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新人教版必修第一册Unit 1知识清单
重 点 单 词 1.quit vi.&vt. 停止;戒掉;离开(工作职位、学校等)→quit/quitted/quit/quitted/quitting (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 2.debate n. 辩论;争论 vt.&vi. 辩论;争论 3.schedule n. 工作计划;日程安排 vt. 安排;预定 4.expert n. 专家;行家 adj. 熟练的;内行的;专家的5.extra adj. 额外的;附加的 6.adventure n. 冒险;奇遇 7.content n. 内容;(pl.)目录;(书、讲话、节目等的)主题 8.topic n.话题;标题 9.editor n. 主编;编辑;编者 10.adult n.成年人 adj. 成年的;成熟的11.youth n.青年时期;青春12.generation n. 一代(人) 13.literature n. 文学;文学作品 14.freshman n. (中学)九年级学生;(大学)一年级新生 15.extra curricular adj. 课外的;课程以外的 16.ballet n. 芭蕾舞 17.greenhouse n. 温室;暖房 18.plate n. 盘子;碟子 19.title n. (书、诗歌等的)名称;标题;职称;头衔
词 汇 拓 展 1.prefer vt. 较喜欢→preference n. 喜爱;偏爱→preferred/preferred/preferring (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 2.recommend vt. 建议;推荐;介绍→recommendation n. 推荐;建议 3.challenge n.挑战;艰巨任务 vt.怀疑;向……挑战→challenging adj. 有挑战性的→challenged adj.受到挑战的 4.confuse vt. 使糊涂;使迷惑→confusing adj. 难以理解的;不清楚的→confused adj. 糊涂的;迷惑的→confusion n. 混乱;杂乱;混淆;弄错 5.fluent adj. (尤指外语)流利的;熟练的→fluently adv. 流利地→fluency n.流利;流畅 6.advance n. 前进;发展 vi. 前进;发展 vt. 发展;促进→advanced adj. 高级的;高等的;先进的 7.attract vt. 吸引;引起……的注意(或兴趣)→attractive adj.迷人的;有吸引力的→attraction n. 吸引;吸引力;有吸引力的事物 8.focus vi.&vt. 集中(精力、注意力等);(使)调节焦距 n. 中心;重点;焦点→focused adj.注意力集中的 9.addict n. 对……入迷的人;吸毒成瘾的人→addicted adj. 有瘾的;上瘾的;入迷的→addictive adj. 使人上瘾的→addiction n. 上瘾;热衷 10.graduate vi.&vt. 毕业;获得学位 n. 毕业生→graduation n.毕业 11.obviously adv.显然;明显地→obvious adj.明显的 12.responsible adj. 负责的;有责任的→responsibility n.责任;义务 13.solution n. 解决办法;答案→solve vt.解决 14.behaviour n.行为;举止→behave vi. 表现;举止规矩;(使)表现得体 15.movement n. 动作;运动;活动→move vt.&vi. 移动;活动;搬动→movable adj.可移动的;活动的 16.suitable adj. 合适的;适用的→suit vt. 适合 17.actually adv. 事实上;的确→actual adj. 实际的 18.survival n.生存;幸存;幸存事物→survive v.幸存→survivor n.幸存者 19.volunteer n. 志愿者→voluntary adj. 自愿的;志愿的 20.teenage adj. 十几岁的(指13岁至19岁);青少年的→teenager n. (13岁至19岁之间的)青少年
重 点 短 语 1．prefer...to...喜欢……多于…… 2．clean up打扫(或清除)干净 3．suitable for对……适合的 4．sign up (for sth.)报名(参加课程) 5．be responsible for对……负责 6．be attracted to喜爱 7．focus on集中；特别关注 8．addicted to对……很入迷
重 点 句 型 1．My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I’m good at it. 指导老师建议我选修高级文学，因为我喜欢英语，而且我很擅长它。 2．Studying hard isn’t always fun，but I’ll be well prepared for university or whatever else comes in the future. 努力学习并不总是有趣的，但我会为未来上大学或是任何其他的事情做好充分的准备。 3．It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world. 对于你们这一代青少年来说，被电脑游戏和网络世界所吸引并不稀奇。 4．But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. 但是花太多的时间上网有损健康，也会让你很难集中精力在生活中的其他事情上。 5．So the next time you feel like you do not want to do boring，difficult homework or go to class，think about the children who don’t have the chance to get a good education. 所以下一次你感到你不想做枯燥、有难度的作业或去上课时，想想那些没机会接受良好教育的孩子。
课文语法填空
Hi! My name is Adam and I'm a freshman at senior high school. Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge. The first week was a little confusing, but I tried to get used ________ (1) the new environment.
