Unit 4 Adversity and Courage(单元测试.含答案与解析）-2025-2026学年人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第三册
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| 名称 | Unit 4 Adversity and Courage(单元测试.含答案与解析）-2025-2026学年人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第三册 |  | |
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 4 Adversity and Courage
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．It's 27 years since my last conversation with my mother，who didn't finish school like many of her contemporary girls．She often told me， "I never got my（1） but one day you will．"
Pointing to a tree or cow，she asked me to（2） their English names after her．Feeling（3） I asked，Mama，why do I have to learn these（4） phrases？She held her pen right before my eyes．Hold it firmly，she（5） me，for this pen and the new foreign language will be your compass to（6） around the world．Sadly，my mother died of breast cancer when I was six．
Turning seven，I traveled 30 miles to live closer to my school．But "closer" is a（7） term in Uganda，which（8） I had to get up as the（9） sun rose and then ran 8.8 miles barefoot to school．Also，I needed to carry a stick in（10） of snakes and dogs．During the（11） season，the path to school was（12） daily and I'd swim with one hand，using the other hand to（13） the book bag on my head．
Research shows 70 percent of poor children don't（14） primary school in Uganda．Reasons for this（15） dropout （辍学） rate includes the long（16） some children must（17） among many other reasons．
Fortunately，I've made it whenever I see the sun rise，I am（18） of the wisdom of my mother who（19） me to dream big and to use the（20） of the pen to make my dream come true．
（1） A．degree B．scholarship C．recommendation D．admission
（2） A．recite B．use C．repeat D．guess
（3） A．anxious B．curious C．disappointed D．annoyed
（4） A．tough B．new C．foreign D．old
（5） A．encouraged B．consulted C．blamed D．frightened
（6） A．fly B．turn C．walk D．sail
（7） A．relative B．real C．simple D．technical
（8） A．shows B．means C．proves D．states
（9） A．warm B．early C．bright D．hot
（10） A．search B．possession C．spite D．case
（11） A．summer B．cold C．rainy D．dry
（12） A．damaged B．repaired C．blocked D．flooded
（13） A．drag B．hold C．put D．seize
（14） A．attend B．enter C．complete D．continue
（15） A．constant B．steady C．low D．high
（16） A．distances B．periods C．lists D．stories
（17） A．cover B．consider C．judge D．measure
（18） A．informed B．warmed C．reminded D．told
（19） A．enabled B．inspired C．expected D．intended
（20） A．value B．power C．symbol D．length
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．Parents of twins often say their children are a little unusual or special.But according to 16﹣year﹣old twin Sergio Forlan，there are ways in which some sets of twins are quite amazing.
Here's how Sergio describes his relationship with his twin，Lionel，"Lionel and I have had a very special bond since we were born.When we were very small，we had our own language.Our mom says we used to talk to each other using our own special language.We knew what we were saying，but nobody else understood.Even our mother didn't understand us!As we've gotten older，we've started using telepathy（心灵感应）to communicate.I mean we don't need to speak at all；we just use our minds.We can somehow send messages to each other even when we aren't in the same place.I know it sounds unbelievable，but I've always known when Lionel was in trouble.Once he had a bad fall during a football game.He broke his leg，and when it happened I got this terrible pain in my leg."
Although it sounds strange，telepathy between twins isn't unusual.There has been a lot of research that has proven that some twins have this ability.In one experiment，scientists studied eight﹣year﹣old Richard Powles and his twin brother，Damien.First，they were put in two separate rooms，and Damien was connected to a machine that would check his responses.Richard was then asked to put his arm into freezing cold water.Exactly when Richard put his arm into the water，Damien's response went wild.And it was the same whenever anything surprising or scary happened to Richard—his brother in the other room would have responses，too.
Celebrity twins have reported similar experiences.Actor Ashley Olsen tells us that，even when they are far apart，she knows when her twin sister，Mary﹣Kate，is going through a difficult time.
So，maybe it's true.Maybe some twins don't need words to speak to each other.
（1）What does the underlined word "bond" in paragraph 2 mean？
A．A strong connection.
B．A strange hobby.
C．A lifelong friendship.
D．A general agreement.
（2）How does the writer make readers believe that some twins have the amazing relationship？
A．By comparing research results.
B．By giving different examples.
C．By explaining the possible reasons.
D．By describing his own experiences.
（3）What can be the best title for this passage？
A．Talking Without Speaking
B．Action Speaks Louder than Words
C．Communication Across Languages
D．Telepathy among Family Members
3．When given the choice，about 85% of people say they would not want to know about some negative event far in the future.Yet recently millions around the globe have downloaded FaceApp，which allows users to see how they might age in real life.
Many had fun with it，joking that they love the FaceApp old filter.Beneath the humor is a serious subject：How do we learn to relate to our future selves？It's important that we try to because it could help strengthen the long﹣term decisions that we make.However，we often fail to make sacrifices for the grayer versions of ourselves.
More than half of the respondents（调查对象） in a recent survey of 2，800 Americans said they rarely or never thought about what their lives might be like 30 years from now.This isn't surprising，since most of us are firmly rooted in the present and thinking about the distant future can seem like a distant priority（优先）.My ongoing research might also offer an explanation：We tend to think about our future selves as if they are someone different from who we are today.In an effort to narrow these empathy（共情）gaps，my research workmates and I have tried to humanize（使人性化） people's future selves in the same way others have tried to humanize charity receivers.
Given that a photograph of one hungry child can spark emotional reactions，and cause viewers to donate，we have presented participants with vivid images of their distant selves.
That seems helpful.In a recently completed project in Mexico，we found that exposure to future﹣self images led more people to contribute to their pensions.Despite this research，I'm skeptical that the app users will suddenly increase their pension contributions（养老金供款） and care about their health.The silly app isn't paired with an immediate opportunity to change any of these things.
The lesson from FaceApp shouldn't be that we need to marry hi﹣tech visuals with savings for retirement.The lesson，then，takes the form of a question：What more can be done to urge us to think about，care for who we will one day become？
（1）What can we learn about FaceApp？
A．It provides future﹣self images.
B．It is the most downloaded app.
C．It helps people make decisions.
D．It makes people age in real life.
（2）Why do most respondents rarely think of their future life？
A．They have known future life from FaceApp.
B．They fail to make sacrifices for their future.
C．They attach greater importance to the present.
D．They consider future selves the same as today's.
（3）What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 5 refer to？
A．Completing a project in Mexico.
B．Offering aging images of participants.
C．Raising contributions among viewers.
D．Giving a photograph of a hungry child.
（4）What's the author's attitude to FaceApp？
A．Positive.
B．Doubtful.
C．Ambiguous.
D．Unfavorable.
4．Go.Stop.Go.Stop.The travel signals in my head were conflicting. "Are you sure you want to head to Greece this November with Kathleen？" asked my husband. "The weather could be unpleasant."
"You must go，" said my friend Larry，who talked about having spent Thanksgiving on Santorini. "It's a wonderland."
With his encouraging words，I booked our flights to Athens and included two Greek islands：Santorini and Crete.
A sunny Saturday afternoon welcomed us to Eleftherios Venizelos Airport in Athens.During the next few days Kathleen and I tried a lot of unknown﹣to﹣us foods.No annoying lines of tourists either as we saw sights on the Athens "A" list.
And then came Wednesday.The flight to Santorini was yo﹣yoed by wind gusts of up to 40 miles an hour.Fira，usually a much﹣photographed tourist destination was chilly，rainy...empty.With rain beating our faces，Kathleen and I headed for our hotel and checked in for a three﹣night stay.
"This isn't how I want to spend my holiday，" said Kathleen. "Maybe Crete isn't experiencing the same storm.Can we fly out later today？"
Her question mirrored my own thoughts.But we couldn't leave.We'd just arrived.Payments for the hotel and rental car would be lost and costly last﹣minute plane reservations needed. "Let's not decide right now." I suggested.
During the next few days，we drove around despite the showers.At a restaurant named Poseidon on our third night we waited and waited for dinner. "Your dinner will be out shortly.The chef was busy studying something beautiful，" our waiter explained.
Seeing our puzzled look，the waiter then said，"He went out for a smoke，saw a beautiful girl and began to chat..."
Suddenly，Kathleen laughed.Instead of complaining，she leaned back and out came a loud，happy sound.
An attitude adjustment into grace（优雅），I realized，had been happening since our arrival. "You know，Mum，you can't live a positive life with a negative mind，" she said.
Grace surrounds us.The challenge is to let go of anxieties and worries，the tendency to complain.A sunny attitude can let grace shine.
（1）What did the author's husband think about her trip to Greece？
A．It was pleasant.
B．It was ill﹣advised.
C．It would be costly.
D．It would be eye﹣opening.
（2）How were the author's first few days in Greece？
A．Delightful.
B．Busy.
C．Struggling.
D．Annoying.
（3）Why did Kathleen laugh at the restaurant Poseidon？
A．She got excellent service.
B．She enjoyed the food there.
C．She wanted to comfort the waiter.
D．She saw the humor of the situation.
（4）What does the author want to show by telling her experience？
A．The role of grace.
B．The benefits of travelling.
C．The power of positive thinking.
D．The importance of understanding.
5．On October 20，British adventurer Tom Morgan went up over South Africa seated in a camp chair fastened to 100 helium balloons.During the two﹣hour flight，the balloonist covered 16 miles and reached heights of up to 8，000 feet.Though Morgan later called the experience "unbelievably cool"，he did admit feeling "somewhere between terrified and delighted" during the flight.
Morgan，the founder of the League of Adventurists，a British group whose mission is to make the world "less boring"，says the flight was initially supposed to take off from Botswana.However，after strong winds tore the balloons three times，the team decided to attempt it from the outskirts（郊区） of Johannesburg.Given that they only had enough helium（氦） left for one more try，Morgan was happy he was finally able to complete the flight without any unlucky accidents.
The adventurer says though the helium flight appears similar to Carl Fredricksen's house flight in Pixar's "Up"，his inspiration came from an article on a 1905 gas balloon race.Morgan and his League of Adventurists now hope to add cluster balloon racing to their list of exciting events，which double as fundraisers.
Though Morgan is the first to think of introducing helium balloon﹣powered flights as a sport，he isn't the first person to attempt the dangerous feat.US adventurer Jonathan Trappe has completed numerous such flights，including one across the English Channel.In 2010，Oregon pilot Kent Couch even took a friend along on an attached chair.A year later，National Geographic repeated the scene from "Up" by using helium balloons to fly a small house，complete with two brave residents，across North America's Mojave Desert.
（1）Paragraph 1 mainly serves as a（n） .
A．introduction
B．summary
C．praise
D．example
（2）Why did the flight start from the outskirt of Johannesburg？
A．It's convenient to travel.
B．Its scenery is impressive.
C．It can draw more visitors.
D．Its weather is very fine.
（3）What caused Morgan to start the adventure？
A．A British group's encouragement.
B．Carl Fredricksen's flight.
C．An article on a gas balloon race.
D．The eagerness to raise money.
（4）Who has rich experience in helium balloon's flight？
A．Jonathan Trappe.
B．Kent Couch.
C．National Geographic.
D．Mojave Desert.
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．On any given day，many of us wrestle with our fears．We might be considering changing a job，telling someone we love them or wanting to speak up for what's right when we see injustice （不公正）．（1） Or it says that we don't have the ability to create the life or world we want to have．The cycle often plays out in the same way．
So，what should we do？ （2） Instead，we can choose to accept fear as part of the process of change and practice courage．Though courage is often thought of as an inborn character，it's actually a practice that can be learned for dealing with difficulty．（3） Here are two useful tips for dealing with fear and moving closer to courage．
Listen without attachment．Many of us who are stuck in fear have an inner critic （批评家），constantly telling us we'll fail．Sometimes we adopt approaches to removing it．（4） However，if we can take time to listen to our inner critic without attachment﹣without the need to ignore or accept what it is saying﹣we're in a better position to learn from it．
（5） Creating courageous communities gives us the support to face challenges．Sometimes our stories get in our way，and we need people who are doing similar work to help us see where we're getting stuck or what we're truly good at．
A．Fear shows up in the body．
B．You'll be more likely to make the changes．
C．In other words，courage can become a habit．
D．Don't see fear as bad or try to remove it when it arises．
E．But a voice within us pipes up saying that there's no point．
F．While we can get temporary relief，they don't actually make the critic go away．
G．Surround yourself with like﹣minded people who also honor the values of courage．
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（1） （watch） Shackleton and the boat sailing away from Elephant Island，we felt so alone and desperate.There was nothing like a good dinner and some music （2） （cheer） us up.Life fell into a regular pattern. （3） （stay） alive took all our time and energy.Food was also a problem，（4） we did not find any vegetables or fruit on the island.We had to be careful not to go outside too often as the （5） （change） temperatures could make us ill.Many of us became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat we burnt for our fires，（6） damaged our eyes and burnt our lungs.The twenty﹣two of us lived like this in the cold for four months.Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal （7） our fears in a positive and successful way.This was an episode in my life that I would never forget.When we were finally rescued，we felt such relief and joy（8） many of us could not hide our tears.Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us（9） （perseverance）in staying alive.And he paid us back by his （10） （commit） to save us from a slow but painful death.
五．单词拼写（共5小题）
8．（2024秋 越秀区期末）The guides are fully （具备资格） to take groups anywhere on these mountains.
9．He was a happy， （脾气好的）boy.
