Unit 4 Natural disasters(单元测试.含答案与解析）-2025-2026学年人教版（2019）高中英语必修第一册
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| 名称 | Unit 4 Natural disasters(单元测试.含答案与解析）-2025-2026学年人教版（2019）高中英语必修第一册 |  | |
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Unit 4 Natural disasters
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．After work one day，I grabbed a pizza for dinner at the mall.As I was heading home，I saw a girl sitting in a corner of the mall.Her hair covered her face and her body was（1） .I determined to walk past her because that's what we often do.But something made me turn（2） .I learned her age，and why she begged for money and lived on the streets.Her parents（3） years ago and she suffered from a serious skin disease.She was（4） to work because of her disability and had to live in the safest place she could（5） .She had stayed in shelters in the past，but was treated（6） .She had to seek shelter from the mall to keep（7） on cold days，but she said even the mall wasn't safe because security（保安）always threw her out.
I'm one of those people who used to believe there was a system of support to help her.Ideally，I would like to believe in that.I used to think maybe one day I would（8） "them".Maybe one day I would win the lottery（彩票）.But when I（9） that girl，I thought to my self，what if no one ever helped her？What if this so called perfect system that I believed in didn't even know or（10） her existence（存在）？What if I didn't（11） any money？What if she was not going to be around long enough to（12） that "one day"？
I didn't really think about what happened next.I（13） my dinner with her and gave her all the money I had.When security came，I talked them into assisting her（14） driving her away like they usually did.
Don't（15） one day to come before you help someone.Now is that one day—not tomorrow，not next week.If you can do something to ease someone else's suffering，don't wait for that distant one day.Be the one day.Be it now.
（1） A．hot B．heavy C．weak D．wet
（2） A．over B．back C．away D．up
（3） A．returned B．removed C．quarreled D．died
（4） A．eager B．ready C．unable D．curious
（5） A．build B．discover C．expect D．remember
（6） A．terribly B．normally C．carefully D．patiently
（7） A．calm B．wealthy C．warm D．secret
（8） A．respect B．watch C．help D．encourage
（9） A．accepted B．introduced C．persuaded D．noticed
（10） A．care about B．talk about C．write about D．argue about
（11） A．lose B．lend C．win D．waste
（12） A．admit B．imagine C．choose D．see
（13） A．cooked B．shared C．ordered D．prepared
（14） A．along with B．as for C．except for D．instead of
（15） A．worry about B．laugh at C．wait for D．begin with
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．We often hear stories of animals rescuing people.But now someone has managed to return the favor.
The event took place one snowy January morning.Thomas Smith was walking his dog，Jack，in the park. "As I was walking，I just saw Jack running onto the ice towards the ducks in the middle，and then he fell into the water and couldn't climb out，" said Smith.He realized he had no choice but to try and save his dog. "Someone else told me the lake was only one﹣meter deep，but it was at least twice that.I had to break my way through the 6﹣cm ice.Finally，I got Jack by the neck，and pulled him out.I don't think I have ever felt so cold by the time we got back to dry land.And when we got there，everyone was asking if Jack was okay﹣no one was particularly worried about me!"
A neighbor，Julie Brown，saw it all happen. "The dog went onto an icy lake.All of a sudden，it started to go under.There were crowds of people around，and they were all shouting and screaming.Before I knew it，the owner（Smith）was in the water forcing his way through the ice.I can't begin to imagine how cold it was.Everyone was very nervous，but he was as cool as a cucumber —he just crawled back out，put the dog on its lead，and went home."
Many regard him as a hero，but Mr Smith is quite laidback about it."Most dog owners are the same as me.They would do what I did without a second thought.But in the future，I'm going to make sure he's on a lead near any icy ponds.Pets are members of our family.Would you do the same for them？"
（1）What happened on a cold January morning？
A．Mr Smith met Jack in the park.
B．Mr Smith ran after Jack on the ice.
C．Jack fell from the ice into the water.
D．Jack played with the ducks in the water.
（2）The underlined phrases "as cool as a cucumber" in Paragraph 3 means .
A．relaxed
B．proud
C．shy
D．brave
（3）What is the best title of the passage？
A．A Man's Pet Dog
B．A Dog's Best Friend
C．The Danger on the Icy Lake
D．Suggestions for Pets' Owners
3．Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth's plates.These plates slowly move over a long period of time.Sometimes the edges，which are called fault lines，can get stuck，but the plates keep moving.Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and，once the pressure gets strong enough，the plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake.
Generally before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes.The ones that happen before are called foreshocks.The ones that happen after are called aftershocks. Scientists don't really know if an earthquake is a foreshock until the bigger earthquake occurs.
Shock waves from an earthquake that travel through the ground are called seismic waves（地震波）.They are most powerful at the centre of the earthquake，but they travel through much of the earth and back to the surface.They move quickly at 20 times the speed of sound.
Scientists use seismic waves to measure how big an earthquake is.They use a device called a seismograph（地震仪） to measure the size of the waves.The size of the waves is called the magnitude
To tell the strength of an earthquake scientists use a scale called the Moment Magnitude S ale or MMS（it used to be called the Richter scale）.The larger the number on the MMS，the larger the earthquake.You usually won't even notice an earthquake unless it measures at least a 3 on the MMS.Here are some examples of what may happen depending on the scale：
4.0﹣Could shake your house as if a large truck were passing close by.Some people may not notice.
5.0﹣If you are in a car，it may shake.Glasses and dishes may rattle.Windows may break.
6.0﹣Items will fall off shelves.Walls in some houses may crack and windows break.Pretty much everyone near the centre will feel this one.
7.0﹣Weaker buildings will collapse and cracks will occur in bridges and on the street.
8.0﹣Many buildings and bridges fall down.Large cracks in the earth.
9.0 and up﹣Whole cities flattened and large﹣scale damage.
（1）If a 5.0﹣magnitude earthquake hit your area，what might happen？
A．Your house might shake violently.
B．Рeople might feel no shaking at all.
C．The family photo may fall off the wall.
D．There might be cracks everywhere on the street.
（2）What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence in paragraph 2？
A．It's still hard to tell foreshocks from main earthquakes.
B．Scientists can't exactly measure the strength of an earthquake.
C．People may ignore foreshocks when an earthquake is not so strong.
D．The earthquake won't cause any damage unless it reaches 9.0 MMS.
（3）The writer explains the concepts concerning the earthquake by .
A．listing examples
B．giving explanations
C．making comparisons
D．offering data
（4）The passage is written mainly to .
A．enrich people's knowledge of self﹣rescue in disasters
B．stress the importance of earthquake rescue
C．issue early warnings before an earthquake
D．present facts about the earthquake
4．Based on new analysis，we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.Geographers predict that within the next eighty years，current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear.Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter，forcing animals to migrate（迁徙）north.
Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense.If the changes come too quickly，animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.
According to Science Daily，a new study predicts that by the year 2100，many of today's familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today's world.It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these farreaching consequences for the whole world.The planet itself has been showing signs of change.In 2004，a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008，thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake.Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.
Within just the last few months，new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought.At this point，it doesn't matter what is causing it，but rather，what can be done about it.What's more，our world is getting more and more unstable every year.There is war and threat of war everywhere.Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.
However，other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this.No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.
（1）Which of the following would be the best title for the Passage？
A．Ways to protect our planet.
B．Solutions to climate change.
C．Be prepared for climate change.
D．Climate change and its effects.
（2）What is the author's purpose in using the examples of earthquakes？
A．To show the damage earthquakes caused.
B．To remind people to prevent future earthquakes.
C．To show major changes are taking place on the planet.
D．To tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.
（3）What does the underlined word "devastated" in Paragraph 3 mean？
A．Separated.
B．Destroyed.
C．Removed.
D．Affected.
（4）What can be inferred from the Passage？
A．Animals and plants won't die out as long as climate changes slowly.
B．There's enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.
C．The world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.
D．The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.
5．（2024秋 临泉县校级期中）On Wednesday a powerful earthquake hit Amatrice that was at the epicenter，which is the point in the earth's surface directly above where the earthquake happens.The town's clock tower was the only building still standing.Italy's prime minister said the earthquake had killed at least 120 people，and warned that the number might increase.There were several villages that were affected in farther mountainous areas.The earthquake was also felt as far away as Rome，100 miles from the epicenter.
Earthquakes can't be predicted.There are warning systems that can save some lives，but only under certain conditions.Unlike a tornado（龙卷风）warning where radar（雷达）can see it and issue a warning before it，an earthquake warning happens when the earth is already shaking.We don't have a system that can predict when the earth is going to shake.Our warning system is based on the fact that the earth is already shaking.The warning depends on how far you are from the earthquake epicenter.If you're at an earthquake epicenter，you're going to get no warning.If you're far away from the epicenter，we can give you some time to prepare.
Another condition is how close the sensor（传感器）is to the epicenter.If the sensor is 10 miles away from the epicenter，it takes five seconds to get to that sensor.So，the more sensors we get，the more time we'll get as well.If you get 10 seconds notice of an earthquake that's happening，especially a big one，you can open up the lifts on the nearest floor.You can also stop all the things that are moving before the shaking gets there.If you're 30 miles away，your warning could be 15 seconds.It is 15 seconds that can save your life.
（1）What can be learned from the first paragraph？
A．The earthquake happened on Monday.
B．The earthquake destroyed all the buildings.
C．Fewer than 120 people lost their lives.
D．Rome is 100 miles away from Amatrice.
（2）What can we say about the earthquake warning？
A．It can always give us time to prepare.
B．It is different from the tornado warning.
C．It can tell us where the earthquake will be.
D．It can predict when earthquakes will happen.
（3）How far might you be from the epicenter with 10 seconds notice of an earthquake？
A．5 miles.
B．10 miles.
C．20 miles.
D．25 miles.
（4）What is the purpose of the text？
A．To report a powerful earthquake.
B．To introduce the earthquake warning.
C．To compare earthquakes with tornados.
D．To explain how the earthquake happens.
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2024秋 肥东县校级月考）
How to read more and learn more
These days，more and more Chinese people enjoy sending and receiving messages on the phone.It can help them to get the latest news and communicate with friends.But I think I should read more books besides the textbooks，the more，the better.It can broaden my mind and improve my language skills.（1） Here are some tips for you.
Clear your purpose for reading.
（2） Most people read for two main reasons，pleasure or knowledge.Clearing about your reading purpose can not only help you choose the books you really need to read，but also remind you why reading the book is important to you，so you will keep reading and complete the book faster.
（3）
No matter what you are reading，it is important to enjoy what you read.Your friends may introduce you the books they love，but those books might not necessarily be the ones you enjoy.
Give up books that you don't enjoy.
You may have chosen books that you are interested in，and they are right purpose.But while you are reading them，there may still be some books that you don't enjoy reading.Whenever you realize that you aren't enjoying the book you are reading，give it up.（4）
Set a reading goal.
It is interesting that I read the books borrowed from libraries faster than those I bought.The reason is the books I bought don't have a due date!I don't need to return those books.
（5） Before you read each book，ask yourself what time you need to complete this book by.
A.Read only what you are interested in.
B.Read the books borrowed from others.
C.Remember reading shouldn't be a burden（负担）.
D.Of course，it also can help me to get good grades.
E.We need to get the latest news and communicate with friends.
F.Before you start reading，ask yourself why you are reading this book.
G.Having a reading goal helps you work out how much reading you need to do in a week or even a day.
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．One act of kindness is leading to another.And as kindness（1） （pass）to another，new friendships are forming and existing ones are strengthening.
