牛津上海版英语八年级上册Unit4 Numbers Reading教案

Unit
4.
Number：Everyone’s
Language
Reading
章节分析（Reading
section
）
综述
本单元的阅读部份是关于数字的几篇短文。对
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学生来说，
有些内容是熟悉的，
有些则是新鲜的。教师应充分利用学生的已有知识和兴趣来引导学生进行阅读。对于基数词和序数词，因为学生在小学和中预时已经学过,比较熟悉，
教师应通过对数字运算及数字游戏来加深同学对数词的印象，进而引入对加、减等较陌生数学符号的教学，由浅入深。本篇阅读中还出现了一些核心词汇如：
amazing,
be
made
up
of
等，也是本篇的教学重点。
本课的任务有两个：
学生通过对课文的学习。掌握一些核心词汇，例如，amazing,
be
made
up
of等。
通过学习课文，了解数，
能用英语讲述基本的数学运算。
（二）阅读目标
知识目标
学习课文中重点词、词组、句型和语法。
能力目标
通过阅读进一步了解数字，
同时能掌握基数词，和序数词的用法。
情感目标
通过对数字、符号等学习，唤起同学对数学这门学科的浓厚兴趣。
（三）教学方法
采用任务型教学法组织教学，通过听说，讨论等具体活动，达到教学效果。
（四）重点和难点
词汇学习
核心词汇：
accurate,
amazing，ang
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le,
at
least,
be
made
up
of，brain,
calculate,
calculator,
consist
of,
develop,
divide,
electronic,
especially,
even,
figure,
following,
human,
invent,
invention,
odd,
powerful,
program,
time,
copy,
decision,
fellow,
not
at
all
拓展词汇：
abacus
,
bead,
calcu
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lation,
compasses,
decimal,
fraction,
lifetime,
living,
measure,
multiply,
percentage,
protractor,
represent,
square
root,
subtract,
announcement,
gift,
wrongly,
graph
1)
句型学习
Abacuses
are
so
fast
and
accurate
that
people
still
use
them
today.
Shakuntala’s
brain
took
fifty
seconds
to
find
the
answer
教学设计（Teaching
Designs）
教学内容
教学实施建议
教学资源参考
Pre-reading
1）复习以前学过的数词，通过游戏使学生对数词有一个熟悉的过程
2）通过brainstor
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m
和图片来引进一些加，减,等较难的单词，通过这些符号的学习加深对数词的学习，从而达到对本课的理解。
同时和平时的数学课联系向学生介绍
具体处理这部分内容的建议
《牛津英语教学参考》
While-reading
这是本课的重点部分.要求老师与学生一起走进数字世界.同时初步了解整篇课文的布局①讲解课文：
A.
通过图片引入单词B．接下来的环节
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是Further
understanding
of
the
text。
学生在这一环节里，可以用新的单词和句型来讲述文中的数字的形成、计算机和电脑。这个设计安排既可以回顾课文的主要内容，还可以看出学生的理解是否准确，很多精彩的智慧火花会在这一刻出现。C讨论文章四段大D.
重点词汇及句式讲解E．Consolidation
and
conclusion
指导学生完成课文后的P50
Ex
C1、C2,C3.
Post-reading
同时推荐学生阅读补充材料：
链接1
说明：对于Pre-reading
的PPT处理
链接2
说明：通过图片介绍数学符号和数学用具
链接3
说明：通过图片引入古代数字，
算盘，
计算机和电脑
链接4
说明：课文讲解及重点句型的介绍。课文提问及重点句型的介绍1.
According
to
the
text
ask
the
question:In
what
way,
did
people
all
count
in
the
same
way what
did
people
write
in
many
different
ways Who
invented
the
zero Why
was
the
zero
a
very
important
invention Which
is
one
of
the
first
calculating
machines How
do
people
describe
the
abacuses Why
do
say
computers
are
very
powerful Is
a
human
brain
more
powerful
than
a
computer
Why
2.
Change
the
following
sentencesThis
maths
problem
is
too
difficult
to
work
out.The
camera
is
too
expensive
for
her
to
buy.Tony
is
old
enough
to
go
to
school.The
hole
is
too
small
for
the
dog
to
go
into.These
vegetables
are
fresh
enough
for
us
to
like
to
eat.the
schools
is
to
far
away
for
wei
wei
to
go
on
foot.The
music
is
to
soft
for
him
to
hear.the
bird
is
too
high
for
us
to
see.3.