10．There is no light in the room. （他可能外出了吗）？
11．All the （候选人） came across badly on TV.
12．I was very （对……热心） the lecture，but his remark on it made me disappointed.
六．书面表达（共2小题）
13．（2024秋 梁平区模拟）假定你是李华。为了弘扬以"埋头苦干、勇挑重担、永不懈怠、一往无前"为核心的"泰山挑山工"精神，你校文学社组织开展了以"To Be a Qualified Mountain Porter"为题的征文比赛。请你结合要点提示，写一篇英语征文，内容如下：
●生活上：勇敢面对挫折，乐观向上；
●学习中：敢于挑战，困难面前永不言弃；
●……
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头及标题已给出，不计入总词数。
To Be a Qualified Mountain Porter
Nowadays，the spirit of Mountain Porters has spread around China._________
14．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。
Great Adventurers to Mount Qomolangma
Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay made the impossible possible.They have been on top of the world.They climbed Mount Qomolangma!Tenzing Norgay is among the world's famous mountain climbers；he was one of the first two individuals who reached the summit of Mount Qomolangma with Sir Edmund Hillary on May 29，1953.
In 1935，he got an opportunity to join in the Mount Qomolangma expedition.He was employed by Eric Shipton.In 1953 he took part in the seventh expedition to Mount Qomolangma.A member of the team，Edmund Hillary was also there.This expedition took 400 people，of which 362 were porters.The expedition set up base camp in March，1953.Working slowly it set up its final camp at the South Col at 7，890 m.On May 26 Bourdillon and Evans attempted the climb but turned back when Evans' oxygen system failed.The pair had reached the South Summit，coming within 91 m of the summit.Hunt then directed Norgay and Hillary to go for the summit.Snow and wind held the pair up at the South Col for two days.They set out on May 28 with a support trio of Alfred Gregory，Ang Nyima and a member called Lowe.The two pitched a tent at 8，500 m on May 28 while their support group returned down the mountain.
On the following morning Hillary discovered that his boots had frozen solid outside the tent.He spent two hours warming them before he and Norgay attempted the final ascent wearing 14 kg packs.They finally reached the summit but only spent fifteen minutes there.Hillary took the famous photo of Norgay posing with his ice﹣axe，but since Norgay had never used a camera，Hillary's ascent went unrecorded.Additional photos were taken looking down the mountain in order to reassure that they had made it to the top and that the ascent was not faked.
The two had to take care on the descent after discovering that drifting snow had covered their tracks，complicating the task of retracing their steps.The first person they met was Lowe，who had climbed up to meet them with hot soup.Then they climbed on down the mountain.
After a lot of struggles they stood on the top of Mount Qomolangma.They have been on top of the world!
Unit 4 Adversity and Courage
参考答案与试题解析
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．It's 27 years since my last conversation with my mother，who didn't finish school like many of her contemporary girls．She often told me， "I never got my（1） A but one day you will．"
Pointing to a tree or cow，she asked me to（2） C their English names after her．Feeling（3） D I asked，Mama，why do I have to learn these（4） C phrases？She held her pen right before my eyes．Hold it firmly，she（5） A me，for this pen and the new foreign language will be your compass to（6） D around the world．Sadly，my mother died of breast cancer when I was six．
Turning seven，I traveled 30 miles to live closer to my school．But "closer" is a（7） A term in Uganda，which（8） B I had to get up as the（9） B sun rose and then ran 8.8 miles barefoot to school．Also，I needed to carry a stick in（10） D of snakes and dogs．During the（11） C season，the path to school was（12） D daily and I'd swim with one hand，using the other hand to（13） B the book bag on my head．
Research shows 70 percent of poor children don't（14） C primary school in Uganda．Reasons for this（15） D dropout （辍学） rate includes the long（16） A some children must（17） A among many other reasons．
Fortunately，I've made it whenever I see the sun rise，I am（18） C of the wisdom of my mother who（19） B me to dream big and to use the（20） B of the pen to make my dream come true．
（1） A．degree B．scholarship C．recommendation D．admission
（2） A．recite B．use C．repeat D．guess
（3） A．anxious B．curious C．disappointed D．annoyed
（4） A．tough B．new C．foreign D．old
（5） A．encouraged B．consulted C．blamed D．frightened
（6） A．fly B．turn C．walk D．sail
（7） A．relative B．real C．simple D．technical
（8） A．shows B．means C．proves D．states
（9） A．warm B．early C．bright D．hot
（10） A．search B．possession C．spite D．case
（11） A．summer B．cold C．rainy D．dry
（12） A．damaged B．repaired C．blocked D．flooded
（13） A．drag B．hold C．put D．seize
（14） A．attend B．enter C．complete D．continue
（15） A．constant B．steady C．low D．high
（16） A．distances B．periods C．lists D．stories
（17） A．cover B．consider C．judge D．measure
（18） A．informed B．warmed C．reminded D．told
（19） A．enabled B．inspired C．expected D．intended
（20） A．value B．power C．symbol D．length
【答案】（1）﹣（5）ACDCA （6）﹣（10）DABBD （11）﹣（15）CDBCD （16）﹣（20）AACBB
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。出生于乌干达的作者从小被母亲教育要用笔和新外语的力量，来走遍世界。因此当作者七岁时，每天和太阳一起起床，徒步行走8.8英里去上学。在雨季，作者一边游泳，一边用手把书包拿在头顶上。在乌干达，有70%的学生因为长途跋涉而没能上完小学，而作者做到了，而每当看到太阳升起时，作者总会想到母亲教育自己要有远大梦想的智慧。
【解答】（1）A.考查名词及语境理解。A．degree学位；B．scholarship奖学金；C．recommendation推荐；D．admission录用。句意：我从来没有获得过学位，但是有一天你会。根据上文It's 27 years since my last mother，who didn't finish school like many of her contemporary girls.可知母亲没能完成学业，因此没有获得学位。故选A。
（2）C.考查动词及语境理解。A．recite背诵；B．use使用；C．repeat重复；D．guess猜测。句意：她指着一棵树或一头牛，让我跟着她重复它们的英文名字。根据下文 why do I have to learn these ____phrases？可知，母亲让我跟着她重复它们的英文名字。故选C。
（3）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A．anxious焦虑的；B．curious好奇的；C．disappointed失望的；D．annoyed恼怒的。句意：感到恼火，我问妈妈，"妈妈，为什么我要学这些外语短语？"根据下文 why do I have to learn these ________ phrases？可知作者对母亲的行为感到很恼怒烦躁。故选D。
（4）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A．tough艰难的；B．new新的；C．foreign国外的；D．old老的。句意：感到恼火，我问妈妈，"妈妈，为什么我要学这些外语短语？"根据下文the new foreign language可知对于作者而已这些都是国外的短语。故选C。
（5）A.考查动词及语境理解。A．encouraged鼓励；B．consulted咨询；C．blamed责备；D．frightened害怕。句意："握紧笔，"她鼓励我。根据下文new foreign language will be your compass可知母亲是在鼓励我，故选A。
（6）D.考查动词及语境理解。A．fly飞翔；B．turn转向；C．walk步行；D．sail航行。句意：因为笔和新的外语将是你环游世界的指南针。根据空前的your compass to可知，母亲把笔和外语比作环游世界的指南针。故选D。
（7）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A．relative相对的；B．real真的；C．simple简单的；D．technical技术上的。句意：但是"更近"在乌干达是一个相对的术语。根据上文 I traveled 30 miles to live closer to my school.可知，"更近"在乌干达是一个相对的术语。故选A。
（8）B.考查动词及语境理解。A．shows展示；B．means意味着；C．proves证明；D．states声明。句意：这也意味着我必须起得和太阳一样早。根据上文But "closer" is a ____term in Uganda，可知，这意味着我必须起得和太阳一样早。故选B。
（9）B.考查形容词及语境理解。A．warm温暖的；B．early早的；C．bright明亮的；D．hot热的。句意：这也意味着我必须起得和太阳一样早。根据上文I had to get up 可知，作者要和太阳起得一样早。故选B。
（10）D.考查名词及语境理解。A．search搜寻；B．possession财产；C．spite恶意；D．case情况。句意：此外，我需要携带一根棍子，以防蛇和狗。携带一根棍子，以防遇到蛇和狗。in case of"万一"，故选D。
（11）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A．summer夏季的；B．cold寒冷的；C．rainy下雨的；D．dry干的。句意：在雨季，去学校的路经常被水淹没。根据下文I'd swim with one hand可知在雨季期间，故选C。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A．damaged破坏；B．repaired修理；C．blocked堵塞；D．flooded淹没。句意：在雨季，去学校的路经常被水淹没。I'd swim with one hand得知在雨季，我不得不游泳才能通过被水淹没的路。故选D。
（13）B.考查动词及语境理解。A．drag拖；B．hold握住；C．put放置；D．seize抓住。句意：我一只手游泳，而另一个手握住放在我的头上的书包。根据空后的the book bag on my head可知，作者另一个手握住放在他的头上的书包。故选B。
（14）C.考查动词及语境理解。A．attend参加；B．enter进入；C．complete完成；D．continue继续。句意：研究表明，乌干达70%的贫困儿童没有完成小学学业。根据空前的70 percent of poor children 可知，乌干达有很多贫困儿童没有完成小学学业。故选C。
（15）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A．constant不变的；B．steady稳定的；C．low低的；D．high高的。句意：辍学率如此之高的原因包括，在许多其他原因中，有些孩子必须长途跋涉。根据上文Research shows 70 percent of poor children don't _____primary school in Uganda可知辍学率很高，故选D。
（16）A.考查名词及语境理解。A．distances距离；B．periods时期；C．lists列表；D．stories故事。句意：辍学率如此之高的原因包括：有些孩子必须长途跋涉。根据上文long以及文章内容可知，一些孩子上学必须要走很远的距离。故选A。
（17）A.考查动词及语境理解。A．cover覆盖；行走；B．consider考虑；C．judge判断；D．measure测量。句意：辍学率如此之高的原因包括：有些孩子必须长途跋涉。有些孩子必须长途跋涉。cover表示走一段路程，故选A。
（18）C.考查动词及语境理解。A．informed通知；B．warned警告；C．reminded提醒；想起；D．told告诉。句意：每当我看到太阳升起，我就会想起我母亲的智慧。be reminded of"想起"，故选C。
（19）B.考查动词及语境理解。A．enabled能够；B．inspired鼓舞；C．expected期待；D．intended打算。句意：母亲鼓舞我要有远大梦想。根据上文for this pen and the new foreign language will be your compass to ________ around the world.可知，作者母亲在世时一直鼓励作者要有理想。故选B。
（20）B.考查名词及语境理解。A．value价值；B．power力量；C．symbol符号；D．length长度。句意：用笔的力量使我的梦想成真。根据上文for this pen and the new foreign language will be your compass to ________ around the world.可知，作者的母亲一直鼓励作者，凭借笔的力量实现梦想，故选B。
【点评】完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应及语境。
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．Parents of twins often say their children are a little unusual or special.But according to 16﹣year﹣old twin Sergio Forlan，there are ways in which some sets of twins are quite amazing.
Here's how Sergio describes his relationship with his twin，Lionel，"Lionel and I have had a very special bond since we were born.When we were very small，we had our own language.Our mom says we used to talk to each other using our own special language.We knew what we were saying，but nobody else understood.Even our mother didn't understand us!As we've gotten older，we've started using telepathy（心灵感应）to communicate.I mean we don't need to speak at all；we just use our minds.We can somehow send messages to each other even when we aren't in the same place.I know it sounds unbelievable，but I've always known when Lionel was in trouble.Once he had a bad fall during a football game.He broke his leg，and when it happened I got this terrible pain in my leg."
Although it sounds strange，telepathy between twins isn't unusual.There has been a lot of research that has proven that some twins have this ability.In one experiment，scientists studied eight﹣year﹣old Richard Powles and his twin brother，Damien.First，they were put in two separate rooms，and Damien was connected to a machine that would check his responses.Richard was then asked to put his arm into freezing cold water.Exactly when Richard put his arm into the water，Damien's response went wild.And it was the same whenever anything surprising or scary happened to Richard—his brother in the other room would have responses，too.
Celebrity twins have reported similar experiences.Actor Ashley Olsen tells us that，even when they are far apart，she knows when her twin sister，Mary﹣Kate，is going through a difficult time.
So，maybe it's true.Maybe some twins don't need words to speak to each other.
（1）What does the underlined word "bond" in paragraph 2 mean？ A
A．A strong connection.
B．A strange hobby.
C．A lifelong friendship.
D．A general agreement.
（2）How does the writer make readers believe that some twins have the amazing relationship？ A
A．By comparing research results.
B．By giving different examples.
C．By explaining the possible reasons.
D．By describing his own experiences.