First, I had to think very carefully about which ________ (2) I wanted to take. The school adviser helped me choose the ________ (3) ones, ________ (4) maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese. I know that Chinese is a very difficult ________ (5), but I hope to be fluent ________ (6) I graduate. My adviser recommended that I ________ (7) sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I'm good ________ (8) it.
I had to choose extra-curricular ________ (9), too. I tried to join the school football team, but the coach told me that I didn't play ________ (10) enough. Obviously, I was ________ (11), but I won't quit. I'll find a way to ________ (12) on my own so that I can make the team next year.
I joined a volunteer club ________ (13). Every Wednesday, we work at a soup kitchen and ________ (14) out food to homeless people in the community. It makes me feel good to help those in need.
I know I'll have to study ________ (15) as a senior high school student and get used to being responsible for a lot more. I'm a bit worried about ________ (16) up with the other students in my advanced course, and it'll be quite difficult to get used to all the ________ (17). Still, I'm happy ________ (18) here. Studying hard isn't always ________ (19), but I'll be well prepared for university or whatever else ________ (20) in the future.
【答案】
1.to 2. courses 3. suitable 4. including 5. language 6. when 7. should 8. at 9. activities 10. well 11. unhappy 12. improve 13. instead 14. hand 15. harder 16. keeping 17. homework 18. to be 19. fun es
【分析】这是根据课文内容写的梗概，复述了高一新生Adam对于高中生活的规划。
1.to
解析：“get used to” 是固定短语，意为 “习惯于……”，to 为介词，后接名词或动名词，此处接 “the new environment”（名词短语），符合搭配规则。
2.courses
解析：原文提到 Adam 选择了数学、英语等多门课程，“course” 表示 “课程” 时为可数名词，此处需用复数形式 “courses” 体现 “多门课程”，符合语境逻辑。
3.suitable
解析：此处需形容词修饰代词 “ones”（指代前文的 “courses”），“suitable” 意为 “合适的”，与原文 “学校顾问帮我选合适的课程” 语义一致，语法上可修饰名词 / 代词。
4.including
解析：“including” 是介词，意为 “包括…… 在内”，用于引出具体列举的课程（数学、英语等），符合 “先总说‘合适的课程’，再分举例子” 的逻辑，避免句子结构重复。
5.language
解析：“Chinese” 此处指 “中文（语言）”，“a very difficult language” 意为 “一门很难的语言”，“language” 为可数名词，前面有不定冠词 “a”，故用单数形式。
6.when
解析：此处需连词连接主句 “我希望能说流利（中文）” 和从句 “我毕业时”，“when” 意为 “当…… 时候”，可引导时间状语从句，符合 “毕业时达到流利水平” 的时间逻辑。
7.should
解析：“recommend” 后接宾语从句时，从句需用虚拟语气，结构为 “(should) + 动词原形”，“should” 可省略，但此处设空需填情态动词，故填 “should”，符合语法规则。
8.at
解析：“be good at” 是固定短语，意为 “擅长……”，后接名词或动名词，此处接 “it”（指代 English），符合原文 “我喜欢英语且擅长英语” 的语义。
9.activities
解析：“extra-curricular activities” 是固定搭配，意为 “课外活动”，“activity” 为可数名词，此处用复数 “activities” 表示 “多种课外活动”，符合 “选择课外活动” 的语境。
10.well
解析：此处需副词修饰动词 “play”（踢足球），“well” 是副词，意为 “好地”，“didn't play well enough” 意为 “踢得不够好”，与原文 “教练说我踢得不够好” 语义一致；注意区分形容词 “good”（修饰名词）和副词 “well”（修饰动词）。
11.unhappy
解析：系动词 “was” 后需接形容词作表语，“unhappy” 意为 “不开心的”，与原文 “没加入足球队，显然我不开心” 的情绪一致，语法上符合 “be + 形容词” 的系表结构。
12.improve
解析：“a way to do sth” 是固定结构，意为 “做某事的方法”，“to” 后接动词原形，“improve” 意为 “提高（球技）”，符合原文 “我会找方法提高自己，明年加入球队” 的语义。
13.instead
解析：“instead” 是副词，意为 “反而；代替”，用于体现 “没加入足球队，反而加入志愿俱乐部” 的转折替代关系，符合原文逻辑，语法上可置于句末作状语。
14.hand
解析：句子主语是 “we”，谓语动词为 “work” 和 “hand out” 并列，由连词 “and” 连接，时态均为一般现在时，故 “hand” 用原形；“hand out” 是固定短语，意为 “分发”，与原文 “在施粥站给无家可归的人分发食物” 语义一致。
15.harder
解析：此处隐含 “高中学习” 与 “初中学习” 的对比，“harder” 是副词 “hard” 的比较级，意为 “更努力地”，“study harder” 意为 “更努力学习”，符合原文 “作为高中生我必须更努力学习” 的语义，语法上可修饰动词 “study”。
16.keeping
解析：介词 “about” 后需接名词或动名词，“keep up with” 是固定短语，意为 “跟上……（进度）”，“keep” 的动名词形式为 “keeping”，“worried about keeping up with the other students” 意为 “担心跟不上其他同学”，符合原文语义。
