2026年中考英语长难句训练第十天 
原句一:When the students who participated in the "Learning Through Teaching" program taught their peers the math concepts that they had struggled with before, they discovered that teaching others not only deepened their understanding but also built their confidence, which amazed their teachers.(2025湖北) 
一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 6 处)? 
句首 "When the students who participated in the program taught their peers" 是______从句,引导词是______,表示______关系。 
"who participated in the 'Learning Through Teaching' program" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______,引导词在从句中作______成分。 
"that they had struggled with before" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______,引导词在从句中作______成分(可省略)。 
"that teaching others not only deepened their understanding" 是______从句,由______引导,在主句中作______成分。 
"which amazed their teachers" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______(填整个句子或具体名词)。 
并列结构 "not only...but also..." 连接的两个谓语动词是______和______。 
二、填空答案与解析? 
答案:时间状语;When;时间(当…… 时) 
解析:该从句说明主句动作 “发现” 发生的时间背景,When 引导时间状语从句,主从句均用一般过去时(taught/discovered),体现过去同时发生的动作。 
答案:定语;who;students;主语 
解析:who 指代先行词 “students”,在从句中作主语,修饰 “参与项目的学生”,引导词不可省略(作主语时必须保留)。 
答案:定语;that;math concepts;宾语 
解析:that 指代 “math concepts”,在从句中作 “struggled with” 的宾语,可省略;修饰 “之前困扰他们的数学概念”,从句用过去完成时 “had struggled”,强调动作发生在 “taught” 之前。 
答案:宾语;that;宾语 
解析:that 引导宾语从句,作主句谓语 “discovered” 的宾语,说明 “发现的内容”;从句中动名词 “teaching others” 作主语,谓语用单数形式(deepened/built)。 
答案:非限制性定语;which;整个主句(teaching others...built their confidence) 
解析:which 指代主句所述 “教学加深理解并建立自信” 这一事实,在从句中作主语,用逗号与主句隔开,不可用 that 替换。 
答案:deepened;built 
解析:not only...but also... 连接并列谓语,均用一般过去时,与主语 “teaching others”(动名词)的单数形式一致。 
三、句子结构成分详细分析 
主句 
主语:they(指代 students) 
谓语:discovered 
宾语:that 引导的宾语从句 
非限制性定语从句:which amazed their teachers(修饰主句整体) 
时间状语从句 
引导词:When 
主语:the students 
定语从句:who participated in the program(修饰 students) 
谓语:taught 
间接宾语:their peers 
直接宾语:the math concepts 
定语从句:that they had struggled with before(修饰 concepts) 
宾语从句 
引导词:that 
主语:teaching others(动名词短语) 
并列谓语 1:not only deepened their understanding 
并列谓语 2:but also built their confidence 
非限制性定语从句 
引导词:which(指代主句内容) 
谓语:amazed 
宾语:their teachers 
四、翻译 
逐部分翻译:? 
When the students who participated in the "Learning Through Teaching" program:当参与 “以教促学” 项目的学生。 
taught their peers the math concepts that they had struggled with before:向同伴讲解他们之前曾困扰的数学概念时。 
they discovered:他们发现。 
that teaching others not only deepened their understanding but also built their confidence:教授他人不仅加深了自己的理解,还建立了自信。 
which amazed their teachers:这让他们的老师感到惊讶 
整句翻译: 
当参与 “以教促学” 项目的学生向同伴讲解他们之前曾困扰的数学概念时,他们发现,教授他人不仅加深了自己的理解,还建立了自信,这让他们的老师感到惊讶。 
五、语法知识总结 
非限制性定语从句:which 可指代整个主句,用逗号隔开,如 "The sun rises in the east, which is a fact." 
过去完成时:表示 “过去的过去”,如 “had struggled” 发生在 “taught” 之前,常用于定语从句中。 
动名词作主语:谓语动词用单数,如 "Teaching others is helpful." 
