2026年中考英语长难句训练第十一天

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名称 2026年中考英语长难句训练第十一天
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2026年中考英语长难句训练第十一天
原句一:When the archaeologists who had been working on the Longmen Grottoes restoration project for years found that some ancient carvings were damaged by environmental factors like water seepage and acid rain, they developed a special preservation method that combined traditional stone-carving techniques with modern 3D scanning technology, which has become a model for cultural heritage protection worldwide.(2025河南)
一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 6 处)
句首"When the archaeologists who had been working on the Longmen Grottoes restoration project for years found that..." 是______从句,引导词是______,表示______关系,从句中 "had been working" 使用______时态(填时态名称)。
"who had been working on the Longmen Grottoes restoration project for years" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______,引导词在从句中作______成分。
"that some ancient carvings were damaged by environmental factors" 是______从句,由______引导,在主句中作______成分。
"that combined traditional stone-carving techniques with modern 3D scanning technology" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______。
"which has become a model for cultural heritage protection worldwide" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______(填整个句子或具体名词)。
并列结构 "combined...with..." 连接的两个宾语是______和______。
二、填空答案与解析
答案:时间状语;When;时间(当…… 时);过去完成进行时
解析:When 引导时间状语从句,强调主句动作 "developed" 与从句动作 "had been working" 的时间关系。"had been working" 是过去完成进行时,表示“多年持续修复”的动作在“发现损坏”之前已持续进行,如 "She had been studying for 5 hours before the exam."
答案:定语;who;archaeologists;主语
解析:who 指代先行词 "archaeologists",在从句中作主语(执行“修复”的动作),修饰“多年致力于龙门石窟修复的考古学家”,引导词不可省略(作主语时必须保留)。
答案:宾语;that;宾语
解析:that 引导宾语从句,作主句谓语 "found" 的宾语,说明考古学家“发现的内容”。that 无实际意义,从句用一般过去时被动语态 "were damaged",呼应主句时态。
答案:定语;that;preservation method
解析:that 指代先行词 "preservation method",在从句中作主语(方法结合了传统与现代技术),修饰“特殊保护方法”,引导词不可省略。
答案:非限制性定语;which;整个主句(they developed a special preservation method...)
解析:which 指代主句所述“开发保护方法”这一创新举措,在从句中作主语,用逗号隔开,不可用 that 替换,如 "The project succeeded, which amazed everyone."
答案:traditional stone-carving techniques;modern 3D scanning technology
解析:combined...with... 连接两个并列宾语,前者为传统石雕技艺,后者为现代 3D 扫描技术,体现“传统与现代结合”的保护理念。
三、句子结构成分详细分析
1. 主句
主语:they(考古学家)
谓语:developed
宾语:a special preservation method
定语从句:that combined...technology(修饰 method)
非限制性定语从句:which has become...(修饰主句整体)
2. 时间状语从句
引导词:When
主语:the archaeologists
定语从句:who had been working...(修饰 archaeologists)
谓语:found
宾语:that 引导的宾语从句(some ancient carvings were damaged...)
3. 定语从句 1(修饰 archaeologists)
引导词:who(作主语)
谓语:had been working(过去完成进行时)
状语:for years(时间状语)
宾语:the Longmen Grottoes restoration project
4. 宾语从句
引导词:that
主语:some ancient carvings
谓语:were damaged(一般过去时被动语态)
动作执行者:by environmental factors
举例说明:like water seepage and acid rain(介词短语作后置定语)
5. 定语从句 2(修饰 preservation method)
引导词:that(作主语)
谓语:combined
宾语 1:traditional stone-carving techniques
宾语 2:modern 3D scanning technology
状语:with(表示“结合”的方式)
6. 非限制性定语从句
引导词:which(指代主句内容)
谓语:has become(现在完成时)
表语:a model for cultural heritage protection worldwide
状语:worldwide(地点状语)
四、翻译
逐部分翻译:
When the archaeologists who had been working on the Longmen Grottoes restoration project for years found that some ancient carvings were damaged by environmental factors like water seepage and acid rain:当多年来一直致力于龙门石窟修复项目的考古学家们发现一些古代雕刻因渗水和酸雨等环境因素受损时
they developed a special preservation method:他们研发了一种特殊的保护方法
that combined traditional stone-carving techniques with modern 3D scanning technology:这种方法将传统石雕技艺与现代 3D 扫描技术相结合
which has become a model for cultural heritage protection worldwide:这已成为全球文化遗产保护的典范
整句翻译:
当多年来一直致力于龙门石窟修复项目的考古学家们发现一些古代雕刻因渗水和酸雨等环境因素受损时,他们研发了一种将传统石雕技艺与现代 3D 扫描技术相结合的特殊保护方法,这已成为全球文化遗产保护的典范。
五、语法知识总结
过去完成进行时:
结构为 "had been + 现在分词",表示“过去某一时间之前持续进行的动作”,如 "She had been waiting for 2 hours before he arrived."