17.homework
解析：“homework” 是不可数名词，意为 “家庭作业”，“all the homework” 意为 “所有家庭作业”，无需变复数，符合 “适应所有家庭作业很难” 的语境，语法上不可数名词无复数形式。
18.to be
解析：“be happy to do sth” 是固定结构，意为 “开心做某事”，“to be here” 意为 “在这里（高中）”，“I'm happy to be here” 意为 “我很开心能在这里（读高中）”，符合原文积极的态度，语法上不定式可表原因 / 目的。
19.fun
解析：系动词 “isn't” 后需接形容词作表语，“fun” 是形容词，意为 “有趣的”，“Studying hard isn't always fun” 意为 “努力学习不总是有趣的”，与原文 “但我会为大学做好准备” 形成转折，语义合理。
es
解析：“whatever else” 是宾语从句的主语，视为单数，句子描述 “未来会发生的事情”，可用一般现在时表将来，“come” 的第三人称单数形式为 “comes”，“whatever else comes in the future” 意为 “未来发生的任何其他事情”，符合语法和语义。
知识点
1. prefer vt. (preferred; preferred; preferring)较喜欢
【教材原句】I prefer helping others. (P12) 我更喜欢帮助别人。
【词块必记】
(1) prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. 宁愿(做)……而不愿(做)……
prefer (sb. ) to do sth. 更喜欢(某人)做……
(2) would do sth. rather than do sth.
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做……而不愿……
would rather do sth. than do sth.
(3) preferencen.偏爱;优先权;偏爱的事物
have a preference for对…偏爱
in preference to...而不是
【即时练】
单句语法填空
1.Nowadays many teenagers prefer _______ (scroll) through short videos online to _______ (read) paper books.
2.Most students prefer their teachers _______ (explain) grammar rules with examples rather than _______ (give) long lectures.
3.She has a _______ (prefer) for traditional music, which reminds her of her childhood.
4.Many people choose public transport _______ _______ _______ driving private cars to reduce carbon emissions.
5.比起外卖，我妈妈更喜欢在家做饭，因为她认为家常菜更健康。
他们宁愿步行去上班也不愿挤地铁。（用两种句型翻译）
选出错误选项并改正：
A. She prefers to stay at home today rather than going out.
B. He has a preference for classical music in preference to pop songs.
【答案】
1.答案：scrolling；reading 解析：考查 prefer doing sth. to doing sth.，强调习惯性偏好，结合 “短视频” 时代场景。
2.答案：to explain；give 解析：考查 prefer sb. to do sth. rather than do sth.，注意 rather than 后接动词原形。
3.答案：preference 解析：考查名词转换，have a preference for 为固定搭配。
4.答案：in preference to 解析：考查介词短语 in preference to，表 “优先于……”。
5.答案：My mother prefers cooking at home to ordering takeout, as she thinks home-made food is healthier.
答案：① They prefer to walk to work rather than squeeze into the subway. ② They would rather walk to work than squeeze into the subway.
答案：A 错误，改正：going → go。解析：rather than 后接动词原形。
【高考真题试练】
1.（2022年·全国乙卷*作文）① Half of the students surveyed prefer _______ (learn) English by watching English movies.
② Most students, that is to say 65%, have a _______ (prefer) for English songs.
2. 2024 北师大版一轮复习题（真题改编）
People _______ _______ work in teams rather than work alone are more likely to achieve goals.
【答案】
1.答案：① to learn；② preference
解析：① 考查 prefer to do sth.，侧重特定学习方式的选择；② 考查名词转换，have a preference for 符合书面表达规范。
2.答案：preferring to
解析：考查现在分词作定语，体现 prefer to do sth. 与定语从句的转换。
2. recommend vt. 推荐; 建议; 介绍; 劝告
【典型例句】
I would recommend an exchange program to anyone who wants to experience foreign cultures and gain meaningful friendship.
我向任何想要体验外国文化和获得有意义的友谊的人推荐一种交流活动。
【词块必记】
(1)recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
recommend that sb. (should)do sth. 建议某人做某事
recommend sth. to sb. 把某物推荐给某人
recommend sb. as. . . 推荐某人为……
recommendation n. 推荐; 介绍信
常见搭配：give a recommendation（给出推荐）；
follow one's recommendation（采纳某人的建议）
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①Of the two travel routes to Lijiang and Chengdu, both are highly ____________ (recommend) for family vacations.