My elderly neighbor called my daughter and me（2） （pick）fruits from her tree as the fruits were high and it was required to step on a huge ladder to get them.After an hour spent（3） （chat）and picking the fruits，she treated us to a glass of fruit juice.（4） addition，she gave us plenty of fruits to hand out to（5） （we） friends.
I then gave them to three other senior friends of mine.One of them gave me a hot tomato soup.I tasted it.It was so delicious（6） I couldn't help asking her about it.She told me that her mom and grandma were both top（7） （cook） and she learned it from them when she was helping them in her youth.
This was（8） （total） unexpected and interesting to know.Besides，she invited me again and agreed that we would prepare the dish together，（9） was the best part of all.I feel very（10） （thank） for these friendships and connections.Kindness and friendship always go hand in hand.
五．单词拼写（共5小题）
8．（2024秋 兴庆区校级期末）I can certainly feel the （结果；影响） of too many late nights．
9．The number of families seeking shelter rose by 17 （百分比）．
10．（2024秋 古浪县校级期末）Don't leave the lights on it wastes （电）．
11．（2024秋 思明区校级月考）Two people got （困住） in the lift this morning when the electricity was cut off.
12．According to rules of our school，teachers are supposed to make a （总结） of their teaching every day.
六．书面表达（共2小题）
13．假设你是来自美国的汤姆，你从电视新闻上得知你朋友王林所在的城市发生了地震．请你给王林写一封信，内容包括：
1．询问王林及其家人是否安好；
2．得知该地震的影响：6人死亡，500多人受伤，20人失踪，200多所房子坍塌；
3．愿意尽最大努力提供帮助．
注意：1．词数80左右（信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
14．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Natalie Doan，14，has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway，New York.Living just a few blocks from the beach，Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. "It's the ocean that makes Rockaway so special，" she says.
On October 29，2012，that ocean turned fierce.That night，Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast，and Rockaway was hit especially hard.Fortunately，Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridge closed.
When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighborhood in ruins.Many of Natalie's friends had lost their homes and were living far away.All around her，people were suffering，especially the elderly.Natalie's school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
In the following few days，the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys.Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild.Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless highrise buildings.
"My mom tells me that I can't control what happens to me，" Natalie says，"but I can always choose how I deal with it."
Natalie's choice was to help.
She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick，who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down.Within days，Patrick's collection was replaced.
In the coming months，her website page helped lots of kids：Christopher，who received a new basketball；Charlie，who got a new keyboard.Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much﹣need supplies to Rockaway.Her efforts made her a famous person.Last April，she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.
Today，the scars（疮痍）of destruction are still seen in Rockaway，but hope is in the air.The streets are clear，and many homes have been rebuilt. "I can't imagine living anywhere but Rockaway，" Natalie declares."My neighborhood will be back，even stronger than before."
Unit 4 Natural disasters
参考答案与试题解析
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．After work one day，I grabbed a pizza for dinner at the mall.As I was heading home，I saw a girl sitting in a corner of the mall.Her hair covered her face and her body was（1） C .I determined to walk past her because that's what we often do.But something made me turn（2） B .I learned her age，and why she begged for money and lived on the streets.Her parents（3） D years ago and she suffered from a serious skin disease.She was（4） C to work because of her disability and had to live in the safest place she could（5） B .She had stayed in shelters in the past，but was treated（6） A .She had to seek shelter from the mall to keep（7） C on cold days，but she said even the mall wasn't safe because security（保安）always threw her out.
I'm one of those people who used to believe there was a system of support to help her.Ideally，I would like to believe in that.I used to think maybe one day I would（8） C "them".Maybe one day I would win the lottery（彩票）.But when I（9） D that girl，I thought to my self，what if no one ever helped her？What if this so called perfect system that I believed in didn't even know or（10） A her existence（存在）？What if I didn't（11） C any money？What if she was not going to be around long enough to（12） D that "one day"？
I didn't really think about what happened next.I（13） B my dinner with her and gave her all the money I had.When security came，I talked them into assisting her（14） D driving her away like they usually did.
Don't（15） C one day to come before you help someone.Now is that one day—not tomorrow，not next week.If you can do something to ease someone else's suffering，don't wait for that distant one day.Be the one day.Be it now.
（1） A．hot B．heavy C．weak D．wet
（2） A．over B．back C．away D．up
（3） A．returned B．removed C．quarreled D．died
（4） A．eager B．ready C．unable D．curious
（5） A．build B．discover C．expect D．remember
（6） A．terribly B．normally C．carefully D．patiently
（7） A．calm B．wealthy C．warm D．secret
（8） A．respect B．watch C．help D．encourage
（9） A．accepted B．introduced C．persuaded D．noticed
（10） A．care about B．talk about C．write about D．argue about
（11） A．lose B．lend C．win D．waste
（12） A．admit B．imagine C．choose D．see
（13） A．cooked B．shared C．ordered D．prepared
（14） A．along with B．as for C．except for D．instead of
（15） A．worry about B．laugh at C．wait for D．begin with
【答案】（1）﹣（5）CBDCB （6）﹣（10）ACCDA （11）﹣（15）CDBDC
【分析】本文主要讲述作者在路上帮助了一位德皮肤病的女孩，告诉我们如果我们能做些什么来缓解别人的痛苦，不要等待那么遥远的一天，现在就赶快行动起来。
【解答】（1）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.hot热的；B.heavy沉重的；C.weak弱的；D.wet湿的。根据下句she suffered from a serious skin disease.可知她患有严重的皮肤病。说明她非常虚弱（weak），故选C。
（2）B.考查副词及语境理解。A.over结束；B.back后面；C.away离开；D.up 向上。根据下句 I learned her age，and why she begged for money and lived on the streets.可知我了解了她的年龄，为什么她要求钱财并住在街头。说明作者转身（turn back）去了解她的情况，turn back：转身。故选B。
（3）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.returned返回；B.removed移除；C.quarreled争吵；D.died去世。她的父母多年前去世（die），她患有严重的皮肤病。故选D。
（4）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.eager热切的；B.ready准备好的；C.unable不能的；D.curious好奇的。她因为残疾而不能（unable）工作，不得不住在她可以发现的最安全的地方。故选C。
（5）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.build建造；B.discover发现；C.expect期待；D.remember记得。她因为残疾而无法工作，不得不住在她可以发现（discover）的最安全的地方。故选B。
（6）A.考查副词及语境理解。A.terribly非常糟糕地；B.normally通常；C.carefully仔细地；D.patiently耐心地。她过去一直住在避难所，但受到了糟糕的待遇。故选A。
（7）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.calm冷静的；B.wealthy富有的；C.warm温暖的；D.secret秘密的。根据下句on cold days可知在寒冷的天气，说明她想找避难所去保持温暖（warm），故选C。
（8）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.respect尊重；B.watch观看；C.help帮助；D.encourage鼓励。我曾经想过，也许有一天我会帮助（help）"他们"。故选D。
（9）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.accepted接受；B.introduced介绍；C.persuaded说服；D.noticed注意到。但是当我注意到那个女孩的时候，我想，如果没有人帮助过她，怎么办？故选C。
（10）A.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.care about 关心，B.talk about 谈论，C.write about 写，D.argue about 争论。如果我相信这个所谓的完美系统，甚至不知道或不关心（care about）她的存在，又怎么办呢？故选A。
（11）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.lose输；B.lend借出；C.win赢得；D.waste浪费。根据上句 Maybe one day I would win the lottery（彩票）。可知也许有一天我会赢彩票，挣很多钱，故选C。
（12）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.admit承认；B.imagine想象；C.choose选择；D.see看见。如果她不会长时间在那里等待看到（see）"有一天"，会怎么样？故选D。
（13）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.cooked烹饪；B.shared共享；C.ordered订购；D.prepared准备。我和她分享（share）了我的晚餐，并把她所有的钱都给了她。故选B。
（14）D.考查介词短语及语境理解。A.along with连同；B.as for至于；C.except for除了；D.instead of而不是，代替。当保安到来时，我说服他们帮助她，而不是像往常一样驱赶她。故选D。
（15）C.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.worry about 担心，B.laugh at 嘲笑，C.wait for 等待，D.begin with 开始。别等待（wait for）一天的到来，赶紧去帮助他人，故选C。
【点评】做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等．答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．We often hear stories of animals rescuing people.But now someone has managed to return the favor.
The event took place one snowy January morning.Thomas Smith was walking his dog，Jack，in the park. "As I was walking，I just saw Jack running onto the ice towards the ducks in the middle，and then he fell into the water and couldn't climb out，" said Smith.He realized he had no choice but to try and save his dog. "Someone else told me the lake was only one﹣meter deep，but it was at least twice that.I had to break my way through the 6﹣cm ice.Finally，I got Jack by the neck，and pulled him out.I don't think I have ever felt so cold by the time we got back to dry land.And when we got there，everyone was asking if Jack was okay﹣no one was particularly worried about me!"
A neighbor，Julie Brown，saw it all happen. "The dog went onto an icy lake.All of a sudden，it started to go under.There were crowds of people around，and they were all shouting and screaming.Before I knew it，the owner（Smith）was in the water forcing his way through the ice.I can't begin to imagine how cold it was.Everyone was very nervous，but he was as cool as a cucumber —he just crawled back out，put the dog on its lead，and went home."
Many regard him as a hero，but Mr Smith is quite laidback about it."Most dog owners are the same as me.They would do what I did without a second thought.But in the future，I'm going to make sure he's on a lead near any icy ponds.Pets are members of our family.Would you do the same for them？"
（1）What happened on a cold January morning？ C
A．Mr Smith met Jack in the park.
B．Mr Smith ran after Jack on the ice.
C．Jack fell from the ice into the water.
D．Jack played with the ducks in the water.
（2）The underlined phrases "as cool as a cucumber" in Paragraph 3 means A .
A．relaxed
B．proud
C．shy
D．brave
（3）What is the best title of the passage？ B
A．A Man's Pet Dog
B．A Dog's Best Friend
C．The Danger on the Icy Lake
D．Suggestions for Pets' Owners
【答案】CAB
【分析】本文主要讲述了人们和狗之间的故事。
【解答】（1）C.细节理解题。根据第二段I just saw Jack running onto the ice towards the ducks in the middle，and then he fell into the water and couldn't climb out.我刚才看见杰克在冰上朝中间的鸭子跑去，然后他掉进水里，爬不出来了.可知杰克从冰上掉到了水里。故选C。
（2）A.词义猜测题。根据第三段Everyone was very nervous，but he was as cool as a cucumber﹣he just crawled（爬行）back out.put the dog on its lead，and went home."每个人都很紧张，但他很_____他刚爬出来，把狗牵上，然后回家去了。"可知每个人都很紧张，but表示转折，结合选项，应说但他很从容，所以as cool as a cucumber意为放松、冷静。A.relaxed放松的；B.proud骄傲的；C.shy害羞的；D.brave勇敢的。故选A。
（3）B.标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段We often hear stories of animals rescuing people．我们经常听到动物救人的故事；第一段But now someone has managed to return the favor.但是现在有人设法报答了；第三段the owner Smith was in the water forcing his way through the ice.主人史密斯在水里强行穿过冰层；最后一段Pets are members of our family．Would you do the same for them？宠物是我们家的一员。你也会这样做吗？可知本文主要讲述了人类也是狗的最好朋友。因此标题为"A Dog's Best Friend."最为合适，故选B。
【点评】做这类阅读理解，要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
3．Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth's plates.These plates slowly move over a long period of time.Sometimes the edges，which are called fault lines，can get stuck，but the plates keep moving.Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and，once the pressure gets strong enough，the plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake.