非限制性定语从句:
which 可指代整个主句,用逗号隔开,不可用 that,如 "The invention was a success, which made the team proud."
被动语态:
"were damaged by environmental factors" 中,被动语态强调动作承受者(雕刻)和执行者(环境因素),如 "The book was written by Lu Xun."
固定搭配:
restoration project 修复项目;
combine...with... 将…… 与…… 结合;
cultural heritage protection 文化遗产保护。
原句二:When farmers in Shandong who had been using traditional planting methods for generations found that crop yields were decreasing due to climate change, they introduced a smart farming system that combines IoT sensors with AI algorithms, which has not only increased production by 40% but also reduced water consumption in the province's major agricultural areas.(2025山东)
一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 6 处)
句首 "When farmers in Shandong who had been using traditional methods found that..." 是______从句,引导词是______,表示______关系,从句中 "had been using" 使用______时态。
"who had been using traditional planting methods for generations" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______,引导词在从句中作______成分。
"that crop yields were decreasing due to climate change" 是______从句,由______引导,在主句中作______成分。
"that combines IoT sensors with AI algorithms" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______。
"which has not only increased production by 40% but also reduced water consumption" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______(填整个句子或具体名词)。
并列结构 "not only...but also..." 连接的两个谓语动词是______和______。
二、填空答案与解析
答案:时间状语;When;时间;过去完成进行时
解析:When 引导时间状语从句,表“当山东农民发现产量下降时”,"had been using" 是过去完成进行时,强调“世代沿用传统方法”的动作在“发现问题”前持续进行。
答案:定语;who;farmers;主语
解析:who 指代先行词 "farmers",在从句中作主语,修饰“山东世代使用传统方法的农民”,引导词不可省略。
答案:宾语;that;宾语
解析:that 引导宾语从句,作主句谓语 "found" 的宾语,说明农民“发现的内容”,从句用过去进行时 "were decreasing" 呼应主句时态。
答案:定语;that;smart farming system
解析:that 指代先行词 "system",在从句中作主语,修饰“融合物联网传感器与 AI 算法的智能农业系统”。
答案:非限制性定语;which;整个主句(they introduced a smart farming system...)
解析:which 指代主句“引入智能系统”这一行为,在从句中作主语,用逗号隔开,强调该系统对农业的影响。
答案:increased;reduced
解析:not only...but also... 连接并列谓语,均用现在完成时,与主语 which(指代行为)的单数形式一致。
三、句子结构成分详细分析
主句
主语:they(山东农民)
谓语:introduced
宾语:a smart farming system
定语从句:that combines...algorithms(修饰 system)
非限制性定语从句:which has increased...(修饰主句整体)
时间状语从句
引导词:When
主语:farmers in Shandong
定语从句:who had been using...(修饰 farmers)
谓语:found
宾语:that 引导的宾语从句(crop yields were decreasing...)
宾语从句
主语:crop yields
谓语:were decreasing
原因状语:due to climate change
定语从句(修饰 system)
谓语:combines
宾语 1:IoT sensors
宾语 2:AI algorithms
非限制性定语从句
并列谓语 1:has increased production by 40%
并列谓语 2:has reduced water consumption
地点状语:in the province's major agricultural areas
四、翻译训练
逐部分翻译:
When farmers in Shandong who had been using traditional planting methods for generations found that crop yields were decreasing due to climate change:当山东世代使用传统种植方法的农民发现由于气候变化导致作物产量下降时
they introduced a smart farming system:他们引入了一种智能农业系统
that combines IoT sensors with AI algorithms:该系统将物联网传感器与人工智能算法相结合
which has not only increased production by 40% but also reduced water consumption in the province's major agricultural areas:这不仅使产量提高了 40%,还减少了该省主要农业区的用水量
整句翻译:
当山东世代使用传统种植方法的农民发现由于气候变化导致作物产量下降时,他们引入了一种将物联网传感器与人工智能算法相结合的智能农业系统,这不仅使产量提高了 40%,还减少了该省主要农业区的用水量。
五、语法知识总结
过去完成进行时:表示“过去某时前持续进行的动作”,如 "had been using" 强调“长期沿用传统方法”。
非限制性定语从句:which 指代整个主句,不可用 that,如 "The project succeeded, which inspired others."