并列结构:not only...but also... 需连接相同成分,本句中连接两个谓语动词,时态和人称需一致。 
原句二:While scientists were developing the AI system that can predict natural disasters accurately, they realized that its potential was so great that it could even save millions of lives worldwide, which has become the focus of global research.(2025浙江模拟) 
一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 6 处) 
句首 "While scientists were developing the AI system" 是______从句,引导词是______,表示______关系,从句用______时态(填时态名称)。 
"that can predict natural disasters accurately" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______,引导词在从句中作______成分。 
"that its potential was so great" 是______从句,由______引导,在主句中作______成分。 
"so great that it could even save millions of lives" 是______从句,核心结构是______,表示______关系。 
"which has become the focus of global research" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______(填整个句子或具体名词)。 
主句的主语是______,谓语动词是______。 
二、填空答案与解析 
答案:时间状语;While;同时(伴随);过去进行时 
解析:While 引导时间状语从句,强调主句动作 "realized" 与从句动作 "were developing" 同时发生,从句用过去进行时体现动作的持续性,如 "While I was reading, she was writing." 
答案:定语;that;AI system;主语 
解析:that 指代先行词 "AI system",在从句中作主语(系统能预测灾害),修饰 “能精准预测自然灾害的人工智能系统”,引导词不可省略(作主语时必须保留)。 
答案:宾语;that;宾语 
解析:that 引导宾语从句,作主句谓语 "realized" 的宾语,说明科学家 “意识到的内容”。that 无实际意义,从句用一般过去时 "was" 呼应主句时态。 
答案:结果状语;so...that...;结果(如此…… 以至于……) 
解析:so + 形容词(great)+that 引导结果状语从句,表 “潜力如此之大以至于能拯救生命”,区别于表目的的 so that,如 "The box is so heavy that I can't carry it." 
答案:非限制性定语;which;整个主句(its potential was so great...save lives) 
解析:which 指代主句所述 “AI 潜力巨大能拯救生命” 这一事实,在从句中作主语,用逗号隔开,不可用 that 替换,如 "She won the prize, which made her happy." 
答案:they;realized 
解析:主句为 "they realized that...","they" 指代前文的 "scientists",作主语;"realized" 是一般过去时谓语,是主句的核心动作。 
三、句子结构成分详细分析 
1. 主句 
主语:they(科学家) 
谓语:realized 
宾语:that 引导的宾语从句 
非限制性定语从句:which has become...(修饰主句整体) 
2. 时间状语从句 
引导词:While 
主语:scientists 
谓语:were developing(过去进行时) 
宾语:the AI system 
定语从句:that can predict...(修饰 system) 
3. 定语从句(修饰 AI system) 
引导词:that(作主语) 
谓语:can predict 
宾语:natural disasters 
状语:accurately(方式状语) 
4. 宾语从句 
引导词:that 
主语:its potential(系统的潜力) 
系动词:was 
表语:so great 
结果状语从句:that it could even save... 
5. 结果状语从句 
引导词:that(与 so 搭配) 
主语:it(指代 potential) 
谓语:could save 
宾语:millions of lives 
状语:worldwide(地点状语) 
6. 非限制性定语从句 
引导词:which(指代主句内容) 
谓语:has become(现在完成时) 
表语:the focus of global research 
四、翻译训练 
逐部分翻译: 
While scientists were developing the AI system that can predict natural disasters accurately:当科学家们在研发能精准预测自然灾害的人工智能系统时 
they realized:他们意识到 
that its potential was so great:它的潜力如此之大 
that it could even save millions of lives worldwide:以至于它甚至能拯救全世界数百万人的生命 
which has become the focus of global research:这已成为全球研究的焦点 
整句翻译: 
当科学家们在研发能精准预测自然灾害的人工智能系统时,他们意识到,其潜力如此之大,甚至能拯救全世界数百万人的生命,这已成为全球研究的焦点。 
五、语法知识总结 
While 引导的时间状语从句: 
常与进行时态连用,强调动作同时进行,如 "While he was cooking, the phone rang." 
非限制性定语从句: 
which 可指代整个主句,用逗号隔开,不可用 that,如 "The project was a success, which made us proud." 
so...that... 与 so that 的区别: 
结构 
功能 
例句 
so...that... 
表结果 
The book is so interesting that I read it twice. 
so that 
表目的 
He got up early so that he could catch the bus. 
