Unit 3 Environmental Protection(单元测试.含答案与解析）-2025-2026学年人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第三册
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| 名称 | Unit 3 Environmental Protection(单元测试.含答案与解析）-2025-2026学年人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第三册 |  | |
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Unit 3 Environmental Protection
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．Molai grew up in a tiny village in India.The village lay near some wetlands which became his second （1） .He learned the value and beauty of（2） re from a very young age.
When he was 16，Molai began to notice something（3） happening around his home.A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the（4） it caused had driven away a number of birds. （5） ，the number of snakes had declined as well.He（6） that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the（7） .The solution，of course，was to plant trees so the animals could seek（8） during the daytime.He turned to the（9） department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.However，Molai went looking on his own and（10） a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
（11） young plants in the dry season was（12） for a lone boy.Molai built at the（13） of each sapling（幼树）a bamboo platform，where he placed earthen pots with small holes to（14） rainwater.The water would then drip（滴落）on the plants below.
Molai（15） to plant trees for the next 37 years.His efforts have resulted in 1，360 acres of naturally﹣grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
（1） A．dream B．job C．home D．choice
（2） A．nature B．youth C．culture D．knowledge
（3） A．precious B．interesting C．disturbing D．awkward
（4） A．waste B．tension C．pain D．damage
（5） A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise
（6） A．agreed B．realized C．remembered D．predicted
（7） A．noise B．heat C．disease D．dust
（8） A．directions B．partners C．help D．shelter
（9） A．labor B．police C．forest D．finance
（10） A．rebuilt B．discovered C．left D．managed
（11） A．Decorating B．Observing C．Watering D．Guarding
（12） A．tough B．illegal C．fantastic D．beneficial
（13） A．back B．top C．foot D．side
（14） A．cool down B．keep off C．purify D．collect
（15） A．returned B．learned C．failed D．continued
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．Environmental pollution kills 1.7 million children under the age of five every year worldwide.This is according to the World Health Organization（WHO）.The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen.
Dr Margaret Chan，the WHO Director﹣General，said in a press release statement，"A polluted environment is a deadly one﹣particularly for young children，whose developing organs and immune systems，and smaller bodies and airways，make them easily get hurt by dirty air and water."The WHO also says reducing environmental risks can prevent deaths like pneumonia（肺炎） among children aged one month to five years.This means providing access to safe water and sanitation（卫生设备），limiting exposure to dangerous chemicals，and improving waste management.
However，of all the environmental pollutants，air pollution is being called the most dangerous.The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6.5 million early deaths every year.That number includes nearly 600，000 deaths of children under age five.WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira says one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating."Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking，heating，and lighting at home.And，this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home，but the children who are
around mothers—they are exposed as well."She says early exposure to harmful pollutants can lead to increased risk of asthma（哮喘），heart disease，stroke and cancer later in life.
Cleaning up how the world cooks，heats and lights homes and other buildings is a big﹣picture goal.The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as construction and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment，ensuring that children grow up in a clean environment.
（1）Why do children suffer most from environ﹣mental pollution？
A．They are easily exposed to dangerous chemicals.
B．They have no access to safe water and sanitation.
C．Their bodies are not mature enough to fight pollution.
D．The worsening environmental pollution continues to harm them.
（2）What Maria Neira says indicates that .
A．mothers must focus on their children's health
B．cooking and heating are responsible for pollution
C．children should be protected from indirect pollutants
D．half of the people in the world are still using dirty fuels
（3）What's the author's purpose in writing the text？
A．Appeal for bettering the environment for children.
B．Draw people's attention to environmental pollution.
C．Highlight the harm pollution does to young children.
D．Arouse the awareness of young children's health issues.
3．（2024秋 沙坪坝区校级月考）Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet，it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water.Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin，meaning over ＄1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year.Recently，Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.
It is a convenient，clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten.To drink it，you can either peel off the membrane（薄膜）or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth.To eat it，you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth.One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship lots of Ooho bubbles without arriving with a very wet truck.However，they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane.It is targeting large outdoor events such as marathons，music festivals，and sporting events，where tons of plastic bottles are used，and frequently left behind as litter.And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment，which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.
The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho；they have recently applied for a patent for their new advancement.The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet，but they cost about two cents to create a unit，which is cheaper than plastic bottles.It has appeared at events in London，San Francisco，Boston，at conferences，festivals，and so on.
Ooho is catching many people's attention and has raised over ＄1 million and gained 1，000 investors in only three days.It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer's interest when the production machine is running.It is quickly making a rise，so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.
（1）How is most plastic dealt with in America？
A．It's sold.
B．It's recycled.
C．It's buried.
D．It's wasted.
（2）Why did the team invent Ooho？
A．To make a profit for a company.
B．To protect the environment.
C．To make people eat as they drink.
D．To reduce the cost of the plastic bottle.
（3）What can we infer about Ooho from the text？
A．It is easy and safe to ship it in large amounts.
B．It has become popular since it began to be sold.
C．It might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles.
D．It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology.
（4）What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph？
A．Ooho is to be a success in the future.
B．Ooho is being supported by smart people.
C．Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now.
D．Ooho is being produced to attract more investors.
4． This woodland construction is the world's biggest beaver dam，which at 2，790 feet in length and more than twice the length of the Hoover Dam，and can be seen from space.
The mammals use trees，mud and stones to make a type of moat（壕沟）where they can use their swimming skills to evade（躲避）any predators（食肉动物）.The families of beavers live in lodges on the dams and spend their days adding to and repairing the incredible structures.While beaver dams are often found to be around 1，500 feet in length，this one has surprised biologists because of its length.The dam is located on the southern edge of Wood Buffalo National Park in northern Alberta，Canada.It is thought that several beaver families joined forces to create the big dam that contains thousands of trees and must have taken many months to complete.
The dams are an important part of the ecology and wider environment，and climate change can be judged by the spread of the dams.
Sharon Brown，a biologist from Beavers：Wetland and Wildlife，an educational organisation in North America，said："Beavers build dams to create a good habitat.They are very agile（灵活的） in the water，but they're a bit slow moving on land."
"They create a habitat with lots of water，like a moat，around their lodges so they can swim and dive，and keep one step ahead of predators."
"They also use water to move the trees they use in their dams，because it is easier floating branches on the water than dragging them over land."
"Their dams are also beneficial because they slow the flow of water leading to less drought and less flooding.And when plant matter dies in water，it turns into peat（泥炭） and that is one of the best ways for storing carbon dioxide."
（1）What does the passage mainly tell us？
A．The world's longest man﹣made dam.
B．The biggest woodland construction.
C．The world's biggest beaver dam.
D．The dam can be seen from space.
（2）According to biologists，this dam .
A．is a result of team work
B．was built by a family of beavers
C．is located in a national park
D．has surprising height
（3）Why do beavers build dams？
A．To make them more agile.
B．To make a good living environment.
C．To make it easier to find food.
D．To keep away from predators.
（4）From the last paragraph we can infer that .
A．beaver dams can change the climate
B．beavers mainly live on plants
C．beaver dams can cause flood
D．man can benefit from beaver dams
5．Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree.That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin﹣Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer，of Edgar，Wisconsin，grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children.Her dad worked at a job away from the farm，and her mother ran the farm with the kids.After high school，Jennifer attended a local technical college，working to pay her tuition（学费），because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.After graduation，she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own.She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves：nursing.She chose the UW﹣Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four﹣year degree close to home.She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree：Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills，and her 68﹣year﹣old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all，she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors.Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）to achieve her goal，giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study."Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers，" she says.However，her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.Jennifer is a first﹣generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that's pretty powerful.
（1）What did Jennifer do after high school？
A．She helped her dad with his work.
B．She ran the family farm on her own.
C．She supported herself through college.
D．She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
（2）Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield？
A．To take care of her kids easily.
B．To learn from the best nurses.
C．To save money for her parents.
D．To find a well﹣paid job there.
（3）What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal？
A．Her health.
B．Her time with family.
C．Her reputation.
D．Her chance of promotion.
（4）What can we learn from Jennifer's story？
A．Time is money.
B．Love breaks down barriers.
C．Hard work pays off.
D．Education is the key to success.
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2024秋 济南二模）Chicken is a popular food In many countries． （1） ．Britain alone processes more than 945 million white﹣feathered chickens every year，creating tons of leftover feathers．
Two students from Imperial College London，Elena Dieckman and Ryan Robinson，want to turn these feathers into something useful．They are studying how to use them in other ways，like keeping homes warm，for example．
Why are feathers useful？Bird feathers have long been used in clothing and in bedding．Manufacturers often use feathers because of their light weight and the warmth they provide in a cold room or climate．（2） ．They are designed by nature to protect birds from really harsh environments．They are super lightweight，waterproof and bio﹣degradable（可生物降解的）．So it's a really great material．Robinson adds that their goal is to develop ways to use the entire feather，not just parts of it．（3） ．
Elena Dieckman and Ryan Robinson are each working toward a Doctor of Philosophy degree，or PhD．They are the founders of a start﹣up company called Aeropowder．（4） ．They developed a biodegradable product that could replace man﹣made insulation（隔音）．Biodegradable materials are capable of being slowly broken down through natural processes．
（5） ．The ﹩ 23，000 they won in the competition helped them start their company，Aeropowder．
A．If successful，they may help prevent the waste of this useful natural material．
B．Feather is very light，so that we say"as light as a feather"．
C．And the number of chicken killed for their meat is rising．
D．Dieckman and Robinson won several awards for their insulation．
E．Humans keep chickens as a source of food，consuming both their meat and eggs．
F．According to Elena Dieckman，feathers are a real wonder material．
G．They had an idea to create useful materials from waste．
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．Scientists often compare coral reefs to underwater rainforests，yet unlike the leafy plant base of a forest，corals are animals.The soft organs inside the hard parts of corals are naturally transparent and get （1） （they） famously brilliant color from algae（藻类）living inside them.
When corals experience stress from hot temperatures or（2） （pollute），they end their interdependent relationship with this algae，typically forcing them out（3） turning white，though one recent study indicates some corals turn a bright neon color when stressed.Corals are still alive when they bleach（白化），but they're （4） risk﹣essentially immunocompromised（免疫功能低下）﹣and many （5） （eventual） starve and die，turning a dark brown.
People first noticed coral bleaching events in the 1980s.The problem worsened in 2016，when an El Nino weather pattern，（6） causes warmer waters in the Pacific Ocean， （7） （mix） with an already unseasonably warm ocean and killed off a third of the corals on the Great Barrier Reef.Since then，roughly half the corals on Australia's famous reefs （8） （die） in following bleaching events，risking an underwater landscape 1，500 miles long.
Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and maybe even revive corals.One option is （9） （create） more marine protected areas﹣essentially national parks in the ocean.Scientists say creating marine shelter，where fishing，mining，and recreating are off limits，makes the reefs （10） （healthy），and so much stronger.
五．单词拼写（共5小题）
8．（2024秋 禅城区校级期中） （众所周知），light travels faster than sound． （all）
9．The union has proposed new （规章制度） to control the hours worked by its employees.
10．As we can see，the whole river b （流域） is covered with tropical forest.
11．The strong and （ 详尽的证据） proved that some rare animals were killed in the nature reserve.
12． （毫无疑问） he can win first prize.（doubt）
六．书面表达（共2小题）
13．（2024秋 成都模拟）假定你是李华．你将代表学校参加国际高中生环境保护论坛．请你根据以下要点写一篇发言稿．
1．环境保护的紧迫性；
2．如何开展环境保护；
3．呼吁大家积极参与．
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
参考词汇：论坛forum n．
14．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
I'm originally from Orange County，California，where I had the pleasure and honor of serving as a Newport Beach ocean lifeguard for five seasons.Whenever I could，I got shifts working the Point.If you wanted to save lives，that's where you worked.The Point was known for its massive rip currents（激流）.