Rewrite
sentences
1.
I
spent
two
days
doing
this
job.2.
Tommy
paid
25
yuan
for
this
shirt.3.
Sandy
spent
135
dollar
on
this
bicycle.4
The
students
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
class
Four
spent
two
hours
finishing
their
homework.5.
Fangfang
paid
100yuan
for
all
of
the
books.
1.
链接5
课文提文及重点句型课文讲解1
at
least
意为“至少”，“无论如何；不管怎样”。如：He
has
waited
for
you
at
least
30
minutes.他等了你至少30分钟You
might
at
least
answer
你不管怎样该给个答复。At
least
的反义词是at
most（至多；最多）Language是名词，意为“语言”。
language
的搭配是speak
a
language。如：People
in
different
countries
speak
different
languages。不同国家的人说不同的语言。Language的常用搭配还有：An
official
language
官方语言
spoken/oral
language口语The
Chinese
language
汉语
written
language
书面语言2
In
ancient
time
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s,
people
wrote
numbers
in
many
different
ways,
as
these
pictures
of
the
number
6
show.古时候，人们以不同的方式书写数字，正如那些表示数字6的图片所示。Ancient
是形容词，意为“古代的”，“很久以前的”。又如：The
ancient
Chinese
wore
different
clothes
from
the
modern
Chinese.中国古人与现代人穿的衣服完全不同。Ancient
的反义词是modern
（a
现代的；现代化的）times
与time
不同，前者表示“某个时代”，而后者表示“时间”。如：In
Shakespeare’s
times,
not
many
people
could
read.在莎士比亚时代，没有多少人认识字。Times
的近义词是age
（n
时代）In
ancient
times
是“在古代
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”，“很久以前”的意思。我们也可以用long
go,
long,
或
once
upon
a
time来表示“从前”或“很久以前”之意。
本例中，as
是个介词，意为“正如”，“像……一样”。又如：She
works
in
the
same
building
as
my
sister
她和我妹妹在同一大楼上班。3．
However,
they
nearly
all
counted
in
the
same
way—in
tens.然而，它们的计数方式都是一致的—十进制。Nearly是个副词，表示“大约”，“接近”，“差不多”的意思。又如：I’m
nearly
16.it’s
my
birthday
next
week.我就快16岁了，下个礼拜是我生日。Almost
与nearly
意思相近，当与动词、副词、形容词及名词连用时，可互换，如：It’s
nearly
lunchtime
=it’s
almost
lunchtime。
快到午饭时间了。但Almost
可以和no
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
、none
、never
、nothing
等不定代词连用，而nearly
则不可；nearly
常用在含有not
的否定句中，而almost
则不可与not
单独连用。如：There’s
almost
no
water
left
in
the
bottle.瓶子里水快没了。It
is
not
nearly
so
pretty
as
it
was
before
这远不及以前漂亮了。4．The
system
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
of
numbers
that
nearly
everyone
uses
today
consists
of
the
numbers
from
1
to
9
and
0(zero).今天几乎所有人使用的数字系统都包含从1到9和0这十个数字。Consist
of
是“包括”，“由……组成”的意思。consist
没有被动舆台，因此不可以说成is
consisted
of。如：The
class
consists
of
22boys
and
18
girls.这个班级是由22个男生和18个女生组成的。Consist
of
与be
made
up
of意思相近。因此，上句也可改写为：The
class
is
made
up
of
22boys
and
18
girls.这个班级是由22个男生和18个女生组成的。5．The
Indians
first
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
invented
and
developed
the
1
to
9
system
of
numbers.印度人最早发明并建立了从1到9的数字系统。动词Invent
是“发明”，“创造”之意。如：Who
invented
the
bicycle
谁发明了自行车？与之相关的派生词有：inventor
n.发明者；发明家Thomas
Edison
was
a
great
inventor
in
the
American
history.托马斯`爱迪生是美国历史上一位伟大的发明家。Invention
n.发明，发明物Invention作“发明”解时，是不可数名词。如：The
invention