Generally before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes.The ones that happen before are called foreshocks.The ones that happen after are called aftershocks. Scientists don't really know if an earthquake is a foreshock until the bigger earthquake occurs.
Shock waves from an earthquake that travel through the ground are called seismic waves（地震波）.They are most powerful at the centre of the earthquake，but they travel through much of the earth and back to the surface.They move quickly at 20 times the speed of sound.
Scientists use seismic waves to measure how big an earthquake is.They use a device called a seismograph（地震仪） to measure the size of the waves.The size of the waves is called the magnitude
To tell the strength of an earthquake scientists use a scale called the Moment Magnitude S ale or MMS（it used to be called the Richter scale）.The larger the number on the MMS，the larger the earthquake.You usually won't even notice an earthquake unless it measures at least a 3 on the MMS.Here are some examples of what may happen depending on the scale：
4.0﹣Could shake your house as if a large truck were passing close by.Some people may not notice.
5.0﹣If you are in a car，it may shake.Glasses and dishes may rattle.Windows may break.
6.0﹣Items will fall off shelves.Walls in some houses may crack and windows break.Pretty much everyone near the centre will feel this one.
7.0﹣Weaker buildings will collapse and cracks will occur in bridges and on the street.
8.0﹣Many buildings and bridges fall down.Large cracks in the earth.
9.0 and up﹣Whole cities flattened and large﹣scale damage.
（1）If a 5.0﹣magnitude earthquake hit your area，what might happen？ C
A．Your house might shake violently.
B．Рeople might feel no shaking at all.
C．The family photo may fall off the wall.
D．There might be cracks everywhere on the street.
（2）What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence in paragraph 2？ A
A．It's still hard to tell foreshocks from main earthquakes.
B．Scientists can't exactly measure the strength of an earthquake.
C．People may ignore foreshocks when an earthquake is not so strong.
D．The earthquake won't cause any damage unless it reaches 9.0 MMS.
（3）The writer explains the concepts concerning the earthquake by B .
A．listing examples
B．giving explanations
C．making comparisons
D．offering data
（4）The passage is written mainly to D .
A．enrich people's knowledge of self﹣rescue in disasters
B．stress the importance of earthquake rescue
C．issue early warnings before an earthquake
D．present facts about the earthquake
【答案】（1）﹣（4）CABD
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了关于地震的相关事实，如地震产生的原因、大地震前后会有小地震、地震波的含义、地震强度的测量方式以及不同级别的地震可能会发生的一些事情。
【解答】（1）C.推理判断题。根据倒数第五段中的"If you are in a ca，it may shake.Glasses and dishes may rattle.Windows may break."（如果你在车里，它可能会摇晃。杯子和盘子可能会发出响声。窗户可能破碎）可知，如果你所在地区发生5.0级地震，家庭照片可能会从墙上掉下来。故选C。
（2）A.句义猜测题。根据第二段中的"Generally before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes.The ones that happen before are called after shocks.The ones that happen after are called aftershocks."（一般来说，大地震前后会有小地震。之前发生的被称为前震。之后发生的称为余震。）可推知直到大地震发生，科学家才真正知道这次地震是否是前震。可知划线句子意思为"前震和主震仍然很难区分"，故选A。
（3）B.推理判断题。根据第一段中的These plates slowly move over a long period of time.Sometimes the edges，which are called fault lines，can get stuck，but the plates keep moving.Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and，once the pressure gets strong enough，the plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake.（这些板块在很长一段时间内缓慢移动。有时被称为断层线的边综会被卡住，但板块仍在移动。在边缘被卡住的地方，压力开始慢慢增大，一旦压力足够大，板块就会突然移动，引起地震，主要为解释地震产生的原因）可知作者通过解释原因的论证方式来解释了有关地震的概念。故选B。
（4）D.主旨大意题。根据第一段中的"Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth's plates."（地震通常发生在地球板块的大部分边缘）以及后文主要说明了关于地震的相关知识，可知这篇文章主要是为了介绍地震的相关事实。故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
4．Based on new analysis，we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.Geographers predict that within the next eighty years，current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear.Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter，forcing animals to migrate（迁徙）north.
Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense.If the changes come too quickly，animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.
According to Science Daily，a new study predicts that by the year 2100，many of today's familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today's world.It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these farreaching consequences for the whole world.The planet itself has been showing signs of change.In 2004，a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008，thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake.Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.
Within just the last few months，new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought.At this point，it doesn't matter what is causing it，but rather，what can be done about it.What's more，our world is getting more and more unstable every year.There is war and threat of war everywhere.Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.
However，other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this.No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.
（1）Which of the following would be the best title for the Passage？ D
A．Ways to protect our planet.
B．Solutions to climate change.
C．Be prepared for climate change.
D．Climate change and its effects.
（2）What is the author's purpose in using the examples of earthquakes？ C
A．To show the damage earthquakes caused.
B．To remind people to prevent future earthquakes.
C．To show major changes are taking place on the planet.
D．To tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.
（3）What does the underlined word "devastated" in Paragraph 3 mean？ B
A．Separated.
B．Destroyed.
C．Removed.
D．Affected.
（4）What can be inferred from the Passage？ D
A．Animals and plants won't die out as long as climate changes slowly.
B．There's enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.
C．The world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.
D．The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.
【答案】（1）﹣（4）DCBD
【分析】本文是说明文。文章叙述了气候变化导致的严重后果。气候的变化会导致世界气候带发生变化、疾病蔓延、一些物种灭绝、极端气候增多。我们应该采取措施应对气候的变化。
【解答】（1）D.标题判断题。文章主要介绍了气候变化导致的严重后果。气候的变化会导致世界气候带发生变化、疾病蔓延、一些物种灭绝、极端气候增多。因此Climate change and its effects是最好的标题。故选D项。
（2）C.写作意图题。根据第3段 "The planet itself has been showing signs of change"（地球本身已经显示出变化的迹象） 可知，作者下文中举出地震的例子是说明"我们的星球一直表现出气候变化的迹象"，气候变化正在我们的星球上发生。故选C项。
（3）B.词句猜测题。文章第3段提到in 2008，thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake.Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.（2008年，中国又发生了一次严重地震，数千人死亡。2009年埃及发生了一次大地震，2010年海地又发生了一次大地震。）说明地震带来的损失；因此可推测devastated意思为"摧毁，破坏"。A.Separated分离；B.Destroyed破坏；C.Removed消除；D.Affected影响。故选B项。
（4）D.推理判断题。根据最后一段"However，other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own"（然而，其他行星正在经历全球变暖，就像我们自己的行星一样）可知，不仅我们的星球，而且其他的星球也都在经历着全球变暖。故选D项。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
5．（2024秋 临泉县校级期中）On Wednesday a powerful earthquake hit Amatrice that was at the epicenter，which is the point in the earth's surface directly above where the earthquake happens.The town's clock tower was the only building still standing.Italy's prime minister said the earthquake had killed at least 120 people，and warned that the number might increase.There were several villages that were affected in farther mountainous areas.The earthquake was also felt as far away as Rome，100 miles from the epicenter.
Earthquakes can't be predicted.There are warning systems that can save some lives，but only under certain conditions.Unlike a tornado（龙卷风）warning where radar（雷达）can see it and issue a warning before it，an earthquake warning happens when the earth is already shaking.We don't have a system that can predict when the earth is going to shake.Our warning system is based on the fact that the earth is already shaking.The warning depends on how far you are from the earthquake epicenter.If you're at an earthquake epicenter，you're going to get no warning.If you're far away from the epicenter，we can give you some time to prepare.
Another condition is how close the sensor（传感器）is to the epicenter.If the sensor is 10 miles away from the epicenter，it takes five seconds to get to that sensor.So，the more sensors we get，the more time we'll get as well.If you get 10 seconds notice of an earthquake that's happening，especially a big one，you can open up the lifts on the nearest floor.You can also stop all the things that are moving before the shaking gets there.If you're 30 miles away，your warning could be 15 seconds.It is 15 seconds that can save your life.
（1）What can be learned from the first paragraph？ D
A．The earthquake happened on Monday.
B．The earthquake destroyed all the buildings.
C．Fewer than 120 people lost their lives.
D．Rome is 100 miles away from Amatrice.
（2）What can we say about the earthquake warning？ B
A．It can always give us time to prepare.
B．It is different from the tornado warning.
C．It can tell us where the earthquake will be.
D．It can predict when earthquakes will happen.
（3）How far might you be from the epicenter with 10 seconds notice of an earthquake？ C
A．5 miles.
B．10 miles.
C．20 miles.
D．25 miles.
（4）What is the purpose of the text？ B
A．To report a powerful earthquake.
B．To introduce the earthquake warning.
C．To compare earthquakes with tornados.
D．To explain how the earthquake happens.
【答案】D B C B
【分析】本文介绍了虽然地震是无法预测的但是我们的预警系统是基于地球已经在震动的事实。这个警告取决于你离地震震中有多远。能在一定程度上起到提醒作用。
【解答】（1）D.细节理解题。根据原文第一段"The earthquake was also felt as far away as Rome，100 miles from the epicenter.地震也在距震中100英里的罗马也有感觉。"可知从第一段中可以得知罗马离阿玛特里奇100英里。故选D.
（2）B.细节理解题。根据原文第二段"Unlike a tornado（龙卷风）warning where radar（雷达）can see it and issue a warning before it，an earthquake warning happens when the earth is already shaking.不像龙卷风（龙卷风）雷达警告（雷达）可以看到它并在它之前发出警告，当地球已经在震动时，就会发生地震警报。"可知地震警报它不同于龙卷风警报。故选B.
（3）C.数字计算题。根据原文最后一段"If the sensor is 10 miles away from the epicenter，it takes five seconds to get to that sensor.如果传感器距离震中10英里，则需要5秒钟才能到达该传感器。"可知，10秒就可以看到地震了，你离震中20英里。A.5 miles5英里；B.10 miles10英里；C.20 miles20英里；D.25 miles25英里。故选C.
（4）B.写作目的题。本文介绍了虽然地震是无法预测的但是我们的预警系统是基于地球已经在震动的事实。这个警告取决于你离地震震中有多远。能在一定程度上起到提醒作用。可知本文的目的是介绍地震预警。故选B.
【点评】1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2024秋 肥东县校级月考）
How to read more and learn more
These days，more and more Chinese people enjoy sending and receiving messages on the phone.It can help them to get the latest news and communicate with friends.But I think I should read more books besides the textbooks，the more，the better.It can broaden my mind and improve my language skills.（1） D Here are some tips for you.
Clear your purpose for reading.
（2） F Most people read for two main reasons，pleasure or knowledge.Clearing about your reading purpose can not only help you choose the books you really need to read，but also remind you why reading the book is important to you，so you will keep reading and complete the book faster.
（3） A
No matter what you are reading，it is important to enjoy what you read.Your friends may introduce you the books they love，but those books might not necessarily be the ones you enjoy.
Give up books that you don't enjoy.
You may have chosen books that you are interested in，and they are right purpose.But while you are reading them，there may still be some books that you don't enjoy reading.Whenever you realize that you aren't enjoying the book you are reading，give it up.（4） C
Set a reading goal.
It is interesting that I read the books borrowed from libraries faster than those I bought.The reason is the books I bought don't have a due date!I don't need to return those books.