So，late in a shift，I was working Tower 15.Two blocks to my right was another guard named Mike，working Tower 17.I'd known Mike for a number of years.Mike had a rough upbringing.You can tell just by looking at him.He has a number of really frightening tattoos（文身），and his bald head shows the scar he got from a broken beer bottle.Maybe he wasn't the friendliest guard on the beach.I admit，I didn't really get along with Mike.But everything he lacked in friendly appearance and social skills，he more than made up for in lifesaving ability.
He called me over the phone and said，"Hey，I got a couple of kids.I gotta to give them a warning.Keep an eye on us."
I said，"Sure，" and hung up.
Anytime you get out of your tower，you're supposed to let somebody else know，in case a situation develops.And sure enough，as soon as he hung up the phone，a rip was snapped up under these two kids，and they're getting sucked out.Mike saw it before it's happening，and he's running full speed toward the ocean.I scanned the water.All I saw was two small noses bobbing （上下浮动）in the water.
I dropped my binocle（望远镜）and I called in and said，"Double rescue 17﹣he's out.I'm going." Mike was already punching through the surf line.By now，the mother of the two kids realized what's happening.She's on her feet and screaming.
Paragraph 1：
Mike reached the kids﹣a brother and a sister around eight or nine years old._______
Paragraph 2：
Then the mother glanced back and got her first good look at Mike，as well as his tattoos._________
Unit 3 Environmental Protection
参考答案与试题解析
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．Molai grew up in a tiny village in India.The village lay near some wetlands which became his second （1） C .He learned the value and beauty of（2） A re from a very young age.
When he was 16，Molai began to notice something（3） C happening around his home.A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the（4） D it caused had driven away a number of birds. （5） A ，the number of snakes had declined as well.He（6） B that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the（7） B .The solution，of course，was to plant trees so the animals could seek（8） D during the daytime.He turned to the（9） C department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.However，Molai went looking on his own and（10） B a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
（11） C young plants in the dry season was（12） A for a lone boy.Molai built at the（13） B of each sapling（幼树）a bamboo platform，where he placed earthen pots with small holes to（14） D rainwater.The water would then drip（滴落）on the plants below.
Molai（15） D to plant trees for the next 37 years.His efforts have resulted in 1，360 acres of naturally﹣grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
（1） A．dream B．job C．home D．choice
（2） A．nature B．youth C．culture D．knowledge
（3） A．precious B．interesting C．disturbing D．awkward
（4） A．waste B．tension C．pain D．damage
（5） A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise
（6） A．agreed B．realized C．remembered D．predicted
（7） A．noise B．heat C．disease D．dust
（8） A．directions B．partners C．help D．shelter
（9） A．labor B．police C．forest D．finance
（10） A．rebuilt B．discovered C．left D．managed
（11） A．Decorating B．Observing C．Watering D．Guarding
（12） A．tough B．illegal C．fantastic D．beneficial
（13） A．back B．top C．foot D．side
（14） A．cool down B．keep off C．purify D．collect
（15） A．returned B．learned C．failed D．continued
【答案】（1）—（5）CACDA （6）—（10）BBDCB （11）—（15）CABDD
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。Molai决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。
【解答】（1）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.dream梦想；B.job工作；C.home家；D.choice选择。句意：这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。根据空前的second（第二个）可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些"湿地"成为了他的第二个"家"。故选C。
（2）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.nature自然；B.youth青春，年轻；C.culture文化；D.knowledge知识。句意：他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。湿地展现了"大自然"的价值和美。故选A。
（3）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.precious宝贵的；B.interesting有趣的；C.disturbing令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D.awkward尴尬的，笨拙的。句意：16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。该段后半部分提到：洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人不安。故选C。
（4）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.waste废物；B.tension紧张；C.pain疼痛，痛苦；D.damage损害，伤害。句意：那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。洪水侵袭这个地区，它会"损害"庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。
（5）A.考查副词及语境理解。A.Besides此外，另外；B.However但是；C.Therefore因此；D.Otherwise否则。句意：此外，蛇的数量也减少了。根据as well（也）可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。
（6）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.agreed同意；B.realized意识到；C.remembered记住，记起；D.predicted预测。句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。Molai"意识到"鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。
（7）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.noise噪音；B.heat热；C.disease疾病；D.dust尘土。句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B。
（8）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.directions方向；B.partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C.help帮助；D.shelter遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。句意：当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。树木可以给动物们提供"遮蔽"。故选D。
（9）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.labor劳动；B.police警察；C.forest森林；D.finance财政，金融。句意：他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。根据前一句中的"The solution，of course，was to plant trees"（当然，解决的办法是种树）可知，Molai想要种树，所以他应该向"森林"部门求助。故选C。
（10）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.rebuilt重建；B.discovered发现；C.left离开；D.managed设法做成。句意：然而，Molai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。根据前面的"looking on his own"（自己看）可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他"发现"了一个小岛。故选B。
（11）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.Decorating装饰；B.Observing观察到；C.Watering浇水；D.Guarding守卫。句意：对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。该段后半部分叙述的是Molai想尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的"the dry season"（旱季）可知，在旱季给幼苗"浇水"很难。故选C。
（12）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.tough困难的；B.illegal非法的；C.fantastic极好的；D.beneficial有益的。句意：对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知，Molai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很"难"。故选A。
（13）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.back背部；B.top顶端；C.foot脚；D.side一边，一侧。句意：Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。根据该段最后一句"The water would then drip on the plants below"（然后水就会滴在下面的植物上）可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的"顶端"。故选B。
（14）D.考查动词（短语）及语境理解。A.cool down冷却下来；B.keep off与……保持距离；C.purify净化，使纯净；D.collect收集。句意：Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上"收集"雨水。故选D。
（15）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.returned返回；B.learned学会；C.failed失败；D.continued继续。句意：在接下来的37年里，Molai继续种树。根据后一句His efforts have resulted in 1，360 acres of naturally﹣grown land that has become home to many plants and animals可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他"继续"种树。故选D。
【点评】做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．Environmental pollution kills 1.7 million children under the age of five every year worldwide.This is according to the World Health Organization（WHO）.The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen.
Dr Margaret Chan，the WHO Director﹣General，said in a press release statement，"A polluted environment is a deadly one﹣particularly for young children，whose developing organs and immune systems，and smaller bodies and airways，make them easily get hurt by dirty air and water."The WHO also says reducing environmental risks can prevent deaths like pneumonia（肺炎） among children aged one month to five years.This means providing access to safe water and sanitation（卫生设备），limiting exposure to dangerous chemicals，and improving waste management.
However，of all the environmental pollutants，air pollution is being called the most dangerous.The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6.5 million early deaths every year.That number includes nearly 600，000 deaths of children under age five.WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira says one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating."Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking，heating，and lighting at home.And，this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home，but the children who are
around mothers—they are exposed as well."She says early exposure to harmful pollutants can lead to increased risk of asthma（哮喘），heart disease，stroke and cancer later in life.
Cleaning up how the world cooks，heats and lights homes and other buildings is a big﹣picture goal.The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as construction and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment，ensuring that children grow up in a clean environment.
（1）Why do children suffer most from environ﹣mental pollution？ C
A．They are easily exposed to dangerous chemicals.
B．They have no access to safe water and sanitation.
C．Their bodies are not mature enough to fight pollution.
D．The worsening environmental pollution continues to harm them.
（2）What Maria Neira says indicates that C .
A．mothers must focus on their children's health
B．cooking and heating are responsible for pollution
C．children should be protected from indirect pollutants
D．half of the people in the world are still using dirty fuels
（3）What's the author's purpose in writing the text？ A
A．Appeal for bettering the environment for children.
B．Draw people's attention to environmental pollution.
C．Highlight the harm pollution does to young children.
D．Arouse the awareness of young children's health issues.
【答案】CCA
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出环境污染是近年来幼童死亡率上升的主要原因。
【解答】（1）C.细节理解题。根据第二段A polluted environment is a deadly one﹣particularly for young children，whose developing organs and immune systems，and smaller bodies and airways，make them easily get hurt by dirty air and water."（污染的环境是致命的，尤其是对幼儿而言，他们发育中的器官和免疫系统，以及较小的身体和气道，使他们很容易受到污染空气和水的伤害。"）可知，儿童受环境污染的影响最大，因为他们的身体还不够成熟，无法抵御污染。故选C。
（2）C.推理判断题。根据第三段WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira says one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating."Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking，heating，and lighting at home.And，this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home，but the children who are around mothers—they are exposed as well."She says early exposure to harmful pollutants can lead to increased risk of asthma（哮喘），heart disease，stroke and cancer later in life.（世界卫生组织环境与健康负责人玛丽亚 奈拉说，减少空气污染的最重要途径之一是为烹饪和取暖生产更清洁的燃料。"几乎一半的世界人口在家里使用肮脏的燃料做饭、取暖和照明。这对留在家里做饭的母亲有很大影响，但与母亲在一起的孩子也会受到影响。"她说，早期接触有害污染物会增加日后患哮喘、心脏病、中风和癌症的风险。）可知，玛丽亚 奈拉说的话表明应该保护儿童免受间接污染。故选C。
（3）A.写作意图题。根据最后一段The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as construction and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment，ensuring that children grow up in a clean environment.（世界卫生组织建议政府部门和行业，如建筑业和卫生部门，共同努力清理环境，确保儿童在清洁的环境中成长。）可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁改善儿童的环境。故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
3．（2024秋 沙坪坝区校级月考）Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet，it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water.Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin，meaning over ＄1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year.Recently，Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.
It is a convenient，clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten.To drink it，you can either peel off the membrane（薄膜）or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth.To eat it，you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth.One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship lots of Ooho bubbles without arriving with a very wet truck.However，they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane.It is targeting large outdoor events such as marathons，music festivals，and sporting events，where tons of plastic bottles are used，and frequently left behind as litter.And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment，which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.
The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho；they have recently applied for a patent for their new advancement.The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet，but they cost about two cents to create a unit，which is cheaper than plastic bottles.It has appeared at events in London，San Francisco，Boston，at conferences，festivals，and so on.
Ooho is catching many people's attention and has raised over ＄1 million and gained 1，000 investors in only three days.It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer's interest when the production machine is running.It is quickly making a rise，so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.
（1）How is most plastic dealt with in America？ C
A．It's sold.
B．It's recycled.
C．It's buried.
D．It's wasted.
（2）Why did the team invent Ooho？ A
A．To make a profit for a company.
B．To protect the environment.
C．To make people eat as they drink.
D．To reduce the cost of the plastic bottle.
（3）What can we infer about Ooho from the text？ D
A．It is easy and safe to ship it in large amounts.
B．It has become popular since it began to be sold.
C．It might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles.
D．It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology.
（4）What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph？ B
A．Ooho is to be a success in the future.
B．Ooho is being supported by smart people.
C．Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now.
D．Ooho is being produced to attract more investors.