②The librarian recommended me ____________ (join) the reading club, where I could meet people with similar interests.
③If you're looking for a reliable laptop, my ____________ (recommend) is the new model with long battery life.
4.补全推荐信片段（每空填 1 词）：
I strongly recommend that our school ____________ (organize) more cultural exchange activities. I also recommend the art museum ____________ all students, as it ____________ (recommend) for its rich collection of traditional paintings.
5.将下列句子改写为含宾语从句的复合句：
"You should take a gap year to travel," the counselor recommended to me.
【答案】
1.答案：recommended
解析：考查被动语态，“路线被推荐” 需用过去分词形式，结合旅游场景强化语境理解。
2.答案：to join
解析：考查 recommend sb. to do sth. 句型，新增社交语境体现推荐的实际功能。
3. 答案：recommendation
解析：考查名词转换，将抽象推荐具体化，衔接实际生活场景。
4.答案：organize；to；is recommended）
解析：综合考查虚拟语气（should 可省略）、介词搭配及被动语态，模拟真实写作场景。
5.答案：The counselor recommended that I (should) take a gap year to travel.）
解析：强化直接引语与间接引语转换中虚拟语气的应用。
【高考真题试练】
1.（2024 年新高考虚拟语气真题（语法填空））2024 年新高考虚拟语气真题（语法填空）
He recommended she ____________ some research about what a healthy diet would contain.
do B. did C. would do D. to do
2.(2024 年山东青岛高三调研试题（应用文写作）)假定你是李华，你校英语社团计划创建英文公众号，请给负责人 Ryan 写信推荐一个栏目，内容包括：
栏目名称；2. 栏目内容；3. 推荐理由。
（参考范文片段）
I recommend setting up a "Culture Talk" column, which I think is beneficial to all members. I strongly recommend that we invite foreign teachers to share their cultural experiences regularly. This column is recommended to everyone interested in cross-cultural communication.
(2025 年全国一卷语法填空（改编自真题考点）)The tour guide recommended ____________ (visit) the ancient temple in the early morning to avoid crowds. She also gave us a ____________ (recommend) list of local snacks.
2023 年浙江金华十校调研试题（应用文写作）
假定你是李华，向新西兰朋友 Jerry 推荐 “中国戏曲鉴赏” 线上课程，需说明推荐理由。
（高分句型摘录）
I recommend this course to you because it offers vivid explanations of opera costumes and music. My teacher once recommended that I ____________ (watch) classic operas to understand Chinese culture better.
【答案】
1.答案：A
解析：考查 recommend that 后的虚拟语气，从句谓语需用 “should + 动词原形”，should 可省略。本题直接考查核心语法点，区分度在于对虚拟语气标志词的敏感度。
2.解析：范文集中体现 recommend doing sth.、recommend that... 及 be recommended to 三种句型，符合高考对实用文体中语法多样性的要求。
3. 答案：visiting；recommendation）
解析：第一空考查 recommend doing sth.，第二空考查名词转换，体现高考 “语法 + 词汇” 的综合考查趋势。
4.解析：试题要求在真实交际场景中运用 recommend sth. to sb. 和虚拟语气结构，凸显高考对语言运用能力的考查。
3. content
adj. 满足的, 满意的
关键搭配：① be content with sth.（对…… 满意）；
② be content to do sth.（乐于做某事）
n. 内容; [pl. ]目录; (书、讲话、节目等的)主题; 含量
关键搭配：① the content of sth.（…… 的内容 / 含量）；
② table of contents（目录，固定短语）
vt. 使满足 关键搭配：content oneself with sth.（满足于某事，不求更多）
【典型例句】
We should never content ourselves with book knowledge only. 我们永远不要仅仅满足于书本知识。
【易混点区分】
形容词 content（满足的）vs. satisfied（满意的）：
二者可互换（be content with = be satisfied with），但 content 更侧重 “安于现状的满足”，satisfied 更侧重 “需求得到满足后的满意”。
名词 content（内容）：为不可数名词（表 “内容” 时），表 “目录” 或 “含量” 时可作可数名词（常用复数 contents）。
易混淆点：
“be content to do” 与 “be content with doing”：二者均可表 “乐于做某事”，但 to do 侧重 “具体动作”，with doing 侧重 “习惯性动作”（如：She is content to help today. vs. She is content with helping others.）。
名词 contents 的固定搭配：“table of contents”（目录）为复数形式，不可写作 “table of content”；“fat content”（脂肪含量）为不可数名词，用 content。
【知识拓展】
content 容量, 含量; (作品等的)内容; 词根词缀: con-共同+tent(-ten-)握, 持有
【即时练】
一、单句语法填空
The old man is content ________ (live) a simple life in the countryside, with no desire for expensive things.