（3）What can be the best title for this passage？ A
A．Talking Without Speaking
B．Action Speaks Louder than Words
C．Communication Across Languages
D．Telepathy among Family Members
【答案】AAA
【分析】本文是说明文。双胞胎之间有许多相似处，甚至他们之间还有特殊的交流方式。研究发现即使分开成长的双胞胎也有许多特殊相似性，这种特殊相似性与他们的成长环境并没有密切的联系。这其中有天性也存在巧合的成分。
【解答】（1）A.词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句子Lionel and I have had a very special bond since we were born.When we were very small，we had our own language.Our mom says we used to talk to each other using our own special language.（莱昂内尔和我从出生起就有着非常特殊的联系。当我们很小的时候，我们有自己的语言。我们妈妈说我们以前用自己的特殊语言交谈。）可知bond意为"一种强烈的联系"。A.A strong connection一种强烈的联系；B.A strange hobby一种奇怪的爱好；C.A lifelong friendship一种终身的友谊；D.A general agreement一般协议。故选A。
（2）A.写作手法题。根据第三段In one experiment，scientists studied eight﹣year﹣old Richard Powles and his twin brother，Damien.First，they were put in two separate rooms，and Damien was connected to a machine that would check his responses.Richard was then asked to put his arm into freezing cold water.Exactly when Richard put his arm into the water，Damien's response went wild.And it was the same whenever anything surprising or scary happened to Richard—his brother in the other room would have responses，too.（在一项实验中，科学家研究了8岁的理查德 鲍尔斯和他的双胞胎兄弟达米恩。首先，他们被放在两个单独的房间里，达米安被连接到一台机器上，机器会检查他的反应。然后，理查德被要求将他的手臂放入冰冷的水中。就在理查德把手伸入水中的时候，达米恩的反应很疯狂。同样，每当理查德身上发生任何令人惊讶或恐怖的事情，他在另一个房间的弟弟也会有反应。）可知，作者通过对比研究结果使读者相信双胞胎有惊人的关系。故选A。
（3）A.标题判断题。根据全文和最后一段So，maybe it's true.Maybe some twins don't need words to speak to each other.（所以，也许这是真的。也许有些双胞胎不需要言语来彼此交谈。）可知，文章主要介绍双胞胎可以不用通过说话交流。Talking Without Speaking（不说话交流）是最好的交流。故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
3．When given the choice，about 85% of people say they would not want to know about some negative event far in the future.Yet recently millions around the globe have downloaded FaceApp，which allows users to see how they might age in real life.
Many had fun with it，joking that they love the FaceApp old filter.Beneath the humor is a serious subject：How do we learn to relate to our future selves？It's important that we try to because it could help strengthen the long﹣term decisions that we make.However，we often fail to make sacrifices for the grayer versions of ourselves.
More than half of the respondents（调查对象） in a recent survey of 2，800 Americans said they rarely or never thought about what their lives might be like 30 years from now.This isn't surprising，since most of us are firmly rooted in the present and thinking about the distant future can seem like a distant priority（优先）.My ongoing research might also offer an explanation：We tend to think about our future selves as if they are someone different from who we are today.In an effort to narrow these empathy（共情）gaps，my research workmates and I have tried to humanize（使人性化） people's future selves in the same way others have tried to humanize charity receivers.
Given that a photograph of one hungry child can spark emotional reactions，and cause viewers to donate，we have presented participants with vivid images of their distant selves.
That seems helpful.In a recently completed project in Mexico，we found that exposure to future﹣self images led more people to contribute to their pensions.Despite this research，I'm skeptical that the app users will suddenly increase their pension contributions（养老金供款） and care about their health.The silly app isn't paired with an immediate opportunity to change any of these things.
The lesson from FaceApp shouldn't be that we need to marry hi﹣tech visuals with savings for retirement.The lesson，then，takes the form of a question：What more can be done to urge us to think about，care for who we will one day become？
（1）What can we learn about FaceApp？ A
A．It provides future﹣self images.
B．It is the most downloaded app.
C．It helps people make decisions.
D．It makes people age in real life.
（2）Why do most respondents rarely think of their future life？ C
A．They have known future life from FaceApp.
B．They fail to make sacrifices for their future.
C．They attach greater importance to the present.
D．They consider future selves the same as today's.
（3）What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 5 refer to？ B
A．Completing a project in Mexico.
B．Offering aging images of participants.
C．Raising contributions among viewers.
D．Giving a photograph of a hungry child.
（4）What's the author's attitude to FaceApp？ D
A．Positive.
B．Doubtful.
C．Ambiguous.
D．Unfavorable.
【答案】ACBD
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一款APP，他能让你看到未来的自己，但是作者对这个程序是不支持的。
【解答】（1）A．推理判断题。根据第一段When given the choice，about 85% of people say they would not want to know about some negative event far in the future.Yet recently millions around the globe have downloaded FaceApp，which allows users to see how they might age in real life.当有选择的时候，大约85%的人说他们不想知道在遥远的将来会发生什么负面事件，但是最近全球有数百万人下载了FaceApp，它允许用户看到他们在现实生活中的年龄。可知FaceApp提供了未来的自我形象。故选A。
（2）C．细节理解题。根据第三段" This isn't surprising，since most of us are firmly rooted in the present and thinking about the distant future can seem like a distant priority （优先）．这并不奇怪，因为我们大多数人都牢牢地扎根于现在，思考遥远的未来似乎是一个遥远的优先事项。可知大多数受访者很少想到自己的未来生活是因为他们更加重视现在。故选C。
（3）B．代词指代题。根据划线词所在的句子以及上一句" Given that a photograph of one hungry child can spark emotional reactions，and cause viewers to donate，we have presented participants with vivid images of their distant selves.That seems helpful.In a recently completed project in Mexico，we found that exposure to future﹣self images led more people to contribute to their pensions.考虑到一张饥饿儿童的照片会引发情感反应，并引起观众的捐赠，我们向参与者展示了他们遥远自我的生动形象。这似乎很有帮助。在墨西哥最近完成的一个项目中，我们发现，接触未来的自我形象会让更多的人为自己的养老金捐款。这里的 vivid images of their distant selves应该指的是年老的照片，所以that指代的是提供参与者的老化图象。故选B。
（4）D．观点态度题。根据倒数第二段"Despite this research，I'm skeptical that the app users will suddenly increase their pension contributions and care about their health.The silly app isn't paired with an immediate opportunity to change any of these things.尽管进行了这项研究，但我还是怀疑应用程序用户会突然增加养老金的缴纳并关心自己的健康，这个愚蠢的应用程序并没有立即改变这些事情的机会。可知作者对这个程序是不支持的。A.Positive积极的；B.Doubtful怀疑的；C.Ambiguous模棱两可的；D.Unfavorable不支持的。故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
4．Go.Stop.Go.Stop.The travel signals in my head were conflicting. "Are you sure you want to head to Greece this November with Kathleen？" asked my husband. "The weather could be unpleasant."
"You must go，" said my friend Larry，who talked about having spent Thanksgiving on Santorini. "It's a wonderland."
With his encouraging words，I booked our flights to Athens and included two Greek islands：Santorini and Crete.
A sunny Saturday afternoon welcomed us to Eleftherios Venizelos Airport in Athens.During the next few days Kathleen and I tried a lot of unknown﹣to﹣us foods.No annoying lines of tourists either as we saw sights on the Athens "A" list.
And then came Wednesday.The flight to Santorini was yo﹣yoed by wind gusts of up to 40 miles an hour.Fira，usually a much﹣photographed tourist destination was chilly，rainy...empty.With rain beating our faces，Kathleen and I headed for our hotel and checked in for a three﹣night stay.
"This isn't how I want to spend my holiday，" said Kathleen. "Maybe Crete isn't experiencing the same storm.Can we fly out later today？"
Her question mirrored my own thoughts.But we couldn't leave.We'd just arrived.Payments for the hotel and rental car would be lost and costly last﹣minute plane reservations needed. "Let's not decide right now." I suggested.
During the next few days，we drove around despite the showers.At a restaurant named Poseidon on our third night we waited and waited for dinner. "Your dinner will be out shortly.The chef was busy studying something beautiful，" our waiter explained.
Seeing our puzzled look，the waiter then said，"He went out for a smoke，saw a beautiful girl and began to chat..."
Suddenly，Kathleen laughed.Instead of complaining，she leaned back and out came a loud，happy sound.
An attitude adjustment into grace（优雅），I realized，had been happening since our arrival. "You know，Mum，you can't live a positive life with a negative mind，" she said.
Grace surrounds us.The challenge is to let go of anxieties and worries，the tendency to complain.A sunny attitude can let grace shine.
（1）What did the author's husband think about her trip to Greece？ B
A．It was pleasant.
B．It was ill﹣advised.
C．It would be costly.
D．It would be eye﹣opening.
（2）How were the author's first few days in Greece？ A
A．Delightful.
B．Busy.
C．Struggling.
D．Annoying.
（3）Why did Kathleen laugh at the restaurant Poseidon？ D
A．She got excellent service.
B．She enjoyed the food there.
C．She wanted to comfort the waiter.
D．She saw the humor of the situation.
（4）What does the author want to show by telling her experience？ C
A．The role of grace.
B．The benefits of travelling.
C．The power of positive thinking.
D．The importance of understanding.
【答案】BADC
【分析】本文属于记叙文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了作者和朋友的希腊之行，明白了积极思考的重要性。
【解答】（1）B．推理判断题。根据文章第一段 "Are you sure you want to head to Greece this November with Kathleen？" asked my husband. "The weather could be unpleasant.""你确定今年11月要和凯瑟琳一起去希腊吗？"我丈夫问。"天气可能不好。"可知作者的丈夫认为她的希腊之行是不明智的。故选B。
（2）A．推理判断题。根据文章第四段 During the next few days Kathleen and I tried a lot of unknown﹣to﹣us foods.No annoying lines of tourists either as we saw sights on the Athens "A" list.在接下来的几天里，凯瑟琳和我尝试了很多未知的食物。当我们看到雅典的景点时，也没有令人讨厌的游客队伍。可知 作者在希腊的头几天是令人愉快的。故选A。
（3）D．细节理解题。根据文章倒数三四段Seeing our puzzled look，the waiter then said，"He went out for a smoke，saw a beautiful girl and began to chat..."Suddenly，Kathleen laughed.Instead of complaining，she leaned back and out came a loud，happy sound.看到我们困惑的表情，服务员说："他出去抽烟，看到一个漂亮的女孩，然后就聊起来了……"突然，凯萨琳大笑起来。她没有抱怨，而是向后靠了靠，外面传来了响亮、愉快的声音。可知Kathleen在这个饭店笑了，因为她觉得氛围幽默。故选D。
（4）C．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段An attitude adjustment into grace，I realized，had been happening since our arrival. "You know，Mum，you can't live a positive life with a negative mind，'' she said.我意识到，自从我们到达后，态度就开始转变为优雅。 "你知道，妈妈，你不能用消极的心态过积极的生活，"她说。可知作者想通过讲述自己的经历来展示积极思考的力量。故选C。
【点评】阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。
其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
5．On October 20，British adventurer Tom Morgan went up over South Africa seated in a camp chair fastened to 100 helium balloons.During the two﹣hour flight，the balloonist covered 16 miles and reached heights of up to 8，000 feet.Though Morgan later called the experience "unbelievably cool"，he did admit feeling "somewhere between terrified and delighted" during the flight.
Morgan，the founder of the League of Adventurists，a British group whose mission is to make the world "less boring"，says the flight was initially supposed to take off from Botswana.However，after strong winds tore the balloons three times，the team decided to attempt it from the outskirts（郊区） of Johannesburg.Given that they only had enough helium（氦） left for one more try，Morgan was happy he was finally able to complete the flight without any unlucky accidents.
The adventurer says though the helium flight appears similar to Carl Fredricksen's house flight in Pixar's "Up"，his inspiration came from an article on a 1905 gas balloon race.Morgan and his League of Adventurists now hope to add cluster balloon racing to their list of exciting events，which double as fundraisers.
Though Morgan is the first to think of introducing helium balloon﹣powered flights as a sport，he isn't the first person to attempt the dangerous feat.US adventurer Jonathan Trappe has completed numerous such flights，including one across the English Channel.In 2010，Oregon pilot Kent Couch even took a friend along on an attached chair.A year later，National Geographic repeated the scene from "Up" by using helium balloons to fly a small house，complete with two brave residents，across North America's Mojave Desert.
（1）Paragraph 1 mainly serves as a（n） A .
A．introduction
B．summary
C．praise
D．example
（2）Why did the flight start from the outskirt of Johannesburg？ D
A．It's convenient to travel.
B．Its scenery is impressive.
C．It can draw more visitors.
D．Its weather is very fine.
（3）What caused Morgan to start the adventure？ C
A．A British group's encouragement.
B．Carl Fredricksen's flight.
C．An article on a gas balloon race.
D．The eagerness to raise money.
（4）Who has rich experience in helium balloon's flight？ A
A．Jonathan Trappe.
B．Kent Couch.
C．National Geographic.
D．Mojave Desert.
【答案】ADCA
【分析】本文是一篇人物故事类阅读理解，介绍了英国冒险家Tom Morgan乘氦气球旅行。
【解答】（1）A.推理判断题。第一段提到"British adventurer Tom Morgan went up over South Africa"与"During the two﹣hour flight，the balloonist covered 16 miles and reached heights of up to 8，000 feet."（英国冒险家汤姆 摩根在两个小时的飞行中飞越了南非，气球飞行了16英里，高度达到8000英尺）之后文章就此展开，由此可知，第一段的作用是引入。结合选项A.introduction介绍；B.summary总结；C.praise表扬；D.example例子，由此可知答案选A.
（2）D.推理判断题。根据第二段中的"However，after strong winds tore the balloons three times，the team decided to attempt it from the outskirts of Johannesburg."（然而，在强风三次撕扯气球后，研究小组决定从约翰内斯堡郊区进行尝试）可知航班从约翰内斯堡郊区起飞，因为那里的天气很好，由此可知答案选D.
