:Before
主语:we
谓语:started
宾语:the project
定语从句:which aimed to protect the river(修饰 project)
宾语从句:that small actions like picking up litter could improve the ecosystem we live in
引导词:that
主语:small actions
后置定语:like picking up litter(举例说明 actions)
谓语:could improve
宾语:the ecosystem
定语从句:we live in(修饰 ecosystem)
定语从句 1:which aimed to protect the river
引导词:which(指代 project,作主语)
谓语:aimed to protect
宾语:the river
定语从句 2:we live in
引导词:省略(原应为 that/which,指代 ecosystem)
主语:we
谓语:live in
宾语:ecosystem(承前省略)
四、翻译
逐部分翻译:
Before we started the project which aimed to protect the river:在我们开始那个旨在保护河流的项目之前
our teacher told us:我们的老师告诉我们
that small actions like picking up litter could improve the ecosystem:像捡垃圾这样的小行动能改善生态系统
we live in:我们所生活的(生态系统)
整句翻译:
在我们开始那个旨在保护河流的项目之前,老师告诉我们,像捡垃圾这样的小行动能改善我们所生活的生态系统。
原句二:The reason why he didn't come to school today is that he got ill at night and his mother had to take him to the hospital where he had to stay for treatment.
一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 6 处)
句中 "why he didn't come to school today" 是______从句,引导词是______,它修饰的先行词是______。
"that he got ill at night" 是______从句,由______引导,在主句中作______成分。
"where he had to stay for treatment" 是______从句,修饰的名词是______,关系副词在从句中作______成分。
主句的主语是______,谓语动词是______。
并列连词 "and" 连接的两个分句分别是______和______。
整个句子中包含______种类型的从句。
二、填空答案与解析
答案:定语;why;reason
解析:"why he didn't come..." 是定语从句,关系副词 why 指代先行词 reason,在从句中作原因状语,说明 “没来学校” 的原因。
答案:表语;that;表语
解析:"that he got ill..." 是表语从句,由 that 引导,位于系动词 is 之后,解释主语 "the reason" 的具体内容。that 在从句中无实际意义,仅起连接作用。
答案:定语;hospital;地点状语
解析:"where he had to stay..." 是定语从句,关系副词 where 指代先行词 hospital,在从句中作地点状语,说明 “住院治疗” 的地点。
答案:The reason;is
解析:主句的主语是 "The reason",谓语动词是 "is",构成主系表结构,核心信息为 “原因是……”。
答案:he got ill at night;his mother had to take him to the hospital
解析:并列连词 "and" 连接表语从句中的两个并列分句,分别说明 “生病” 和 “送医” 两个连续动作。
答案:3
解析:句子包含定语从句(why 引导)、表语从句(that 引导)和定语从句(where 引导),共三种类型的从句。、
三、句子结构成分详细分析
主句:The reason is that...
主语:The reason
谓语:is
表语:that 引导的表语从句
定语从句 1:why he didn't come to school today
引导词:why(指代 reason,作原因状语)
从句结构:he + 谓语(didn't come) + 状语(to school today)
修饰关系:限定主句主语 "reason" 的具体内容。
表语从句:that he got ill at night and his mother had to take him to the hospital...
引导词:that(无实际意义)
并列分句 1:he got ill at night(说明生病时间)
并列分句 2:his mother had to take him to the hospital(说明送医动作)
定语从句:where he had to stay for treatment(修饰 hospital)
定语从句 2:where he had to stay for treatment
引导词:where(指代 hospital,作地点状语)
从句结构:he + 谓语(had to stay) + 目的状语(for treatment)
修饰关系:说明住院的目的。
四、翻译训练
逐部分翻译:
The reason why he didn't come to school today:他今天没来学校的原因
is that:是
he got ill at night:他昨晚生病了
and his mother had to take him to the hospital:他妈妈不得不带他去医院
where he had to stay for treatment:他不得不在那里接受治疗的(医院)
整句翻译:
他今天没来学校的原因是昨晚生病了,他妈妈不得不带他去医院接受治疗。