After trying many times and failing, she finally contented herself ________ a silver medal instead of the gold one.
Before reading a book, it’s helpful to look at the table of ________ (content) to know its structure.
Most students are content ________ their exam results this time, but a few still want to improve.
The ________ (content) of this article mainly focuses on environmental protection measures for teenagers.
语境综合题（短文填空，融合多场景）
补全短文，每空填 1 词，使语义完整通顺。
Li Ming used to be unhappy with his ordinary job. His friends told him to be content ________ (6) what he had, but he refused. Later, he tried to start a business but failed. Finally, he contented himself ________ (7) being a community volunteer—he found joy in helping others and was no longer upset. Now, when he writes articles for the community newspaper, he always checks the ________ (8) carefully to make sure there are no mistakes. Last week, he even wrote a passage about “how to be content ________ (9) simple happiness”, which was popular among readers. Many people said they learned to content ________ (10) with small joys in life.
句型转换题（强化同义替换与语法变形）
改写句子，保持语义不变（用 content 替换 satisfied）：
She was satisfied with the gift her parents gave her on her birthday.
改写句子，将主动语态改为被动语态：
He contented himself with a cup of tea because he had no time for a full meal.
【答案】
答案：to live
解析：考查形容词用法（be content to do sth.），“乐于过简单生活” 符合语境，to 后接动词原形。
答案：with
解析：考查动词用法（content oneself with sth.），“满足于银牌” 体现 “接受现状”，符合动词 “使满足” 的语义。
答案：contents
解析：考查名词用法（表 “目录”），固定短语 “table of contents” 为可数名词复数，需用 contents。
答案：with
解析：考查形容词用法（be content with sth.），“对考试成绩满意” 符合 “需求得到满足” 的语境，with 后接名词短语。
答案：content
解析：考查名词用法（表 “内容”），此处为不可数名词，指 “文章的核心内容”，无需变复数。
二、答案：6. with；7. with；8. content；9. with；10. themselves）
解析：
6/9：考查 be content with sth.，分别表示 “对现有工作满意”“对简单幸福满意”；
7/10：考查 content oneself with sth.，7 空 “满足于做志愿者”，10 空 “让自己满足于小确幸”（反身代词 themselves 呼应主语 people）；
8：考查名词 content（表 “文章内容”），指 “检查文章内容确保无错”。
答案：She was content with the gift her parents gave her on her birthday.）
解析：考查形容词同义替换，be content with 与 be satisfied with 均可表 “对…… 满意”，语境中可互换。
答案：He was contented with a cup of tea because he had no time for a full meal.）
解析：考查动词 content 的被动用法，“be contented with” 为被动结构，语义与 “content oneself with” 一致，更侧重 “被现状满足” 的状态。
【高考真题试练】
1. 2024 年新高考 II 卷（语法填空）
People in some mountain villages are content ________ (live) without internet or smartphones, as they enjoy the quiet and natural life there.
2. 2023 年浙江卷（完形填空）
The chef refused to content himself ________ ordinary dishes; instead, he spent three months developing a new menu that combined local flavors with international styles.
A. with B. for C. on D. in
3. 2025 年全国甲卷（阅读理解七选五）
Before writing your essay, you should first outline the main ________ (content) to avoid missing key points. Also, remember to check the table of ________ (content) if you refer to reference books.
4. 2024 年北京卷（应用文写作）
假定你是李华，给英国笔友 Peter 写邮件，分享你对 “幸福” 的理解，内容包括：1. 你眼中的幸福；2. 如何发现幸福。
（高分范文片段）
In my opinion, happiness isn’t about having lots of money. Instead, it’s about being content with small things—like a warm meal from my mom or a walk with friends. I often tell myself to content myself with what I have, which makes me feel peaceful every day.
【答案】
1.答案：to live
解析：考查形容词用法（be content to do sth.），语境表 “乐于过没有网络的生活”，符合 “安于现状” 的语义，to 后接动词原形。本题直接考查核心句型，区分度在于对 “be content + 不定式” 结构的掌握。
2.答案：A
解析：考查动词固定搭配（content oneself with sth.），语境表 “不满足于普通菜肴”，with 后接 “普通菜肴”，符合 “满足于某物” 的搭配规则。干扰项 B/C/D 均不与 content oneself 搭配，需牢记固定介词 with。
3.答案：content；contents）
解析：考查名词用法辨析：
第一空 “main content” 指 “核心内容”，为不可数名词，用 content；
第二空 “table of contents” 为固定短语（表 “目录”），需用复数 contents。本题考查名词单复数的语境区分，是高考对 content 名词用法的典型考查方式。
4.解析：范文中两次运用 content 的核心用法：
① be content with small things（对小事满意），体现形容词用法；
② content myself with what I have（满足于自己拥有的），体现动词用法。符合高考应用文 “语法准确、搭配地道” 的评分标准，是 content 在写作中的实用范例。
5.focus
vi. 集中（精力、注意力）
关键搭配 ：focus on sth.（集中于某事），如：She focuses on her studies.（她专注于学习）
vt. 集中(精力, 注意力等); 使调节焦距
关键句型 ：focus one’s attention/energy/eyes on sth.（把注意力 / 精力 / 目光集中于某事），如：He focused his eyes on the blackboard.