of
telephones
and
telegrams
made
the
world
different.电话与电报的发明使世界不同以往。Invention
作“发明物”的解时，是可数名词。如：His
6000
inventions
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
included
the
electric
light,
the
phonograph,
and
the
mimeograph
machine.他作出了6000项发明，包括电灯泡、留声机和油印机。动词Develop
为“发展”，“开发”之意，如：Some
children
develop
more
slowly
than
others.有的儿童比其他儿童发育得慢。Develop的派生词有：Development
n。发展：The
development
o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f
modern
science
and
technology
makes
people
lead
amore
enjoyable
life.现代科技的发展使人们享受更幸福的生活。Developed
a.发达的The
USA
is
a
developed
country。美国是发达国家Developing
a.发展中的The
PRC
is
a
developing
country.中国是发展中国家动词Calculate是“计算”之意。如：Can
you
calculate
how
much
the
holiday
will
cost 你能否计算一下度个假要花多少钱？Calculator
n.计算器Calculation
n
计算；计算题解释为“计算”时，Calculation为不可数名词。如：Perhaps
you
have
made
a
mistake
in
your
calculation.你方可能计算有误。解释为“计算题”时，Calculation为可数名词，如：All
these
calculations
are
based
on
the
data
you
have
provide.所有计算结果都是根据你们提供的数据做出的。Calculating
a.计算的；与计算有关的Calculating
machine
计算机calculating
businessman精明的商人Accurate是形容词，意为“准确的，精确的”Accurate的派生词有：Accurately
ad.正确地，精确地
Accuracy
n.精确性，正确度So
…that…是“如此……以至于……”的意思，它所引导的是结果状语从句。如：The
desk
is
so
heave
that
I
can’t
carry
it课桌太重了，我搬不动他。动词represent是“代表”的意思，又如：we
chose
a
committee
to
represent
us
我们选出一个委员来代表我们。Representative是represent的名词形式，是“代表，代理（人）”的意思。In
a
flash
是“在一瞬间”的意思，相当于very
quickly。Whole
在本例中是个形容词，意为“整个的”，“全部的”。又如：She
ate
the
whole
cake
她把整个蛋糕都吃了Whole还可以作名词用，意为“整体”。“全体”常见的搭配有：As
a
whole
整体来看She
dislike
the
acting
but
enjoyed
the
play
as
a
whole
她不喜欢这部戏的表演，但整体上她还是喜欢这部戏的。On
the
whole
总的来说The
weather
this
month
has
been
good
on
the
whole
这个月天气基本是好的介词against在本文中是“对着；对立”的意思。又如：they
played
against
a
football
team
from
another
village他们跟另一个村的足球队比赛此外，against还可以用来表达如下含义：不喜欢；反对many
people
are
against
the
plan
很多人都反对这个计划此时它的反义词为for，即表示赞成。防止；预防have
you
had
an
injection
against
the
disease
你注射过这种疾病的预防针了吗？靠着；倚着put
the
cupboard
against
the
wall
把这个橱柜放在靠墙的地方。Some
people
call
the
brain
a
living
computer
有人把人脑称为“活电脑”Living一词为形容词，解释为“活着的”“健在的”，又如：Some
people
say
he
is
the
greatest
living
writer.有人说他是健在的最伟大的作家。alive，live和living这三个词有时会被混淆。以下简述一下它们的区别：通常情况下，alive作表语（be
alive），而living一般放在名词前作定语用。如：that
great
man
is
still
alive
那个伟人依然活着all
living
things一切生物live也是“有生命的，活着的”的意思，但往往指
链接6
说明：本课核心词汇、拓展词汇、重点词组、句式列表
本课核心词汇、拓展词汇、重点词组、句式列表1,
abacus
(n)算盘2,
accurate:
(adj.)正确无误的：准确的：精确的
(
adv.)
accurately3,amazing:
(
adj.)另人惊奇的
(v.)
amaze.
(
n.)amazement4,at
least至少5,
angle角：角度6,be
made
up
of:
consist
of由…组成7,
bead珠子8,
brain(n).大脑9,
calculate（V）计算10,
calculation（N）计算11,calculator（N）计算器12,
compasses（N）圆规13,consist
of
包括；由…组成14,
decimal
（a）以10做基础的；十进位的；小数的15,develop
（v）（使某事物）发展；发育；成长；发达16,divide:
(V.)
（v）除17,
electronic:
(adj.)