（3）C.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"his inspiration came from an article on a 1905 gas balloon race"（他的灵感来自一篇关于1905年一次气球竞赛的文章）可知一篇关于气体气球竞赛的文章促使摩根开始了这次冒险，由此可知答案选C.
（4）A.细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Jonathan Trappe has completed numerous such flights"（乔纳森 特拉普已经完成了许多这样的飞行）可知，Jonathan Trappe在氦气球飞行方面经验丰富。故选A.
【点评】考查人物故事类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．On any given day，many of us wrestle with our fears．We might be considering changing a job，telling someone we love them or wanting to speak up for what's right when we see injustice （不公正）．（1） E Or it says that we don't have the ability to create the life or world we want to have．The cycle often plays out in the same way．
So，what should we do？ （2） D Instead，we can choose to accept fear as part of the process of change and practice courage．Though courage is often thought of as an inborn character，it's actually a practice that can be learned for dealing with difficulty．（3） C Here are two useful tips for dealing with fear and moving closer to courage．
Listen without attachment．Many of us who are stuck in fear have an inner critic （批评家），constantly telling us we'll fail．Sometimes we adopt approaches to removing it．（4） F However，if we can take time to listen to our inner critic without attachment﹣without the need to ignore or accept what it is saying﹣we're in a better position to learn from it．
（5） G Creating courageous communities gives us the support to face challenges．Sometimes our stories get in our way，and we need people who are doing similar work to help us see where we're getting stuck or what we're truly good at．
A．Fear shows up in the body．
B．You'll be more likely to make the changes．
C．In other words，courage can become a habit．
D．Don't see fear as bad or try to remove it when it arises．
E．But a voice within us pipes up saying that there's no point．
F．While we can get temporary relief，they don't actually make the critic go away．
G．Surround yourself with like﹣minded people who also honor the values of courage．
【答案】EDCFG
【分析】本文是一篇选句填空，文章主要介绍了在任何一天，我们中的许多人都会与恐惧作斗争，我们可能会考虑换个工作，告诉某人我们爱他们，或者当我们看到不公时想为正确的事情说话。但我们内心深处有一种声音在说没什么意义，或者它说我们没有能力创造我们想要的生活或世界。经常以同样的方式循环进行。
【解答】（1）E．细节理解题。根据前文"We might be considering changing a job，telling someone we love them or wanting to speak up for what's right when we see injustice "．我们可能会考虑换个工作，告诉某人我们爱他们，或者当我们看到不公平时想为正确的事情说话。可知此处应填E项"但我们内心深处有一种声音在说没什么意义"。故选E。
（2）D．细节理解题。根据前文"So，what should we do？"那么，我们该怎么办。可知此处应填D项"不要把恐惧看成是坏事，或者在它出现时试着消除它"。故选D。
（3）C．细节理解题。根据前文"Though courage is often thought of as an inborn character，it's actually a practice that can be learned for dealing with difficulty."尽管勇气常常被认为是一种天生的品质，但它实际上是一种可以用来对付困难的练习。可知此处应填C项"换句话说，勇气可以成为一种习惯"。故选C。
（4）F．推理判断题。根据前文" Sometimes we adopt approaches to removing it."有时我们会采取一些方法来消除它。可知此处应填F项"虽然我们可以得到暂时的解脱，但他们并没有真正让批评者走开"。故选F。
（5）G．推理判断题。根据下文"Creating courageous communities gives us the support to face challenges.创建勇敢的社区为我们迎接挑战提供了支持"。可知此处应填G项"周围有志同道合的人，他们也尊重勇气的价值观"。故选G。
【点评】七选五题型看似简单，实际上有时完全做对并不容易，需要方法和分析能力及足够的耐力，有必要进行专门练习。首先，快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置；其次，快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构，分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意；其三，注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词，七选五备选答案中有两个多余的选项，会对文章中两个空的选择构成干扰，这时要特别细致地比对相似选项；最后，用代入法，检查答案是否合理，将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（1） Watching （watch） Shackleton and the boat sailing away from Elephant Island，we felt so alone and desperate.There was nothing like a good dinner and some music （2） to cheer （cheer） us up.Life fell into a regular pattern. （3） Staying （stay） alive took all our time and energy.Food was also a problem，（4） because we did not find any vegetables or fruit on the island.We had to be careful not to go outside too often as the （5） changeable （change） temperatures could make us ill.Many of us became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat we burnt for our fires，（6） which damaged our eyes and burnt our lungs.The twenty﹣two of us lived like this in the cold for four months.Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal （7） with our fears in a positive and successful way.This was an episode in my life that I would never forget.When we were finally rescued，we felt such relief and joy（8） that many of us could not hide our tears.Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us（9） （to）persevere （perseverance）in staying alive.And he paid us back by his （10） commitment （commit） to save us from a slow but painful death.
【答案】（1）Watching（2）to cheer（3）Staying（4）because（5）changeable（6）which（7）with（8）that（9）（to）persevere（10）commitment
【分析】本文讲述作者在一个荒岛上凭借信念生存下来，最终获救的过程。
【解答】（1）Watching.考查现在分词。句意：看着沙克尔顿和船离开象岛，我们感到如此的孤独和绝望。watch和主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故填Watching。
（2）to cheer.考查不定式。句意：没有什么比一顿丰盛的晚餐和一些音乐更能使我们振作起来了。there is nothing to do，不定式作后置定语修饰不定代词，故填to cheer。
（3）Staying.考查动名词。句意：活着花了我们所有的时间和精力。作主语，所以用动名词，故填Staying。
（4）because.考查连词。句意：食物也是个问题，因为我们在岛上找不到任何蔬菜或水果。前后是因果关系，表示"因为"，故填because。
（5）changeable.考查形容词。句意：我们必须小心不要经常外出，因为多变的温度会使我们生病。作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词，故填changeable。
（6）which.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我们许多人因为燃烧动物脂肪产生的黑烟而生病，这种黑烟损害了我们的眼睛和肺。先行词为物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。
（7）with.考查介词。句意：我们的纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，并帮助我们以积极和成功的方式应对我们的恐惧。deal with应对，为固定搭配，故填with。
（8）that.考查结果状语从句。句意：当我们最终获救时，我们感到如释重负和快乐，许多人都忍不住流下了眼泪。so/such....that如此……以致于，that引导结果状语从句，故填that。
（9）（to）persevere.考查不定式。句意：我们对沙克尔顿的乐观和信念帮助我们坚持生存下去。help sb.（to） do sth.帮助某人做某事，故填（to）persevere。
（10）commitment.考查名词。句意：他对我们的回报是承诺要把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救出来。作介词的宾语，前面有形容词性物主代词，表示"承诺"，所以用名词，单数名词前面加上定冠词特指拯救我们的承诺，故填commitment。
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词的适当形式填空。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
五．单词拼写（共5小题）
8．（2024秋 越秀区期末）The guides are fully qualified （具备资格） to take groups anywhere on these mountains.
【答案】qualified
【分析】这些导游完全有资格带着旅行团去这些山上的任何地方。
【解答】根据括号内词义，"具备资格"可译为qualified，be qualified to适于，是固定搭配。
故填：qualified。
【点评】考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
9．He was a happy， good﹣tempered （脾气好的）boy.
【答案】good﹣tempered
【分析】他是一个快乐、脾气好的男孩。
【解答】答案：good﹣tempered.根据汉语提示"脾气好的"并分析可知，此处与happy并列，共同修饰其后的名词boy，应填入形容词，"脾气好的"英语是 good﹣tempered，故填 good﹣tempered。
【点评】解这类题目，首先要准确地理解句子，翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词或短语的词性，结合一定的语法知识，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更畅通。
10．There is no light in the room. May he go out （他可能外出了吗）？
【答案】May he go out
【分析】房间里没有灯。他可能外出了吗？
【解答】根据语意，他可能外出了吗？可译为may he go out？分析句子，该句为一般疑问句，应将情态动词提前。故填：May he go out。
【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
11．All the candidates （候选人） came across badly on TV.
【答案】candidates
【分析】所有的候选人在电视上表演得都相当拙劣。
【解答】答案：candidates。根据中文意思可知使用名词candidate"候选人"，为可数名词，All后修饰名词的复数形式。
故答案为：candidates。
【点评】对于翻译填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
12．I was very enthusiastic about （对……热心） the lecture，but his remark on it made me disappointed.
【答案】enthusiastic about
【分析】我本来很想听讲演，但他的话让我很扫兴。
【解答】答案：enthusiastic about.be enthusiastic about对……热心，是固定搭配。故填：enthusiastic about.
【点评】考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
六．书面表达（共2小题）
13．（2024秋 梁平区模拟）假定你是李华。为了弘扬以"埋头苦干、勇挑重担、永不懈怠、一往无前"为核心的"泰山挑山工"精神，你校文学社组织开展了以"To Be a Qualified Mountain Porter"为题的征文比赛。请你结合要点提示，写一篇英语征文，内容如下：
●生活上：勇敢面对挫折，乐观向上；
●学习中：敢于挑战，困难面前永不言弃；
●……
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头及标题已给出，不计入总词数。
To Be a Qualified Mountain Porter
Nowadays，the spirit of Mountain Porters has spread around China._________
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】高分句型一：And we should treat any challenge in a positive attitude.
译文：我们应该以积极的态度对待任何挑战。
分析：这句话使用in a positive attitude意为"以积极的态度"。
高分句型二：Besides，we are supposed to do more exercise to keep healthy.
译文：此外，我们应该做更多的运动来保持健康。
分析：这句话使用be supposed to do意为"应该做某事"。
【解答】To Be a Qualified Mountain Porter
Nowadays，the spirit of Mountain Porters has spread around China.As middle school students in the modern society，what can we do？（话题）
Firstly，there must be many difficulties in our life.However，mountain porters never give up and keep working day and night.Thus，we should learn from them and become brave enough to face any difficulty in our life. （生活上）Secondly，we have met a lot of problems and challenges in our study.And we should treat any challenge in a positive attitude. 【高分句型一】Besides，we are supposed to do more exercise to keep healthy. 【高分句型二】We are willing to struggle for our beautiful future with our healthy body and mind.（学习上）
In a word，let's keep working hard to be qualified mountain porters in the modern society.（总结）
【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要构建一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
14．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。
Great Adventurers to Mount Qomolangma
Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay made the impossible possible.They have been on top of the world.They climbed Mount Qomolangma!Tenzing Norgay is among the world's famous mountain climbers；he was one of the first two individuals who reached the summit of Mount Qomolangma with Sir Edmund Hillary on May 29，1953.
In 1935，he got an opportunity to join in the Mount Qomolangma expedition.He was employed by Eric Shipton.In 1953 he took part in the seventh expedition to Mount Qomolangma.A member of the team，Edmund Hillary was also there.This expedition took 400 people，of which 362 were porters.The expedition set up base camp in March，1953.Working slowly it set up its final camp at the South Col at 7，890 m.On May 26 Bourdillon and Evans attempted the climb but turned back when Evans' oxygen system failed.The pair had reached the South Summit，coming within 91 m of the summit.Hunt then directed Norgay and Hillary to go for the summit.Snow and wind held the pair up at the South Col for two days.They set out on May 28 with a support trio of Alfred Gregory，Ang Nyima and a member called Lowe.The two pitched a tent at 8，500 m on May 28 while their support group returned down the mountain.
On the following morning Hillary discovered that his boots had frozen solid outside the tent.He spent two hours warming them before he and Norgay attempted the final ascent wearing 14 kg packs.They finally reached the summit but only spent fifteen minutes there.Hillary took the famous photo of Norgay posing with his ice﹣axe，but since Norgay had never used a camera，Hillary's ascent went unrecorded.Additional photos were taken looking down the mountain in order to reassure that they had made it to the top and that the ascent was not faked.
The two had to take care on the descent after discovering that drifting snow had covered their tracks，complicating the task of retracing their steps.The first person they met was Lowe，who had climbed up to meet them with hot soup.Then they climbed on down the mountain.
After a lot of struggles they stood on the top of Mount Qomolangma.They have been on top of the world!
【答案】The story is about two climbers who succeeded in reaching the top of Mount Qomolangma for the first time.（要点1）In 1953，Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay joined in the expedition to Mount Qomolangma.（要点2）After another two climbers failed，they helped Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary go for the summit.（要点3）After struggling hard，Hillary and Norgay succeeded on May 29，1953.（要点4）
【分析】本文为记叙文，故事讲的是两个登山者第一次成功登上珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。
高分句型一：The story is about two climbers who succeeded in reaching the top of Mount Qomolangma for the first time.
译文：这句话使用who引导定语从句。
分析：故事讲的是两个登山者第一次成功登上珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。
高分句型二：After another two climbers failed，they helped Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary go for the summit.