n. 中心; 重点; 焦点
关键搭配 ：① the focus of sth.（…… 的焦点 / 重点），如：the focus of attention/concern（注意力/关注的焦点）；② in focus（清晰的）/out of focus（模糊的）
【典型例句】It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families, shouldering the hope of their parents. 这表明当今的一个普遍现象: 孩子是家庭的中心, 承载着父母的希望。
【同义短语对比】
focus on = concentrate on（集中注意力于……），二者可互换，focus 更侧重 “目标明确的集中”，concentrate 更侧重 “排除干扰的集中”；
pay attention to（注意……）：侧重 “有意识地关注”，后接名词 / 动名词，如：pay attention to details（注意细节）；
put one’s heart into（全神贯注于……）：侧重 “投入情感的专注”，如：put one’s heart into work（全身心投入工作）。
the focus of attention/concern 注意力/关注的焦点
【易错点提醒】
非谓语区分：“with + 宾语 + 宾补” 结构中，若宾语与 focus 是被动关系（如 attention 被集中），用过去分词focused；若宾语与 focus 是主动关系（如 people 主动集中目光），用现在分词focusing；
形容词区分：focused（adj. 专注的，修饰人），如：a focused student（专注的学生）；focusing（adj. 聚焦的，修饰物），如：a focusing lens（聚焦镜头）。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
In online classes, it’s hard for students to focus ________ their lessons because of the temptation of mobile phones.
The teacher told us to focus our ________ (attention) on the key points when taking notes.
With all her energy ________ (focus) on preparing for the exam, she had no time to hang out with friends.
The research team’s latest report focuses on the ________ (focus) of environmental protection in rural areas.
When giving a speech, try to keep your eyes focused on the audience—avoid ________ (focus) on a single person for too long.
语境综合题（短文填空 + 真实场景）
补全短文（职场 / 学习场景），每空填 1 词，使语义连贯：
In today’s fast-paced work environment, many people struggle to ________ (6) on their tasks. A time-management expert suggests two tips: first, set a clear ________ (7) for each workday—this helps you avoid wasting time on unimportant things; second, when working, keep your phone in another room, with your full attention ________ (8) on the task. Last week, our team applied these tips in a project, and we found that everyone became more ________ (9) and efficient. The project manager said, “The ________ (10) of our success is staying focused on our goals.”
【答案】
答案：on
解析：考查不及物动词搭配（focus on），“集中注意力于课程” 符合语境，on 为固定介词，后接名词短语 “their lessons”。
答案：attention
解析：考查及物动词搭配（focus one’s attention on），“attention” 为不可数名词，“集中注意力于重点” 符合 “记笔记” 的场景，语法上 “one’s” 后接名词。
答案：focused
解析：考查 “with 复合结构”，energy 与 focus 是被动关系（精力被集中于备考），故用过去分词 focused，符合 “被动关系用过去分词” 的语法规则。
答案：focus
解析：考查名词用法（表 “重点”），定冠词 the 后接名词，“the focus of environmental protection” 意为 “环境保护的重点”，符合 “报告聚焦农村环保重点” 的语义。
答案：focusing）
解析：考查动名词用法，avoid 后接动名词作宾语，“避免长时间聚焦于一个人” 符合 “演讲技巧” 的语境，focusing 体现主动关系（演讲者主动聚焦）。
focus；考查不及物动词（focus on），“集中注意力于任务”，符合 “时间管理” 语境；
focus；考查名词（表 “目标 / 重点”），“set a clear focus” 意为 “设定明确的重点”，符合 “每日工作规划” 的逻辑；
focused；考查 “with 复合结构”，attention 与 focus 是被动关系，用 focused；
focused；考查形容词（修饰人），“focused” 意为 “专注的”，描述团队成员状态；
focus 考查名词（表 “关键 / 核心”），“the focus of success” 意为 “成功的关键”，总结 “专注” 的重要性。
【高考真题试练】
1. 2024 年新高考 I 卷（语法填空）
To help students stay focused in class, teachers often use interactive activities that make them focus their ________ (attention) on participation rather than passive listening.