due to 与 because of:均表原因,后接名词 / 短语,如 "due to climate change"。
固定搭配:
traditional planting methods 传统种植方法;
combine...with... 将…… 与…… 结合;
crop yields 作物产量;
water consumption 水消耗量。
原句三:Although teenagers in Guangdong who have been facing increasing academic pressure recently found that sharing their feelings with parents or teachers could relieve stress, some still hesitate to do so, which shows the importance of mental health education in middle schools.(2025广东)
一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 6 处)
句首 "Although teenagers in Guangdong who have been facing pressure found that..." 是______从句,引导词是______,表示______关系,从句中 "have been facing" 使用______时态。
"who have been facing increasing academic pressure recently" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______,引导词在从句中作______成分。
"that sharing their feelings with parents or teachers could relieve stress" 是______从句,由______引导,在主句中作______成分。
"which shows the importance of mental health education" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______(填整个句子或具体名词)。
主句的主语是______,谓语动词是______。
介词短语 "with parents or teachers" 在从句中作______成分。
二、填空答案与解析
答案:让步状语;Although;转折(尽管);现在完成进行时
解析:Although 引导让步状语从句,表“尽管青少年发现分享感受能缓解压力,但仍有犹豫”的转折关系。"have been facing" 是现在完成进行时,强调“持续面临学业压力”的持续性,如 "They have been studying for hours."
答案:定语;who;teenagers;主语
解析:who 指代先行词 "teenagers",在从句中作主语(执行“面临压力”的动作),修饰“广东近期面临学业压力的青少年”,引导词不可省略(作主语时必须保留)。
答案:宾语;that;宾语
解析:that 引导宾语从句,作主句谓语 "found" 的宾语,说明青少年“发现的内容”。that 无实际意义,从句用过去式 "could relieve" 呼应主句时态,表过去认知。
答案:非限制性定语;which;整个主句(teenagers found that sharing...relieve stress)
解析:which 指代主句所述“青少年发现分享感受能缓解压力但仍犹豫”这一现象,在从句中作主语,用逗号隔开,不可用 that 替换,如 "The study showed positive results, which surprised researchers."
答案:some;hesitate
解析:主句为 "some still hesitate to do so","some" 指代前文 "teenagers",作主语;"hesitate" 是一般现在时谓语,体现“当前仍犹豫”的状态,与从句现在完成进行时形成时态对比。
答案:状语(方式状语)
解析:"with parents or teachers" 是介词短语,修饰动名词 "sharing",表示“与父母或老师分享”的对象,作方式状语,符合 "share sth. with sb." 固定搭配。
三、句子结构成分详细分析
1. 主句
主语:some(teenagers)
谓语:hesitate
宾语:to do so(不定式短语作宾语)
非限制性定语从句:which shows...(修饰主句整体)
2. 让步状语从句
引导词:Although
主语:teenagers in Guangdong
定语从句:who have been facing...(修饰 teenagers)
谓语:found
宾语:that 引导的宾语从句(sharing feelings could relieve stress)
3. 定语从句(修饰 teenagers)
引导词:who(作主语)
谓语:have been facing(现在完成进行时)
宾语:increasing academic pressure
状语:recently(时间状语)
4. 宾语从句
引导词:that
主语:sharing their feelings with parents or teachers(动名词短语)
谓语:could relieve
宾语:stress
5. 非限制性定语从句
引导词:which(指代主句内容)
谓语:shows
宾语:the importance of mental health education
地点状语:in middle schools(修饰 importance)
四、翻译训练
逐部分翻译:
Although teenagers in Guangdong who have been facing increasing academic pressure recently found that sharing their feelings with parents or teachers could relieve stress:尽管广东青少年近期面临日益增加的学习压力,他们发现与父母或老师分享感受能缓解压力
some still hesitate to do so:一些人仍然犹豫是否这样做
which shows the importance of mental health education in middle schools:这表明了中学心理健康教育的重要性
整句翻译:
尽管广东青少年近期面临日益增加的学习压力,他们发现与父母或老师分享感受可以缓解压力,但一些人仍然犹豫不决,这凸显了中学心理健康教育的重要性。
五、语法知识总结
现在完成进行时:
结构为 "have/has been + 现在分词",强调动作从过去持续到现在且可能继续,如 "She has been facing challenges since last year."
非限制性定语从句:
which 可指代整个主句,用逗号隔开,不可用 that,如 "The survey had a low response rate, which affected its validity."
动名词作主语:
"sharing their feelings" 是动名词短语作宾语从句的主语,谓语动词用单数(could relieve),如 "Reading books improves vocabulary."
固定搭配:
face academic pressure 面临学业压力;
share feelings with sb. 与某人分享感受;
relieve stress 缓解压力;
mental health education 心理健康教育。
时态对比:
从句用现在完成进行时(have been facing)表持续压力,主句用一般现在时(hesitate)表当前状态,体现“压力持续但应对行为存在差异”的逻辑。