2026年中考英语长难句训练第四天

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名称 2026年中考英语长难句训练第四天
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2026年中考英语长难句训练第四天
原句一:Scientists have discovered that plants can communicate with each other through underground networks formed by fungi(真菌), which allows them to share nutrients(营养) and warn each other of dangers like insect attacks.
一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 6 处)
句中 "that plants can communicate with each other" 是______从句,由______引导,在主句中作______成分。
"formed by fungi" 是______短语,修饰名词______,相当于定语从句______。
"which allows them to share nutrients" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______。
主句的主语是______,谓语动词是______。
并列连词 "and" 连接的两个动词短语分别是______和______。
整个句子中包含______种类型的从句。
二、填空答案与解析
答案:宾语;that;宾语
解析:"that plants can communicate..." 是宾语从句,由 that 引导,作主句谓语动词 "discovered" 的宾语,说明科学家的发现内容。that 在从句中无实际意义,仅起连接作用。
答案:过去分词;networks;which are formed by fungi
解析:"formed by fungi" 是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词 "networks",相当于定语从句 "which are formed by fungi",说明地下网络的形成方式(由真菌构成)。
答案:定语;which;networks
解析:"which allows them to share nutrients" 是定语从句,关系代词 which 指代先行词 "networks",在从句中作主语,修饰 “地下网络” 的功能(允许植物共享营养)。
答案:Scientists;have discovered
解析:主句为 "Scientists have discovered that...",其中 "Scientists" 是动作的发出者,作主语;"have discovered" 是表示 “发现” 的现在完成时动词短语,作谓语。
答案:share nutrients;warn each other of dangers
解析:并列连词 "and" 连接定语从句中的两个动词短语,分别说明地下网络的两种功能(共享营养和互相警告危险)。
答案:2
解析:句子包含宾语从句(that 引导)和定语从句(which 引导),共两种类型的从句。三、句子结构成分详细分析
主句:Scientists have discovered that...
主语:Scientists
谓语:have discovered
宾语:that 引导的宾语从句
宾语从句:that plants can communicate with each other through underground networks formed by fungi
引导词:that
主语:plants
谓语:can communicate
状语:with each other(方式状语)
状语:through underground networks formed by fungi(途径状语)
后置定语:formed by fungi(修饰 networks)
定语从句:which allows them to share nutrients and warn each other of dangers like insect attacks
引导词:which(指代 networks,作主语)
谓语:allows
宾语:them
宾语补足语:to share nutrients and warn each other of dangers
举例说明:like insect attacks(修饰 dangers)
四、翻译
逐部分翻译:
Scientists have discovered that:科学家发现
plants can communicate with each other:植物可以互相交流
through underground networks formed by fungi:通过由真菌构成的地下网络
which allows them to share nutrients:这使得它们能够共享营养
and warn each other of dangers like insect attacks:并互相警告像昆虫袭击这样的危险
整句翻译:
科学家发现,植物可以通过由真菌构成的地下网络互相交流,这使得它们能够共享营养并互相警告像昆虫袭击这样的危险。
原句二:Though she felt nervous when she stood on the stage, Anna delivered the speech that she had prepared for weeks and finally won the first prize her teacher had predicted.
一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 6 处)
句首 "Though she felt nervous" 是______从句,引导词是______,表示______关系。
"when she stood on the stage" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰主句中______的时间。
"that she had prepared for weeks" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______。
"her teacher had predicted" 是______从句,修饰的名词是______,关系代词在从句中作______成分(已省略)。
主句的主语是______,谓语动词是______和______(并列谓语)。
整个句子中包含______种类型的从句。
二、填空答案与解析
答案:让步状语;Though;转折(让步)
解析:"Though she felt nervous" 是让步状语从句,由 Though 引导,表 “虽然…… 但是……” 的转折关系,说明 Anna 尽管紧张但仍完成了演讲。Though 不能与 but 连用,这是中考高频易错点。
答案:时间状语;when;felt nervous
解析:"when she stood on the stage" 是时间状语从句,由 when 引导,修饰主句中 "felt nervous" 的时间(站在舞台上时感到紧张),说明紧张的场景背景。
答案:定语;that;speech
解析:"that she had prepared for weeks" 是定语从句,关系代词 that 指代先行词 "speech",在从句中作宾语,说明演讲的准备时长(准备了数周)。从句用过去完成时 "had prepared",强调动作发生在主句动作 "delivered" 之前。
答案:定语;first prize;宾语
解析:"her teacher had predicted" 是省略关系代词的定语从句,完整形式为 "that/which her teacher had predicted",修饰先行词 "first prize";关系代词在从句中作 "predicted" 的宾语,故可省略。
答案:Anna;delivered;won
解析:主句为 "Anna delivered the speech... and finally won the first prize...",其中 "Anna" 是动作的发出者,作主语;"delivered"(发表)和 "won"(赢得)是并列谓语,由 and 连接,体现动作的连贯性。
答案:3
解析:句子包含让步状语从句(Though 引导)、时间状语从句(when 引导)、定语从句(that 引导和省略引导词),共三种类型的从句。
三、句子结构成分详细分析
主句:Anna delivered the speech that she had prepared for weeks and finally won the first prize her teacher had predicted
主语:Anna
并列谓语 1:delivered
宾语 1:the speech
定语从句 1:that she had prepared for weeks(修饰 speech)
并列连词:and
并列谓语 2:won
宾语 2:the first prize
定语从句 2:her teacher had predicted(修饰 first prize)
让步状语从句:Though she felt nervous
引导词:Though
主语:she
系动词:felt
表语:nervous
时间状语从句:when she stood on the stage
引导词:when
主语:she
谓语:stood
地点状语:on the stage
作用:修饰 "felt nervous" 的时间
定语从句 1:that she had prepared for weeks
引导词:that(指代 speech,作 prepared 的宾语)
主语:she
谓语:had prepared
时间状语:for weeks
定语从句 2:her teacher had predicted
引导词:省略(原应为 that/which,指代 first prize)
主语:her teacher
谓语:had predicted
宾语:first prize(承前省略)
四、翻译训练
逐部分翻译:
Though she felt nervous when she stood on the stage:虽然她站在舞台上时感到紧张
Anna delivered the speech that she had prepared for weeks:安娜发表了她准备了数周的演讲
and finally won the first prize her teacher had predicted:并最终赢得了老师之前预测的一等奖
整句翻译:
虽然安娜站在舞台上时感到紧张,但她发表了准备数周的演讲,最终赢得了老师之前预测的一等奖。