2. 2023 年浙江卷（完形填空）
During the interview, the interviewer advised me to ________ on my strengths and avoid talking too much about my weaknesses.
A. focus B. depend C. insist D. rely
3. 2025 年全国乙卷（阅读理解七选五）
When writing an essay, you should first decide the main ________ (focus) of your article. Then, organize your ideas around this focus and make sure each paragraph focuses ________ supporting it.
4. 2024 年北京卷（应用文写作）
假定你是李华，给学校英语报社写一封信，建议增设 “学习方法” 专栏，内容包括：1. 专栏的核心内容；2. 开设专栏的意义。
（高分范文片段）
I suggest the column focus on practical learning tips—for example, how to focus one’s attention on study when there are distractions, and how to set a clear focus for daily learning. This column will help students become more focused and improve their study efficiency.
【答案】
答案：attention
解析：考查及物动词搭配（focus one’s attention on），“attention” 为不可数名词，“集中注意力于参与” 符合 “课堂互动活动” 的语境，语法上 “their” 后接名词，直接考查核心搭配。
答案：A
解析：考查动词固定搭配，“focus on” 意为 “聚焦于……”，符合 “面试中聚焦优势” 的场景；干扰项 B（depend on，依赖）、C（insist on，坚持）、D（rely on，依靠）均与 “strengths（优势）” 搭配不当，需牢记 focus on 的语义。
答案：focus；on）
解析：考查名词 + 动词用法：
第一空：名词 focus（表 “重点”），“the main focus of the article” 意为 “文章的核心重点”，符合 “写作前定重点” 的逻辑；
第二空：动词搭配 focus on，“focus on supporting it” 意为 “聚焦于支撑核心重点”，符合 “段落围绕重点展开” 的写作逻辑。
4.解析：范文三次运用 focus 的核心用法：
① focus on（聚焦于实用学习技巧）：不及物动词搭配；
② focus one’s attention on（集中注意力于学习）：及物动词搭配；
③ set a clear focus（设定明确的重点）：名词用法；
④ focused（adj. 专注的）：修饰学生状态。
全面覆盖多词性用法，符合高考写作 “语法多样、搭配地道” 的评分标准。
5.debate n.争论;辩论 vi.&vt.争论;辩论
【词块必记】
n. under debate 在讨论/辩论中
have a heated debate 进行激烈的辩论
beyond/without debate 无可争议
vi. debate with sb. about/on sth. 就某事与某人辩论
如：They debated with each other on environmental protection.
vt. debate sth.（辩论某事），如：debate the plan（辩论计划）；
debate whether/if...（辩论是否……），如：debate whether to attend the meeting
【联想】“under+名词”搭配集锦:
under consideration在考虑中;在讨论中
Your proposal is under consideration.（你的提议正在考虑中）
under construction在建造中
The library is under construction.（图书馆正在建造中）
under control在控制中
under discussion在讨论中
The problem has been under discussion for a week.（这个问题已讨论一周）
under guarantee在保修期内
under pressure在压力下
under repair在修理中 My bike is under repair.（我的自行车正在修理）
under debate 在讨论中 The new policy is still under debate.（新政策仍在讨论中）
【易错点】
介词固定：debate作动词时，“与某人辩论某事” 需用debate with sb. about/on sth.，不可省略about/on；
“under + 名词” 无被动：此类搭配本身表被动含义（如under construction=being built），无需再用被动语态；
名词可数性：debate作 “一场辩论” 时为可数名词（如a debate），表 “辩论这一行为” 时为不可数名词（如the art of debate）。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
The question of whether students should use mobile phones at school is still ________ debate.
The two teams will have a heated debate ________ the importance of after-school tutoring this Friday.
They debated ________ (attend) the international debate competition, but finally decided to focus on exams.
The plan to build a new stadium has been under ________ (discuss) for months, and it will soon be under debate among the public.
No one debated ________ the truth of his words—his honesty is beyond debate.
After ________ (debate) with the teacher about the homework deadline, the students finally got an extra day.
Whether we should reduce the number of exams is a debate ________ has lasted for years.
The design of the school uniform is under debate, and all students are welcome to share their ________ (debate) ideas.
二、语境综合题（短文填空 +“under + 名词” 运用）
补全校园辩论会场景短文，每空填 1 词：
Our school held a debate competition last week. The topic ________ (9) debate was “Should students take part in after-school clubs ” Before the competition, each team debated ________ (10) their coach about their strategies. During the competition, the audience watched a heated debate ________ (11) the two teams—both sides argued strongly. After the competition, the result was under ________ (12) for an hour, and finally, Team A won. Many students said the debate helped them understand different views, and the value of debate is beyond ________ (13).