（5） G Before you read each book，ask yourself what time you need to complete this book by.
A.Read only what you are interested in.
B.Read the books borrowed from others.
C.Remember reading shouldn't be a burden（负担）.
D.Of course，it also can help me to get good grades.
E.We need to get the latest news and communicate with friends.
F.Before you start reading，ask yourself why you are reading this book.
G.Having a reading goal helps you work out how much reading you need to do in a week or even a day.
【答案】DFACG
【分析】阅读能开阔我们的视野，提高我们的语言能力，也有助于我们取得好成绩。本文给出一些读书建议，包括：明确你读书的目的；放弃你不喜欢的书；设定阅读目标以及只读你感兴趣的东西。
【解答】（1）D.推理判断题。根据前句"It can broaden our mind and improve our language skills."（它能开阔我们的视野，提高我们的语言能力。）可知说明阅读的好处。所以选项D.Of course，it also can help me to get good grades."当然，这也有助于我们取得好成绩。"符合前后的语境。故选D。
（2）F.细节理解题。根据后句"Most people read for two main reasons，pleasure or knowledge."（大多数人读书有两个主要原因，快乐或知识。）可知，选项F.Before you start reading，ask yourself why you are reading this book."在你开始阅读之前，问问自己为什么要读这本书。"符合前后的语境，reasons是关键词。故选F。
（3）A.推理判断题。根据前句"Whenever you realize that you don't enjoy the book you are reading，give it up."（每当你意识到你不喜欢你正在读的书，就放弃它。）可知，选项A.Read only what you are interested in."只阅读你感兴趣的内容。"的选项A符合前后的语境，后句是对前句的总结。故选A。
（4）C.主旨判断题。根据后句"No matter what you are reading，it is important to enjoy what you read."（不管你在读什么，享受你所读的是很重要的。）可知，选项C.Remember reading shouldn't be a burden（负担）."记住阅读不应该是一种负担。"符合本段的主题。故选C。
（5）G.细节理解题。根据主题句"Set a reading goal."（设立一个阅读目标。）可知，选项G.Having a reading goal helps you work out how much reading you need to do in a week or even a day."有一个阅读目标可以帮助你计算出一周甚至一天需要阅读多少。"符合前后的语境，a reading goal是原词复现。故选G。
【点评】该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是解题的关键。
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．One act of kindness is leading to another.And as kindness（1） is passed/is being passed （pass）to another，new friendships are forming and existing ones are strengthening.
My elderly neighbor called my daughter and me（2） to pick （pick）fruits from her tree as the fruits were high and it was required to step on a huge ladder to get them.After an hour spent（3） chatting （chat）and picking the fruits，she treated us to a glass of fruit juice.（4） In addition，she gave us plenty of fruits to hand out to（5） our （we） friends.
I then gave them to three other senior friends of mine.One of them gave me a hot tomato soup.I tasted it.It was so delicious（6） that I couldn't help asking her about it.She told me that her mom and grandma were both top（7） cooks （cook） and she learned it from them when she was helping them in her youth.
This was（8） totally （total） unexpected and interesting to know.Besides，she invited me again and agreed that we would prepare the dish together，（9） which was the best part of all.I feel very（10） thankful （thank） for these friendships and connections.Kindness and friendship always go hand in hand.
【答案】（1）is passed/is being passed（2）to pick（3）chatting（4）In（5）our（6）that（7）cooks（8）totally（9）which（10）thankful
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者通过分享邻居家的果子增进了朋友之间的友谊。
【解答】（1）is passed/is being passed.考查被动语态。句意：当善良传递给他人时，新的友谊正在形成，现有的友谊也在加强。根据后文"new friendships are forming and existing ones are strengthening"可知，此处时态可用一般现在时或现在进行时，谓语动词pass和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，结构为be done或be being done，因主语kindness为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填is passed/is being passed。
（2）to pick.考查动词不定式。句意：我年迈的邻居叫我和女儿去摘她那棵树上的果子，因为果子很高，需要爬上一架巨大的梯子才能摘到。call sb to do sth"叫某人干某事"是动词固定用法，动词不定式作宾补。故填to pick。
（3）chatting.考查动名词。句意：在闲聊了一个小时并摘了水果后，她请我们喝了一杯果汁。spend some time（in）doing sth是动词固定用法，动名词作介词in的宾语，in可省略。故填chatting。
（4）In.考查介词。句意：此外，她还给了我们很多水果来分给我们的朋友。in addition"另外；此外"是介词短语，固定搭配，句子首字母大写，故填In。
（5）our.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：此外，她还给了我们很多水果来分给我们的朋友。根据空格后的名词friends，可知此处应填形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填our。
（6）that.考查结果状语从句。句意：它是如此美味，我忍不住问她怎么做的。分子句子可知，此处是so…that（如此……以至于……）句型，所以应用that引导结果状语从句。故填that。
（7）cooks.考查名词复数。句意：她告诉我，她的妈妈和奶奶都是顶尖的厨师，她年轻时帮助他们的时候就从他们那里学到了这一点。因主语"her mom and grandma"两个人为复数，所以应用可数名词cook的复数形式，作表语。故填cooks。
（8）totally.考查副词。句意：这完全出乎意料，而且也很有趣。修饰形容词应用副词，所以此处应用total的副词形式修饰过去分词转化的形容词unexpected。故填totally。
（9）which.考查定语从句。句意：此外，再说，她又邀请我，答应我们一起准备菜，这是最好的一部分。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句子，关系代词which引导从句，代指先行词，在从句中作主语。故填which。
（10）thankful.考查形容词。句意：我非常感谢这些友谊和联系。根据系动词feel可知，此处应填thank的形容词作表语。故填thankful。
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词的适当形式填空。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
五．单词拼写（共5小题）
8．（2024秋 兴庆区校级期末）I can certainly feel the effects （结果；影响） of too many late nights．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】我当然能感觉到熬夜太多产生影响．
【解答】答案是effects．本题考查语境中选用恰当的词的适当形式．effect n．影响；根据语境，熬夜有不同的影响，故用复数，故答案是effects．
【点评】翻译填空要根据所提供的汉语意思结合语境和句子结构选择恰当的词、短语或句型；同时注意句子结构和所选词的形式变化．英译汉时要结合短语本身的意思和语境恰当翻译．
9．The number of families seeking shelter rose by 17 percent （百分比）．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】寻找避难所的家庭的数量上升了17%．
【解答】答案：percent．
分析句子的结构可知，本句考查名词的识记与拼写，根据汉语提示可知，使用名词percent，意为百分比．
【点评】考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺．
10．（2024秋 古浪县校级期末）Don't leave the lights on it wastes electricity （电）．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】不要让灯亮着，这浪费电．
【解答】答案：electricity．考查翻译填空．根据句意及句子结构，要填入electricity，waste是及物动词，后接名词作宾语．electricity是不可数名词．
【点评】考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺．
11．（2024秋 思明区校级月考）Two people got trapped （困住） in the lift this morning when the electricity was cut off.
【答案】trapped.
【分析】今天早上停电时，有两个人被困在电梯里。
【解答】答案：trapped.根据题意，"困住"可以翻译成"trap"，其中trap和two people之间属于逻辑上的被动关系。故用trapped过去分词来表示被动。故填trapped。
【点评】考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子，翻译单词，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词的词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更畅通。
12．According to rules of our school，teachers are supposed to make a summary （总结） of their teaching every day.
【答案】summary.
【分析】根据我们学校的规定，教师应该每天总结他们的教学。
【解答】答案：summary.根据题意，"总结"可以翻译成"summary"，其中"make a summary"可以翻译成"总结"，其中a为冠词，后接单数可数名词。故填summary。
【点评】考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子，翻译单词，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词的词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更畅通。
六．书面表达（共2小题）
13．假设你是来自美国的汤姆，你从电视新闻上得知你朋友王林所在的城市发生了地震．请你给王林写一封信，内容包括：
1．询问王林及其家人是否安好；
2．得知该地震的影响：6人死亡，500多人受伤，20人失踪，200多所房子坍塌；
3．愿意尽最大努力提供帮助．
注意：1．词数80左右（信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】高分句型一：When I watched the news on TV，I learned that a terrible earthquake happened in your city．
译文：当我在电视上看新闻时，我得知你们城市发生了一场可怕的地震．
分析：when引导时间状语从句，that引导宾语从句．
高分句型二：As one of your best friends，I will do what I can to help you．
译文：作为你最好的朋友之一，我会尽我所能帮助你．
分析：这句话使用what引导宾语从句．
【解答】Dear Wang Lin，
How are you doing？When I watched the news on TV，I learned that a terrible earthquake happened in your city． 【高分句型一】I was really concerned about you and your family．（询问王林及其家人是否安好）
I'm so sorry to hear about the disaster．It caused six deaths and left more than five hundred persons injured．
What's worse，20 persons were missing and over two hundred houses fell down．I hope that none of your family members was injured．（得知该地震的影响：6人死亡，500多人受伤，20人失踪，200多所房子坍塌）
Please don't be worried．Everything will be fine．If you need any help，please let me know．As one of your best friends，I will do what I can to help you． 【高分句型二】（愿意尽最大努力提供帮助）
Yours sincerely，
Tom
【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来．动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．
14．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Natalie Doan，14，has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway，New York.Living just a few blocks from the beach，Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. "It's the ocean that makes Rockaway so special，" she says.
On October 29，2012，that ocean turned fierce.That night，Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast，and Rockaway was hit especially hard.Fortunately，Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridge closed.
When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighborhood in ruins.Many of Natalie's friends had lost their homes and were living far away.All around her，people were suffering，especially the elderly.Natalie's school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
In the following few days，the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys.Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild.Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless highrise buildings.
"My mom tells me that I can't control what happens to me，" Natalie says，"but I can always choose how I deal with it."
Natalie's choice was to help.
She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick，who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down.Within days，Patrick's collection was replaced.
In the coming months，her website page helped lots of kids：Christopher，who received a new basketball；Charlie，who got a new keyboard.Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much﹣need supplies to Rockaway.Her efforts made her a famous person.Last April，she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.
Today，the scars（疮痍）of destruction are still seen in Rockaway，but hope is in the air.The streets are clear，and many homes have been rebuilt. "I can't imagine living anywhere but Rockaway，" Natalie declares."My neighborhood will be back，even stronger than before."
【答案】Rockaway，where Natalie lived，was almost ruined by Hurricane Sandy.Natalie luckily escaped.After her return，she was motivated by the efforts people made to help Rockaway recover.She therefore established a website connecting survivors with donors.It was a successful try.The neighborhood is hopeful despite the damage brought about by the disaster.
【分析】本文讲述了娜塔莉的居住地几乎被飓风桑迪摧毁，她建立了一个将幸存者与捐赠者联系起来的网站，来帮助受害者。
高分句型一：Rockaway，where Natalie lived，was almost ruined by Hurricane Sandy.
翻译：娜塔莉居住的罗克威几乎被飓风桑迪摧毁。
分析：本句使用了where引导的定语从句。
高分句型二：She therefore established a website connecting survivors with donors.
