2026年中考英语长难句训练第三天
原句一：As soon as the teacher announced the competition that required students to create environmental posters, Lily, who has a talent for drawing, decided that she would try her best to win the prize which could help her buy new art supplies.
一、句子成分与结构填空题（共 6 处）
句中 "that required students to create environmental posters" 是______从句，引导词是______，它修饰的先行词是______。
"who has a talent for drawing" 是______从句，引导词是______，它修饰的先行词是______。
"that she would try her best to win the prize" 是______从句，由______引导，在主句中作______成分。
句首 "As soon as the teacher announced the competition" 是______从句，引导词是______，表示______关系。
主句的主语是______，谓语动词是______。
整个句子中包含______种类型的从句。
二、填空答案与解析
答案：定语；that；competition
解析："that required students..." 是定语从句，关系代词 that 指代先行词 "competition"，在从句中作主语，修饰 “比赛” 的具体要求（需要学生创作环保海报）。
答案：定语；who；Lily
解析："who has a talent for drawing" 是定语从句，关系代词 who 指代先行词 "Lily"，在从句中作主语，补充说明 Lily 的特长（有绘画天赋）。
答案：宾语；that；宾语
解析："that she would try..." 是宾语从句，由 that 引导，作主句谓语动词 "decided" 的宾语，说明 Lily “决定” 的具体内容。that 在从句中无实际意义，仅起连接作用。
答案：时间状语；As soon as；时间
解析："As soon as the teacher announced..." 是时间状语从句，由连词 As soon as 引导，说明主句动作 "decided" 发生的时间（老师宣布比赛后立刻决定），表 “一…… 就……” 的时间关系。
答案：Lily；decided
解析：主句为 "Lily...decided that..."，其中 "Lily" 是动作的发出者，作主语；"decided" 是表示 “决定” 的动词，作谓语。
答案：3
解析：句子包含时间状语从句（As soon as 引导）、定语从句（that 引导和 who 引导）、宾语从句（that 引导），共三种类型的从句。
三、句子结构成分详细分析
主句：Lily decided that she would try her best to win the prize which could help her buy new art supplies
主语：Lily
插入语（定语从句）：who has a talent for drawing（修饰 Lily）
谓语：decided
宾语：that 引导的宾语从句
时间状语从句：As soon as the teacher announced the competition that required students to create environmental posters
引导词：As soon as
主语：the teacher
谓语：announced
宾语：the competition
定语从句：that required students to create environmental posters（修饰 competition）
宾语从句：that she would try her best to win the prize which could help her buy new art supplies
引导词：that
主语：she
谓语：would try
目的状语：to win the prize
定语从句：which could help her buy new art supplies（修饰 prize）
定语从句 1：that required students to create environmental posters
引导词：that（指代 competition，作主语）
谓语：required
宾语：students
宾语补足语：to create environmental posters
定语从句 2：who has a talent for drawing
引导词：who（指代 Lily，作主语）
谓语：has
宾语：a talent
后置定语：for drawing
定语从句 3：which could help her buy new art supplies
引导词：which（指代 prize，作主语）
谓语：could help
宾语：her
宾语补足语：to buy new art supplies（to 省略）
四、翻译
逐部分翻译：
As soon as the teacher announced the competition that required students to create environmental posters：老师一宣布需要学生创作环保海报的比赛
Lily, who has a talent for drawing：有绘画天赋的莉莉
decided that she would try her best to win the prize：就决定要尽全力赢得奖品
which could help her buy new art supplies：能帮她买新美术用品的（奖品）
整句翻译：
老师一宣布需要学生创作环保海报的比赛，有绘画天赋的莉莉就决定尽全力赢得能帮她买新美术用品的奖品。
原句二：When the librarian showed us the books that were donated by a famous writer, we learned that reading stories written by others could open up a whole new world for us.
一、句子成分与结构填空题（共 6 处）
句中 "that were donated by a famous writer" 是______从句，引导词是______，它修饰的先行词是______。
"that reading stories written by others could open up a whole new world" 是______从句，由______引导，在主句中作______成分。
句首 "When the librarian showed us the books" 是______从句，引导词是______，表示______关系。
过去分词短语 "written by others" 在句中作______语，修饰名词______。
主句的主语是______，谓语动词是______。
整个句子中包含______种类型的从句。
二、填空答案与解析
答案：定语；that；books
解析："that were donated..." 是定语从句，关系代词 that 指代先行词 "books"，在从句中作主语，修饰 “书” 的来源（由著名作家捐赠）。从句用被动语态 "were donated"，体现 “书被捐赠” 的被动关系。
答案：宾语；that；宾语
解析："that reading stories..." 是宾语从句，由 that 引导，作主句谓语动词 "learned" 的宾语，说明 “我们学到的内容”。that 在从句中无实际意义，仅起连接作用。
答案：时间状语；When；时间
解析："When the librarian showed..." 是时间状语从句，由连词 When 引导，说明主句动作 "learned" 发生的时间背景（图书管理员展示书时），表时间关系。
答案：定；stories
解析："written by others" 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词 "stories"，相当于定语从句 "that were written by others"，说明 “故事的作者”，体现被动关系（故事被他人写）。
答案：we；learned
解析：主句为 "we learned that..."，其中 "we" 是动作的发出者，作主语；"learned" 是表示 “学到” 的动词，作谓语。
答案：2
解析：句子包含时间状语从句（When 引导）和定语从句（that 引导）、宾语从句（that 引导），但从句类型共 2 种（时间状语从句、定语从句、宾语从句虽有 3 个从句，但类型为 2 种：状语从句和名词性从句中的宾语从句、定语从句）。
三、句子结构成分详细分析
主句：we learned that reading stories written by others could open up a whole new world for us
主语：we
谓语：learned
宾语：that 引导的宾语从句
时间状语从句：When the librarian showed us the books that were donated by a famous writer
引导词：When
主语：the librarian
谓语：showed
间接宾语：us
直接宾语：the books
定语从句：that were donated by a famous writer（修饰 books）
宾语从句：that reading stories written by others could open up a whole new world for us
引导词：that
主语：reading stories written by others（动名词短语作主语，其中 "written by others" 修饰 stories）
谓语：could open up
宾语：a whole new world
状语：for us
定语从句：that were donated by a famous writer
引导词：that（指代 books，作主语）
谓语：were donated（被动语态）
动作执行者：by a famous writer
过去分词短语：written by others
逻辑主语：stories（stories 与 write 是被动关系）
作用：修饰 stories，说明故事的创作主体
四、翻译训练
逐部分翻译：
When the librarian showed us the books that were donated by a famous writer：当图书管理员给我们展示那些由著名作家捐赠的书时
we learned：我们明白了
that reading stories written by others could open up a whole new world for us：阅读他人写的故事能为我们打开一个全新的世界
整句翻译：
当图书管理员给我们展示那些由著名作家捐赠的书时，我们明白了阅读他人写的故事能为我们打开一个全新的世界。
