2025-2026学年八年级上学期(外研版2024)
Unit 1 This is me
重点词汇
单元词汇释义 1. suppose (v.)假设;认为 【用法释疑】及物动词,可接从句、复合宾语(suppose sb. to be)或用于被动语态。 【常用搭配】be supposed to do sth.(应该做某事) 例句: I suppose him to be over 50 years old.(我认为他有 50 多岁了。) You're supposed to finish the work by Friday.(你应该在周五前完成这项工作。) 2. birthmark (n.)胎记,胎痣 【用法释疑】可数名词,常与介词 on 搭配表示位置。 例句:She has a small birthmark on her cheek.(她脸颊上有一块小胎记。) 3. strawberry (n.)草莓 【用法释疑】可数名词,复数形式为 strawberries。 例句:I bought a basket of fresh strawberries at the market.(我在市场买了一篮新鲜草莓。) 4. secretly (adv.)暗自;秘密地 【用法释疑】副词,修饰动词,可置于句首、句中或句末。 例句: He secretly hoped to win the competition.(他暗自希望赢得比赛。) She cried secretly when she heard the sad news.(听到这个悲伤的消息时,她偷偷哭了。) 5. crowded (adj.)挤满人的;拥挤的 【用法释疑】形容词,可作表语或定语,常与介词 with 搭配。 【常用搭配】be crowded with(挤满……) 例句: The subway is always crowded during rush hour.(高峰时段地铁总是很拥挤。) The room was crowded with excited fans.(房间里挤满了兴奋的粉丝。) 6. disaster (n.)灾难,灾祸 【用法释疑】可数名词,可指自然或人为灾难。 【常用搭配】natural disaster(自然灾害) 例句: The earthquake was one of the worst disasters in history.(这场地震是历史上最严重的灾难之一。) 7. therefore (adv.)因此,所以 【用法释疑】副词,引出结果,常用于句首或句中,用逗号隔开。 例句:He didn’t study hard; therefore, he failed the exam.(他没有努力学习,因此考试不及格。) 8. instead (adv.)代替;而不是 【用法释疑】副词,单独使用,位于句末或句首(用逗号隔开),表示替代。 【常用搭配】instead of(代替,而不是,后接名词 / 动名词) 例句: I don’t like coffee; I’ll have tea instead.(我不喜欢咖啡,我改喝茶。) Instead of driving, we took the subway to save time.(为了节省时间,我们没开车,而是坐了地铁。) 9. although (conj.)虽然,尽管 【用法释疑】连词,引导让步状语从句,不可与 but 连用。 例句:Although it was late, he continued working.(虽然很晚了,他仍继续工作。) 10. bathroom (n.)浴室,卫生间 【用法释疑】可数名词,美式英语中也指厕所。 例句:The bathroom is located on the second floor.(浴室在二楼。) 11. truly (adv.)真实地;确实地 【用法释疑】副词,修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,表示强调。 例句: I truly believe that honesty is the best policy.(我坚信诚实是上策。) The movie was truly amazing; I loved every part of it.(这部电影真的太棒了,我每一部分都很喜欢。) 12. difference (n.)差别,差异 【用法释疑】可数 / 不可数名词,常与介词 between/in 搭配。 【常用搭配】make a difference(有影响,起作用) 例句: Can you tell the difference between these two colors (你能分辨这两种颜色的区别吗?) There is a big difference in culture between the two countries.(这两个国家的文化差异很大。) 13. wise (adj.)明智的,明断的 【用法释疑】形容词,可作表语或定语,比较级为 wiser,最高级为 wisest。 例句:It was wise of you to accept the offer.(你接受这个提议是明智的。) 14. underline (v.)在…… 之下划线;强调 【用法释疑】及物动词,后接名词或代词作宾语。 例句:Please underline the key points in the text.(请在课文中的重点下画线。) 15. row (n.)一排,一行,一列 【用法释疑】可数名词,常与介词 in 搭配。 【常用搭配】in a row(连续地) 例句:The students sat in a row and listened to the teacher.(学生们坐成一排听老师讲课。) 16. reach (v.)