【答案】C A D B
【分析】本文章主要讲述了只使用塑料水瓶不仅让你花钱了，但它也会造成污染，浪费能源，并且浪费水。美国仅有23%的塑料进行了回收，这意味着每年价值超过10亿美元的塑料被视为垃圾。最近，Skipping Rocks Lab发明了一种名为Ooho的水瓶。它是一种方便，清澈的水瓶，所以你不必担心任何味道。
【解答】（1）C.细节理解题。根据第一段的Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin，meaning over ＄1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year.在美国，只有23%的塑料资源被回收利用，大部分的塑料都被当作垃圾扔掉了，可知它被埋了。故选C。
（2）A．细节理解题。根据第一段的it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water.和第二段And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment，which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.Skipping Rocks Lab发明新型环保的储水容器Ooho，它是一个能携带液体资源的球面薄膜，它的制作成本很低，强韧且环保、可生物降解而且可食用。因此可知其目的是保护环境，故选A。
（3）D．推理判断题。根据第三段的The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet，but they cost about two cents to create a unit，which is cheaper than plastic bottles制造储水容器Ooho的成本比塑料矿泉水瓶低得多。因此可以推断出其市场售价可能会比塑料瓶低，故选D。
（4）B．推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是It is quickly making a rise，so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.它的销售量正在迅速上升，所以今年要注意这些未来的瓶子。可知，许多投资商看好储水容器Ooho的市场前景，作者也相信它一定会成功的，故选B。
【点评】阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
4． This woodland construction is the world's biggest beaver dam，which at 2，790 feet in length and more than twice the length of the Hoover Dam，and can be seen from space.
The mammals use trees，mud and stones to make a type of moat（壕沟）where they can use their swimming skills to evade（躲避）any predators（食肉动物）.The families of beavers live in lodges on the dams and spend their days adding to and repairing the incredible structures.While beaver dams are often found to be around 1，500 feet in length，this one has surprised biologists because of its length.The dam is located on the southern edge of Wood Buffalo National Park in northern Alberta，Canada.It is thought that several beaver families joined forces to create the big dam that contains thousands of trees and must have taken many months to complete.
The dams are an important part of the ecology and wider environment，and climate change can be judged by the spread of the dams.
Sharon Brown，a biologist from Beavers：Wetland and Wildlife，an educational organisation in North America，said："Beavers build dams to create a good habitat.They are very agile（灵活的） in the water，but they're a bit slow moving on land."
"They create a habitat with lots of water，like a moat，around their lodges so they can swim and dive，and keep one step ahead of predators."
"They also use water to move the trees they use in their dams，because it is easier floating branches on the water than dragging them over land."
"Their dams are also beneficial because they slow the flow of water leading to less drought and less flooding.And when plant matter dies in water，it turns into peat（泥炭） and that is one of the best ways for storing carbon dioxide."
（1）What does the passage mainly tell us？ C
A．The world's longest man﹣made dam.
B．The biggest woodland construction.
C．The world's biggest beaver dam.
D．The dam can be seen from space.
（2）According to biologists，this dam A .
A．is a result of team work
B．was built by a family of beavers
C．is located in a national park
D．has surprising height
（3）Why do beavers build dams？ B
A．To make them more agile.
B．To make a good living environment.
C．To make it easier to find food.
D．To keep away from predators.
（4）From the last paragraph we can infer that D .
A．beaver dams can change the climate
B．beavers mainly live on plants
C．beaver dams can cause flood
D．man can benefit from beaver dams
【答案】CABD
【分析】本文是一篇人文地理类阅读理解。主要介绍了世界上最长的海狸水坝位于伍德布法罗国家森林公园，长2，790英尺，是胡夫水坝的两倍多，可以从太空看到。海狸水坝可以延缓水的流动，减少干旱和洪灾的发生。
【解答】（1）C.主旨大意题。根据文章的第一句"This woodland construction is the world's biggest beaver dam"（这片林地是世界上最大的海狸水坝）以及全文的内容可知，文章主要讲述世界上最大的海狸水坝，由此可知，选项C概括了文章的主要内容。故选C。
（2）A.细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句"It is thought that several beaver families joined forces to create the big dam that contains thousands of trees and must have taken many months to complete." （据认为，几个河狸家族合力建造了这座包含数千棵树的大坝，肯定花了好几个月才完成。）可知，是几个海狸家庭合作建成了这个大坝，故选A。
（3）B.细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Beavers build dams to create a good habitat"可知，海狸建大坝是为了创造一个好的居住环境，故选B。
（4）D.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的第一句"Their dams are also beneficial because they slow the flow of water leading to less drought and less flooding."（他们的水坝也是有益的，因为它们减缓了水流，减少了干旱和洪水。）可知，海狸水坝可以延缓水的流动，减少干旱和洪灾的发生。由此推测，海狸水坝对人类有益。故选D。
【点评】考查人文地理阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
5．Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree.That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin﹣Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer，of Edgar，Wisconsin，grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children.Her dad worked at a job away from the farm，and her mother ran the farm with the kids.After high school，Jennifer attended a local technical college，working to pay her tuition（学费），because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.After graduation，she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own.She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves：nursing.She chose the UW﹣Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four﹣year degree close to home.She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree：Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills，and her 68﹣year﹣old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all，she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors.Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）to achieve her goal，giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study."Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers，" she says.However，her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.Jennifer is a first﹣generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that's pretty powerful.
（1）What did Jennifer do after high school？ C
A．She helped her dad with his work.
B．She ran the family farm on her own.
C．She supported herself through college.
D．She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
（2）Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield？ A
A．To take care of her kids easily.
B．To learn from the best nurses.
C．To save money for her parents.
D．To find a well﹣paid job there.
（3）What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal？ B
A．Her health.
B．Her time with family.
C．Her reputation.
D．Her chance of promotion.
（4）What can we learn from Jennifer's story？ C
A．Time is money.
B．Love breaks down barriers.
C．Hard work pays off.
D．Education is the key to success.
【答案】CABC
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。从小在农场长大的詹妮弗高中毕业后一边工作一边读技术学院，还供家中的弟弟妹妹上学，成家后又重返校园攻读学位。凭借自己的毅力和努力，她最终实现了自己的目标。
【解答】（1）C．细节理解题。根据第二段After high school，Jennifer attended a local technical college，working to pay her tuition （学费），詹妮弗去了当地的一所技术学院，工作以支付她的学费。可知她自食其力读完技术学院。故选C。
（2）A．细节理解题。根据第三段 She chose the UW﹣Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four﹣year degree close to home.She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.她选择了威斯康星州马士菲尔德圣约瑟夫医院的UW﹣Eau﹣Claire项目，因为她可以在离家较近的地方，她可以开车去上课，晚上回家帮助孩子。可知詹妮弗要在马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院做这个项目，能够更方便照顾孩子。故选A。
（3）B．细节理解题。根据最后一段Through it all，she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors.Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）to achieve her goal，giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.在这一切中，她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业。詹妮弗为了实现自己的目标而牺牲，放弃了和孩子们在一起的许多夜晚，也错过了孩子重要的学习活动。可知詹妮弗为了达到她的目标牺牲了她和家人在一起的时间。故选B。
（4）C．推理判断题。本文讲述詹妮弗 莫尔因为出生贫穷，自食其力读完技术学院，后来结婚后，又边照顾孩子，边攻读四年制学位，并以优异成绩毕业。告诉我们讴歌道理：努力工作有回报。故选C。
【点评】做这类阅读理解，要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2024秋 济南二模）Chicken is a popular food In many countries． （1） C ．Britain alone processes more than 945 million white﹣feathered chickens every year，creating tons of leftover feathers．
Two students from Imperial College London，Elena Dieckman and Ryan Robinson，want to turn these feathers into something useful．They are studying how to use them in other ways，like keeping homes warm，for example．
Why are feathers useful？Bird feathers have long been used in clothing and in bedding．Manufacturers often use feathers because of their light weight and the warmth they provide in a cold room or climate．（2） F ．They are designed by nature to protect birds from really harsh environments．They are super lightweight，waterproof and bio﹣degradable（可生物降解的）．So it's a really great material．Robinson adds that their goal is to develop ways to use the entire feather，not just parts of it．（3） A ．
Elena Dieckman and Ryan Robinson are each working toward a Doctor of Philosophy degree，or PhD．They are the founders of a start﹣up company called Aeropowder．（4） G ．They developed a biodegradable product that could replace man﹣made insulation（隔音）．Biodegradable materials are capable of being slowly broken down through natural processes．
（5） D ．The ﹩ 23，000 they won in the competition helped them start their company，Aeropowder．
A．If successful，they may help prevent the waste of this useful natural material．
B．Feather is very light，so that we say"as light as a feather"．
C．And the number of chicken killed for their meat is rising．
D．Dieckman and Robinson won several awards for their insulation．
E．Humans keep chickens as a source of food，consuming both their meat and eggs．
F．According to Elena Dieckman，feathers are a real wonder material．
G．They had an idea to create useful materials from waste．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇科技类的文章．在文章中讲到鸡肉在很多国家都很受欢迎，而且需求量也越来越大．为此每年宰杀鸡之后，都会剩下很多的羽毛．这是一种浪费．为此伦敦帝国学院的两个学生想把这些羽毛变成有用的东西，以保护自然界中的鸟类．在他们取得了哲学学位后建立了一家公司去发展一种可生物降解的产品．
【解答】CFAGD
（1）C．考查上下文推理能力．根据前文Chicken is a popular food In many countries鸡肉在许多国家都很受欢迎，这与C．And the number of chicken killed for their meat is rising用来食用的鸡的数量也在增加，意思相符，故答案为C．
（2）F．考查上下文推理能力．根据前文Manufacturers often use feathers because of their light weight and the warmth they provide in a cold room or climate制造商经常使用羽毛，因为它们的重量轻，它们在寒冷的房间或气候中保持温暖，这与F．According to Elena Dieckman，feathers are a real wonder material根据Elena Dieckman所说，羽毛是真正神奇的材料，意思相符，故答案为F．
（3）A．考查上下文推理能力．根据前文Robinson adds that their goal is to develop ways to use the entire feather，not just parts of it鲁滨孙补充说，他们的目标是开发使用整个羽毛的方法，而不仅仅是它的一部分，这与A．If successful，they may help prevent the waste of this useful natural material如果成功，它们可能有助于防止这种有用的天然材料的浪费，意思相符，故答案为A．
（4）G．考查上下文推理能力．根据下文They developed a biodegradable product that could replace man﹣made insulation他们开发了一种可以替代人造绝缘材料的生物可降解产品，这与G．They had an idea to create useful materials from waste他们有一种想法，从废物中创造有用的材料，意思相符，故答案为G．
（5）D．考查上下文推理能力．根据下文The ﹩ 23，000 they won in the competition helped them start their company，Aeropowder他们在比赛中赢了23000英镑，帮助他们创办了公司﹣Aeropowder，这与D．Dieckman and Robinson won several awards for their insulationDieckman和鲁滨孙因发明而获奖，意思相符，故答案为D．
【点评】七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子．解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子．
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．Scientists often compare coral reefs to underwater rainforests，yet unlike the leafy plant base of a forest，corals are animals.The soft organs inside the hard parts of corals are naturally transparent and get （1） their （they） famously brilliant color from algae（藻类）living inside them.
When corals experience stress from hot temperatures or（2） pollution （pollute），they end their interdependent relationship with this algae，typically forcing them out（3） and turning white，though one recent study indicates some corals turn a bright neon color when stressed.Corals are still alive when they bleach（白化），but they're （4） at risk﹣essentially immunocompromised（免疫功能低下）﹣and many （5） eventually （eventual） starve and die，turning a dark brown.
People first noticed coral bleaching events in the 1980s.The problem worsened in 2016，when an El Nino weather pattern，（6） which causes warmer waters in the Pacific Ocean， （7） mixed （mix） with an already unseasonably warm ocean and killed off a third of the corals on the Great Barrier Reef.Since then，roughly half the corals on Australia's famous reefs （8） have died （die） in following bleaching events，risking an underwater landscape 1，500 miles long.
Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and maybe even revive corals.One option is （9） to create （create） more marine protected areas﹣essentially national parks in the ocean.Scientists say creating marine shelter，where fishing，mining，and recreating are off limits，makes the reefs （10） healthier （healthy），and so much stronger.