译文：在另外两名登山者失败后，他们帮助丹增 诺盖和埃德蒙 希拉里登顶。
分析：这句话使用after引导时间状语从句。
【解答】The story is about two climbers who succeeded in reaching the top of Mount Qomolangma for the first time.（故事大意）In 1953，Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay joined in the expedition to Mount Qomolangma.（Edmund Hillary和Tenzing Norgay加入珠穆朗玛峰的探险 ）After another two climbers failed，they helped Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary go for the summit.【高分句型二】（另外两个登山者失败了，他们帮助Edmund Hillary和Tenzing Norgay登山峰）After struggling hard，Hillary and Norgay succeeded on May 29，1953.（Edmund Hillary和Tenzing Norgay成功了）
【点评】概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
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Unit 4 Adversity and Courage
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．It's 27 years since my last conversation with my mother，who didn't finish school like many of her contemporary girls．She often told me， "I never got my（1） but one day you will．"
Pointing to a tree or cow，she asked me to（2） their English names after her．Feeling（3） I asked，Mama，why do I have to learn these（4） phrases？She held her pen right before my eyes．Hold it firmly，she（5） me，for this pen and the new foreign language will be your compass to（6） around the world．Sadly，my mother died of breast cancer when I was six．
Turning seven，I traveled 30 miles to live closer to my school．But "closer" is a（7） term in Uganda，which（8） I had to get up as the（9） sun rose and then ran 8.8 miles barefoot to school．Also，I needed to carry a stick in（10） of snakes and dogs．During the（11） season，the path to school was（12） daily and I'd swim with one hand，using the other hand to（13） the book bag on my head．
Research shows 70 percent of poor children don't（14） primary school in Uganda．Reasons for this（15） dropout （辍学） rate includes the long（16） some children must（17） among many other reasons．
Fortunately，I've made it whenever I see the sun rise，I am（18） of the wisdom of my mother who（19） me to dream big and to use the（20） of the pen to make my dream come true．
（1） A．degree B．scholarship C．recommendation D．admission
（2） A．recite B．use C．repeat D．guess
（3） A．anxious B．curious C．disappointed D．annoyed
（4） A．tough B．new C．foreign D．old
（5） A．encouraged B．consulted C．blamed D．frightened
（6） A．fly B．turn C．walk D．sail
（7） A．relative B．real C．simple D．technical
（8） A．shows B．means C．proves D．states
（9） A．warm B．early C．bright D．hot
（10） A．search B．possession C．spite D．case
（11） A．summer B．cold C．rainy D．dry
（12） A．damaged B．repaired C．blocked D．flooded
（13） A．drag B．hold C．put D．seize
（14） A．attend B．enter C．complete D．continue
（15） A．constant B．steady C．low D．high
（16） A．distances B．periods C．lists D．stories
（17） A．cover B．consider C．judge D．measure
（18） A．informed B．warmed C．reminded D．told
（19） A．enabled B．inspired C．expected D．intended
（20） A．value B．power C．symbol D．length
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．Parents of twins often say their children are a little unusual or special.But according to 16﹣year﹣old twin Sergio Forlan，there are ways in which some sets of twins are quite amazing.
Here's how Sergio describes his relationship with his twin，Lionel，"Lionel and I have had a very special bond since we were born.When we were very small，we had our own language.Our mom says we used to talk to each other using our own special language.We knew what we were saying，but nobody else understood.Even our mother didn't understand us!As we've gotten older，we've started using telepathy（心灵感应）to communicate.I mean we don't need to speak at all；we just use our minds.We can somehow send messages to each other even when we aren't in the same place.I know it sounds unbelievable，but I've always known when Lionel was in trouble.Once he had a bad fall during a football game.He broke his leg，and when it happened I got this terrible pain in my leg."
Although it sounds strange，telepathy between twins isn't unusual.There has been a lot of research that has proven that some twins have this ability.In one experiment，scientists studied eight﹣year﹣old Richard Powles and his twin brother，Damien.First，they were put in two separate rooms，and Damien was connected to a machine that would check his responses.Richard was then asked to put his arm into freezing cold water.Exactly when Richard put his arm into the water，Damien's response went wild.And it was the same whenever anything surprising or scary happened to Richard—his brother in the other room would have responses，too.
Celebrity twins have reported similar experiences.Actor Ashley Olsen tells us that，even when they are far apart，she knows when her twin sister，Mary﹣Kate，is going through a difficult time.
So，maybe it's true.Maybe some twins don't need words to speak to each other.
（1）What does the underlined word "bond" in paragraph 2 mean？
A．A strong connection.
B．A strange hobby.
C．A lifelong friendship.
D．A general agreement.
（2）How does the writer make readers believe that some twins have the amazing relationship？
A．By comparing research results.
B．By giving different examples.
C．By explaining the possible reasons.
D．By describing his own experiences.
（3）What can be the best title for this passage？
A．Talking Without Speaking
B．Action Speaks Louder than Words
C．Communication Across Languages
D．Telepathy among Family Members
3．When given the choice，about 85% of people say they would not want to know about some negative event far in the future.Yet recently millions around the globe have downloaded FaceApp，which allows users to see how they might age in real life.
Many had fun with it，joking that they love the FaceApp old filter.Beneath the humor is a serious subject：How do we learn to relate to our future selves？It's important that we try to because it could help strengthen the long﹣term decisions that we make.However，we often fail to make sacrifices for the grayer versions of ourselves.
More than half of the respondents（调查对象） in a recent survey of 2，800 Americans said they rarely or never thought about what their lives might be like 30 years from now.This isn't surprising，since most of us are firmly rooted in the present and thinking about the distant future can seem like a distant priority（优先）.My ongoing research might also offer an explanation：We tend to think about our future selves as if they are someone different from who we are today.In an effort to narrow these empathy（共情）gaps，my research workmates and I have tried to humanize（使人性化） people's future selves in the same way others have tried to humanize charity receivers.
Given that a photograph of one hungry child can spark emotional reactions，and cause viewers to donate，we have presented participants with vivid images of their distant selves.
That seems helpful.In a recently completed project in Mexico，we found that exposure to future﹣self images led more people to contribute to their pensions.Despite this research，I'm skeptical that the app users will suddenly increase their pension contributions（养老金供款） and care about their health.The silly app isn't paired with an immediate opportunity to change any of these things.
The lesson from FaceApp shouldn't be that we need to marry hi﹣tech visuals with savings for retirement.The lesson，then，takes the form of a question：What more can be done to urge us to think about，care for who we will one day become？
（1）What can we learn about FaceApp？
A．It provides future﹣self images.
B．It is the most downloaded app.
C．It helps people make decisions.
D．It makes people age in real life.
（2）Why do most respondents rarely think of their future life？
A．They have known future life from FaceApp.
B．They fail to make sacrifices for their future.
C．They attach greater importance to the present.
D．They consider future selves the same as today's.
（3）What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 5 refer to？
A．Completing a project in Mexico.
B．Offering aging images of participants.
C．Raising contributions among viewers.
D．Giving a photograph of a hungry child.
（4）What's the author's attitude to FaceApp？
A．Positive.
B．Doubtful.
C．Ambiguous.
D．Unfavorable.
4．Go.Stop.Go.Stop.The travel signals in my head were conflicting. "Are you sure you want to head to Greece this November with Kathleen？" asked my husband. "The weather could be unpleasant."
"You must go，" said my friend Larry，who talked about having spent Thanksgiving on Santorini. "It's a wonderland."
With his encouraging words，I booked our flights to Athens and included two Greek islands：Santorini and Crete.
A sunny Saturday afternoon welcomed us to Eleftherios Venizelos Airport in Athens.During the next few days Kathleen and I tried a lot of unknown﹣to﹣us foods.No annoying lines of tourists either as we saw sights on the Athens "A" list.
And then came Wednesday.The flight to Santorini was yo﹣yoed by wind gusts of up to 40 miles an hour.Fira，usually a much﹣photographed tourist destination was chilly，rainy...empty.With rain beating our faces，Kathleen and I headed for our hotel and checked in for a three﹣night stay.
"This isn't how I want to spend my holiday，" said Kathleen. "Maybe Crete isn't experiencing the same storm.Can we fly out later today？"
Her question mirrored my own thoughts.But we couldn't leave.We'd just arrived.Payments for the hotel and rental car would be lost and costly last﹣minute plane reservations needed. "Let's not decide right now." I suggested.
During the next few days，we drove around despite the showers.At a restaurant named Poseidon on our third night we waited and waited for dinner. "Your dinner will be out shortly.The chef was busy studying something beautiful，" our waiter explained.
Seeing our puzzled look，the waiter then said，"He went out for a smoke，saw a beautiful girl and began to chat..."
Suddenly，Kathleen laughed.Instead of complaining，she leaned back and out came a loud，happy sound.
An attitude adjustment into grace（优雅），I realized，had been happening since our arrival. "You know，Mum，you can't live a positive life with a negative mind，" she said.
Grace surrounds us.The challenge is to let go of anxieties and worries，the tendency to complain.A sunny attitude can let grace shine.
（1）What did the author's husband think about her trip to Greece？
A．It was pleasant.
B．It was ill﹣advised.
C．It would be costly.
D．It would be eye﹣opening.
（2）How were the author's first few days in Greece？
A．Delightful.
B．Busy.
C．Struggling.
D．Annoying.
（3）Why did Kathleen laugh at the restaurant Poseidon？
A．She got excellent service.
B．She enjoyed the food there.
C．She wanted to comfort the waiter.
D．She saw the humor of the situation.
（4）What does the author want to show by telling her experience？
A．The role of grace.
B．The benefits of travelling.
C．The power of positive thinking.
D．The importance of understanding.
5．On October 20，British adventurer Tom Morgan went up over South Africa seated in a camp chair fastened to 100 helium balloons.During the two﹣hour flight，the balloonist covered 16 miles and reached heights of up to 8，000 feet.Though Morgan later called the experience "unbelievably cool"，he did admit feeling "somewhere between terrified and delighted" during the flight.
Morgan，the founder of the League of Adventurists，a British group whose mission is to make the world "less boring"，says the flight was initially supposed to take off from Botswana.However，after strong winds tore the balloons three times，the team decided to attempt it from the outskirts（郊区） of Johannesburg.Given that they only had enough helium（氦） left for one more try，Morgan was happy he was finally able to complete the flight without any unlucky accidents.
The adventurer says though the helium flight appears similar to Carl Fredricksen's house flight in Pixar's "Up"，his inspiration came from an article on a 1905 gas balloon race.Morgan and his League of Adventurists now hope to add cluster balloon racing to their list of exciting events，which double as fundraisers.
Though Morgan is the first to think of introducing helium balloon﹣powered flights as a sport，he isn't the first person to attempt the dangerous feat.US adventurer Jonathan Trappe has completed numerous such flights，including one across the English Channel.In 2010，Oregon pilot Kent Couch even took a friend along on an attached chair.A year later，National Geographic repeated the scene from "Up" by using helium balloons to fly a small house，complete with two brave residents，across North America's Mojave Desert.
（1）Paragraph 1 mainly serves as a（n） .
A．introduction
B．summary
C．praise
D．example
（2）Why did the flight start from the outskirt of Johannesburg？
A．It's convenient to travel.
B．Its scenery is impressive.
C．It can draw more visitors.
D．Its weather is very fine.
（3）What caused Morgan to start the adventure？
A．A British group's encouragement.
B．Carl Fredricksen's flight.
C．An article on a gas balloon race.
D．The eagerness to raise money.
（4）Who has rich experience in helium balloon's flight？
A．Jonathan Trappe.
B．Kent Couch.
C．National Geographic.
D．Mojave Desert.
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．On any given day，many of us wrestle with our fears．We might be considering changing a job，telling someone we love them or wanting to speak up for what's right when we see injustice （不公正）．（1） Or it says that we don't have the ability to create the life or world we want to have．The cycle often plays out in the same way．
So，what should we do？ （2） Instead，we can choose to accept fear as part of the process of change and practice courage．Though courage is often thought of as an inborn character，it's actually a practice that can be learned for dealing with difficulty．（3） Here are two useful tips for dealing with fear and moving closer to courage．
Listen without attachment．Many of us who are stuck in fear have an inner critic （批评家），constantly telling us we'll fail．Sometimes we adopt approaches to removing it．（4） However，if we can take time to listen to our inner critic without attachment﹣without the need to ignore or accept what it is saying﹣we're in a better position to learn from it．
（5） Creating courageous communities gives us the support to face challenges．Sometimes our stories get in our way，and we need people who are doing similar work to help us see where we're getting stuck or what we're truly good at．
A．Fear shows up in the body．
B．You'll be more likely to make the changes．
C．In other words，courage can become a habit．
D．Don't see fear as bad or try to remove it when it arises．
E．But a voice within us pipes up saying that there's no point．
F．While we can get temporary relief，they don't actually make the critic go away．
G．Surround yourself with like﹣minded people who also honor the values of courage．
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（1） （watch） Shackleton and the boat sailing away from Elephant Island，we felt so alone and desperate.There was nothing like a good dinner and some music （2） （cheer） us up.Life fell into a regular pattern. （3） （stay） alive took all our time and energy.Food was also a problem，（4） we did not find any vegetables or fruit on the island.We had to be careful not to go outside too often as the （5） （change） temperatures could make us ill.Many of us became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat we burnt for our fires，（6） damaged our eyes and burnt our lungs.The twenty﹣two of us lived like this in the cold for four months.Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal （7） our fears in a positive and successful way.This was an episode in my life that I would never forget.When we were finally rescued，we felt such relief and joy（8） many of us could not hide our tears.Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us（9） （perseverance）in staying alive.And he paid us back by his （10） （commit） to save us from a slow but painful death.
五．单词拼写（共5小题）
8．（2024秋 越秀区期末）The guides are fully （具备资格） to take groups anywhere on these mountains.
9．He was a happy， （脾气好的）boy.
10．There is no light in the room. （他可能外出了吗）？
11．All the （候选人） came across badly on TV.