伸;伸手(以触碰或提起某物);到达 【用法释疑】及物 / 不及物动词,后接名词或地点。 【常用搭配】reach for(伸手去拿) 例句:She reached for the cup on the table.(她伸手去拿桌上的杯子。) We reached the station just in time for the train.(我们及时到达车站赶上了火车。) 17. height (n.)身高;高度 【用法释疑】可数 / 不可数名词,常与介词 in/of 搭配。 【常用搭配】at a height of(在…… 的高度) 例句:What is your height and weight (你的身高和体重是多少?) The mountain is about 3,000 meters in height.(这座山高约 3000 米。) 18. willing (adj.)愿意(做某事)的 【用法释疑】形容词,作表语,后接不定式 to do。 【常用搭配】be willing to do sth.(乐意做某事) 例句:Are you willing to help me with the project (你愿意帮我做这个项目吗?) 19. literature (n.)文学;文学作品 【用法释疑】不可数名词,可指学科或作品总称。 例句:She majors in English literature at university.(她在大学主修英国文学。) 20. search (n.)寻找;搜寻 【用法释疑】可数 / 不可数名词,常与介词 for 搭配。 【常用搭配】in search of(寻找) 例句:They went into the forest in search of treasure.(他们进入森林寻找宝藏。) 21. value (n.)价值 【用法释疑】不可数名词,可指抽象或具体价值,常与 of 搭配。 【常用搭配】of value(有价值的) 例句:Honesty is of great value in any relationship.(在任何关系中,诚实都很有价值。) 22. wizard (n.)男巫 【用法释疑】可数名词,复数形式为 wizards。 例句: The story is about a young wizard who learns magic.(故事讲的是一个学习魔法的年轻男巫。) 23. friendship (n.)友谊 【用法释疑】不可数名词,可与动词 build/maintain 搭配。 例句:Their friendship has lasted for over a decade.(他们的友谊已经持续了十多年。) 24. basic (adj.)基础的,基本的 【用法释疑】形容词,作定语或表语,修饰名词。 例句: The course teaches basic knowledge of computer science.(这门课程教授计算机科学的基础知识。) Water and food are basic necessities of life.(水和食物是生活的基本必需品。) 25. message (n.)主题思想;信息 【用法释疑】可数名词,可指文字、口信或抽象意义。 例句: She left a message for you on the desk.(她在桌上给你留了个口信。) 26. setting (n.)(书、影片等中情节发生的)背景 【用法释疑】可数名词,常与介词 in 搭配。 例句: The setting of the novel is a small town in the 19th century.(这部小说的背景是 19 世纪的一个小镇。) 27. realise (v.)知道,明白(美语拼写为 realize) 【用法释疑】及物动词,可接从句或名词作宾语。 例句: I didn’t realise how late it was until midnight.(直到午夜我才意识到有多晚了。) She finally realised her dream of becoming a doctor.(她终于实现了成为医生的梦想。) 28. impossible (adj.)不可能发生的;办不到的 【用法释疑】形容词,作表语或定语,常用句型:It is impossible to do sth. 例句: It’s impossible to finish all the work in one day.(一天内完成所有工作是不可能的。) Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.(只要用心,没有什么是不可能的。) 29. nothing (pron.)没有任何东西;没有事 【用法释疑】不定代词,作主语或宾语,谓语动词用单数。 【常用搭配】nothing but(只有,仅仅) 例句: There is nothing in the box.(盒子里什么都没有。) I had nothing but a sandwich for lunch.(我午餐只吃了一个三明治。) 30. British (adj.)英国的;英国人的 【用法释疑】形容词,修饰名词,指国家、文化或人。 例句:She speaks with a British accent.(她说话带有英国口音。) 31. silver (adj.)银制的,银质的 【用法释疑】形容词,作定语修饰名词。 例句:The old man gave her a silver watch as a gift.(老人送给她一块银表作为礼物。) 32. doubt (n.)怀疑 【用法释疑】可数 / 不可数名词,常与介词 about/of 搭配。 【常用搭配】without doubt(毫无疑问) 例句: There is no doubt that he is guilty.