【答案】（1）their（2）pollution（3）and（4）at（5）eventually（6）which（7）mixed（8）have died（9）to create（10）healthier
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述了保护珊瑚的重要性。
【解答】（1）their.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：珊瑚坚硬部分内的软器官是天然透明的，它们以鲜艳的颜色闻名于世，这是因为珊瑚体内的藻类。分析句子可知，此处用形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词color，故填their。
（2）pollution.考查不可数名词。句意：当珊瑚受到高温或污染的压力时，它们会结束与这种藻类的相互依赖关系，通常会迫使它们离开并变白，尽管最近的一项研究表明，一些珊瑚在受到压力时会变成明亮的霓虹色。分析句子可知，此处用不可数名词与temperatures并列作介词from的宾语，故填pollution。
（3）and.考查连词。句意：当珊瑚受到高温或污染的压力时，它们会结束与这种藻类的相互依赖关系，通常会迫使它们离开并变白，尽管最近的一项研究表明，一些珊瑚在受到压力时会变成明亮的霓虹色。结合句意可知，此处前后为递进关系，故填and。
（4）at.考查介词。句意：珊瑚漂白后仍然活着，但它们面临着免疫功能低下的风险﹣﹣许多珊瑚最终会饿死，变成深棕色。at risk表示"有风险"符合句意，故填at。
（5）eventually.考查副词。句意：珊瑚漂白后仍然活着，但它们面临着免疫功能低下的风险﹣﹣许多珊瑚最终会饿死，变成深棕色。分析句子可知，此处用副词作状语修饰动词starve，故填eventually。
（6）which.考查定语从句。句意：2016年，厄尔尼诺天气模式导致太平洋水域变暖，再加上本已异常温暖的海洋，导致大堡礁三分之一的珊瑚死亡，这一问题进一步恶化。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为an El Nino weather pattern，在从句中作主语，故填which。
（7）mixed.考查动词时态。句意：2016年，厄尔尼诺天气模式导致太平洋水域变暖，再加上本已异常温暖的海洋，导致大堡礁三分之一的珊瑚死亡，这一问题进一步恶化。结合句意和in 2016，killed可知，此处用一般过去时，故填mixed。
（8）have died.考查动词时态。句意：从那时起，澳大利亚著名珊瑚礁上大约一半的珊瑚在漂白事件后死亡，危及1500英里长的水下景观。时间状语为since then，句子用现在完成时，故填have died。
（9）to create.考查动词不定式。句意：一个选择是建立更多的海洋保护区，主要是海洋中的国家公园。分析句子可知，此处用动词不定式作is的表语，表示"将要发生的事情"，故填to create。
（10）healthier.考查比较级。句意：科学家们说，建造海洋避难所，禁止捕鱼、采矿和再创造，可以使珊瑚礁更健康、更坚固。结合句意可知，此处用比较级表示"更健康"，故填healthier。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
五．单词拼写（共5小题）
8．（2024秋 禅城区校级期中） As is known to all/ As we all know （众所周知），light travels faster than sound． （all）
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】众所周知，光速比声速快．
【解答】答案：As is known to all/ As we all know．As is known to all/ As we all know是定语从句，关系代词as的先行词是后面整个句子light travels faster than sound．故填 As is known to all/ As we all know．
【点评】考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺．
9．The union has proposed new regulations （规章制度） to control the hours worked by its employees.
【答案】regulations
【分析】工会提出了控制雇员工作时间的新规定。
【解答】根据括号内词义，"规章制度"可译为regulation，是可数名词，根据语境要用复数形式。
故填：regulations。
【点评】考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
10．As we can see，the whole river b asin （流域） is covered with tropical forest.
【答案】basin
【分析】正如我们所看到的，整个流域覆盖着热带森林。
【解答】结合句意和is可知，此处用名词的单数形式basin表示"流域"作主语。
故填：basin。
【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
11．The strong and comprehensive evidence （ 详尽的证据） proved that some rare animals were killed in the nature reserve.
【答案】comprehensive evidence
【分析】有力而全面的证据证明，一些稀有动物在自然保护区被杀害。
【解答】根据括号内词义，" 详尽的证据"可译为comprehensive evidence，evidence是不可数名词。
故填：comprehensive evidence。
【点评】考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
12． There is no doubt that （毫无疑问） he can win first prize.（doubt）
【答案】There is no doubt that
【分析】毫无疑问的是他能赢得一等奖。
【解答】根据括号内词义，"毫无疑问"可译为there is no doubt that。分析句子，根据从句谓语can win可知，应用一般现在时。
故填：There is no doubt that。
【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
六．书面表达（共2小题）
13．（2024秋 成都模拟）假定你是李华．你将代表学校参加国际高中生环境保护论坛．请你根据以下要点写一篇发言稿．
1．环境保护的紧迫性；
2．如何开展环境保护；
3．呼吁大家积极参与．
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
参考词汇：论坛forum n．
Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world． With the development of industry and agriculture， cars make great noises and give off poisonous gas． Trees on the hills have been cut down，and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers． Furthermore，wherever we go today， we can find rubbish carelessly disposed． The whole ecological balance of the earth is changing． Massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even poses a great threat to man's existence．
We must face the situation that exists and take actions to solve our environmental problems． For instance， new laws must be passed to place strict control over industrial pollution， the public must receive the education about the hazard of pollution and so on． We hope that all these measures will be effective and bring back a healthful environment．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文属于提纲作文，动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．
高分句型一： Furthermore，wherever we go today， we can find rubbish carelessly disposed．此外，无论我们走到哪里，我们都能随意发现垃圾．本句中wherever引导让步状语从句等于no matter where．
高分句型二：We must face the situation that exists and take actions to solve our environmental problems．我们必须正视形势，采取行动解决环境问题．句中and并列谓语face and take；that exists是定语从句，修饰名词situation．
【解答】Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world． With the development of industry and agriculture， cars make great noises and give off poisonous gas． Trees on the hills have been cut down，and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers． Furthermore，wherever we go today， we can find rubbish carelessly disposed．（高分句型一） The whole ecological balance of the earth is changing． Massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even poses a great threat to man's existence．【环境保护的紧迫性】
We must face the situation that exists and take actions to solve our environmental problems．（高分句型二） For instance， new laws must be passed to place strict control over industrial pollution， the public must receive the education about the hazard of pollution and so on．【如何保护环境】 We hope that all these measures will be effective and bring back a healthful environment．【呼吁参加】
【点评】英语写作是一项主观性较强的测试题．它不仅考查学生的写作基础而且还考查学生在写作过程中综合运用语言的能力．在撰写时要注意主谓语一致，时态呼应，用词贴切等．要提高英语写作水平，需要两方面的训练：一是语言基础方面的训练，要有扎实的造句、翻译等基本功，即用词法、句法等知识造出正确无误的句子；二是写作知识和能力 方面的训练以掌握写作方面的基本方法和技巧．
14．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
I'm originally from Orange County，California，where I had the pleasure and honor of serving as a Newport Beach ocean lifeguard for five seasons.Whenever I could，I got shifts working the Point.If you wanted to save lives，that's where you worked.The Point was known for its massive rip currents（激流）.
So，late in a shift，I was working Tower 15.Two blocks to my right was another guard named Mike，working Tower 17.I'd known Mike for a number of years.Mike had a rough upbringing.You can tell just by looking at him.He has a number of really frightening tattoos（文身），and his bald head shows the scar he got from a broken beer bottle.Maybe he wasn't the friendliest guard on the beach.I admit，I didn't really get along with Mike.But everything he lacked in friendly appearance and social skills，he more than made up for in lifesaving ability.
He called me over the phone and said，"Hey，I got a couple of kids.I gotta to give them a warning.Keep an eye on us."
I said，"Sure，" and hung up.
Anytime you get out of your tower，you're supposed to let somebody else know，in case a situation develops.And sure enough，as soon as he hung up the phone，a rip was snapped up under these two kids，and they're getting sucked out.Mike saw it before it's happening，and he's running full speed toward the ocean.I scanned the water.All I saw was two small noses bobbing （上下浮动）in the water.
I dropped my binocle（望远镜）and I called in and said，"Double rescue 17﹣he's out.I'm going." Mike was already punching through the surf line.By now，the mother of the two kids realized what's happening.She's on her feet and screaming.
Paragraph 1：
Mike reached the kids﹣a brother and a sister around eight or nine years old._______
Paragraph 2：
Then the mother glanced back and got her first good look at Mike，as well as his tattoos._________
【答案】Paragraph 1：
Mike reached the kids ﹣a brother and a sister around eight or nine years old.He got to the boy first，and when he turned to the girl，he had to reach down into the water and catch her by the hair to pull her back up.Mike swam sideways out of the rip current into the clear water and started bring them in.When I reached their mother，Mike was in waist﹣deep water.These kids were so exhausted that they couldn't walk，and so Mike's carrying them.He's got one under each arm.I turned to their mom and said，"Hey，it's gonna be OK.They're safe."I saw the terror start to drain out of her.
Paragraph 2：
Then the mother glanced back and got her first good look at Mike，as well as his tattoos.And a crazy thing happened.I saw a new kind of panic wash over her as though there's some new，equally dangerous threat on her kids' lives because of the tattoos on Mike's arms.She rushed up to Mike and snatched her kids and left.Not even a thank﹣you.Mike just glanced at me，shrugged，and jogged back to his tower.As I jogged back to my tower，I promised myself I'd never let my own fear or prejudice prevent me from recognizing a hero only because I don't see friendly appearance in him.
【分析】本文为记叙文，作者在海滩担任救生员的时候，他在15号塔工作，另一个救生员Mike在17号塔工作。Mike的外表看起来不友好，身上有令人恐惧的文身。Mike在塔上看到几个孩子在海里有危险，迅速奔向大海去救他们。海滩上，两个孩子的母亲意识到了发生了什么。她站起来尖叫。
高分句型一：I saw a new kind of panic wash over her as though there's some new，equally dangerous threat on her kids' lives because of the tattoos on Mike's arms.
译文：我看到一种新的恐慌席卷着她，好像因为迈克手臂上的文身，对她的孩子们的生命造成了某种新的、同样危险的威胁。
分析：这句话使用as if引导方式状语从句。
高分句型二：As I jogged back to my tower，I promised myself I'd never let my own fear or prejudice prevent me from recognizing a hero only because I don't see friendly appearance in him.
译文：当我慢跑回到我的塔楼时，我向自己保证，我不会让自己的恐惧或偏见阻止我认出一个英雄，仅仅因为我看不到他友善的外表。
分析：这句话使用as引导时间状语从句，because引导原因状语从句。
【解答】Paragraph 1：
Mike reached the kids ﹣a brother and a sister around eight or nine years old.He got to the boy first，and when he turned to the girl，he had to reach down into the water and catch her by the hair to pull her back up.Mike swam sideways out of the rip current into the clear water and started bring them in.When I reached their mother，Mike was in waist﹣deep water.These kids were so exhausted that they couldn't walk，and so Mike's carrying them.He's got one under each arm.I turned to their mom and said，"Hey，it's gonna be OK.They're safe."I saw the terror start to drain out of her.（Mike是如何救两个孩子。当孩子的妈妈看到孩子没事时，恐怖开始从她身上消失）
Paragraph 2：
Then the mother glanced back and got her first good look at Mike，as well as his tattoos.And a crazy thing happened.I saw a new kind of panic wash over her as though there's some new，equally dangerous threat on her kids' lives because of the tattoos on Mike's arms.【高分句型一】She rushed up to Mike and snatched her kids and left.Not even a thank﹣you.Mike just glanced at me，shrugged，and jogged back to his tower.As I jogged back to my tower，I promised myself I'd never let my own fear or prejudice prevent me from recognizing a hero only because I don't see friendly appearance in him.【高分句型二】（从这件事情中，作者意识到再也不会仅仅因为Mike没有友好的外表，就让恐惧或偏见阻止他成为英雄）
【点评】解题方法点拨（1）品读原文。确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
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Unit 3 Environmental Protection
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．Molai grew up in a tiny village in India.The village lay near some wetlands which became his second （1） .He learned the value and beauty of（2） re from a very young age.