时态呼应: 
主句用一般过去时(realized),宾语从句用一般过去时(was),结果状语从句用过去将来时(could save),体现时态一致性。 
固定搭配: 
predict natural disasters 预测自然灾害; 
save millions of lives 拯救数百万人的生命; 
the focus of global research 全球研究的焦点。 
原句三:After the volunteers who had visited the elderly community noticed that some seniors struggled to use smart phones, they organized workshops where tech-savvy students taught basic phone functions, which greatly improved the seniors' daily lives.(2025江苏模拟) 
一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 6 处) 
句首 "After the volunteers who had visited the elderly community noticed that..." 是______从句,引导词是______,表示______关系,从句中 "had visited" 使用______时态(填时态名称)。 
"who had visited the elderly community" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______,引导词在从句中作______成分。 
"that some seniors struggled to use smart phones" 是______从句,由______引导,在主句中作______成分。 
"where tech-savvy students taught basic phone functions" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______,在从句中作______成分。 
"which greatly improved the seniors' daily lives" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______(填整个句子或具体名词)。 
主句的主语是______,谓语动词是______。 
二、填空答案与解析 
答案:时间状语;After;时间(在…… 之后);过去完成时 
解析:After 引导时间状语从句,表 “志愿者注意到老人的困难后”,主句动作才发生。"had visited" 是过去完成时,表示 “访问老年社区” 发生在 “注意到问题” 之前,体现 “过去的过去”。 
答案:定语;who;volunteers;主语 
解析:who 指代先行词 "volunteers",在从句中作主语(执行 “访问” 的动作),修饰 “曾访问过老年社区的志愿者”,引导词不可省略。 
答案:宾语;that;宾语 
解析:that 引导宾语从句,作主句谓语 "noticed" 的宾语,说明志愿者 “注意到的内容”。that 无实际意义,从句用一般过去时 "struggled" 呼应主句时态。 
答案:定语;where;workshops;地点状语 
解析:where 指代先行词 "workshops",在从句中作地点状语(“在工作坊里” 教学),修饰 “教授手机功能的工作坊”,相当于 "in which"。 
答案:非限制性定语;which;整个主句(they organized workshops...taught functions) 
解析:which 指代主句 “组织工作坊教手机功能” 这一行为,在从句中作主语,用逗号隔开,不可用 that 替换,强调该行为对老人生活的影响。 
答案:they;organized 
解析:主句为 "they organized workshops...","they" 指代前文的 "volunteers",作主语;"organized" 是一般过去时谓语,是主句的核心动作。 
三、句子结构成分详细分析 
主句 
主语:they(志愿者) 
谓语:organized 
宾语:workshops 
定语从句:where tech-savvy students taught...(修饰 workshops) 
非限制性定语从句:which greatly improved...(修饰主句整体) 
时间状语从句 
引导词:After 
主语:the volunteers 
定语从句:who had visited the elderly community(修饰 volunteers) 
谓语:noticed 
宾语:that 引导的宾语从句(some seniors struggled...) 
定语从句 1(修饰 volunteers) 
引导词:who(作主语) 
谓语:had visited(过去完成时) 
宾语:the elderly community 
宾语从句 
引导词:that 
主语:some seniors 
谓语:struggled 
宾语:to use smart phones(不定式短语作宾语) 
定语从句 2(修饰 workshops) 
引导词:where(作地点状语) 
主语:tech-savvy students 
谓语:taught 
宾语:basic phone functions 
非限制性定语从句 
引导词:which(指代主句内容) 
谓语:improved 
宾语:the seniors' daily lives 
状语:greatly(程度状语) 
四、翻译训练 
逐部分翻译: 
After the volunteers who had visited the elderly community noticed that some seniors struggled to use smart phones:在曾访问过老年社区的志愿者注意到一些老人使用智能手机有困难后 
they organized workshops:他们组织了工作坊 
where tech-savvy students taught basic phone functions:让精通技术的学生在工作坊里教授基本的手机功能 
which greatly improved the seniors' daily lives:这极大地改善了老人们的日常生活 
整句翻译: 
在曾访问过老年社区的志愿者注意到一些老人使用智能手机有困难后,他们组织了工作坊,让精通技术的学生在里面教授基本的手机功能,这极大地改善了老人们的日常生活。 
五、语法知识总结 
过去完成时的用法: 
结构为 "had + 过去分词",表示 “过去某一时间之前已完成的动作”,如 "had visited" 发生在 "noticed" 之前,常用于定语从句或时间状语从句中。 
非限制性定语从句: 
用逗号与主句隔开,which 可指代整个主句,不可用 that,如 "The team won the game, which made us excited." 
定语从句引导词 where: 
指代地点名词(如 workshops),在从句中作地点状语,相当于 "in/at which",如 "the place where we met" = "the place at which we met"。 
固定搭配: 
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事; 
tech-savvy students 精通技术的学生; 
basic phone functions 基本手机功能; 
improve daily lives 改善日常生活。