(毫无疑问,他有罪。) Without doubt, he is the best candidate for the job.(毫无疑问,他是这份工作的最佳人选。) 33. fear (n.)害怕,恐惧;担忧 【用法释疑】可数 / 不可数名词,常与介词 of 搭配。 【常用搭配】in fear(害怕地) 例句:Her fear of dogs started when she was a child.(她对狗的恐惧始于童年。) 34. succeed (v.)成功,达成 【用法释疑】不及物动词,后接介词 in(+doing sth.)。 【常用搭配】succeed in doing sth.(成功做某事) 例句:He succeeded in winning the first prize.(他成功获得了一等奖。) 35. excellent (adj.)卓越的;极好的 【用法释疑】形容词,作表语或定语,可修饰人或物。 例句: The team gave an excellent performance in the competition.(这支队伍在比赛中表现出色。) 36. second (n.)秒 【用法释疑】可数名词,复数为 seconds,常与介词 in 搭配。 例句:Can you wait a second I’ll be right back.(你能等一下吗?我马上回来。) 37. satisfy (v.)使(某人)满意 【用法释疑】及物动词,后接人作宾语,可用于被动语态。 例句:The result satisfied both teams.(这个结果让双方队伍都满意。) 38. risky (adj.)有危险的,有风险的 【用法释疑】形容词,作表语或定语,比较级为 riskier,最高级为 riskiest。 例句:It’s a risky move, but it might pay off.(这是个冒险的举动,但可能会有回报。) 39. zero (num.)零 【用法释疑】数词,可作主语、宾语或定语,用于表示数量或温度。 例句:There are zero mistakes in your homework.(你的作业里没有错误。) 40. athlete (n.)运动员;田径运动员 【用法释疑】可数名词,指从事体育运动的人,可用于各类竞技项目。 【常用搭配】professional athlete(职业运动员) 例句: Many athletes train hard for years to compete in the Olympics.(许多运动员为参加奥运会刻苦训练多年。) The athlete’s dedication to fitness inspired his fans.(这位运动员对健身的执着激励了他的粉丝。)
【核心知识】
therefore/thus/so/as a result 的用法
基本用法
词汇 词性 用法 语气 / 场景
therefore 副词(adv.) 正式,可位于句首、句中,用逗号隔开 书面语 / 正式场合
thus 副词(adv.) 正式,可接现在分词表结果 书面语 / 学术表达
so 连词(conj.) 口语化,直接连接两个简单句 口语 / 非正式场合
as a result 介词短语 后接名词 / 代词,常用于句首 书面 / 口语均可
二、用法分析
1. therefore
表示逻辑上的因果关系,相当于 “因此,由此”。句首时后接逗号;句中时前后用逗号隔开,或用 and therefore 连接。
例句:
The weather was bad,therefore, we canceled the picnic.(天气不好,因此我们取消了野餐。)
He didn’t prepare for the exam, and therefore he failed.(他没复习考试,因此不及格。)
2. thus
比 therefore 更正式,可引出具体结果,有时后接 -ing 形式。句首或句中,用逗号隔开。
例句:
She worked hard; thus, she achieved great success.(她努力工作,因此获得了巨大成功。)
The company reduced costs, thus improving its profits.(公司降低成本,从而提高了利润。)
3. so
连词,直接连接原因和结果,口语中最常用。结构:“原因句 + so + 结果句”;中间无需分号。
例句:
I was hungry, so I ate a strawberry cake.(我饿了,所以吃了一块草莓蛋糕。)
The bus was crowded, so I decided to walk instead.(公交车很拥挤,所以我决定改步行。)
4. as a result
介词短语,后接名词或代词,强调 “作为结果”。通常位于句首,后接逗号;若接句子,需用 “as a result, + 句子”。
例句:
He didn’t study hard. As a result, he failed the exam.(他没努力学习,结果考试不及格。)
The disaster destroyed the town; as a result, many people lost their homes.(灾难摧毁了小镇,结果许多人失去了家园。)
综合训练
一、单项选择
1.I ______ you are right, but we need to check the facts first.
A. suppose B. birthmark C. strawberry D. secretly
2.The baby has a small ______ on his left arm, just like a little star.