When he was 16，Molai began to notice something（3） happening around his home.A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the（4） it caused had driven away a number of birds. （5） ，the number of snakes had declined as well.He（6） that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the（7） .The solution，of course，was to plant trees so the animals could seek（8） during the daytime.He turned to the（9） department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.However，Molai went looking on his own and（10） a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
（11） young plants in the dry season was（12） for a lone boy.Molai built at the（13） of each sapling（幼树）a bamboo platform，where he placed earthen pots with small holes to（14） rainwater.The water would then drip（滴落）on the plants below.
Molai（15） to plant trees for the next 37 years.His efforts have resulted in 1，360 acres of naturally﹣grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
（1） A．dream B．job C．home D．choice
（2） A．nature B．youth C．culture D．knowledge
（3） A．precious B．interesting C．disturbing D．awkward
（4） A．waste B．tension C．pain D．damage
（5） A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise
（6） A．agreed B．realized C．remembered D．predicted
（7） A．noise B．heat C．disease D．dust
（8） A．directions B．partners C．help D．shelter
（9） A．labor B．police C．forest D．finance
（10） A．rebuilt B．discovered C．left D．managed
（11） A．Decorating B．Observing C．Watering D．Guarding
（12） A．tough B．illegal C．fantastic D．beneficial
（13） A．back B．top C．foot D．side
（14） A．cool down B．keep off C．purify D．collect
（15） A．returned B．learned C．failed D．continued
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．Environmental pollution kills 1.7 million children under the age of five every year worldwide.This is according to the World Health Organization（WHO）.The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen.
Dr Margaret Chan，the WHO Director﹣General，said in a press release statement，"A polluted environment is a deadly one﹣particularly for young children，whose developing organs and immune systems，and smaller bodies and airways，make them easily get hurt by dirty air and water."The WHO also says reducing environmental risks can prevent deaths like pneumonia（肺炎） among children aged one month to five years.This means providing access to safe water and sanitation（卫生设备），limiting exposure to dangerous chemicals，and improving waste management.
However，of all the environmental pollutants，air pollution is being called the most dangerous.The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6.5 million early deaths every year.That number includes nearly 600，000 deaths of children under age five.WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira says one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating."Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking，heating，and lighting at home.And，this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home，but the children who are
around mothers—they are exposed as well."She says early exposure to harmful pollutants can lead to increased risk of asthma（哮喘），heart disease，stroke and cancer later in life.
Cleaning up how the world cooks，heats and lights homes and other buildings is a big﹣picture goal.The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as construction and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment，ensuring that children grow up in a clean environment.
（1）Why do children suffer most from environ﹣mental pollution？
A．They are easily exposed to dangerous chemicals.
B．They have no access to safe water and sanitation.
C．Their bodies are not mature enough to fight pollution.
D．The worsening environmental pollution continues to harm them.
（2）What Maria Neira says indicates that .
A．mothers must focus on their children's health
B．cooking and heating are responsible for pollution
C．children should be protected from indirect pollutants
D．half of the people in the world are still using dirty fuels
（3）What's the author's purpose in writing the text？
A．Appeal for bettering the environment for children.
B．Draw people's attention to environmental pollution.
C．Highlight the harm pollution does to young children.
D．Arouse the awareness of young children's health issues.
3．（2024秋 沙坪坝区校级月考）Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet，it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water.Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin，meaning over ＄1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year.Recently，Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.
It is a convenient，clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten.To drink it，you can either peel off the membrane（薄膜）or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth.To eat it，you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth.One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship lots of Ooho bubbles without arriving with a very wet truck.However，they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane.It is targeting large outdoor events such as marathons，music festivals，and sporting events，where tons of plastic bottles are used，and frequently left behind as litter.And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment，which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.
The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho；they have recently applied for a patent for their new advancement.The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet，but they cost about two cents to create a unit，which is cheaper than plastic bottles.It has appeared at events in London，San Francisco，Boston，at conferences，festivals，and so on.
Ooho is catching many people's attention and has raised over ＄1 million and gained 1，000 investors in only three days.It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer's interest when the production machine is running.It is quickly making a rise，so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.
（1）How is most plastic dealt with in America？
A．It's sold.
B．It's recycled.
C．It's buried.
D．It's wasted.
（2）Why did the team invent Ooho？
A．To make a profit for a company.
B．To protect the environment.
C．To make people eat as they drink.
D．To reduce the cost of the plastic bottle.
（3）What can we infer about Ooho from the text？
A．It is easy and safe to ship it in large amounts.
B．It has become popular since it began to be sold.
C．It might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles.
D．It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology.
（4）What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph？
A．Ooho is to be a success in the future.
B．Ooho is being supported by smart people.
C．Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now.
D．Ooho is being produced to attract more investors.
4． This woodland construction is the world's biggest beaver dam，which at 2，790 feet in length and more than twice the length of the Hoover Dam，and can be seen from space.
The mammals use trees，mud and stones to make a type of moat（壕沟）where they can use their swimming skills to evade（躲避）any predators（食肉动物）.The families of beavers live in lodges on the dams and spend their days adding to and repairing the incredible structures.While beaver dams are often found to be around 1，500 feet in length，this one has surprised biologists because of its length.The dam is located on the southern edge of Wood Buffalo National Park in northern Alberta，Canada.It is thought that several beaver families joined forces to create the big dam that contains thousands of trees and must have taken many months to complete.
The dams are an important part of the ecology and wider environment，and climate change can be judged by the spread of the dams.
Sharon Brown，a biologist from Beavers：Wetland and Wildlife，an educational organisation in North America，said："Beavers build dams to create a good habitat.They are very agile（灵活的） in the water，but they're a bit slow moving on land."
"They create a habitat with lots of water，like a moat，around their lodges so they can swim and dive，and keep one step ahead of predators."
"They also use water to move the trees they use in their dams，because it is easier floating branches on the water than dragging them over land."
"Their dams are also beneficial because they slow the flow of water leading to less drought and less flooding.And when plant matter dies in water，it turns into peat（泥炭） and that is one of the best ways for storing carbon dioxide."
（1）What does the passage mainly tell us？
A．The world's longest man﹣made dam.
B．The biggest woodland construction.
C．The world's biggest beaver dam.
D．The dam can be seen from space.
（2）According to biologists，this dam .
A．is a result of team work
B．was built by a family of beavers
C．is located in a national park
D．has surprising height
（3）Why do beavers build dams？
A．To make them more agile.
B．To make a good living environment.
C．To make it easier to find food.
D．To keep away from predators.
（4）From the last paragraph we can infer that .
A．beaver dams can change the climate
B．beavers mainly live on plants
C．beaver dams can cause flood
D．man can benefit from beaver dams
5．Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree.That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin﹣Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer，of Edgar，Wisconsin，grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children.Her dad worked at a job away from the farm，and her mother ran the farm with the kids.After high school，Jennifer attended a local technical college，working to pay her tuition（学费），because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.After graduation，she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own.She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves：nursing.She chose the UW﹣Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four﹣year degree close to home.She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree：Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills，and her 68﹣year﹣old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all，she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors.Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）to achieve her goal，giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study."Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers，" she says.However，her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.Jennifer is a first﹣generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that's pretty powerful.
（1）What did Jennifer do after high school？
A．She helped her dad with his work.
B．She ran the family farm on her own.
C．She supported herself through college.
D．She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
（2）Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield？
A．To take care of her kids easily.
B．To learn from the best nurses.
C．To save money for her parents.
D．To find a well﹣paid job there.
（3）What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal？
A．Her health.
B．Her time with family.
C．Her reputation.
D．Her chance of promotion.
（4）What can we learn from Jennifer's story？
A．Time is money.
B．Love breaks down barriers.
C．Hard work pays off.
D．Education is the key to success.
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2024秋 济南二模）Chicken is a popular food In many countries． （1） ．Britain alone processes more than 945 million white﹣feathered chickens every year，creating tons of leftover feathers．
Two students from Imperial College London，Elena Dieckman and Ryan Robinson，want to turn these feathers into something useful．They are studying how to use them in other ways，like keeping homes warm，for example．
Why are feathers useful？Bird feathers have long been used in clothing and in bedding．Manufacturers often use feathers because of their light weight and the warmth they provide in a cold room or climate．（2） ．They are designed by nature to protect birds from really harsh environments．They are super lightweight，waterproof and bio﹣degradable（可生物降解的）．So it's a really great material．Robinson adds that their goal is to develop ways to use the entire feather，not just parts of it．（3） ．
Elena Dieckman and Ryan Robinson are each working toward a Doctor of Philosophy degree，or PhD．They are the founders of a start﹣up company called Aeropowder．（4） ．They developed a biodegradable product that could replace man﹣made insulation（隔音）．Biodegradable materials are capable of being slowly broken down through natural processes．
（5） ．The ﹩ 23，000 they won in the competition helped them start their company，Aeropowder．
A．If successful，they may help prevent the waste of this useful natural material．
B．Feather is very light，so that we say"as light as a feather"．
C．And the number of chicken killed for their meat is rising．
D．Dieckman and Robinson won several awards for their insulation．
E．Humans keep chickens as a source of food，consuming both their meat and eggs．
F．According to Elena Dieckman，feathers are a real wonder material．
G．They had an idea to create useful materials from waste．
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．Scientists often compare coral reefs to underwater rainforests，yet unlike the leafy plant base of a forest，corals are animals.The soft organs inside the hard parts of corals are naturally transparent and get （1） （they） famously brilliant color from algae（藻类）living inside them.
When corals experience stress from hot temperatures or（2） （pollute），they end their interdependent relationship with this algae，typically forcing them out（3） turning white，though one recent study indicates some corals turn a bright neon color when stressed.Corals are still alive when they bleach（白化），but they're （4） risk﹣essentially immunocompromised（免疫功能低下）﹣and many （5） （eventual） starve and die，turning a dark brown.
People first noticed coral bleaching events in the 1980s.The problem worsened in 2016，when an El Nino weather pattern，（6） causes warmer waters in the Pacific Ocean， （7） （mix） with an already unseasonably warm ocean and killed off a third of the corals on the Great Barrier Reef.Since then，roughly half the corals on Australia's famous reefs （8） （die） in following bleaching events，risking an underwater landscape 1，500 miles long.
Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and maybe even revive corals.One option is （9） （create） more marine protected areas﹣essentially national parks in the ocean.Scientists say creating marine shelter，where fishing，mining，and recreating are off limits，makes the reefs （10） （healthy），and so much stronger.
五．单词拼写（共5小题）
8．（2024秋 禅城区校级期中） （众所周知），light travels faster than sound． （all）
9．The union has proposed new （规章制度） to control the hours worked by its employees.
10．As we can see，the whole river b （流域） is covered with tropical forest.
11．The strong and （ 详尽的证据） proved that some rare animals were killed in the nature reserve.
12． （毫无疑问） he can win first prize.（doubt）
六．书面表达（共2小题）
13．（2024秋 成都模拟）假定你是李华．你将代表学校参加国际高中生环境保护论坛．请你根据以下要点写一篇发言稿．
1．环境保护的紧迫性；
2．如何开展环境保护；
3．呼吁大家积极参与．
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
参考词汇：论坛forum n．
14．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
I'm originally from Orange County，California，where I had the pleasure and honor of serving as a Newport Beach ocean lifeguard for five seasons.Whenever I could，I got shifts working the Point.If you wanted to save lives，that's where you worked.The Point was known for its massive rip currents（激流）.