12．I was very （对……热心） the lecture，but his remark on it made me disappointed.
六．书面表达（共2小题）
13．（2024秋 梁平区模拟）假定你是李华。为了弘扬以"埋头苦干、勇挑重担、永不懈怠、一往无前"为核心的"泰山挑山工"精神，你校文学社组织开展了以"To Be a Qualified Mountain Porter"为题的征文比赛。请你结合要点提示，写一篇英语征文，内容如下：
●生活上：勇敢面对挫折，乐观向上；
●学习中：敢于挑战，困难面前永不言弃；
●……
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头及标题已给出，不计入总词数。
To Be a Qualified Mountain Porter
Nowadays，the spirit of Mountain Porters has spread around China._________
14．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。
Great Adventurers to Mount Qomolangma
Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay made the impossible possible.They have been on top of the world.They climbed Mount Qomolangma!Tenzing Norgay is among the world's famous mountain climbers；he was one of the first two individuals who reached the summit of Mount Qomolangma with Sir Edmund Hillary on May 29，1953.
In 1935，he got an opportunity to join in the Mount Qomolangma expedition.He was employed by Eric Shipton.In 1953 he took part in the seventh expedition to Mount Qomolangma.A member of the team，Edmund Hillary was also there.This expedition took 400 people，of which 362 were porters.The expedition set up base camp in March，1953.Working slowly it set up its final camp at the South Col at 7，890 m.On May 26 Bourdillon and Evans attempted the climb but turned back when Evans' oxygen system failed.The pair had reached the South Summit，coming within 91 m of the summit.Hunt then directed Norgay and Hillary to go for the summit.Snow and wind held the pair up at the South Col for two days.They set out on May 28 with a support trio of Alfred Gregory，Ang Nyima and a member called Lowe.The two pitched a tent at 8，500 m on May 28 while their support group returned down the mountain.
On the following morning Hillary discovered that his boots had frozen solid outside the tent.He spent two hours warming them before he and Norgay attempted the final ascent wearing 14 kg packs.They finally reached the summit but only spent fifteen minutes there.Hillary took the famous photo of Norgay posing with his ice﹣axe，but since Norgay had never used a camera，Hillary's ascent went unrecorded.Additional photos were taken looking down the mountain in order to reassure that they had made it to the top and that the ascent was not faked.
The two had to take care on the descent after discovering that drifting snow had covered their tracks，complicating the task of retracing their steps.The first person they met was Lowe，who had climbed up to meet them with hot soup.Then they climbed on down the mountain.
After a lot of struggles they stood on the top of Mount Qomolangma.They have been on top of the world!
Unit 4 Adversity and Courage
参考答案与试题解析
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．It's 27 years since my last conversation with my mother，who didn't finish school like many of her contemporary girls．She often told me， "I never got my（1） A but one day you will．"
Pointing to a tree or cow，she asked me to（2） C their English names after her．Feeling（3） D I asked，Mama，why do I have to learn these（4） C phrases？She held her pen right before my eyes．Hold it firmly，she（5） A me，for this pen and the new foreign language will be your compass to（6） D around the world．Sadly，my mother died of breast cancer when I was six．
Turning seven，I traveled 30 miles to live closer to my school．But "closer" is a（7） A term in Uganda，which（8） B I had to get up as the（9） B sun rose and then ran 8.8 miles barefoot to school．Also，I needed to carry a stick in（10） D of snakes and dogs．During the（11） C season，the path to school was（12） D daily and I'd swim with one hand，using the other hand to（13） B the book bag on my head．
Research shows 70 percent of poor children don't（14） C primary school in Uganda．Reasons for this（15） D dropout （辍学） rate includes the long（16） A some children must（17） A among many other reasons．
Fortunately，I've made it whenever I see the sun rise，I am（18） C of the wisdom of my mother who（19） B me to dream big and to use the（20） B of the pen to make my dream come true．
（1） A．degree B．scholarship C．recommendation D．admission
（2） A．recite B．use C．repeat D．guess
（3） A．anxious B．curious C．disappointed D．annoyed
（4） A．tough B．new C．foreign D．old
（5） A．encouraged B．consulted C．blamed D．frightened
（6） A．fly B．turn C．walk D．sail
（7） A．relative B．real C．simple D．technical
（8） A．shows B．means C．proves D．states
（9） A．warm B．early C．bright D．hot
（10） A．search B．possession C．spite D．case
（11） A．summer B．cold C．rainy D．dry
（12） A．damaged B．repaired C．blocked D．flooded
（13） A．drag B．hold C．put D．seize
（14） A．attend B．enter C．complete D．continue
（15） A．constant B．steady C．low D．high
（16） A．distances B．periods C．lists D．stories
（17） A．cover B．consider C．judge D．measure
（18） A．informed B．warmed C．reminded D．told
（19） A．enabled B．inspired C．expected D．intended
（20） A．value B．power C．symbol D．length
【答案】（1）﹣（5）ACDCA （6）﹣（10）DABBD （11）﹣（15）CDBCD （16）﹣（20）AACBB
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。出生于乌干达的作者从小被母亲教育要用笔和新外语的力量，来走遍世界。因此当作者七岁时，每天和太阳一起起床，徒步行走8.8英里去上学。在雨季，作者一边游泳，一边用手把书包拿在头顶上。在乌干达，有70%的学生因为长途跋涉而没能上完小学，而作者做到了，而每当看到太阳升起时，作者总会想到母亲教育自己要有远大梦想的智慧。
【解答】（1）A.考查名词及语境理解。A．degree学位；B．scholarship奖学金；C．recommendation推荐；D．admission录用。句意：我从来没有获得过学位，但是有一天你会。根据上文It's 27 years since my last mother，who didn't finish school like many of her contemporary girls.可知母亲没能完成学业，因此没有获得学位。故选A。
（2）C.考查动词及语境理解。A．recite背诵；B．use使用；C．repeat重复；D．guess猜测。句意：她指着一棵树或一头牛，让我跟着她重复它们的英文名字。根据下文 why do I have to learn these ____phrases？可知，母亲让我跟着她重复它们的英文名字。故选C。
（3）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A．anxious焦虑的；B．curious好奇的；C．disappointed失望的；D．annoyed恼怒的。句意：感到恼火，我问妈妈，"妈妈，为什么我要学这些外语短语？"根据下文 why do I have to learn these ________ phrases？可知作者对母亲的行为感到很恼怒烦躁。故选D。
（4）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A．tough艰难的；B．new新的；C．foreign国外的；D．old老的。句意：感到恼火，我问妈妈，"妈妈，为什么我要学这些外语短语？"根据下文the new foreign language可知对于作者而已这些都是国外的短语。故选C。
（5）A.考查动词及语境理解。A．encouraged鼓励；B．consulted咨询；C．blamed责备；D．frightened害怕。句意："握紧笔，"她鼓励我。根据下文new foreign language will be your compass可知母亲是在鼓励我，故选A。
（6）D.考查动词及语境理解。A．fly飞翔；B．turn转向；C．walk步行；D．sail航行。句意：因为笔和新的外语将是你环游世界的指南针。根据空前的your compass to可知，母亲把笔和外语比作环游世界的指南针。故选D。
（7）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A．relative相对的；B．real真的；C．simple简单的；D．technical技术上的。句意：但是"更近"在乌干达是一个相对的术语。根据上文 I traveled 30 miles to live closer to my school.可知，"更近"在乌干达是一个相对的术语。故选A。
（8）B.考查动词及语境理解。A．shows展示；B．means意味着；C．proves证明；D．states声明。句意：这也意味着我必须起得和太阳一样早。根据上文But "closer" is a ____term in Uganda，可知，这意味着我必须起得和太阳一样早。故选B。
（9）B.考查形容词及语境理解。A．warm温暖的；B．early早的；C．bright明亮的；D．hot热的。句意：这也意味着我必须起得和太阳一样早。根据上文I had to get up 可知，作者要和太阳起得一样早。故选B。
（10）D.考查名词及语境理解。A．search搜寻；B．possession财产；C．spite恶意；D．case情况。句意：此外，我需要携带一根棍子，以防蛇和狗。携带一根棍子，以防遇到蛇和狗。in case of"万一"，故选D。
（11）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A．summer夏季的；B．cold寒冷的；C．rainy下雨的；D．dry干的。句意：在雨季，去学校的路经常被水淹没。根据下文I'd swim with one hand可知在雨季期间，故选C。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A．damaged破坏；B．repaired修理；C．blocked堵塞；D．flooded淹没。句意：在雨季，去学校的路经常被水淹没。I'd swim with one hand得知在雨季，我不得不游泳才能通过被水淹没的路。故选D。
（13）B.考查动词及语境理解。A．drag拖；B．hold握住；C．put放置；D．seize抓住。句意：我一只手游泳，而另一个手握住放在我的头上的书包。根据空后的the book bag on my head可知，作者另一个手握住放在他的头上的书包。故选B。
（14）C.考查动词及语境理解。A．attend参加；B．enter进入；C．complete完成；D．continue继续。句意：研究表明，乌干达70%的贫困儿童没有完成小学学业。根据空前的70 percent of poor children 可知，乌干达有很多贫困儿童没有完成小学学业。故选C。
（15）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A．constant不变的；B．steady稳定的；C．low低的；D．high高的。句意：辍学率如此之高的原因包括，在许多其他原因中，有些孩子必须长途跋涉。根据上文Research shows 70 percent of poor children don't _____primary school in Uganda可知辍学率很高，故选D。
（16）A.考查名词及语境理解。A．distances距离；B．periods时期；C．lists列表；D．stories故事。句意：辍学率如此之高的原因包括：有些孩子必须长途跋涉。根据上文long以及文章内容可知，一些孩子上学必须要走很远的距离。故选A。
（17）A.考查动词及语境理解。A．cover覆盖；行走；B．consider考虑；C．judge判断；D．measure测量。句意：辍学率如此之高的原因包括：有些孩子必须长途跋涉。有些孩子必须长途跋涉。cover表示走一段路程，故选A。
（18）C.考查动词及语境理解。A．informed通知；B．warned警告；C．reminded提醒；想起；D．told告诉。句意：每当我看到太阳升起，我就会想起我母亲的智慧。be reminded of"想起"，故选C。
（19）B.考查动词及语境理解。A．enabled能够；B．inspired鼓舞；C．expected期待；D．intended打算。句意：母亲鼓舞我要有远大梦想。根据上文for this pen and the new foreign language will be your compass to ________ around the world.可知，作者母亲在世时一直鼓励作者要有理想。故选B。
（20）B.考查名词及语境理解。A．value价值；B．power力量；C．symbol符号；D．length长度。句意：用笔的力量使我的梦想成真。根据上文for this pen and the new foreign language will be your compass to ________ around the world.可知，作者的母亲一直鼓励作者，凭借笔的力量实现梦想，故选B。
【点评】完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应及语境。
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．Parents of twins often say their children are a little unusual or special.But according to 16﹣year﹣old twin Sergio Forlan，there are ways in which some sets of twins are quite amazing.
Here's how Sergio describes his relationship with his twin，Lionel，"Lionel and I have had a very special bond since we were born.When we were very small，we had our own language.Our mom says we used to talk to each other using our own special language.We knew what we were saying，but nobody else understood.Even our mother didn't understand us!As we've gotten older，we've started using telepathy（心灵感应）to communicate.I mean we don't need to speak at all；we just use our minds.We can somehow send messages to each other even when we aren't in the same place.I know it sounds unbelievable，but I've always known when Lionel was in trouble.Once he had a bad fall during a football game.He broke his leg，and when it happened I got this terrible pain in my leg."
Although it sounds strange，telepathy between twins isn't unusual.There has been a lot of research that has proven that some twins have this ability.In one experiment，scientists studied eight﹣year﹣old Richard Powles and his twin brother，Damien.First，they were put in two separate rooms，and Damien was connected to a machine that would check his responses.Richard was then asked to put his arm into freezing cold water.Exactly when Richard put his arm into the water，Damien's response went wild.And it was the same whenever anything surprising or scary happened to Richard—his brother in the other room would have responses，too.
Celebrity twins have reported similar experiences.Actor Ashley Olsen tells us that，even when they are far apart，she knows when her twin sister，Mary﹣Kate，is going through a difficult time.
So，maybe it's true.Maybe some twins don't need words to speak to each other.
（1）What does the underlined word "bond" in paragraph 2 mean？ A
A．A strong connection.
B．A strange hobby.
C．A lifelong friendship.
D．A general agreement.
（2）How does the writer make readers believe that some twins have the amazing relationship？ A
A．By comparing research results.
B．By giving different examples.
C．By explaining the possible reasons.
D．By describing his own experiences.