A. disaster B. birthmark C. difference D. message
3.She picked some fresh ______ from the garden and made a delicious cake.
A. literature B. silver C. strawberries D. wizards
4.He ______ hoped that he could win the competition without telling anyone.
A. crowded B. secretly C. truly D. wisely
5.The bus was so ______ that I could hardly find a place to stand.
A. crowded B. excellent C. risky D. basic
6.The earthquake was a terrible ______ that caused great damage.
A. search B. disaster C. friendship D. height
7.He didn’t study hard; ______, he failed the exam.
A. instead B. therefore C. although D. instead of
8.I was too busy, so I asked Tom to go ______ me.
A. instead B. instead of C. therefore D. although
9.______ it was raining heavily, they still went out for a walk.
A. Although B. Instead C. Therefore D. So
10.Could you tell me where the ______ is I need to wash my hands.
A. bathroom B. literature C. silver screen D. row
二、单词拼写
1.She has a small ______ (birthmark) on her cheek that looks like a heart.
2.Could you please buy some ______ (strawberry) from the market They’re in season.
3.He ______ (secretly) hoped his parents would forget about the meeting.
4.The train station was extremely ______ (crowded) during the holiday.
5.The earthquake was a terrible ______ (disaster) that affected thousands of people.
6.He didn’t study, ______ (therefore) he failed the test.
7.I’ll have tea ______ (instead) of coffee today, please.
8.______ (Although) it was late, she continued working on her project.
9.Excuse me, where is the ______ (bathroom) I need to wash my hands.
10.She ______ (truly) believes that kindness can change the world.
三、完成句子
11.你能看出这两幅画的差别吗?
Can you see the ______ between these two paintings
12.你带地图是明智的选择。
It was ______ of you to bring a map.
13.我们这周学习了现在完成式。
We learned the ______ this week.
14.请在关键词下面划线。
Please ______ the key words.
15.学生们排成一列等待入场。
The students stood in a ______ waiting to enter.
16.那个男孩试图够到书架顶层的书。
The boy tried to ______ the book on the top shelf.
17.你的身高是多少?
What is your ______
18.你愿意帮我打扫房间吗?
Are you ______ to help me clean the room
19.莎士比亚在文学领域很有名。
Shakespeare is famous in the field of ______.
20.警察正在寻找失踪的宠物狗。
The police are ______ for the missing pet dog.
答案:1-5 ABCBA 6-10 BBBAA
1.birthmark 2. strawberries 3. secretly 4. crowded 5. disaster 6. therefore 7. instead 8. Although 9. bathroom 10. truly
11. difference 12. wise 13. present perfect tense 14. underline 15. row 16. reach 17. height 18. willing 19. literature 20. searching