翻译：因此，她建立了一个网站，将幸存者与捐赠者联系起来。
分析：本句使用了现在分词 connecting survivors with donors做后置定语。
【解答】Rockaway，where Natalie lived，was almost ruined by Hurricane Sandy. 【高分句型一】（要点一）Natalie luckily escaped.After her return，she was motivated by the efforts people made to help Rockaway recover. （要点二） She therefore established a website connecting survivors with donors.【高分句型二】It was a successful try. （要点三）The neighborhood is hopeful despite the damage brought about by the disaster.（要点四）
【点评】写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
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Unit 4 Natural disasters
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．After work one day，I grabbed a pizza for dinner at the mall.As I was heading home，I saw a girl sitting in a corner of the mall.Her hair covered her face and her body was（1） .I determined to walk past her because that's what we often do.But something made me turn（2） .I learned her age，and why she begged for money and lived on the streets.Her parents（3） years ago and she suffered from a serious skin disease.She was（4） to work because of her disability and had to live in the safest place she could（5） .She had stayed in shelters in the past，but was treated（6） .She had to seek shelter from the mall to keep（7） on cold days，but she said even the mall wasn't safe because security（保安）always threw her out.
I'm one of those people who used to believe there was a system of support to help her.Ideally，I would like to believe in that.I used to think maybe one day I would（8） "them".Maybe one day I would win the lottery（彩票）.But when I（9） that girl，I thought to my self，what if no one ever helped her？What if this so called perfect system that I believed in didn't even know or（10） her existence（存在）？What if I didn't（11） any money？What if she was not going to be around long enough to（12） that "one day"？
I didn't really think about what happened next.I（13） my dinner with her and gave her all the money I had.When security came，I talked them into assisting her（14） driving her away like they usually did.
Don't（15） one day to come before you help someone.Now is that one day—not tomorrow，not next week.If you can do something to ease someone else's suffering，don't wait for that distant one day.Be the one day.Be it now.
（1） A．hot B．heavy C．weak D．wet
（2） A．over B．back C．away D．up
（3） A．returned B．removed C．quarreled D．died
（4） A．eager B．ready C．unable D．curious
（5） A．build B．discover C．expect D．remember
（6） A．terribly B．normally C．carefully D．patiently
（7） A．calm B．wealthy C．warm D．secret
（8） A．respect B．watch C．help D．encourage
（9） A．accepted B．introduced C．persuaded D．noticed
（10） A．care about B．talk about C．write about D．argue about
（11） A．lose B．lend C．win D．waste
（12） A．admit B．imagine C．choose D．see
（13） A．cooked B．shared C．ordered D．prepared
（14） A．along with B．as for C．except for D．instead of
（15） A．worry about B．laugh at C．wait for D．begin with
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．We often hear stories of animals rescuing people.But now someone has managed to return the favor.
The event took place one snowy January morning.Thomas Smith was walking his dog，Jack，in the park. "As I was walking，I just saw Jack running onto the ice towards the ducks in the middle，and then he fell into the water and couldn't climb out，" said Smith.He realized he had no choice but to try and save his dog. "Someone else told me the lake was only one﹣meter deep，but it was at least twice that.I had to break my way through the 6﹣cm ice.Finally，I got Jack by the neck，and pulled him out.I don't think I have ever felt so cold by the time we got back to dry land.And when we got there，everyone was asking if Jack was okay﹣no one was particularly worried about me!"
A neighbor，Julie Brown，saw it all happen. "The dog went onto an icy lake.All of a sudden，it started to go under.There were crowds of people around，and they were all shouting and screaming.Before I knew it，the owner（Smith）was in the water forcing his way through the ice.I can't begin to imagine how cold it was.Everyone was very nervous，but he was as cool as a cucumber —he just crawled back out，put the dog on its lead，and went home."
Many regard him as a hero，but Mr Smith is quite laidback about it."Most dog owners are the same as me.They would do what I did without a second thought.But in the future，I'm going to make sure he's on a lead near any icy ponds.Pets are members of our family.Would you do the same for them？"
（1）What happened on a cold January morning？
A．Mr Smith met Jack in the park.
B．Mr Smith ran after Jack on the ice.
C．Jack fell from the ice into the water.
D．Jack played with the ducks in the water.
（2）The underlined phrases "as cool as a cucumber" in Paragraph 3 means .
A．relaxed
B．proud
C．shy
D．brave
（3）What is the best title of the passage？
A．A Man's Pet Dog
B．A Dog's Best Friend
C．The Danger on the Icy Lake
D．Suggestions for Pets' Owners
3．Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth's plates.These plates slowly move over a long period of time.Sometimes the edges，which are called fault lines，can get stuck，but the plates keep moving.Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and，once the pressure gets strong enough，the plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake.
Generally before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes.The ones that happen before are called foreshocks.The ones that happen after are called aftershocks. Scientists don't really know if an earthquake is a foreshock until the bigger earthquake occurs.
Shock waves from an earthquake that travel through the ground are called seismic waves（地震波）.They are most powerful at the centre of the earthquake，but they travel through much of the earth and back to the surface.They move quickly at 20 times the speed of sound.
Scientists use seismic waves to measure how big an earthquake is.They use a device called a seismograph（地震仪） to measure the size of the waves.The size of the waves is called the magnitude
To tell the strength of an earthquake scientists use a scale called the Moment Magnitude S ale or MMS（it used to be called the Richter scale）.The larger the number on the MMS，the larger the earthquake.You usually won't even notice an earthquake unless it measures at least a 3 on the MMS.Here are some examples of what may happen depending on the scale：
4.0﹣Could shake your house as if a large truck were passing close by.Some people may not notice.
5.0﹣If you are in a car，it may shake.Glasses and dishes may rattle.Windows may break.
6.0﹣Items will fall off shelves.Walls in some houses may crack and windows break.Pretty much everyone near the centre will feel this one.
7.0﹣Weaker buildings will collapse and cracks will occur in bridges and on the street.
8.0﹣Many buildings and bridges fall down.Large cracks in the earth.
9.0 and up﹣Whole cities flattened and large﹣scale damage.
（1）If a 5.0﹣magnitude earthquake hit your area，what might happen？
A．Your house might shake violently.
B．Рeople might feel no shaking at all.
C．The family photo may fall off the wall.
D．There might be cracks everywhere on the street.
（2）What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence in paragraph 2？
A．It's still hard to tell foreshocks from main earthquakes.
B．Scientists can't exactly measure the strength of an earthquake.
C．People may ignore foreshocks when an earthquake is not so strong.
D．The earthquake won't cause any damage unless it reaches 9.0 MMS.
（3）The writer explains the concepts concerning the earthquake by .
A．listing examples
B．giving explanations
C．making comparisons
D．offering data
（4）The passage is written mainly to .
A．enrich people's knowledge of self﹣rescue in disasters
B．stress the importance of earthquake rescue
C．issue early warnings before an earthquake
D．present facts about the earthquake
4．Based on new analysis，we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.Geographers predict that within the next eighty years，current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear.Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter，forcing animals to migrate（迁徙）north.
Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense.If the changes come too quickly，animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.
According to Science Daily，a new study predicts that by the year 2100，many of today's familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today's world.It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these farreaching consequences for the whole world.The planet itself has been showing signs of change.In 2004，a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008，thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake.Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.
Within just the last few months，new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought.At this point，it doesn't matter what is causing it，but rather，what can be done about it.What's more，our world is getting more and more unstable every year.There is war and threat of war everywhere.Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.
However，other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this.No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.
（1）Which of the following would be the best title for the Passage？
A．Ways to protect our planet.
B．Solutions to climate change.
C．Be prepared for climate change.
D．Climate change and its effects.
（2）What is the author's purpose in using the examples of earthquakes？
A．To show the damage earthquakes caused.
B．To remind people to prevent future earthquakes.
C．To show major changes are taking place on the planet.
D．To tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.
（3）What does the underlined word "devastated" in Paragraph 3 mean？
A．Separated.
B．Destroyed.
C．Removed.
D．Affected.
（4）What can be inferred from the Passage？
A．Animals and plants won't die out as long as climate changes slowly.
B．There's enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.
C．The world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.
D．The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.
5．（2024秋 临泉县校级期中）On Wednesday a powerful earthquake hit Amatrice that was at the epicenter，which is the point in the earth's surface directly above where the earthquake happens.The town's clock tower was the only building still standing.Italy's prime minister said the earthquake had killed at least 120 people，and warned that the number might increase.There were several villages that were affected in farther mountainous areas.The earthquake was also felt as far away as Rome，100 miles from the epicenter.
Earthquakes can't be predicted.There are warning systems that can save some lives，but only under certain conditions.Unlike a tornado（龙卷风）warning where radar（雷达）can see it and issue a warning before it，an earthquake warning happens when the earth is already shaking.We don't have a system that can predict when the earth is going to shake.Our warning system is based on the fact that the earth is already shaking.The warning depends on how far you are from the earthquake epicenter.If you're at an earthquake epicenter，you're going to get no warning.If you're far away from the epicenter，we can give you some time to prepare.
Another condition is how close the sensor（传感器）is to the epicenter.If the sensor is 10 miles away from the epicenter，it takes five seconds to get to that sensor.So，the more sensors we get，the more time we'll get as well.If you get 10 seconds notice of an earthquake that's happening，especially a big one，you can open up the lifts on the nearest floor.You can also stop all the things that are moving before the shaking gets there.If you're 30 miles away，your warning could be 15 seconds.It is 15 seconds that can save your life.
（1）What can be learned from the first paragraph？
A．The earthquake happened on Monday.
B．The earthquake destroyed all the buildings.
C．Fewer than 120 people lost their lives.
D．Rome is 100 miles away from Amatrice.
（2）What can we say about the earthquake warning？
A．It can always give us time to prepare.
B．It is different from the tornado warning.
C．It can tell us where the earthquake will be.
D．It can predict when earthquakes will happen.
（3）How far might you be from the epicenter with 10 seconds notice of an earthquake？
A．5 miles.
B．10 miles.
C．20 miles.
D．25 miles.
（4）What is the purpose of the text？
A．To report a powerful earthquake.
B．To introduce the earthquake warning.
C．To compare earthquakes with tornados.
D．To explain how the earthquake happens.
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2024秋 肥东县校级月考）
How to read more and learn more
These days，more and more Chinese people enjoy sending and receiving messages on the phone.It can help them to get the latest news and communicate with friends.But I think I should read more books besides the textbooks，the more，the better.It can broaden my mind and improve my language skills.（1） Here are some tips for you.
Clear your purpose for reading.
（2） Most people read for two main reasons，pleasure or knowledge.Clearing about your reading purpose can not only help you choose the books you really need to read，but also remind you why reading the book is important to you，so you will keep reading and complete the book faster.
（3）
No matter what you are reading，it is important to enjoy what you read.Your friends may introduce you the books they love，but those books might not necessarily be the ones you enjoy.
Give up books that you don't enjoy.
You may have chosen books that you are interested in，and they are right purpose.But while you are reading them，there may still be some books that you don't enjoy reading.Whenever you realize that you aren't enjoying the book you are reading，give it up.（4）
Set a reading goal.
It is interesting that I read the books borrowed from libraries faster than those I bought.The reason is the books I bought don't have a due date!I don't need to return those books.
（5） Before you read each book，ask yourself what time you need to complete this book by.
A.Read only what you are interested in.
B.Read the books borrowed from others.
C.Remember reading shouldn't be a burden（负担）.
D.Of course，it also can help me to get good grades.
E.We need to get the latest news and communicate with friends.
F.Before you start reading，ask yourself why you are reading this book.
G.Having a reading goal helps you work out how much reading you need to do in a week or even a day.
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．One act of kindness is leading to another.And as kindness（1） （pass）to another，new friendships are forming and existing ones are strengthening.