电子的18,especially
（ad）特别；尤其；主要19,
even
（a）偶数的；能被2除尽的20,figure
（n）数字21,following
(adj)下列的，
接着的22,
fraction
（n）分数23,human
（n）人24,invent:
（v）发明；创造25,invention
（n）发明；发明物26
lifetime
（n）一生；终生27,
living
（a）活着的28,
measure
（v）量；测量；计量29,
multiply
（v）乘30,
odd
（a）奇数的；不能被2除尽的31,
percentage（n）百分数；百分率；百分比32,powerful:
(adj.)强大的；强有力的；有力量的33,program:
(n.)
（v）编程；用程序指示计算机工作34,
protractor
（n）量角器；分度规35,
represent
（v）代表；象征36,
square
root
（n）平方根37,
subtract
（v）减38,times
（n）时代；时期39,
announcement
(n)声明；宣言40,copy
（n）拷贝；复制41,decision
（n）决定42,
fellow
（adj）同类的；同伴的43,
gift
(n)
礼物44,
wrongly（adv）错误地45,
graph
(n)
图表46,not
at
all
没关系未打
号是核心词汇词组归纳everyone’s
language大家共同的语言
do
a
calculation计算at
least至少；无论如何；
in
one’s
whole
lifetime在某人的一生不管怎样
brain
against
computer人脑战电脑the
international
国际通用的数字语言
call
the
brain
a
living
把人脑叫做活电脑language
of
numbers
computer
in
ancient
times
古时候；从前
give
an
answer
给出答案in
many
different
ways用许多不同的方法
with
an
amazing
brain具有一个不可思议的大脑in
tens用十进制
calculate
like
lightning像闪电般计算the
systems
of
numbers数字系统
find
the
answer
找出答案consist
of包括；由…组成
take
a
minute
花费一分钟from
the
biggest
to
从最大的到最小的
program
it
with用指令为其编程the
smallest
instructions
have
to
不得不one
of
the
first
最早的工具之一
solve
the
problem解题calculating
machines
odd
number
奇数；单数so…that…
如此…以至于……
decimal
number小数start
from由…开始
even
number偶数；双数on
the
right
在右面
be
made
up
of由…组成a
modern
electronic现代电子计算器
calculator
square
roots
平方根
链接7
说明：关于算盘和电脑的补充阅读材料，拓展学生的阅读能力，并加深对课文主题的理解。I
reading
About
computerThat
little
"a"
with
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
a
circle
curling
around
it
that
is
found
in
email
addresses
is
most
commonly
referred
to
as
the
"at"
symbol.Surprisingly
thoug
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h,
there
is
no
official,
universal
name
for
this
sign.
There
are
dozens
of
strange
terms
to
describe
the
@
symbolBefore
it
became
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
standard
symbol
for
electronic
mail,
the
@
symbol
was
used
to
represent
the
cost
or
weight
of
something.
For
instance,
if
you
purchased
6
apples,
you
might
write
it
as
6
apples
@
$1.10
eachWith
the
introduction
of
e-mail
came
the
popularity
of
the
@
symbol.
The
@
symbol
or
the
"at
sign"
separates
a
person's
online
user
name
from
his
mail
server
address.
For
instance,
joe@
( mailto:joe@ ).
Its
widespread
use
on
the
Internet
made
it
necessary
to
put
this
symbol
on
keyboards
in
other
countries
that
have
never
seen
or
used
the
symbol
before.
As
a
result,
there
is
really
no
official
name
for
this
symbolHistory
tells
u
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
that
the
@
symbol
stemmed
from
the
tired
hands
of
the
medieval
monks.
During
the
Middle
Ages
before
the
invention
of
printing
presses,
every
letter
of
a
word
had
to
be
painstakingly
transcribed
by
hand
for
each
copy
of
a
published
book.
The
monks
that
performed
these
long,
tedious
copying
duties
looked
for
ways
to
reduce
the
number
of
individual
strokes
per
word
for
common
words.
Although
the
word
"at"
is
quite
short
to
begin
with,
it
was
a
common
enough
word
in
texts
and
documents
that
medieval
monks
thought
it
would
be
quicker
and
easier
to
shorten
the
word
"at"
even
more.
As
a
result,
the
monks
looped
the
"t"
around
the
"a"
and
created
it
into
a
circle-eliminating
two
strokes
of
the
pen.An
Illustrated
History
of
Computers
John
Toppling

2002
The
first
computers
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
were
people!