（3）What can be the best title for this passage？ A
A．Talking Without Speaking
B．Action Speaks Louder than Words
C．Communication Across Languages
D．Telepathy among Family Members
【答案】AAA
【分析】本文是说明文。双胞胎之间有许多相似处，甚至他们之间还有特殊的交流方式。研究发现即使分开成长的双胞胎也有许多特殊相似性，这种特殊相似性与他们的成长环境并没有密切的联系。这其中有天性也存在巧合的成分。
【解答】（1）A.词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句子Lionel and I have had a very special bond since we were born.When we were very small，we had our own language.Our mom says we used to talk to each other using our own special language.（莱昂内尔和我从出生起就有着非常特殊的联系。当我们很小的时候，我们有自己的语言。我们妈妈说我们以前用自己的特殊语言交谈。）可知bond意为"一种强烈的联系"。A.A strong connection一种强烈的联系；B.A strange hobby一种奇怪的爱好；C.A lifelong friendship一种终身的友谊；D.A general agreement一般协议。故选A。
（2）A.写作手法题。根据第三段In one experiment，scientists studied eight﹣year﹣old Richard Powles and his twin brother，Damien.First，they were put in two separate rooms，and Damien was connected to a machine that would check his responses.Richard was then asked to put his arm into freezing cold water.Exactly when Richard put his arm into the water，Damien's response went wild.And it was the same whenever anything surprising or scary happened to Richard—his brother in the other room would have responses，too.（在一项实验中，科学家研究了8岁的理查德 鲍尔斯和他的双胞胎兄弟达米恩。首先，他们被放在两个单独的房间里，达米安被连接到一台机器上，机器会检查他的反应。然后，理查德被要求将他的手臂放入冰冷的水中。就在理查德把手伸入水中的时候，达米恩的反应很疯狂。同样，每当理查德身上发生任何令人惊讶或恐怖的事情，他在另一个房间的弟弟也会有反应。）可知，作者通过对比研究结果使读者相信双胞胎有惊人的关系。故选A。
（3）A.标题判断题。根据全文和最后一段So，maybe it's true.Maybe some twins don't need words to speak to each other.（所以，也许这是真的。也许有些双胞胎不需要言语来彼此交谈。）可知，文章主要介绍双胞胎可以不用通过说话交流。Talking Without Speaking（不说话交流）是最好的交流。故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
3．When given the choice，about 85% of people say they would not want to know about some negative event far in the future.Yet recently millions around the globe have downloaded FaceApp，which allows users to see how they might age in real life.
Many had fun with it，joking that they love the FaceApp old filter.Beneath the humor is a serious subject：How do we learn to relate to our future selves？It's important that we try to because it could help strengthen the long﹣term decisions that we make.However，we often fail to make sacrifices for the grayer versions of ourselves.
More than half of the respondents（调查对象） in a recent survey of 2，800 Americans said they rarely or never thought about what their lives might be like 30 years from now.This isn't surprising，since most of us are firmly rooted in the present and thinking about the distant future can seem like a distant priority（优先）.My ongoing research might also offer an explanation：We tend to think about our future selves as if they are someone different from who we are today.In an effort to narrow these empathy（共情）gaps，my research workmates and I have tried to humanize（使人性化） people's future selves in the same way others have tried to humanize charity receivers.
Given that a photograph of one hungry child can spark emotional reactions，and cause viewers to donate，we have presented participants with vivid images of their distant selves.
That seems helpful.In a recently completed project in Mexico，we found that exposure to future﹣self images led more people to contribute to their pensions.Despite this research，I'm skeptical that the app users will suddenly increase their pension contributions（养老金供款） and care about their health.The silly app isn't paired with an immediate opportunity to change any of these things.
The lesson from FaceApp shouldn't be that we need to marry hi﹣tech visuals with savings for retirement.The lesson，then，takes the form of a question：What more can be done to urge us to think about，care for who we will one day become？
（1）What can we learn about FaceApp？ A
A．It provides future﹣self images.
B．It is the most downloaded app.
C．It helps people make decisions.
D．It makes people age in real life.
（2）Why do most respondents rarely think of their future life？ C
A．They have known future life from FaceApp.
B．They fail to make sacrifices for their future.
C．They attach greater importance to the present.
D．They consider future selves the same as today's.
（3）What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 5 refer to？ B
A．Completing a project in Mexico.
B．Offering aging images of participants.
C．Raising contributions among viewers.
D．Giving a photograph of a hungry child.
（4）What's the author's attitude to FaceApp？ D
A．Positive.
B．Doubtful.
C．Ambiguous.
D．Unfavorable.
【答案】ACBD
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一款APP，他能让你看到未来的自己，但是作者对这个程序是不支持的。
【解答】（1）A．推理判断题。根据第一段When given the choice，about 85% of people say they would not want to know about some negative event far in the future.Yet recently millions around the globe have downloaded FaceApp，which allows users to see how they might age in real life.当有选择的时候，大约85%的人说他们不想知道在遥远的将来会发生什么负面事件，但是最近全球有数百万人下载了FaceApp，它允许用户看到他们在现实生活中的年龄。可知FaceApp提供了未来的自我形象。故选A。
（2）C．细节理解题。根据第三段" This isn't surprising，since most of us are firmly rooted in the present and thinking about the distant future can seem like a distant priority （优先）．这并不奇怪，因为我们大多数人都牢牢地扎根于现在，思考遥远的未来似乎是一个遥远的优先事项。可知大多数受访者很少想到自己的未来生活是因为他们更加重视现在。故选C。
（3）B．代词指代题。根据划线词所在的句子以及上一句" Given that a photograph of one hungry child can spark emotional reactions，and cause viewers to donate，we have presented participants with vivid images of their distant selves.That seems helpful.In a recently completed project in Mexico，we found that exposure to future﹣self images led more people to contribute to their pensions.考虑到一张饥饿儿童的照片会引发情感反应，并引起观众的捐赠，我们向参与者展示了他们遥远自我的生动形象。这似乎很有帮助。在墨西哥最近完成的一个项目中，我们发现，接触未来的自我形象会让更多的人为自己的养老金捐款。这里的 vivid images of their distant selves应该指的是年老的照片，所以that指代的是提供参与者的老化图象。故选B。
（4）D．观点态度题。根据倒数第二段"Despite this research，I'm skeptical that the app users will suddenly increase their pension contributions and care about their health.The silly app isn't paired with an immediate opportunity to change any of these things.尽管进行了这项研究，但我还是怀疑应用程序用户会突然增加养老金的缴纳并关心自己的健康，这个愚蠢的应用程序并没有立即改变这些事情的机会。可知作者对这个程序是不支持的。A.Positive积极的；B.Doubtful怀疑的；C.Ambiguous模棱两可的；D.Unfavorable不支持的。故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
4．Go.Stop.Go.Stop.The travel signals in my head were conflicting. "Are you sure you want to head to Greece this November with Kathleen？" asked my husband. "The weather could be unpleasant."
"You must go，" said my friend Larry，who talked about having spent Thanksgiving on Santorini. "It's a wonderland."
With his encouraging words，I booked our flights to Athens and included two Greek islands：Santorini and Crete.
A sunny Saturday afternoon welcomed us to Eleftherios Venizelos Airport in Athens.During the next few days Kathleen and I tried a lot of unknown﹣to﹣us foods.No annoying lines of tourists either as we saw sights on the Athens "A" list.
And then came Wednesday.The flight to Santorini was yo﹣yoed by wind gusts of up to 40 miles an hour.Fira，usually a much﹣photographed tourist destination was chilly，rainy...empty.With rain beating our faces，Kathleen and I headed for our hotel and checked in for a three﹣night stay.
"This isn't how I want to spend my holiday，" said Kathleen. "Maybe Crete isn't experiencing the same storm.Can we fly out later today？"
Her question mirrored my own thoughts.But we couldn't leave.We'd just arrived.Payments for the hotel and rental car would be lost and costly last﹣minute plane reservations needed. "Let's not decide right now." I suggested.
During the next few days，we drove around despite the showers.At a restaurant named Poseidon on our third night we waited and waited for dinner. "Your dinner will be out shortly.The chef was busy studying something beautiful，" our waiter explained.
Seeing our puzzled look，the waiter then said，"He went out for a smoke，saw a beautiful girl and began to chat..."
Suddenly，Kathleen laughed.Instead of complaining，she leaned back and out came a loud，happy sound.
An attitude adjustment into grace（优雅），I realized，had been happening since our arrival. "You know，Mum，you can't live a positive life with a negative mind，" she said.
Grace surrounds us.The challenge is to let go of anxieties and worries，the tendency to complain.A sunny attitude can let grace shine.
（1）What did the author's husband think about her trip to Greece？ B
A．It was pleasant.
B．It was ill﹣advised.
C．It would be costly.
D．It would be eye﹣opening.
（2）How were the author's first few days in Greece？ A
A．Delightful.
B．Busy.
C．Struggling.
D．Annoying.
（3）Why did Kathleen laugh at the restaurant Poseidon？ D
A．She got excellent service.
B．She enjoyed the food there.
C．She wanted to comfort the waiter.
D．She saw the humor of the situation.
（4）What does the author want to show by telling her experience？ C
A．The role of grace.
B．The benefits of travelling.
C．The power of positive thinking.
D．The importance of understanding.
【答案】BADC
【分析】本文属于记叙文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了作者和朋友的希腊之行，明白了积极思考的重要性。
【解答】（1）B．推理判断题。根据文章第一段 "Are you sure you want to head to Greece this November with Kathleen？" asked my husband. "The weather could be unpleasant.""你确定今年11月要和凯瑟琳一起去希腊吗？"我丈夫问。"天气可能不好。"可知作者的丈夫认为她的希腊之行是不明智的。故选B。
（2）A．推理判断题。根据文章第四段 During the next few days Kathleen and I tried a lot of unknown﹣to﹣us foods.No annoying lines of tourists either as we saw sights on the Athens "A" list.在接下来的几天里，凯瑟琳和我尝试了很多未知的食物。当我们看到雅典的景点时，也没有令人讨厌的游客队伍。可知 作者在希腊的头几天是令人愉快的。故选A。
（3）D．细节理解题。根据文章倒数三四段Seeing our puzzled look，the waiter then said，"He went out for a smoke，saw a beautiful girl and began to chat..."Suddenly，Kathleen laughed.Instead of complaining，she leaned back and out came a loud，happy sound.看到我们困惑的表情，服务员说："他出去抽烟，看到一个漂亮的女孩，然后就聊起来了……"突然，凯萨琳大笑起来。她没有抱怨，而是向后靠了靠，外面传来了响亮、愉快的声音。可知Kathleen在这个饭店笑了，因为她觉得氛围幽默。故选D。
（4）C．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段An attitude adjustment into grace，I realized，had been happening since our arrival. "You know，Mum，you can't live a positive life with a negative mind，'' she said.我意识到，自从我们到达后，态度就开始转变为优雅。 "你知道，妈妈，你不能用消极的心态过积极的生活，"她说。可知作者想通过讲述自己的经历来展示积极思考的力量。故选C。
【点评】阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。
其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
5．On October 20，British adventurer Tom Morgan went up over South Africa seated in a camp chair fastened to 100 helium balloons.During the two﹣hour flight，the balloonist covered 16 miles and reached heights of up to 8，000 feet.Though Morgan later called the experience "unbelievably cool"，he did admit feeling "somewhere between terrified and delighted" during the flight.
Morgan，the founder of the League of Adventurists，a British group whose mission is to make the world "less boring"，says the flight was initially supposed to take off from Botswana.However，after strong winds tore the balloons three times，the team decided to attempt it from the outskirts（郊区） of Johannesburg.Given that they only had enough helium（氦） left for one more try，Morgan was happy he was finally able to complete the flight without any unlucky accidents.
The adventurer says though the helium flight appears similar to Carl Fredricksen's house flight in Pixar's "Up"，his inspiration came from an article on a 1905 gas balloon race.Morgan and his League of Adventurists now hope to add cluster balloon racing to their list of exciting events，which double as fundraisers.
Though Morgan is the first to think of introducing helium balloon﹣powered flights as a sport，he isn't the first person to attempt the dangerous feat.US adventurer Jonathan Trappe has completed numerous such flights，including one across the English Channel.In 2010，Oregon pilot Kent Couch even took a friend along on an attached chair.A year later，National Geographic repeated the scene from "Up" by using helium balloons to fly a small house，complete with two brave residents，across North America's Mojave Desert.
（1）Paragraph 1 mainly serves as a（n） A .
A．introduction
B．summary
C．praise
D．example
（2）Why did the flight start from the outskirt of Johannesburg？ D
A．It's convenient to travel.
B．Its scenery is impressive.
C．It can draw more visitors.
D．Its weather is very fine.
（3）What caused Morgan to start the adventure？ C
A．A British group's encouragement.
B．Carl Fredricksen's flight.
C．An article on a gas balloon race.
D．The eagerness to raise money.
（4）Who has rich experience in helium balloon's flight？ A
A．Jonathan Trappe.
B．Kent Couch.
C．National Geographic.
D．Mojave Desert.
【答案】ADCA
【分析】本文是一篇人物故事类阅读理解，介绍了英国冒险家Tom Morgan乘氦气球旅行。
【解答】（1）A.推理判断题。第一段提到"British adventurer Tom Morgan went up over South Africa"与"During the two﹣hour flight，the balloonist covered 16 miles and reached heights of up to 8，000 feet."（英国冒险家汤姆 摩根在两个小时的飞行中飞越了南非，气球飞行了16英里，高度达到8000英尺）之后文章就此展开，由此可知，第一段的作用是引入。结合选项A.introduction介绍；B.summary总结；C.praise表扬；D.example例子，由此可知答案选A.
（2）D.推理判断题。根据第二段中的"However，after strong winds tore the balloons three times，the team decided to attempt it from the outskirts of Johannesburg."（然而，在强风三次撕扯气球后，研究小组决定从约翰内斯堡郊区进行尝试）可知航班从约翰内斯堡郊区起飞，因为那里的天气很好，由此可知答案选D.