My elderly neighbor called my daughter and me（2） （pick）fruits from her tree as the fruits were high and it was required to step on a huge ladder to get them.After an hour spent（3） （chat）and picking the fruits，she treated us to a glass of fruit juice.（4） addition，she gave us plenty of fruits to hand out to（5） （we） friends.
I then gave them to three other senior friends of mine.One of them gave me a hot tomato soup.I tasted it.It was so delicious（6） I couldn't help asking her about it.She told me that her mom and grandma were both top（7） （cook） and she learned it from them when she was helping them in her youth.
This was（8） （total） unexpected and interesting to know.Besides，she invited me again and agreed that we would prepare the dish together，（9） was the best part of all.I feel very（10） （thank） for these friendships and connections.Kindness and friendship always go hand in hand.
五．单词拼写（共5小题）
8．（2024秋 兴庆区校级期末）I can certainly feel the （结果；影响） of too many late nights．
9．The number of families seeking shelter rose by 17 （百分比）．
10．（2024秋 古浪县校级期末）Don't leave the lights on it wastes （电）．
11．（2024秋 思明区校级月考）Two people got （困住） in the lift this morning when the electricity was cut off.
12．According to rules of our school，teachers are supposed to make a （总结） of their teaching every day.
六．书面表达（共2小题）
13．假设你是来自美国的汤姆，你从电视新闻上得知你朋友王林所在的城市发生了地震．请你给王林写一封信，内容包括：
1．询问王林及其家人是否安好；
2．得知该地震的影响：6人死亡，500多人受伤，20人失踪，200多所房子坍塌；
3．愿意尽最大努力提供帮助．
注意：1．词数80左右（信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
14．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Natalie Doan，14，has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway，New York.Living just a few blocks from the beach，Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. "It's the ocean that makes Rockaway so special，" she says.
On October 29，2012，that ocean turned fierce.That night，Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast，and Rockaway was hit especially hard.Fortunately，Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridge closed.
When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighborhood in ruins.Many of Natalie's friends had lost their homes and were living far away.All around her，people were suffering，especially the elderly.Natalie's school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
In the following few days，the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys.Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild.Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless highrise buildings.
"My mom tells me that I can't control what happens to me，" Natalie says，"but I can always choose how I deal with it."
Natalie's choice was to help.
She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick，who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down.Within days，Patrick's collection was replaced.
In the coming months，her website page helped lots of kids：Christopher，who received a new basketball；Charlie，who got a new keyboard.Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much﹣need supplies to Rockaway.Her efforts made her a famous person.Last April，she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.
Today，the scars（疮痍）of destruction are still seen in Rockaway，but hope is in the air.The streets are clear，and many homes have been rebuilt. "I can't imagine living anywhere but Rockaway，" Natalie declares."My neighborhood will be back，even stronger than before."
Unit 4 Natural disasters
参考答案与试题解析
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．After work one day，I grabbed a pizza for dinner at the mall.As I was heading home，I saw a girl sitting in a corner of the mall.Her hair covered her face and her body was（1） C .I determined to walk past her because that's what we often do.But something made me turn（2） B .I learned her age，and why she begged for money and lived on the streets.Her parents（3） D years ago and she suffered from a serious skin disease.She was（4） C to work because of her disability and had to live in the safest place she could（5） B .She had stayed in shelters in the past，but was treated（6） A .She had to seek shelter from the mall to keep（7） C on cold days，but she said even the mall wasn't safe because security（保安）always threw her out.
I'm one of those people who used to believe there was a system of support to help her.Ideally，I would like to believe in that.I used to think maybe one day I would（8） C "them".Maybe one day I would win the lottery（彩票）.But when I（9） D that girl，I thought to my self，what if no one ever helped her？What if this so called perfect system that I believed in didn't even know or（10） A her existence（存在）？What if I didn't（11） C any money？What if she was not going to be around long enough to（12） D that "one day"？
I didn't really think about what happened next.I（13） B my dinner with her and gave her all the money I had.When security came，I talked them into assisting her（14） D driving her away like they usually did.
Don't（15） C one day to come before you help someone.Now is that one day—not tomorrow，not next week.If you can do something to ease someone else's suffering，don't wait for that distant one day.Be the one day.Be it now.
（1） A．hot B．heavy C．weak D．wet
（2） A．over B．back C．away D．up
（3） A．returned B．removed C．quarreled D．died
（4） A．eager B．ready C．unable D．curious
（5） A．build B．discover C．expect D．remember
（6） A．terribly B．normally C．carefully D．patiently
（7） A．calm B．wealthy C．warm D．secret
（8） A．respect B．watch C．help D．encourage
（9） A．accepted B．introduced C．persuaded D．noticed
（10） A．care about B．talk about C．write about D．argue about
（11） A．lose B．lend C．win D．waste
（12） A．admit B．imagine C．choose D．see
（13） A．cooked B．shared C．ordered D．prepared
（14） A．along with B．as for C．except for D．instead of
（15） A．worry about B．laugh at C．wait for D．begin with
【答案】（1）﹣（5）CBDCB （6）﹣（10）ACCDA （11）﹣（15）CDBDC
【分析】本文主要讲述作者在路上帮助了一位德皮肤病的女孩，告诉我们如果我们能做些什么来缓解别人的痛苦，不要等待那么遥远的一天，现在就赶快行动起来。
【解答】（1）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.hot热的；B.heavy沉重的；C.weak弱的；D.wet湿的。根据下句she suffered from a serious skin disease.可知她患有严重的皮肤病。说明她非常虚弱（weak），故选C。
（2）B.考查副词及语境理解。A.over结束；B.back后面；C.away离开；D.up 向上。根据下句 I learned her age，and why she begged for money and lived on the streets.可知我了解了她的年龄，为什么她要求钱财并住在街头。说明作者转身（turn back）去了解她的情况，turn back：转身。故选B。
（3）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.returned返回；B.removed移除；C.quarreled争吵；D.died去世。她的父母多年前去世（die），她患有严重的皮肤病。故选D。
（4）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.eager热切的；B.ready准备好的；C.unable不能的；D.curious好奇的。她因为残疾而不能（unable）工作，不得不住在她可以发现的最安全的地方。故选C。
（5）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.build建造；B.discover发现；C.expect期待；D.remember记得。她因为残疾而无法工作，不得不住在她可以发现（discover）的最安全的地方。故选B。
（6）A.考查副词及语境理解。A.terribly非常糟糕地；B.normally通常；C.carefully仔细地；D.patiently耐心地。她过去一直住在避难所，但受到了糟糕的待遇。故选A。
（7）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.calm冷静的；B.wealthy富有的；C.warm温暖的；D.secret秘密的。根据下句on cold days可知在寒冷的天气，说明她想找避难所去保持温暖（warm），故选C。
（8）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.respect尊重；B.watch观看；C.help帮助；D.encourage鼓励。我曾经想过，也许有一天我会帮助（help）"他们"。故选D。
（9）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.accepted接受；B.introduced介绍；C.persuaded说服；D.noticed注意到。但是当我注意到那个女孩的时候，我想，如果没有人帮助过她，怎么办？故选C。
（10）A.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.care about 关心，B.talk about 谈论，C.write about 写，D.argue about 争论。如果我相信这个所谓的完美系统，甚至不知道或不关心（care about）她的存在，又怎么办呢？故选A。
（11）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.lose输；B.lend借出；C.win赢得；D.waste浪费。根据上句 Maybe one day I would win the lottery（彩票）。可知也许有一天我会赢彩票，挣很多钱，故选C。
（12）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.admit承认；B.imagine想象；C.choose选择；D.see看见。如果她不会长时间在那里等待看到（see）"有一天"，会怎么样？故选D。
（13）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.cooked烹饪；B.shared共享；C.ordered订购；D.prepared准备。我和她分享（share）了我的晚餐，并把她所有的钱都给了她。故选B。
（14）D.考查介词短语及语境理解。A.along with连同；B.as for至于；C.except for除了；D.instead of而不是，代替。当保安到来时，我说服他们帮助她，而不是像往常一样驱赶她。故选D。
（15）C.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.worry about 担心，B.laugh at 嘲笑，C.wait for 等待，D.begin with 开始。别等待（wait for）一天的到来，赶紧去帮助他人，故选C。
【点评】做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等．答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．We often hear stories of animals rescuing people.But now someone has managed to return the favor.
The event took place one snowy January morning.Thomas Smith was walking his dog，Jack，in the park. "As I was walking，I just saw Jack running onto the ice towards the ducks in the middle，and then he fell into the water and couldn't climb out，" said Smith.He realized he had no choice but to try and save his dog. "Someone else told me the lake was only one﹣meter deep，but it was at least twice that.I had to break my way through the 6﹣cm ice.Finally，I got Jack by the neck，and pulled him out.I don't think I have ever felt so cold by the time we got back to dry land.And when we got there，everyone was asking if Jack was okay﹣no one was particularly worried about me!"
A neighbor，Julie Brown，saw it all happen. "The dog went onto an icy lake.All of a sudden，it started to go under.There were crowds of people around，and they were all shouting and screaming.Before I knew it，the owner（Smith）was in the water forcing his way through the ice.I can't begin to imagine how cold it was.Everyone was very nervous，but he was as cool as a cucumber —he just crawled back out，put the dog on its lead，and went home."
Many regard him as a hero，but Mr Smith is quite laidback about it."Most dog owners are the same as me.They would do what I did without a second thought.But in the future，I'm going to make sure he's on a lead near any icy ponds.Pets are members of our family.Would you do the same for them？"
（1）What happened on a cold January morning？ C
A．Mr Smith met Jack in the park.
B．Mr Smith ran after Jack on the ice.
C．Jack fell from the ice into the water.
D．Jack played with the ducks in the water.
（2）The underlined phrases "as cool as a cucumber" in Paragraph 3 means A .
A．relaxed
B．proud
C．shy
D．brave
（3）What is the best title of the passage？ B
A．A Man's Pet Dog
B．A Dog's Best Friend
C．The Danger on the Icy Lake
D．Suggestions for Pets' Owners
【答案】CAB
【分析】本文主要讲述了人们和狗之间的故事。
【解答】（1）C.细节理解题。根据第二段I just saw Jack running onto the ice towards the ducks in the middle，and then he fell into the water and couldn't climb out.我刚才看见杰克在冰上朝中间的鸭子跑去，然后他掉进水里，爬不出来了.可知杰克从冰上掉到了水里。故选C。
（2）A.词义猜测题。根据第三段Everyone was very nervous，but he was as cool as a cucumber﹣he just crawled（爬行）back out.put the dog on its lead，and went home."每个人都很紧张，但他很_____他刚爬出来，把狗牵上，然后回家去了。"可知每个人都很紧张，but表示转折，结合选项，应说但他很从容，所以as cool as a cucumber意为放松、冷静。A.relaxed放松的；B.proud骄傲的；C.shy害羞的；D.brave勇敢的。故选A。
（3）B.标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段We often hear stories of animals rescuing people．我们经常听到动物救人的故事；第一段But now someone has managed to return the favor.但是现在有人设法报答了；第三段the owner Smith was in the water forcing his way through the ice.主人史密斯在水里强行穿过冰层；最后一段Pets are members of our family．Would you do the same for them？宠物是我们家的一员。你也会这样做吗？可知本文主要讲述了人类也是狗的最好朋友。因此标题为"A Dog's Best Friend."最为合适，故选B。
【点评】做这类阅读理解，要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
3．Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth's plates.These plates slowly move over a long period of time.Sometimes the edges，which are called fault lines，can get stuck，but the plates keep moving.Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and，once the pressure gets strong enough，the plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake.