So，late in a shift，I was working Tower 15.Two blocks to my right was another guard named Mike，working Tower 17.I'd known Mike for a number of years.Mike had a rough upbringing.You can tell just by looking at him.He has a number of really frightening tattoos（文身），and his bald head shows the scar he got from a broken beer bottle.Maybe he wasn't the friendliest guard on the beach.I admit，I didn't really get along with Mike.But everything he lacked in friendly appearance and social skills，he more than made up for in lifesaving ability.
He called me over the phone and said，"Hey，I got a couple of kids.I gotta to give them a warning.Keep an eye on us."
I said，"Sure，" and hung up.
Anytime you get out of your tower，you're supposed to let somebody else know，in case a situation develops.And sure enough，as soon as he hung up the phone，a rip was snapped up under these two kids，and they're getting sucked out.Mike saw it before it's happening，and he's running full speed toward the ocean.I scanned the water.All I saw was two small noses bobbing （上下浮动）in the water.
I dropped my binocle（望远镜）and I called in and said，"Double rescue 17﹣he's out.I'm going." Mike was already punching through the surf line.By now，the mother of the two kids realized what's happening.She's on her feet and screaming.
Paragraph 1：
Mike reached the kids﹣a brother and a sister around eight or nine years old._______
Paragraph 2：
Then the mother glanced back and got her first good look at Mike，as well as his tattoos._________
Unit 3 Environmental Protection
参考答案与试题解析
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．Molai grew up in a tiny village in India.The village lay near some wetlands which became his second （1） C .He learned the value and beauty of（2） A re from a very young age.
When he was 16，Molai began to notice something（3） C happening around his home.A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the（4） D it caused had driven away a number of birds. （5） A ，the number of snakes had declined as well.He（6） B that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the（7） B .The solution，of course，was to plant trees so the animals could seek（8） D during the daytime.He turned to the（9） C department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.However，Molai went looking on his own and（10） B a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
（11） C young plants in the dry season was（12） A for a lone boy.Molai built at the（13） B of each sapling（幼树）a bamboo platform，where he placed earthen pots with small holes to（14） D rainwater.The water would then drip（滴落）on the plants below.
Molai（15） D to plant trees for the next 37 years.His efforts have resulted in 1，360 acres of naturally﹣grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
（1） A．dream B．job C．home D．choice
（2） A．nature B．youth C．culture D．knowledge
（3） A．precious B．interesting C．disturbing D．awkward
（4） A．waste B．tension C．pain D．damage
（5） A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise
（6） A．agreed B．realized C．remembered D．predicted
（7） A．noise B．heat C．disease D．dust
（8） A．directions B．partners C．help D．shelter
（9） A．labor B．police C．forest D．finance
（10） A．rebuilt B．discovered C．left D．managed
（11） A．Decorating B．Observing C．Watering D．Guarding
（12） A．tough B．illegal C．fantastic D．beneficial
（13） A．back B．top C．foot D．side
（14） A．cool down B．keep off C．purify D．collect
（15） A．returned B．learned C．failed D．continued
【答案】（1）—（5）CACDA （6）—（10）BBDCB （11）—（15）CABDD
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。Molai决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。
【解答】（1）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.dream梦想；B.job工作；C.home家；D.choice选择。句意：这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。根据空前的second（第二个）可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些"湿地"成为了他的第二个"家"。故选C。
（2）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.nature自然；B.youth青春，年轻；C.culture文化；D.knowledge知识。句意：他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。湿地展现了"大自然"的价值和美。故选A。
（3）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.precious宝贵的；B.interesting有趣的；C.disturbing令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D.awkward尴尬的，笨拙的。句意：16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。该段后半部分提到：洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人不安。故选C。
（4）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.waste废物；B.tension紧张；C.pain疼痛，痛苦；D.damage损害，伤害。句意：那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。洪水侵袭这个地区，它会"损害"庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。
（5）A.考查副词及语境理解。A.Besides此外，另外；B.However但是；C.Therefore因此；D.Otherwise否则。句意：此外，蛇的数量也减少了。根据as well（也）可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。
（6）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.agreed同意；B.realized意识到；C.remembered记住，记起；D.predicted预测。句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。Molai"意识到"鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。
（7）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.noise噪音；B.heat热；C.disease疾病；D.dust尘土。句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B。
（8）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.directions方向；B.partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C.help帮助；D.shelter遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。句意：当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。树木可以给动物们提供"遮蔽"。故选D。
（9）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.labor劳动；B.police警察；C.forest森林；D.finance财政，金融。句意：他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。根据前一句中的"The solution，of course，was to plant trees"（当然，解决的办法是种树）可知，Molai想要种树，所以他应该向"森林"部门求助。故选C。
（10）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.rebuilt重建；B.discovered发现；C.left离开；D.managed设法做成。句意：然而，Molai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。根据前面的"looking on his own"（自己看）可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他"发现"了一个小岛。故选B。
（11）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.Decorating装饰；B.Observing观察到；C.Watering浇水；D.Guarding守卫。句意：对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。该段后半部分叙述的是Molai想尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的"the dry season"（旱季）可知，在旱季给幼苗"浇水"很难。故选C。
（12）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.tough困难的；B.illegal非法的；C.fantastic极好的；D.beneficial有益的。句意：对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知，Molai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很"难"。故选A。
（13）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.back背部；B.top顶端；C.foot脚；D.side一边，一侧。句意：Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。根据该段最后一句"The water would then drip on the plants below"（然后水就会滴在下面的植物上）可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的"顶端"。故选B。
（14）D.考查动词（短语）及语境理解。A.cool down冷却下来；B.keep off与……保持距离；C.purify净化，使纯净；D.collect收集。句意：Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上"收集"雨水。故选D。
（15）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.returned返回；B.learned学会；C.failed失败；D.continued继续。句意：在接下来的37年里，Molai继续种树。根据后一句His efforts have resulted in 1，360 acres of naturally﹣grown land that has become home to many plants and animals可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他"继续"种树。故选D。
【点评】做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．Environmental pollution kills 1.7 million children under the age of five every year worldwide.This is according to the World Health Organization（WHO）.The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen.
Dr Margaret Chan，the WHO Director﹣General，said in a press release statement，"A polluted environment is a deadly one﹣particularly for young children，whose developing organs and immune systems，and smaller bodies and airways，make them easily get hurt by dirty air and water."The WHO also says reducing environmental risks can prevent deaths like pneumonia（肺炎） among children aged one month to five years.This means providing access to safe water and sanitation（卫生设备），limiting exposure to dangerous chemicals，and improving waste management.
However，of all the environmental pollutants，air pollution is being called the most dangerous.The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6.5 million early deaths every year.That number includes nearly 600，000 deaths of children under age five.WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira says one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating."Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking，heating，and lighting at home.And，this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home，but the children who are
around mothers—they are exposed as well."She says early exposure to harmful pollutants can lead to increased risk of asthma（哮喘），heart disease，stroke and cancer later in life.
Cleaning up how the world cooks，heats and lights homes and other buildings is a big﹣picture goal.The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as construction and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment，ensuring that children grow up in a clean environment.
（1）Why do children suffer most from environ﹣mental pollution？ C
A．They are easily exposed to dangerous chemicals.
B．They have no access to safe water and sanitation.
C．Their bodies are not mature enough to fight pollution.
D．The worsening environmental pollution continues to harm them.
（2）What Maria Neira says indicates that C .
A．mothers must focus on their children's health
B．cooking and heating are responsible for pollution
C．children should be protected from indirect pollutants
D．half of the people in the world are still using dirty fuels
（3）What's the author's purpose in writing the text？ A
A．Appeal for bettering the environment for children.
B．Draw people's attention to environmental pollution.
C．Highlight the harm pollution does to young children.
D．Arouse the awareness of young children's health issues.
【答案】CCA
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出环境污染是近年来幼童死亡率上升的主要原因。
【解答】（1）C.细节理解题。根据第二段A polluted environment is a deadly one﹣particularly for young children，whose developing organs and immune systems，and smaller bodies and airways，make them easily get hurt by dirty air and water."（污染的环境是致命的，尤其是对幼儿而言，他们发育中的器官和免疫系统，以及较小的身体和气道，使他们很容易受到污染空气和水的伤害。"）可知，儿童受环境污染的影响最大，因为他们的身体还不够成熟，无法抵御污染。故选C。
（2）C.推理判断题。根据第三段WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira says one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating."Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking，heating，and lighting at home.And，this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home，but the children who are around mothers—they are exposed as well."She says early exposure to harmful pollutants can lead to increased risk of asthma（哮喘），heart disease，stroke and cancer later in life.（世界卫生组织环境与健康负责人玛丽亚 奈拉说，减少空气污染的最重要途径之一是为烹饪和取暖生产更清洁的燃料。"几乎一半的世界人口在家里使用肮脏的燃料做饭、取暖和照明。这对留在家里做饭的母亲有很大影响，但与母亲在一起的孩子也会受到影响。"她说，早期接触有害污染物会增加日后患哮喘、心脏病、中风和癌症的风险。）可知，玛丽亚 奈拉说的话表明应该保护儿童免受间接污染。故选C。
（3）A.写作意图题。根据最后一段The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as construction and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment，ensuring that children grow up in a clean environment.（世界卫生组织建议政府部门和行业，如建筑业和卫生部门，共同努力清理环境，确保儿童在清洁的环境中成长。）可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁改善儿童的环境。故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
3．（2024秋 沙坪坝区校级月考）Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet，it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water.Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin，meaning over ＄1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year.Recently，Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.
It is a convenient，clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten.To drink it，you can either peel off the membrane（薄膜）or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth.To eat it，you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth.One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship lots of Ooho bubbles without arriving with a very wet truck.However，they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane.It is targeting large outdoor events such as marathons，music festivals，and sporting events，where tons of plastic bottles are used，and frequently left behind as litter.And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment，which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.
The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho；they have recently applied for a patent for their new advancement.The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet，but they cost about two cents to create a unit，which is cheaper than plastic bottles.It has appeared at events in London，San Francisco，Boston，at conferences，festivals，and so on.
Ooho is catching many people's attention and has raised over ＄1 million and gained 1，000 investors in only three days.It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer's interest when the production machine is running.It is quickly making a rise，so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.
（1）How is most plastic dealt with in America？ C
A．It's sold.
B．It's recycled.
C．It's buried.
D．It's wasted.
（2）Why did the team invent Ooho？ A
A．To make a profit for a company.
B．To protect the environment.
C．To make people eat as they drink.
D．To reduce the cost of the plastic bottle.
（3）What can we infer about Ooho from the text？ D
A．It is easy and safe to ship it in large amounts.
B．It has become popular since it began to be sold.
C．It might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles.
D．It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology.
（4）What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph？ B
A．Ooho is to be a success in the future.
B．Ooho is being supported by smart people.
C．Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now.
D．Ooho is being produced to attract more investors.
【答案】C A D B
【分析】本文章主要讲述了只使用塑料水瓶不仅让你花钱了，但它也会造成污染，浪费能源，并且浪费水。美国仅有23%的塑料进行了回收，这意味着每年价值超过10亿美元的塑料被视为垃圾。最近，Skipping Rocks Lab发明了一种名为Ooho的水瓶。它是一种方便，清澈的水瓶，所以你不必担心任何味道。
【解答】（1）C.细节理解题。根据第一段的Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin，meaning over ＄1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year.在美国，只有23%的塑料资源被回收利用，大部分的塑料都被当作垃圾扔掉了，可知它被埋了。故选C。
（2）A．细节理解题。根据第一段的it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water.和第二段And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment，which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.Skipping Rocks Lab发明新型环保的储水容器Ooho，它是一个能携带液体资源的球面薄膜，它的制作成本很低，强韧且环保、可生物降解而且可食用。因此可知其目的是保护环境，故选A。
（3）D．推理判断题。根据第三段的The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet，but they cost about two cents to create a unit，which is cheaper than plastic bottles制造储水容器Ooho的成本比塑料矿泉水瓶低得多。因此可以推断出其市场售价可能会比塑料瓶低，故选D。
（4）B．推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是It is quickly making a rise，so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.它的销售量正在迅速上升，所以今年要注意这些未来的瓶子。可知，许多投资商看好储水容器Ooho的市场前景，作者也相信它一定会成功的，故选B。
【点评】阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
4． This woodland construction is the world's biggest beaver dam，which at 2，790 feet in length and more than twice the length of the Hoover Dam，and can be seen from space.