单元语法——现在完成时的基本用法 一、基本结构 现在完成时的基本结构遵循“主语 + have/has + 过去分词(V - ed)+ 其他”这一模式。这种结构是理解和运用现在完成时的基础,通过这种公式化的方式,能够更清晰地把握该时态的构成。 1.肯定句:以“She has finished her homework.(她完成了作业。)”为例,此句中主语“she”是第三人称单数,所以使用“has”,“finished”是“finish”的过去分词形式,表明动作“完成作业”从过去某个时间开始,到现在已经完成,对现在产生了影响,即作业现在处于已完成的状态。 2.否定句:“He hasn’t visited the museum yet.(他还没参观过博物馆。)”在这个句子里,同样因为主语“He”是第三人称单数,借助“has”来构成否定形式“hasn't”,“visited”为“visit”的过去分词。“yet”常用于否定句和疑问句中,强调到目前为止这个动作还没有发生。 3.一般疑问句:“Have you ever been to Beijing (你去过北京吗?)”当把陈述句变为一般疑问句时,将“have/has”提到主语之前。这里主语“you”是非第三人称单数,所以用“Have”。“ever”表示“曾经”,常出现在现在完成时的一般疑问句中,询问对方是否有过某种经历。 4.特殊疑问句:“How long has she lived here (她住这儿多久了?)”特殊疑问句是在一般疑问句的基础上,在句首添加特殊疑问词。此句中特殊疑问词“How long”用于询问时间长度,询问从过去开始到现在“她住在这里”这个动作持续的时长。 注意:过去分词的变化存在两种情况。规则变化同一般过去时,大部分动词在词尾直接加“ - ed”,例如“work”变为“worked” 。然而,还有一些动词的过去分词属于不规则变化,这就需要特殊记忆了,比如“go”的过去分词是“gone”,“eat”的过去分词是“eaten”。这些不规则变化的动词在英语学习中较为常见,需要同学们牢记,以便准确运用现在完成时。 二、核心用法 用法 1:着重体现过去发生的动作对于当下所产生的影响 / 结果(在此,特别强调 “现在” 这一时间节点)。 标志词:already,用于肯定句中,表示 “已经”;yet,用于否定句和疑问句里,意思为 “还(未)”;just,意为 “刚刚”;ever,表达 “曾经”;never,即 “从未”;before,指 “以前”。例如: I have lost my key.(我钥匙丢了。)(在这个句子中,“丢钥匙” 这一动作发生在过去,而由此产生的结果是现在 “找不到钥匙”,此句着重强调了过去动作所带来的结果。) Has Tom come back (汤姆回来了吗?)(此句所关心的重点是 “现在汤姆是否在这儿”,而并非 “汤姆何时回来”,突出对现在状态的关注。) She has just cleaned the room.(翻译为:她刚打扫了房间。)(该句表明,由于她刚刚完成了打扫房间这个动作,所以现在 “房间是干净的”,充分体现出过去动作所产生的影响一直持续到现在。) 用法 2:用于描述过去就已经开始,并且一直持续到当前时刻的动作或者状态,这类动作或状态具有可延续性。 标志词:常见的有 “for + 时间段” 形式,例如 “for 3 days”,意味着动作或状态从某个起始点开始,持续了3天的时长;还有 “since + 时间点 / 从句”,像 “since 2020” 表示从2020年这个时间点起,“since he left” 则是以 “he left” 这个从句所描述的事件发生时间点为起始。例如: We have lived in Shanghai for 5 years.(我们在上海住了 5 年。)(“住” 这个动作是从5年前就开始了,一直持续到现在,并且基于语境,这种居住状态还有可能继续持续下去。) He has been ill since last Monday.(他从上周一开始生病。)(此句中,“生病” 属于一种状态,具有可延续性,所以采用 “since + 时间点”(即上周一开始)来表明这种状态的起始时间,并一直延续到现在。) It has been 3 years since she joined the club.(她加入俱乐部 3 年了。)(当遇到像 “join” 这样的瞬间动词时,需要将其转换为具有延续性的状态,也就是 “be in”。这里所使用的句型为 “It is/has been + 时间 + since 过去时”,以此来正确表达从过去某个时间点开始,到现在所经历的时长。) 三、高频考点:从瞬间动词向延续性动词的转换 在英语语法的运用中,对于瞬间动词和延续性动词的区分至关重要。 [错误示例] He has died for 2 years. 这里“die”属于瞬间动词,它所表示的动作在瞬间就已完成,无法持续一段时间,所以此句表达有误。 [正确表达]He has been dead for 2 years. 这里使用了状态动词“be dead”,“be dead”表示一种状态,这种状态是可以持续的,因而能够与表示一段时间的“for 2 years”搭配使用,这样的表达才符合语法规则。 [转换举例] 瞬间动词(动作)延续性动词(状态)例句对比buy(买)have(拥有)She has had the book for a week.(√)
She has bought the book for a week.(×)join(加入)be in/be a memberHe has been in the team since 2022.(√)leave(离开)be awayThey have been away for 3 days.(√)
[对比:现在完成时 vs 一般过去时] 区别现在完成时一般过去时时间焦点强调 “现在的结果”强调 “过去的动作”时间状语模糊时间(already, since, so far)具体时间(yesterday, last week)例句释义I have seen the film.(已知道内容)I saw the film yesterday.(单纯叙述)
附:现在完成时口诀记忆 “完成时,两用法:过去影响到现在,持续动作未中断。
for 接段,since 接点,瞬间动词要转换。
already 肯定 yet 否,ever/never 表经历。”
核心知识回顾
易混淆标志词对比
1. ago VS before
(1) ago
结构:时间段 + ago(如 5 minutes ago, two years ago)。
作用:表示从现在算起的 “多久以前”,是具体时间点,仅用于一般过去时。
例句:
正确:He left ten minutes ago.(他十分钟前离开的。)(动作 left 发生在过去的 “十分钟前”,与现在无关。)