Generally before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes.The ones that happen before are called foreshocks.The ones that happen after are called aftershocks. Scientists don't really know if an earthquake is a foreshock until the bigger earthquake occurs.
Shock waves from an earthquake that travel through the ground are called seismic waves（地震波）.They are most powerful at the centre of the earthquake，but they travel through much of the earth and back to the surface.They move quickly at 20 times the speed of sound.
Scientists use seismic waves to measure how big an earthquake is.They use a device called a seismograph（地震仪） to measure the size of the waves.The size of the waves is called the magnitude
To tell the strength of an earthquake scientists use a scale called the Moment Magnitude S ale or MMS（it used to be called the Richter scale）.The larger the number on the MMS，the larger the earthquake.You usually won't even notice an earthquake unless it measures at least a 3 on the MMS.Here are some examples of what may happen depending on the scale：
4.0﹣Could shake your house as if a large truck were passing close by.Some people may not notice.
5.0﹣If you are in a car，it may shake.Glasses and dishes may rattle.Windows may break.
6.0﹣Items will fall off shelves.Walls in some houses may crack and windows break.Pretty much everyone near the centre will feel this one.
7.0﹣Weaker buildings will collapse and cracks will occur in bridges and on the street.
8.0﹣Many buildings and bridges fall down.Large cracks in the earth.
9.0 and up﹣Whole cities flattened and large﹣scale damage.
（1）If a 5.0﹣magnitude earthquake hit your area，what might happen？ C
A．Your house might shake violently.
B．Рeople might feel no shaking at all.
C．The family photo may fall off the wall.
D．There might be cracks everywhere on the street.
（2）What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence in paragraph 2？ A
A．It's still hard to tell foreshocks from main earthquakes.
B．Scientists can't exactly measure the strength of an earthquake.
C．People may ignore foreshocks when an earthquake is not so strong.
D．The earthquake won't cause any damage unless it reaches 9.0 MMS.
（3）The writer explains the concepts concerning the earthquake by B .
A．listing examples
B．giving explanations
C．making comparisons
D．offering data
（4）The passage is written mainly to D .
A．enrich people's knowledge of self﹣rescue in disasters
B．stress the importance of earthquake rescue
C．issue early warnings before an earthquake
D．present facts about the earthquake
【答案】（1）﹣（4）CABD
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了关于地震的相关事实，如地震产生的原因、大地震前后会有小地震、地震波的含义、地震强度的测量方式以及不同级别的地震可能会发生的一些事情。
【解答】（1）C.推理判断题。根据倒数第五段中的"If you are in a ca，it may shake.Glasses and dishes may rattle.Windows may break."（如果你在车里，它可能会摇晃。杯子和盘子可能会发出响声。窗户可能破碎）可知，如果你所在地区发生5.0级地震，家庭照片可能会从墙上掉下来。故选C。
（2）A.句义猜测题。根据第二段中的"Generally before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes.The ones that happen before are called after shocks.The ones that happen after are called aftershocks."（一般来说，大地震前后会有小地震。之前发生的被称为前震。之后发生的称为余震。）可推知直到大地震发生，科学家才真正知道这次地震是否是前震。可知划线句子意思为"前震和主震仍然很难区分"，故选A。
（3）B.推理判断题。根据第一段中的These plates slowly move over a long period of time.Sometimes the edges，which are called fault lines，can get stuck，but the plates keep moving.Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and，once the pressure gets strong enough，the plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake.（这些板块在很长一段时间内缓慢移动。有时被称为断层线的边综会被卡住，但板块仍在移动。在边缘被卡住的地方，压力开始慢慢增大，一旦压力足够大，板块就会突然移动，引起地震，主要为解释地震产生的原因）可知作者通过解释原因的论证方式来解释了有关地震的概念。故选B。
（4）D.主旨大意题。根据第一段中的"Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth's plates."（地震通常发生在地球板块的大部分边缘）以及后文主要说明了关于地震的相关知识，可知这篇文章主要是为了介绍地震的相关事实。故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
4．Based on new analysis，we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.Geographers predict that within the next eighty years，current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear.Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter，forcing animals to migrate（迁徙）north.
Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense.If the changes come too quickly，animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.
According to Science Daily，a new study predicts that by the year 2100，many of today's familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today's world.It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these farreaching consequences for the whole world.The planet itself has been showing signs of change.In 2004，a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008，thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake.Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.
Within just the last few months，new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought.At this point，it doesn't matter what is causing it，but rather，what can be done about it.What's more，our world is getting more and more unstable every year.There is war and threat of war everywhere.Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.
However，other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this.No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.
（1）Which of the following would be the best title for the Passage？ D
A．Ways to protect our planet.
B．Solutions to climate change.
C．Be prepared for climate change.
D．Climate change and its effects.
（2）What is the author's purpose in using the examples of earthquakes？ C
A．To show the damage earthquakes caused.
B．To remind people to prevent future earthquakes.
C．To show major changes are taking place on the planet.
D．To tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.
（3）What does the underlined word "devastated" in Paragraph 3 mean？ B
A．Separated.
B．Destroyed.
C．Removed.
D．Affected.
（4）What can be inferred from the Passage？ D
A．Animals and plants won't die out as long as climate changes slowly.
B．There's enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.
C．The world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.
D．The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.
【答案】（1）﹣（4）DCBD
【分析】本文是说明文。文章叙述了气候变化导致的严重后果。气候的变化会导致世界气候带发生变化、疾病蔓延、一些物种灭绝、极端气候增多。我们应该采取措施应对气候的变化。
【解答】（1）D.标题判断题。文章主要介绍了气候变化导致的严重后果。气候的变化会导致世界气候带发生变化、疾病蔓延、一些物种灭绝、极端气候增多。因此Climate change and its effects是最好的标题。故选D项。
（2）C.写作意图题。根据第3段 "The planet itself has been showing signs of change"（地球本身已经显示出变化的迹象） 可知，作者下文中举出地震的例子是说明"我们的星球一直表现出气候变化的迹象"，气候变化正在我们的星球上发生。故选C项。
（3）B.词句猜测题。文章第3段提到in 2008，thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake.Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.（2008年，中国又发生了一次严重地震，数千人死亡。2009年埃及发生了一次大地震，2010年海地又发生了一次大地震。）说明地震带来的损失；因此可推测devastated意思为"摧毁，破坏"。A.Separated分离；B.Destroyed破坏；C.Removed消除；D.Affected影响。故选B项。
（4）D.推理判断题。根据最后一段"However，other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own"（然而，其他行星正在经历全球变暖，就像我们自己的行星一样）可知，不仅我们的星球，而且其他的星球也都在经历着全球变暖。故选D项。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
5．（2024秋 临泉县校级期中）On Wednesday a powerful earthquake hit Amatrice that was at the epicenter，which is the point in the earth's surface directly above where the earthquake happens.The town's clock tower was the only building still standing.Italy's prime minister said the earthquake had killed at least 120 people，and warned that the number might increase.There were several villages that were affected in farther mountainous areas.The earthquake was also felt as far away as Rome，100 miles from the epicenter.
Earthquakes can't be predicted.There are warning systems that can save some lives，but only under certain conditions.Unlike a tornado（龙卷风）warning where radar（雷达）can see it and issue a warning before it，an earthquake warning happens when the earth is already shaking.We don't have a system that can predict when the earth is going to shake.Our warning system is based on the fact that the earth is already shaking.The warning depends on how far you are from the earthquake epicenter.If you're at an earthquake epicenter，you're going to get no warning.If you're far away from the epicenter，we can give you some time to prepare.
Another condition is how close the sensor（传感器）is to the epicenter.If the sensor is 10 miles away from the epicenter，it takes five seconds to get to that sensor.So，the more sensors we get，the more time we'll get as well.If you get 10 seconds notice of an earthquake that's happening，especially a big one，you can open up the lifts on the nearest floor.You can also stop all the things that are moving before the shaking gets there.If you're 30 miles away，your warning could be 15 seconds.It is 15 seconds that can save your life.
（1）What can be learned from the first paragraph？ D
A．The earthquake happened on Monday.
B．The earthquake destroyed all the buildings.
C．Fewer than 120 people lost their lives.
D．Rome is 100 miles away from Amatrice.
（2）What can we say about the earthquake warning？ B
A．It can always give us time to prepare.
B．It is different from the tornado warning.
C．It can tell us where the earthquake will be.
D．It can predict when earthquakes will happen.
（3）How far might you be from the epicenter with 10 seconds notice of an earthquake？ C
A．5 miles.
B．10 miles.
C．20 miles.
D．25 miles.
（4）What is the purpose of the text？ B
A．To report a powerful earthquake.
B．To introduce the earthquake warning.
C．To compare earthquakes with tornados.
D．To explain how the earthquake happens.
【答案】D B C B
【分析】本文介绍了虽然地震是无法预测的但是我们的预警系统是基于地球已经在震动的事实。这个警告取决于你离地震震中有多远。能在一定程度上起到提醒作用。
【解答】（1）D.细节理解题。根据原文第一段"The earthquake was also felt as far away as Rome，100 miles from the epicenter.地震也在距震中100英里的罗马也有感觉。"可知从第一段中可以得知罗马离阿玛特里奇100英里。故选D.
（2）B.细节理解题。根据原文第二段"Unlike a tornado（龙卷风）warning where radar（雷达）can see it and issue a warning before it，an earthquake warning happens when the earth is already shaking.不像龙卷风（龙卷风）雷达警告（雷达）可以看到它并在它之前发出警告，当地球已经在震动时，就会发生地震警报。"可知地震警报它不同于龙卷风警报。故选B.
（3）C.数字计算题。根据原文最后一段"If the sensor is 10 miles away from the epicenter，it takes five seconds to get to that sensor.如果传感器距离震中10英里，则需要5秒钟才能到达该传感器。"可知，10秒就可以看到地震了，你离震中20英里。A.5 miles5英里；B.10 miles10英里；C.20 miles20英里；D.25 miles25英里。故选C.
（4）B.写作目的题。本文介绍了虽然地震是无法预测的但是我们的预警系统是基于地球已经在震动的事实。这个警告取决于你离地震震中有多远。能在一定程度上起到提醒作用。可知本文的目的是介绍地震预警。故选B.
【点评】1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2024秋 肥东县校级月考）
How to read more and learn more
These days，more and more Chinese people enjoy sending and receiving messages on the phone.It can help them to get the latest news and communicate with friends.But I think I should read more books besides the textbooks，the more，the better.It can broaden my mind and improve my language skills.（1） D Here are some tips for you.
Clear your purpose for reading.
（2） F Most people read for two main reasons，pleasure or knowledge.Clearing about your reading purpose can not only help you choose the books you really need to read，but also remind you why reading the book is important to you，so you will keep reading and complete the book faster.
（3） A
No matter what you are reading，it is important to enjoy what you read.Your friends may introduce you the books they love，but those books might not necessarily be the ones you enjoy.
Give up books that you don't enjoy.
You may have chosen books that you are interested in，and they are right purpose.But while you are reading them，there may still be some books that you don't enjoy reading.Whenever you realize that you aren't enjoying the book you are reading，give it up.（4） C
Set a reading goal.
It is interesting that I read the books borrowed from libraries faster than those I bought.The reason is the books I bought don't have a due date!I don't need to return those books.
（5） G Before you read each book，ask yourself what time you need to complete this book by.
A.Read only what you are interested in.
B.Read the books borrowed from others.