The mammals use trees，mud and stones to make a type of moat（壕沟）where they can use their swimming skills to evade（躲避）any predators（食肉动物）.The families of beavers live in lodges on the dams and spend their days adding to and repairing the incredible structures.While beaver dams are often found to be around 1，500 feet in length，this one has surprised biologists because of its length.The dam is located on the southern edge of Wood Buffalo National Park in northern Alberta，Canada.It is thought that several beaver families joined forces to create the big dam that contains thousands of trees and must have taken many months to complete.
The dams are an important part of the ecology and wider environment，and climate change can be judged by the spread of the dams.
Sharon Brown，a biologist from Beavers：Wetland and Wildlife，an educational organisation in North America，said："Beavers build dams to create a good habitat.They are very agile（灵活的） in the water，but they're a bit slow moving on land."
"They create a habitat with lots of water，like a moat，around their lodges so they can swim and dive，and keep one step ahead of predators."
"They also use water to move the trees they use in their dams，because it is easier floating branches on the water than dragging them over land."
"Their dams are also beneficial because they slow the flow of water leading to less drought and less flooding.And when plant matter dies in water，it turns into peat（泥炭） and that is one of the best ways for storing carbon dioxide."
（1）What does the passage mainly tell us？ C
A．The world's longest man﹣made dam.
B．The biggest woodland construction.
C．The world's biggest beaver dam.
D．The dam can be seen from space.
（2）According to biologists，this dam A .
A．is a result of team work
B．was built by a family of beavers
C．is located in a national park
D．has surprising height
（3）Why do beavers build dams？ B
A．To make them more agile.
B．To make a good living environment.
C．To make it easier to find food.
D．To keep away from predators.
（4）From the last paragraph we can infer that D .
A．beaver dams can change the climate
B．beavers mainly live on plants
C．beaver dams can cause flood
D．man can benefit from beaver dams
【答案】CABD
【分析】本文是一篇人文地理类阅读理解。主要介绍了世界上最长的海狸水坝位于伍德布法罗国家森林公园，长2，790英尺，是胡夫水坝的两倍多，可以从太空看到。海狸水坝可以延缓水的流动，减少干旱和洪灾的发生。
【解答】（1）C.主旨大意题。根据文章的第一句"This woodland construction is the world's biggest beaver dam"（这片林地是世界上最大的海狸水坝）以及全文的内容可知，文章主要讲述世界上最大的海狸水坝，由此可知，选项C概括了文章的主要内容。故选C。
（2）A.细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句"It is thought that several beaver families joined forces to create the big dam that contains thousands of trees and must have taken many months to complete." （据认为，几个河狸家族合力建造了这座包含数千棵树的大坝，肯定花了好几个月才完成。）可知，是几个海狸家庭合作建成了这个大坝，故选A。
（3）B.细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Beavers build dams to create a good habitat"可知，海狸建大坝是为了创造一个好的居住环境，故选B。
（4）D.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的第一句"Their dams are also beneficial because they slow the flow of water leading to less drought and less flooding."（他们的水坝也是有益的，因为它们减缓了水流，减少了干旱和洪水。）可知，海狸水坝可以延缓水的流动，减少干旱和洪灾的发生。由此推测，海狸水坝对人类有益。故选D。
【点评】考查人文地理阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
5．Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree.That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin﹣Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer，of Edgar，Wisconsin，grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children.Her dad worked at a job away from the farm，and her mother ran the farm with the kids.After high school，Jennifer attended a local technical college，working to pay her tuition（学费），because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.After graduation，she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own.She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves：nursing.She chose the UW﹣Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four﹣year degree close to home.She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree：Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills，and her 68﹣year﹣old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all，she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors.Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）to achieve her goal，giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study."Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers，" she says.However，her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.Jennifer is a first﹣generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that's pretty powerful.
（1）What did Jennifer do after high school？ C
A．She helped her dad with his work.
B．She ran the family farm on her own.
C．She supported herself through college.
D．She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
（2）Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield？ A
A．To take care of her kids easily.
B．To learn from the best nurses.
C．To save money for her parents.
D．To find a well﹣paid job there.
（3）What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal？ B
A．Her health.
B．Her time with family.
C．Her reputation.
D．Her chance of promotion.
（4）What can we learn from Jennifer's story？ C
A．Time is money.
B．Love breaks down barriers.
C．Hard work pays off.
D．Education is the key to success.
【答案】CABC
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。从小在农场长大的詹妮弗高中毕业后一边工作一边读技术学院，还供家中的弟弟妹妹上学，成家后又重返校园攻读学位。凭借自己的毅力和努力，她最终实现了自己的目标。
【解答】（1）C．细节理解题。根据第二段After high school，Jennifer attended a local technical college，working to pay her tuition （学费），詹妮弗去了当地的一所技术学院，工作以支付她的学费。可知她自食其力读完技术学院。故选C。
（2）A．细节理解题。根据第三段 She chose the UW﹣Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four﹣year degree close to home.She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.她选择了威斯康星州马士菲尔德圣约瑟夫医院的UW﹣Eau﹣Claire项目，因为她可以在离家较近的地方，她可以开车去上课，晚上回家帮助孩子。可知詹妮弗要在马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院做这个项目，能够更方便照顾孩子。故选A。
（3）B．细节理解题。根据最后一段Through it all，she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors.Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）to achieve her goal，giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.在这一切中，她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业。詹妮弗为了实现自己的目标而牺牲，放弃了和孩子们在一起的许多夜晚，也错过了孩子重要的学习活动。可知詹妮弗为了达到她的目标牺牲了她和家人在一起的时间。故选B。
（4）C．推理判断题。本文讲述詹妮弗 莫尔因为出生贫穷，自食其力读完技术学院，后来结婚后，又边照顾孩子，边攻读四年制学位，并以优异成绩毕业。告诉我们讴歌道理：努力工作有回报。故选C。
【点评】做这类阅读理解，要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2024秋 济南二模）Chicken is a popular food In many countries． （1） C ．Britain alone processes more than 945 million white﹣feathered chickens every year，creating tons of leftover feathers．
Two students from Imperial College London，Elena Dieckman and Ryan Robinson，want to turn these feathers into something useful．They are studying how to use them in other ways，like keeping homes warm，for example．
Why are feathers useful？Bird feathers have long been used in clothing and in bedding．Manufacturers often use feathers because of their light weight and the warmth they provide in a cold room or climate．（2） F ．They are designed by nature to protect birds from really harsh environments．They are super lightweight，waterproof and bio﹣degradable（可生物降解的）．So it's a really great material．Robinson adds that their goal is to develop ways to use the entire feather，not just parts of it．（3） A ．
Elena Dieckman and Ryan Robinson are each working toward a Doctor of Philosophy degree，or PhD．They are the founders of a start﹣up company called Aeropowder．（4） G ．They developed a biodegradable product that could replace man﹣made insulation（隔音）．Biodegradable materials are capable of being slowly broken down through natural processes．
（5） D ．The ﹩ 23，000 they won in the competition helped them start their company，Aeropowder．
A．If successful，they may help prevent the waste of this useful natural material．
B．Feather is very light，so that we say"as light as a feather"．
C．And the number of chicken killed for their meat is rising．
D．Dieckman and Robinson won several awards for their insulation．
E．Humans keep chickens as a source of food，consuming both their meat and eggs．
F．According to Elena Dieckman，feathers are a real wonder material．
G．They had an idea to create useful materials from waste．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇科技类的文章．在文章中讲到鸡肉在很多国家都很受欢迎，而且需求量也越来越大．为此每年宰杀鸡之后，都会剩下很多的羽毛．这是一种浪费．为此伦敦帝国学院的两个学生想把这些羽毛变成有用的东西，以保护自然界中的鸟类．在他们取得了哲学学位后建立了一家公司去发展一种可生物降解的产品．
【解答】CFAGD
（1）C．考查上下文推理能力．根据前文Chicken is a popular food In many countries鸡肉在许多国家都很受欢迎，这与C．And the number of chicken killed for their meat is rising用来食用的鸡的数量也在增加，意思相符，故答案为C．
（2）F．考查上下文推理能力．根据前文Manufacturers often use feathers because of their light weight and the warmth they provide in a cold room or climate制造商经常使用羽毛，因为它们的重量轻，它们在寒冷的房间或气候中保持温暖，这与F．According to Elena Dieckman，feathers are a real wonder material根据Elena Dieckman所说，羽毛是真正神奇的材料，意思相符，故答案为F．
（3）A．考查上下文推理能力．根据前文Robinson adds that their goal is to develop ways to use the entire feather，not just parts of it鲁滨孙补充说，他们的目标是开发使用整个羽毛的方法，而不仅仅是它的一部分，这与A．If successful，they may help prevent the waste of this useful natural material如果成功，它们可能有助于防止这种有用的天然材料的浪费，意思相符，故答案为A．
（4）G．考查上下文推理能力．根据下文They developed a biodegradable product that could replace man﹣made insulation他们开发了一种可以替代人造绝缘材料的生物可降解产品，这与G．They had an idea to create useful materials from waste他们有一种想法，从废物中创造有用的材料，意思相符，故答案为G．
（5）D．考查上下文推理能力．根据下文The ﹩ 23，000 they won in the competition helped them start their company，Aeropowder他们在比赛中赢了23000英镑，帮助他们创办了公司﹣Aeropowder，这与D．Dieckman and Robinson won several awards for their insulationDieckman和鲁滨孙因发明而获奖，意思相符，故答案为D．
【点评】七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子．解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子．
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．Scientists often compare coral reefs to underwater rainforests，yet unlike the leafy plant base of a forest，corals are animals.The soft organs inside the hard parts of corals are naturally transparent and get （1） their （they） famously brilliant color from algae（藻类）living inside them.
When corals experience stress from hot temperatures or（2） pollution （pollute），they end their interdependent relationship with this algae，typically forcing them out（3） and turning white，though one recent study indicates some corals turn a bright neon color when stressed.Corals are still alive when they bleach（白化），but they're （4） at risk﹣essentially immunocompromised（免疫功能低下）﹣and many （5） eventually （eventual） starve and die，turning a dark brown.
People first noticed coral bleaching events in the 1980s.The problem worsened in 2016，when an El Nino weather pattern，（6） which causes warmer waters in the Pacific Ocean， （7） mixed （mix） with an already unseasonably warm ocean and killed off a third of the corals on the Great Barrier Reef.Since then，roughly half the corals on Australia's famous reefs （8） have died （die） in following bleaching events，risking an underwater landscape 1，500 miles long.
Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and maybe even revive corals.One option is （9） to create （create） more marine protected areas﹣essentially national parks in the ocean.Scientists say creating marine shelter，where fishing，mining，and recreating are off limits，makes the reefs （10） healthier （healthy），and so much stronger.