That
is,
electronic
computers
(and
the
earlier
mechanical
computers)
were
given
this
name
because
they
performed
the
work
that
had
previously
been
assigned
to
people.
"Computer"
was
originally
a
job
title:
it
was
used
to
describe
those
human
beings
(predominantly
women)
whose
job
it
was
to
perform
the
repetitive
calculations
required
to
compute
such
things
as
navigational
tables,
tide
charts,
and
planetary
positions
for
astronomical
almanacs.
Imagine
you
had
a
job
where
hour
after
hour,
day
after
day,
you
were
to
do
nothing
but
compute
multiplications.
Boredom
would
quickly
set
in,
leading
to
carelessness,
leading
to
mistakes.
And
even
on
your
best
days
you
wouldn't
be
producing
answers
very
fast.
Therefore,
inventors
have
been
searching
for
hundreds
of
years
for
a
way
to
mechanize
(that
is,
find
a
mechanism
that
can
perform)
this
task.
This
picture
shows
w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat
were
known
as
"counting
tables"
[photo
courtesy
IBM]
A
typical
computer
operation
back
when
computers
were
people.
The
abacus
was
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
an
early
aid
for
mathematical
computations.
Its
only
value
is
that
it
aids
the
memory
of
the
human
performing
the
calculation.
A
skilled
abacus
operator
can
work
on
addition
and
subtraction
problems
at
the
speed
of
a
person
equipped
with
a
hand
calculator
(multiplication
and
division
are
slower).
The
abacus
is
often
wrongly
attributed
to
China.
In
fact,
the
Babylonians
used
the
oldest
surviving
abacus
in
300
B.C..
The
abacus
is
still
in
use
today,
principally
in
the
Far
East.
A
modern
abacus
consists
of
rings
that
slide
over
rods,
but
the
older
one
pictured
below
dates
from
the
time
when
pebbles
were
used
for
counting
(the
word
"calculus"
comes
from
the
Latin
word
for
pebble).II.
Choose
the
suitable
word
or
expression
to
complete
the
passageIn
some
schools
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re
is
a
computer
classroom.
Teachers
give
lessons
without
any
chalk.
Students
work
on
the
maths
problems
with
no
pens
or
paper,
either.
The
computer
writes
questions
on
the
screen
in
front
of
the
students,
and
the
students’
answer
on
their
keyboards,
Students
can
easi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly
learn
a
foreign
language
with
a
computer.
The
computer
gives
lessons
in
grammar
and
correct
use
of
words
and
phrases.
Its
speakers
can
tell
you
how
to
pronounce
the
words.Now
computer
have
en
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tered
a
lot
of
families.
You
can
exchange
information
through
the
computer.
You
can
even
send
or
receive
letters
from
E-mail
box.
You
can
also
book
a
theatre
ticket
or
a
plane
seat
on
the
computer
net.
Recently
universities
and
senior
high
schools
have
succeeded
in
accepting
new
students
on
the
screen.Computers
come
in
all
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sizes
and
shapes—pocket
calculator,
video
game
machine.
Human
beings
give
computers
their
information
and
tell
them
what
to
do.
Computers
have
played
an
important
part
in
our
daily
life,
but
they
can’t
take
the
place
of
human
beings.
The
students
of
today
should
learn
how
to
use
the
computers
of
tomorrow
III.
True
or
FalseLeeds—LondonMFMFSSMFMondays
to
SaturdaysCFCFCFCFCFDepO6450725074008450910094510301045Arr0908094510141112121912121456C1312Dep=depart(leave)CF=cheap
fare(ticket)
arr=arrive
S=Saturday
onlyC=change
at
Poncaster
MF=Monday
to
Friday(
)1.
This
is
a
train
schedule.(
)2.
The
1030
train
is
an
indirect
train.(
)3.
The
0725
train
takes
the
least
time
to
get
to
Leeds.(
)4.
There
are
5
trains
to
go
from
Monday
to
Saturday.(
)5.
There
are
2
MF
trains
with
cheap
fares.(
)6.
There
are
3
trains
on
the
schedule
with
normal
faresKey:1,
T
2,
T,
3,
T,
4,
F,
5,
T,
6,
T