C.Remember reading shouldn't be a burden（负担）.
D.Of course，it also can help me to get good grades.
E.We need to get the latest news and communicate with friends.
F.Before you start reading，ask yourself why you are reading this book.
G.Having a reading goal helps you work out how much reading you need to do in a week or even a day.
【答案】DFACG
【分析】阅读能开阔我们的视野，提高我们的语言能力，也有助于我们取得好成绩。本文给出一些读书建议，包括：明确你读书的目的；放弃你不喜欢的书；设定阅读目标以及只读你感兴趣的东西。
【解答】（1）D.推理判断题。根据前句"It can broaden our mind and improve our language skills."（它能开阔我们的视野，提高我们的语言能力。）可知说明阅读的好处。所以选项D.Of course，it also can help me to get good grades."当然，这也有助于我们取得好成绩。"符合前后的语境。故选D。
（2）F.细节理解题。根据后句"Most people read for two main reasons，pleasure or knowledge."（大多数人读书有两个主要原因，快乐或知识。）可知，选项F.Before you start reading，ask yourself why you are reading this book."在你开始阅读之前，问问自己为什么要读这本书。"符合前后的语境，reasons是关键词。故选F。
（3）A.推理判断题。根据前句"Whenever you realize that you don't enjoy the book you are reading，give it up."（每当你意识到你不喜欢你正在读的书，就放弃它。）可知，选项A.Read only what you are interested in."只阅读你感兴趣的内容。"的选项A符合前后的语境，后句是对前句的总结。故选A。
（4）C.主旨判断题。根据后句"No matter what you are reading，it is important to enjoy what you read."（不管你在读什么，享受你所读的是很重要的。）可知，选项C.Remember reading shouldn't be a burden（负担）."记住阅读不应该是一种负担。"符合本段的主题。故选C。
（5）G.细节理解题。根据主题句"Set a reading goal."（设立一个阅读目标。）可知，选项G.Having a reading goal helps you work out how much reading you need to do in a week or even a day."有一个阅读目标可以帮助你计算出一周甚至一天需要阅读多少。"符合前后的语境，a reading goal是原词复现。故选G。
【点评】该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是解题的关键。
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．One act of kindness is leading to another.And as kindness（1） is passed/is being passed （pass）to another，new friendships are forming and existing ones are strengthening.
My elderly neighbor called my daughter and me（2） to pick （pick）fruits from her tree as the fruits were high and it was required to step on a huge ladder to get them.After an hour spent（3） chatting （chat）and picking the fruits，she treated us to a glass of fruit juice.（4） In addition，she gave us plenty of fruits to hand out to（5） our （we） friends.
I then gave them to three other senior friends of mine.One of them gave me a hot tomato soup.I tasted it.It was so delicious（6） that I couldn't help asking her about it.She told me that her mom and grandma were both top（7） cooks （cook） and she learned it from them when she was helping them in her youth.
This was（8） totally （total） unexpected and interesting to know.Besides，she invited me again and agreed that we would prepare the dish together，（9） which was the best part of all.I feel very（10） thankful （thank） for these friendships and connections.Kindness and friendship always go hand in hand.
【答案】（1）is passed/is being passed（2）to pick（3）chatting（4）In（5）our（6）that（7）cooks（8）totally（9）which（10）thankful
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者通过分享邻居家的果子增进了朋友之间的友谊。
【解答】（1）is passed/is being passed.考查被动语态。句意：当善良传递给他人时，新的友谊正在形成，现有的友谊也在加强。根据后文"new friendships are forming and existing ones are strengthening"可知，此处时态可用一般现在时或现在进行时，谓语动词pass和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，结构为be done或be being done，因主语kindness为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填is passed/is being passed。
（2）to pick.考查动词不定式。句意：我年迈的邻居叫我和女儿去摘她那棵树上的果子，因为果子很高，需要爬上一架巨大的梯子才能摘到。call sb to do sth"叫某人干某事"是动词固定用法，动词不定式作宾补。故填to pick。
（3）chatting.考查动名词。句意：在闲聊了一个小时并摘了水果后，她请我们喝了一杯果汁。spend some time（in）doing sth是动词固定用法，动名词作介词in的宾语，in可省略。故填chatting。
（4）In.考查介词。句意：此外，她还给了我们很多水果来分给我们的朋友。in addition"另外；此外"是介词短语，固定搭配，句子首字母大写，故填In。
（5）our.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：此外，她还给了我们很多水果来分给我们的朋友。根据空格后的名词friends，可知此处应填形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填our。
（6）that.考查结果状语从句。句意：它是如此美味，我忍不住问她怎么做的。分子句子可知，此处是so…that（如此……以至于……）句型，所以应用that引导结果状语从句。故填that。
（7）cooks.考查名词复数。句意：她告诉我，她的妈妈和奶奶都是顶尖的厨师，她年轻时帮助他们的时候就从他们那里学到了这一点。因主语"her mom and grandma"两个人为复数，所以应用可数名词cook的复数形式，作表语。故填cooks。
（8）totally.考查副词。句意：这完全出乎意料，而且也很有趣。修饰形容词应用副词，所以此处应用total的副词形式修饰过去分词转化的形容词unexpected。故填totally。
（9）which.考查定语从句。句意：此外，再说，她又邀请我，答应我们一起准备菜，这是最好的一部分。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句子，关系代词which引导从句，代指先行词，在从句中作主语。故填which。
（10）thankful.考查形容词。句意：我非常感谢这些友谊和联系。根据系动词feel可知，此处应填thank的形容词作表语。故填thankful。
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词的适当形式填空。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
五．单词拼写（共5小题）
8．（2024秋 兴庆区校级期末）I can certainly feel the effects （结果；影响） of too many late nights．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】我当然能感觉到熬夜太多产生影响．
【解答】答案是effects．本题考查语境中选用恰当的词的适当形式．effect n．影响；根据语境，熬夜有不同的影响，故用复数，故答案是effects．
【点评】翻译填空要根据所提供的汉语意思结合语境和句子结构选择恰当的词、短语或句型；同时注意句子结构和所选词的形式变化．英译汉时要结合短语本身的意思和语境恰当翻译．
9．The number of families seeking shelter rose by 17 percent （百分比）．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】寻找避难所的家庭的数量上升了17%．
【解答】答案：percent．
分析句子的结构可知，本句考查名词的识记与拼写，根据汉语提示可知，使用名词percent，意为百分比．
【点评】考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺．
10．（2024秋 古浪县校级期末）Don't leave the lights on it wastes electricity （电）．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】不要让灯亮着，这浪费电．
【解答】答案：electricity．考查翻译填空．根据句意及句子结构，要填入electricity，waste是及物动词，后接名词作宾语．electricity是不可数名词．
【点评】考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺．
11．（2024秋 思明区校级月考）Two people got trapped （困住） in the lift this morning when the electricity was cut off.
【答案】trapped.
【分析】今天早上停电时，有两个人被困在电梯里。
【解答】答案：trapped.根据题意，"困住"可以翻译成"trap"，其中trap和two people之间属于逻辑上的被动关系。故用trapped过去分词来表示被动。故填trapped。
【点评】考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子，翻译单词，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词的词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更畅通。
12．According to rules of our school，teachers are supposed to make a summary （总结） of their teaching every day.
【答案】summary.
【分析】根据我们学校的规定，教师应该每天总结他们的教学。
【解答】答案：summary.根据题意，"总结"可以翻译成"summary"，其中"make a summary"可以翻译成"总结"，其中a为冠词，后接单数可数名词。故填summary。
【点评】考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子，翻译单词，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词的词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更畅通。
六．书面表达（共2小题）
13．假设你是来自美国的汤姆，你从电视新闻上得知你朋友王林所在的城市发生了地震．请你给王林写一封信，内容包括：
1．询问王林及其家人是否安好；
2．得知该地震的影响：6人死亡，500多人受伤，20人失踪，200多所房子坍塌；
3．愿意尽最大努力提供帮助．
注意：1．词数80左右（信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】高分句型一：When I watched the news on TV，I learned that a terrible earthquake happened in your city．
译文：当我在电视上看新闻时，我得知你们城市发生了一场可怕的地震．
分析：when引导时间状语从句，that引导宾语从句．
高分句型二：As one of your best friends，I will do what I can to help you．
译文：作为你最好的朋友之一，我会尽我所能帮助你．
分析：这句话使用what引导宾语从句．
【解答】Dear Wang Lin，
How are you doing？When I watched the news on TV，I learned that a terrible earthquake happened in your city． 【高分句型一】I was really concerned about you and your family．（询问王林及其家人是否安好）
I'm so sorry to hear about the disaster．It caused six deaths and left more than five hundred persons injured．
What's worse，20 persons were missing and over two hundred houses fell down．I hope that none of your family members was injured．（得知该地震的影响：6人死亡，500多人受伤，20人失踪，200多所房子坍塌）
Please don't be worried．Everything will be fine．If you need any help，please let me know．As one of your best friends，I will do what I can to help you． 【高分句型二】（愿意尽最大努力提供帮助）
Yours sincerely，
Tom
【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来．动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．
14．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Natalie Doan，14，has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway，New York.Living just a few blocks from the beach，Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. "It's the ocean that makes Rockaway so special，" she says.
On October 29，2012，that ocean turned fierce.That night，Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast，and Rockaway was hit especially hard.Fortunately，Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridge closed.
When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighborhood in ruins.Many of Natalie's friends had lost their homes and were living far away.All around her，people were suffering，especially the elderly.Natalie's school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
In the following few days，the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys.Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild.Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless highrise buildings.
"My mom tells me that I can't control what happens to me，" Natalie says，"but I can always choose how I deal with it."
Natalie's choice was to help.
She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick，who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down.Within days，Patrick's collection was replaced.
In the coming months，her website page helped lots of kids：Christopher，who received a new basketball；Charlie，who got a new keyboard.Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much﹣need supplies to Rockaway.Her efforts made her a famous person.Last April，she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.
Today，the scars（疮痍）of destruction are still seen in Rockaway，but hope is in the air.The streets are clear，and many homes have been rebuilt. "I can't imagine living anywhere but Rockaway，" Natalie declares."My neighborhood will be back，even stronger than before."
【答案】Rockaway，where Natalie lived，was almost ruined by Hurricane Sandy.Natalie luckily escaped.After her return，she was motivated by the efforts people made to help Rockaway recover.She therefore established a website connecting survivors with donors.It was a successful try.The neighborhood is hopeful despite the damage brought about by the disaster.
【分析】本文讲述了娜塔莉的居住地几乎被飓风桑迪摧毁，她建立了一个将幸存者与捐赠者联系起来的网站，来帮助受害者。
高分句型一：Rockaway，where Natalie lived，was almost ruined by Hurricane Sandy.
翻译：娜塔莉居住的罗克威几乎被飓风桑迪摧毁。
分析：本句使用了where引导的定语从句。
高分句型二：She therefore established a website connecting survivors with donors.
翻译：因此，她建立了一个网站，将幸存者与捐赠者联系起来。
分析：本句使用了现在分词 connecting survivors with donors做后置定语。
【解答】Rockaway，where Natalie lived，was almost ruined by Hurricane Sandy. 【高分句型一】（要点一）Natalie luckily escaped.After her return，she was motivated by the efforts people made to help Rockaway recover. （要点二） She therefore established a website connecting survivors with donors.【高分句型二】It was a successful try. （要点三）The neighborhood is hopeful despite the damage brought about by the disaster.（要点四）
【点评】写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
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