【答案】（1）their（2）pollution（3）and（4）at（5）eventually（6）which（7）mixed（8）have died（9）to create（10）healthier
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述了保护珊瑚的重要性。
【解答】（1）their.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：珊瑚坚硬部分内的软器官是天然透明的，它们以鲜艳的颜色闻名于世，这是因为珊瑚体内的藻类。分析句子可知，此处用形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词color，故填their。
（2）pollution.考查不可数名词。句意：当珊瑚受到高温或污染的压力时，它们会结束与这种藻类的相互依赖关系，通常会迫使它们离开并变白，尽管最近的一项研究表明，一些珊瑚在受到压力时会变成明亮的霓虹色。分析句子可知，此处用不可数名词与temperatures并列作介词from的宾语，故填pollution。
（3）and.考查连词。句意：当珊瑚受到高温或污染的压力时，它们会结束与这种藻类的相互依赖关系，通常会迫使它们离开并变白，尽管最近的一项研究表明，一些珊瑚在受到压力时会变成明亮的霓虹色。结合句意可知，此处前后为递进关系，故填and。
（4）at.考查介词。句意：珊瑚漂白后仍然活着，但它们面临着免疫功能低下的风险﹣﹣许多珊瑚最终会饿死，变成深棕色。at risk表示"有风险"符合句意，故填at。
（5）eventually.考查副词。句意：珊瑚漂白后仍然活着，但它们面临着免疫功能低下的风险﹣﹣许多珊瑚最终会饿死，变成深棕色。分析句子可知，此处用副词作状语修饰动词starve，故填eventually。
（6）which.考查定语从句。句意：2016年，厄尔尼诺天气模式导致太平洋水域变暖，再加上本已异常温暖的海洋，导致大堡礁三分之一的珊瑚死亡，这一问题进一步恶化。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为an El Nino weather pattern，在从句中作主语，故填which。
（7）mixed.考查动词时态。句意：2016年，厄尔尼诺天气模式导致太平洋水域变暖，再加上本已异常温暖的海洋，导致大堡礁三分之一的珊瑚死亡，这一问题进一步恶化。结合句意和in 2016，killed可知，此处用一般过去时，故填mixed。
（8）have died.考查动词时态。句意：从那时起，澳大利亚著名珊瑚礁上大约一半的珊瑚在漂白事件后死亡，危及1500英里长的水下景观。时间状语为since then，句子用现在完成时，故填have died。
（9）to create.考查动词不定式。句意：一个选择是建立更多的海洋保护区，主要是海洋中的国家公园。分析句子可知，此处用动词不定式作is的表语，表示"将要发生的事情"，故填to create。
（10）healthier.考查比较级。句意：科学家们说，建造海洋避难所，禁止捕鱼、采矿和再创造，可以使珊瑚礁更健康、更坚固。结合句意可知，此处用比较级表示"更健康"，故填healthier。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
五．单词拼写（共5小题）
8．（2024秋 禅城区校级期中） As is known to all/ As we all know （众所周知），light travels faster than sound． （all）
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】众所周知，光速比声速快．
【解答】答案：As is known to all/ As we all know．As is known to all/ As we all know是定语从句，关系代词as的先行词是后面整个句子light travels faster than sound．故填 As is known to all/ As we all know．
【点评】考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺．
9．The union has proposed new regulations （规章制度） to control the hours worked by its employees.
【答案】regulations
【分析】工会提出了控制雇员工作时间的新规定。
【解答】根据括号内词义，"规章制度"可译为regulation，是可数名词，根据语境要用复数形式。
故填：regulations。
【点评】考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
10．As we can see，the whole river b asin （流域） is covered with tropical forest.
【答案】basin
【分析】正如我们所看到的，整个流域覆盖着热带森林。
【解答】结合句意和is可知，此处用名词的单数形式basin表示"流域"作主语。
故填：basin。
【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
11．The strong and comprehensive evidence （ 详尽的证据） proved that some rare animals were killed in the nature reserve.
【答案】comprehensive evidence
【分析】有力而全面的证据证明，一些稀有动物在自然保护区被杀害。
【解答】根据括号内词义，" 详尽的证据"可译为comprehensive evidence，evidence是不可数名词。
故填：comprehensive evidence。
【点评】考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
12． There is no doubt that （毫无疑问） he can win first prize.（doubt）
【答案】There is no doubt that
【分析】毫无疑问的是他能赢得一等奖。
【解答】根据括号内词义，"毫无疑问"可译为there is no doubt that。分析句子，根据从句谓语can win可知，应用一般现在时。
故填：There is no doubt that。
【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
六．书面表达（共2小题）
13．（2024秋 成都模拟）假定你是李华．你将代表学校参加国际高中生环境保护论坛．请你根据以下要点写一篇发言稿．
1．环境保护的紧迫性；
2．如何开展环境保护；
3．呼吁大家积极参与．
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
参考词汇：论坛forum n．
Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world． With the development of industry and agriculture， cars make great noises and give off poisonous gas． Trees on the hills have been cut down，and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers． Furthermore，wherever we go today， we can find rubbish carelessly disposed． The whole ecological balance of the earth is changing． Massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even poses a great threat to man's existence．
We must face the situation that exists and take actions to solve our environmental problems． For instance， new laws must be passed to place strict control over industrial pollution， the public must receive the education about the hazard of pollution and so on． We hope that all these measures will be effective and bring back a healthful environment．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文属于提纲作文，动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．
高分句型一： Furthermore，wherever we go today， we can find rubbish carelessly disposed．此外，无论我们走到哪里，我们都能随意发现垃圾．本句中wherever引导让步状语从句等于no matter where．
高分句型二：We must face the situation that exists and take actions to solve our environmental problems．我们必须正视形势，采取行动解决环境问题．句中and并列谓语face and take；that exists是定语从句，修饰名词situation．
【解答】Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world． With the development of industry and agriculture， cars make great noises and give off poisonous gas． Trees on the hills have been cut down，and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers． Furthermore，wherever we go today， we can find rubbish carelessly disposed．（高分句型一） The whole ecological balance of the earth is changing． Massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even poses a great threat to man's existence．【环境保护的紧迫性】
We must face the situation that exists and take actions to solve our environmental problems．（高分句型二） For instance， new laws must be passed to place strict control over industrial pollution， the public must receive the education about the hazard of pollution and so on．【如何保护环境】 We hope that all these measures will be effective and bring back a healthful environment．【呼吁参加】
【点评】英语写作是一项主观性较强的测试题．它不仅考查学生的写作基础而且还考查学生在写作过程中综合运用语言的能力．在撰写时要注意主谓语一致，时态呼应，用词贴切等．要提高英语写作水平，需要两方面的训练：一是语言基础方面的训练，要有扎实的造句、翻译等基本功，即用词法、句法等知识造出正确无误的句子；二是写作知识和能力 方面的训练以掌握写作方面的基本方法和技巧．
14．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
I'm originally from Orange County，California，where I had the pleasure and honor of serving as a Newport Beach ocean lifeguard for five seasons.Whenever I could，I got shifts working the Point.If you wanted to save lives，that's where you worked.The Point was known for its massive rip currents（激流）.
So，late in a shift，I was working Tower 15.Two blocks to my right was another guard named Mike，working Tower 17.I'd known Mike for a number of years.Mike had a rough upbringing.You can tell just by looking at him.He has a number of really frightening tattoos（文身），and his bald head shows the scar he got from a broken beer bottle.Maybe he wasn't the friendliest guard on the beach.I admit，I didn't really get along with Mike.But everything he lacked in friendly appearance and social skills，he more than made up for in lifesaving ability.
He called me over the phone and said，"Hey，I got a couple of kids.I gotta to give them a warning.Keep an eye on us."
I said，"Sure，" and hung up.
Anytime you get out of your tower，you're supposed to let somebody else know，in case a situation develops.And sure enough，as soon as he hung up the phone，a rip was snapped up under these two kids，and they're getting sucked out.Mike saw it before it's happening，and he's running full speed toward the ocean.I scanned the water.All I saw was two small noses bobbing （上下浮动）in the water.
I dropped my binocle（望远镜）and I called in and said，"Double rescue 17﹣he's out.I'm going." Mike was already punching through the surf line.By now，the mother of the two kids realized what's happening.She's on her feet and screaming.
Paragraph 1：
Mike reached the kids﹣a brother and a sister around eight or nine years old._______
Paragraph 2：
Then the mother glanced back and got her first good look at Mike，as well as his tattoos._________
【答案】Paragraph 1：
Mike reached the kids ﹣a brother and a sister around eight or nine years old.He got to the boy first，and when he turned to the girl，he had to reach down into the water and catch her by the hair to pull her back up.Mike swam sideways out of the rip current into the clear water and started bring them in.When I reached their mother，Mike was in waist﹣deep water.These kids were so exhausted that they couldn't walk，and so Mike's carrying them.He's got one under each arm.I turned to their mom and said，"Hey，it's gonna be OK.They're safe."I saw the terror start to drain out of her.
Paragraph 2：
Then the mother glanced back and got her first good look at Mike，as well as his tattoos.And a crazy thing happened.I saw a new kind of panic wash over her as though there's some new，equally dangerous threat on her kids' lives because of the tattoos on Mike's arms.She rushed up to Mike and snatched her kids and left.Not even a thank﹣you.Mike just glanced at me，shrugged，and jogged back to his tower.As I jogged back to my tower，I promised myself I'd never let my own fear or prejudice prevent me from recognizing a hero only because I don't see friendly appearance in him.
【分析】本文为记叙文，作者在海滩担任救生员的时候，他在15号塔工作，另一个救生员Mike在17号塔工作。Mike的外表看起来不友好，身上有令人恐惧的文身。Mike在塔上看到几个孩子在海里有危险，迅速奔向大海去救他们。海滩上，两个孩子的母亲意识到了发生了什么。她站起来尖叫。
高分句型一：I saw a new kind of panic wash over her as though there's some new，equally dangerous threat on her kids' lives because of the tattoos on Mike's arms.
译文：我看到一种新的恐慌席卷着她，好像因为迈克手臂上的文身，对她的孩子们的生命造成了某种新的、同样危险的威胁。
分析：这句话使用as if引导方式状语从句。
高分句型二：As I jogged back to my tower，I promised myself I'd never let my own fear or prejudice prevent me from recognizing a hero only because I don't see friendly appearance in him.
译文：当我慢跑回到我的塔楼时，我向自己保证，我不会让自己的恐惧或偏见阻止我认出一个英雄，仅仅因为我看不到他友善的外表。
分析：这句话使用as引导时间状语从句，because引导原因状语从句。
【解答】Paragraph 1：
Mike reached the kids ﹣a brother and a sister around eight or nine years old.He got to the boy first，and when he turned to the girl，he had to reach down into the water and catch her by the hair to pull her back up.Mike swam sideways out of the rip current into the clear water and started bring them in.When I reached their mother，Mike was in waist﹣deep water.These kids were so exhausted that they couldn't walk，and so Mike's carrying them.He's got one under each arm.I turned to their mom and said，"Hey，it's gonna be OK.They're safe."I saw the terror start to drain out of her.（Mike是如何救两个孩子。当孩子的妈妈看到孩子没事时，恐怖开始从她身上消失）
Paragraph 2：
Then the mother glanced back and got her first good look at Mike，as well as his tattoos.And a crazy thing happened.I saw a new kind of panic wash over her as though there's some new，equally dangerous threat on her kids' lives because of the tattoos on Mike's arms.【高分句型一】She rushed up to Mike and snatched her kids and left.Not even a thank﹣you.Mike just glanced at me，shrugged，and jogged back to his tower.As I jogged back to my tower，I promised myself I'd never let my own fear or prejudice prevent me from recognizing a hero only because I don't see friendly appearance in him.【高分句型二】（从这件事情中，作者意识到再也不会仅仅因为Mike没有友好的外表，就让恐惧或偏见阻止他成为英雄）
【点评】解题方法点拨（1）品读原文。确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
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