错误:He has left ago.( ago 不能与现在完成时连用。)
(2)before
结构:可单独使用(位于句尾)或接宾语(如 before now, before the exam)。
作用:表示 “在过去的某个时间点之前”,是不明确的时间范围,用于现在完成时(强调对现在的影响)。
例句:
正确:I have seen this movie before.(我以前看过这部电影。)(看过的经历对现在的影响:我现在知道电影内容。)
正确:She had finished homework before 9 pm.(她九点前完成了作业。)( 过去完成时,强调在过去某时间点前已完成。)
对比:
He ate an apple ago.(错误,需改为just now或具体时间 + ago)
He has eaten an apple before.(正确,强调现在不饿)
2. just now VS just
(1)just now
相当于 “a moment ago”,表示 “刚刚(发生)”,是明确的过去时间点,仅用于一般过去时。
位置:句尾,无需与其他词连用。
例句:
正确:The bus left just now.(公交车刚刚开走了。)(动作 left 发生在 “刚刚”,现在车已不在)
错误:She has arrived just now.(just now 不与现在完成时连用)
(2) just
表示 “刚刚(完成)”,强调动作刚刚结束且结果影响现在,用于现在完成时,位于 have/has 之后。常与 already 隐含搭配(如 “刚做完 = 已经做完”)。
例句:
正确:We have just finished the crowded task.(我们刚完成这项繁琐的任务。)(现在可以休息了,结果影响现在)
正确:He has just secretly sent a message.(他刚刚暗自发送了一条消息。)( 消息已发出,现在可能等待回复)
对比:
She called just now.(她刚才打电话了。)→ 过去动作,现在可能没接通
She has just called.(她刚打完电话。)→ 现在通话结束,可能需要回电
【典型错题】
[错题1]
误:I have met him two days ago.
正:I met him two days ago. / I have met him before.
解析:ago 是具体过去时间点,必须用一般过去时;若用现在完成时,需改为 before(不强调具体多久前)。
[错题 2]
误:Has he left just now
正:Did he leave just now / Has he just left
解析:just now 对应一般过去时(助动词用 did);现在完成时用 just(位于 has 后)。
综合实战演练
一、单项选择
1.Since I ________ helping as a volunteer in the school library last term, I _______ both reading books and helping others.
A.start; enjoyed B.have started; have enjoyed
C.have started; enjoyed D.started; have enjoyed
2.— When ________ you ________ skiing on the mountains in the French Alps
— Three years ago. I ________ that special experience so far.
A.did; learn; have not forgotten B.did; learn; didn’t forget
C.have; learnt; have not forgotten D.have; learnt; didn’t forget
3.Astronauts (宇航员) on the Chinese Space Station _______ some plants already, and it helps us learn about living in space.
A.grew B.were growing C.have grown D.will grow
4.— Where is your father — He ________ Australia.
A.goes B.went C.has been in D.has gone to
5.As an exchange student, Alan ________ Shijiazhuang for three years.
A.has been to B.has been in C.has gone to D.has been
6.—Ms White, how long can I _________ the dictionary —No rush, take your time!
A.have B.borrow C.lend D.keep
7.Denise _________ the Liaoning Provincial Museum for hours and she will be back at five o’clock.
A.has been to B.has gone to C.has been in D.has gone in
8.—Lucy ________ London. How can I get in touch with her
—Don’t worry. She will phone you as soon as she comes back.
A.has gone to B.has been to C.have gone to D.have been to
9.—How long can I ________ this magazine —For two days.
A.borrow B.keep C.see D.lend
10.-________ you seen the movie Gone with the Wind -No, never.
A.Do B.Can C.Have D.Has
答案:DACDB DCABC