（3）C.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"his inspiration came from an article on a 1905 gas balloon race"（他的灵感来自一篇关于1905年一次气球竞赛的文章）可知一篇关于气体气球竞赛的文章促使摩根开始了这次冒险，由此可知答案选C.
（4）A.细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Jonathan Trappe has completed numerous such flights"（乔纳森 特拉普已经完成了许多这样的飞行）可知，Jonathan Trappe在氦气球飞行方面经验丰富。故选A.
【点评】考查人物故事类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．On any given day，many of us wrestle with our fears．We might be considering changing a job，telling someone we love them or wanting to speak up for what's right when we see injustice （不公正）．（1） E Or it says that we don't have the ability to create the life or world we want to have．The cycle often plays out in the same way．
So，what should we do？ （2） D Instead，we can choose to accept fear as part of the process of change and practice courage．Though courage is often thought of as an inborn character，it's actually a practice that can be learned for dealing with difficulty．（3） C Here are two useful tips for dealing with fear and moving closer to courage．
Listen without attachment．Many of us who are stuck in fear have an inner critic （批评家），constantly telling us we'll fail．Sometimes we adopt approaches to removing it．（4） F However，if we can take time to listen to our inner critic without attachment﹣without the need to ignore or accept what it is saying﹣we're in a better position to learn from it．
（5） G Creating courageous communities gives us the support to face challenges．Sometimes our stories get in our way，and we need people who are doing similar work to help us see where we're getting stuck or what we're truly good at．
A．Fear shows up in the body．
B．You'll be more likely to make the changes．
C．In other words，courage can become a habit．
D．Don't see fear as bad or try to remove it when it arises．
E．But a voice within us pipes up saying that there's no point．
F．While we can get temporary relief，they don't actually make the critic go away．
G．Surround yourself with like﹣minded people who also honor the values of courage．
【答案】EDCFG
【分析】本文是一篇选句填空，文章主要介绍了在任何一天，我们中的许多人都会与恐惧作斗争，我们可能会考虑换个工作，告诉某人我们爱他们，或者当我们看到不公时想为正确的事情说话。但我们内心深处有一种声音在说没什么意义，或者它说我们没有能力创造我们想要的生活或世界。经常以同样的方式循环进行。
【解答】（1）E．细节理解题。根据前文"We might be considering changing a job，telling someone we love them or wanting to speak up for what's right when we see injustice "．我们可能会考虑换个工作，告诉某人我们爱他们，或者当我们看到不公平时想为正确的事情说话。可知此处应填E项"但我们内心深处有一种声音在说没什么意义"。故选E。
（2）D．细节理解题。根据前文"So，what should we do？"那么，我们该怎么办。可知此处应填D项"不要把恐惧看成是坏事，或者在它出现时试着消除它"。故选D。
（3）C．细节理解题。根据前文"Though courage is often thought of as an inborn character，it's actually a practice that can be learned for dealing with difficulty."尽管勇气常常被认为是一种天生的品质，但它实际上是一种可以用来对付困难的练习。可知此处应填C项"换句话说，勇气可以成为一种习惯"。故选C。
（4）F．推理判断题。根据前文" Sometimes we adopt approaches to removing it."有时我们会采取一些方法来消除它。可知此处应填F项"虽然我们可以得到暂时的解脱，但他们并没有真正让批评者走开"。故选F。
（5）G．推理判断题。根据下文"Creating courageous communities gives us the support to face challenges.创建勇敢的社区为我们迎接挑战提供了支持"。可知此处应填G项"周围有志同道合的人，他们也尊重勇气的价值观"。故选G。
【点评】七选五题型看似简单，实际上有时完全做对并不容易，需要方法和分析能力及足够的耐力，有必要进行专门练习。首先，快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置；其次，快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构，分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意；其三，注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词，七选五备选答案中有两个多余的选项，会对文章中两个空的选择构成干扰，这时要特别细致地比对相似选项；最后，用代入法，检查答案是否合理，将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（1） Watching （watch） Shackleton and the boat sailing away from Elephant Island，we felt so alone and desperate.There was nothing like a good dinner and some music （2） to cheer （cheer） us up.Life fell into a regular pattern. （3） Staying （stay） alive took all our time and energy.Food was also a problem，（4） because we did not find any vegetables or fruit on the island.We had to be careful not to go outside too often as the （5） changeable （change） temperatures could make us ill.Many of us became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat we burnt for our fires，（6） which damaged our eyes and burnt our lungs.The twenty﹣two of us lived like this in the cold for four months.Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal （7） with our fears in a positive and successful way.This was an episode in my life that I would never forget.When we were finally rescued，we felt such relief and joy（8） that many of us could not hide our tears.Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us（9） （to）persevere （perseverance）in staying alive.And he paid us back by his （10） commitment （commit） to save us from a slow but painful death.
【答案】（1）Watching（2）to cheer（3）Staying（4）because（5）changeable（6）which（7）with（8）that（9）（to）persevere（10）commitment
【分析】本文讲述作者在一个荒岛上凭借信念生存下来，最终获救的过程。
【解答】（1）Watching.考查现在分词。句意：看着沙克尔顿和船离开象岛，我们感到如此的孤独和绝望。watch和主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故填Watching。
（2）to cheer.考查不定式。句意：没有什么比一顿丰盛的晚餐和一些音乐更能使我们振作起来了。there is nothing to do，不定式作后置定语修饰不定代词，故填to cheer。
（3）Staying.考查动名词。句意：活着花了我们所有的时间和精力。作主语，所以用动名词，故填Staying。
（4）because.考查连词。句意：食物也是个问题，因为我们在岛上找不到任何蔬菜或水果。前后是因果关系，表示"因为"，故填because。
（5）changeable.考查形容词。句意：我们必须小心不要经常外出，因为多变的温度会使我们生病。作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词，故填changeable。
（6）which.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我们许多人因为燃烧动物脂肪产生的黑烟而生病，这种黑烟损害了我们的眼睛和肺。先行词为物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。
（7）with.考查介词。句意：我们的纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，并帮助我们以积极和成功的方式应对我们的恐惧。deal with应对，为固定搭配，故填with。
（8）that.考查结果状语从句。句意：当我们最终获救时，我们感到如释重负和快乐，许多人都忍不住流下了眼泪。so/such....that如此……以致于，that引导结果状语从句，故填that。
（9）（to）persevere.考查不定式。句意：我们对沙克尔顿的乐观和信念帮助我们坚持生存下去。help sb.（to） do sth.帮助某人做某事，故填（to）persevere。
（10）commitment.考查名词。句意：他对我们的回报是承诺要把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救出来。作介词的宾语，前面有形容词性物主代词，表示"承诺"，所以用名词，单数名词前面加上定冠词特指拯救我们的承诺，故填commitment。
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词的适当形式填空。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
五．单词拼写（共5小题）
8．（2024秋 越秀区期末）The guides are fully qualified （具备资格） to take groups anywhere on these mountains.
【答案】qualified
【分析】这些导游完全有资格带着旅行团去这些山上的任何地方。
【解答】根据括号内词义，"具备资格"可译为qualified，be qualified to适于，是固定搭配。
故填：qualified。
【点评】考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
9．He was a happy， good﹣tempered （脾气好的）boy.
【答案】good﹣tempered
【分析】他是一个快乐、脾气好的男孩。
【解答】答案：good﹣tempered.根据汉语提示"脾气好的"并分析可知，此处与happy并列，共同修饰其后的名词boy，应填入形容词，"脾气好的"英语是 good﹣tempered，故填 good﹣tempered。
【点评】解这类题目，首先要准确地理解句子，翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词或短语的词性，结合一定的语法知识，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更畅通。
10．There is no light in the room. May he go out （他可能外出了吗）？
【答案】May he go out
【分析】房间里没有灯。他可能外出了吗？
【解答】根据语意，他可能外出了吗？可译为may he go out？分析句子，该句为一般疑问句，应将情态动词提前。故填：May he go out。
【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
11．All the candidates （候选人） came across badly on TV.
【答案】candidates
【分析】所有的候选人在电视上表演得都相当拙劣。
【解答】答案：candidates。根据中文意思可知使用名词candidate"候选人"，为可数名词，All后修饰名词的复数形式。
故答案为：candidates。
【点评】对于翻译填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
12．I was very enthusiastic about （对……热心） the lecture，but his remark on it made me disappointed.
【答案】enthusiastic about
【分析】我本来很想听讲演，但他的话让我很扫兴。
【解答】答案：enthusiastic about.be enthusiastic about对……热心，是固定搭配。故填：enthusiastic about.
【点评】考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
六．书面表达（共2小题）
13．（2024秋 梁平区模拟）假定你是李华。为了弘扬以"埋头苦干、勇挑重担、永不懈怠、一往无前"为核心的"泰山挑山工"精神，你校文学社组织开展了以"To Be a Qualified Mountain Porter"为题的征文比赛。请你结合要点提示，写一篇英语征文，内容如下：
●生活上：勇敢面对挫折，乐观向上；
●学习中：敢于挑战，困难面前永不言弃；
●……
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头及标题已给出，不计入总词数。
To Be a Qualified Mountain Porter
Nowadays，the spirit of Mountain Porters has spread around China._________
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】高分句型一：And we should treat any challenge in a positive attitude.
译文：我们应该以积极的态度对待任何挑战。
分析：这句话使用in a positive attitude意为"以积极的态度"。
高分句型二：Besides，we are supposed to do more exercise to keep healthy.
译文：此外，我们应该做更多的运动来保持健康。
分析：这句话使用be supposed to do意为"应该做某事"。
【解答】To Be a Qualified Mountain Porter
Nowadays，the spirit of Mountain Porters has spread around China.As middle school students in the modern society，what can we do？（话题）
Firstly，there must be many difficulties in our life.However，mountain porters never give up and keep working day and night.Thus，we should learn from them and become brave enough to face any difficulty in our life. （生活上）Secondly，we have met a lot of problems and challenges in our study.And we should treat any challenge in a positive attitude. 【高分句型一】Besides，we are supposed to do more exercise to keep healthy. 【高分句型二】We are willing to struggle for our beautiful future with our healthy body and mind.（学习上）
In a word，let's keep working hard to be qualified mountain porters in the modern society.（总结）
【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要构建一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
14．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。
Great Adventurers to Mount Qomolangma
Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay made the impossible possible.They have been on top of the world.They climbed Mount Qomolangma!Tenzing Norgay is among the world's famous mountain climbers；he was one of the first two individuals who reached the summit of Mount Qomolangma with Sir Edmund Hillary on May 29，1953.
In 1935，he got an opportunity to join in the Mount Qomolangma expedition.He was employed by Eric Shipton.In 1953 he took part in the seventh expedition to Mount Qomolangma.A member of the team，Edmund Hillary was also there.This expedition took 400 people，of which 362 were porters.The expedition set up base camp in March，1953.Working slowly it set up its final camp at the South Col at 7，890 m.On May 26 Bourdillon and Evans attempted the climb but turned back when Evans' oxygen system failed.The pair had reached the South Summit，coming within 91 m of the summit.Hunt then directed Norgay and Hillary to go for the summit.Snow and wind held the pair up at the South Col for two days.They set out on May 28 with a support trio of Alfred Gregory，Ang Nyima and a member called Lowe.The two pitched a tent at 8，500 m on May 28 while their support group returned down the mountain.
On the following morning Hillary discovered that his boots had frozen solid outside the tent.He spent two hours warming them before he and Norgay attempted the final ascent wearing 14 kg packs.They finally reached the summit but only spent fifteen minutes there.Hillary took the famous photo of Norgay posing with his ice﹣axe，but since Norgay had never used a camera，Hillary's ascent went unrecorded.Additional photos were taken looking down the mountain in order to reassure that they had made it to the top and that the ascent was not faked.
The two had to take care on the descent after discovering that drifting snow had covered their tracks，complicating the task of retracing their steps.The first person they met was Lowe，who had climbed up to meet them with hot soup.Then they climbed on down the mountain.
After a lot of struggles they stood on the top of Mount Qomolangma.They have been on top of the world!
【答案】The story is about two climbers who succeeded in reaching the top of Mount Qomolangma for the first time.（要点1）In 1953，Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay joined in the expedition to Mount Qomolangma.（要点2）After another two climbers failed，they helped Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary go for the summit.（要点3）After struggling hard，Hillary and Norgay succeeded on May 29，1953.（要点4）
【分析】本文为记叙文，故事讲的是两个登山者第一次成功登上珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。
高分句型一：The story is about two climbers who succeeded in reaching the top of Mount Qomolangma for the first time.
译文：这句话使用who引导定语从句。
分析：故事讲的是两个登山者第一次成功登上珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。
高分句型二：After another two climbers failed，they helped Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary go for the summit.
译文：在另外两名登山者失败后，他们帮助丹增 诺盖和埃德蒙 希拉里登顶。
分析：这句话使用after引导时间状语从句。
【解答】The story is about two climbers who succeeded in reaching the top of Mount Qomolangma for the first time.（故事大意）In 1953，Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay joined in the expedition to Mount Qomolangma.（Edmund Hillary和Tenzing Norgay加入珠穆朗玛峰的探险 ）After another two climbers failed，they helped Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary go for the summit.【高分句型二】（另外两个登山者失败了，他们帮助Edmund Hillary和Tenzing Norgay登山峰）After struggling hard，Hillary and Norgay succeeded on May 29，1953.（Edmund Hillary和Tenzing Norgay成功了）
【点评】概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
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