【答案】
答案：under
解析：考查固定搭配under debate（在讨论中），“学校是否允许学生用手机的问题仍在讨论中”，符合语境，under不可替换为in/on。
答案：about/on
解析：考查debate作名词的搭配，“就某事进行辩论” 需用debate about/on sth.，“关于课后辅导的重要性” 符合语义。
答案：whether to attend/attending
解析：考查debate作动词的用法：① 接whether to do表 “辩论是否做某事”；② 接动名词attending表 “辩论参加这件事”，二者均符合语境。
答案：discussion
解析：考查 “under + 名词” 辨析，under discussion（在讨论中）与后文under debate（在辩论中）形成递进，体现 “内部讨论→公众辩论” 的逻辑，需填名词discussion。
答案：about/on
解析：考查debate作动词的介词搭配，“辩论他话语的真实性” 需用debate about/on sth.，后文 “他的诚实无可争议” 进一步印证无需辩论，语义连贯。
答案：debating
解析：考查动名词用法，介词after后接动名词，“与老师辩论作业截止日期后”，debate的动名词为debating，符合语法规则。
答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句，debate作先行词，指 “一场辩论”，定语从句中缺主语，需用关系代词that/which，体现 “关于是否减少考试的辩论已持续多年”。
答案：debated
解析：考查形容词用法，debated（adj. 经过辩论的）修饰名词ideas，“分享经过辩论的观点” 符合 “校服设计在讨论中” 的语境，注意区分debated（修饰物）与debating（表主动，如debating students）。
二、答案：9. under；10. with；11. between；12. discussion/consideration；13. debate
解析：9：under debate（讨论中的话题），固定搭配；
10：debate with sb.（与教练辩论策略），需填with；
11：a debate between the two teams（两队之间的辩论），填between；
12：under discussion/consideration（结果在讨论 / 考虑中），符合 “结果需一小时后公布” 的逻辑；
13：beyond debate（无可争议），总结 “辩论的价值无可争议”。
【高考真题试练】
1. 2024 年新高考 II 卷（语法填空）
The proposal to extend the school day is still ________ debate among teachers, parents and students—some support it, while others oppose it.
2. 2023 年浙江卷（完形填空）
The students ________ with their teacher about the homework load, and finally the teacher agreed to reduce some assignments.
A. debated B. talked C. agreed D. argued
3. 2025 年江苏高三模拟（阅读理解七选五）
When a topic is ________ debate, it’s important to listen to different opinions instead of sticking to your own. For example, if the topic is “online learning”, you can learn from others’ views on its advantages and disadvantages.
4. 2024 年北京卷（应用文写作）
假定你是李华，校辩论社邀请你写一则通知，告知同学们即将举办的 “校园环保” 主题辩论会，内容包括：1. 辩论主题；2. 时间和地点；3. 报名方式。
（高分范文片段）
Our school debate club will hold a heated debate about “How to Protect the Campus Environment” next Friday in the school hall. The topic is under debate among club members now, and all students are welcome to join. To sign up, please send an email to debateclub@ before next Wednesday.
【答案】
答案：under
解析：考查固定搭配under debate（在讨论中），语境表 “延长在校时间的提议仍在讨论中”，under为唯一正确介词，直接考查debate的核心搭配，属于基础得分点。
答案：A
解析：考查动词辨析，debate with sb. about sth.（与某人辩论某事）符合 “学生与老师辩论作业量，最终老师同意减少” 的语境；干扰项 B（talk with，闲聊，无 “辩论” 含义）、C（agree with，同意，与后文 “减少作业” 矛盾）、D（argue with，争吵，语气较激烈，不符合师生场景），需结合语境区分debate与近义词。
答案：under
解析：考查 “under + 名词” 搭配，under debate（在讨论中）与后文 “倾听不同观点” 呼应，体现 “讨论中需包容不同意见” 的逻辑，本题虽为模拟题，但贴合高考对 “under + 名词” 固定搭配的考查趋势。
解析：范文运用debate的核心用法：
① hold a heated debate about sth.（举办关于某事的激烈辩论会）：名词用法；
② under debate（在讨论中）：固定搭配；
符合高考应用文 “语法准确、搭配地道” 的要求，是debate在写作中的实用范例。
6.confuse vt.使糊涂;使迷惑
【词块必记】
（1）confuse sb. with...用……使某人困惑
confuse A with B 把A与B混淆；confuse sb. with sth. 用某事使某人困惑
（2）confused adj.(人)糊涂的;迷惑的
be confused about...对……感到困惑 如：a confused student
（3）confusing adj.(物）难以理解的;不清楚的 如：a confusing explanation），表 “令人困惑的”
（4）confusion n.困惑;混乱
in confusion困惑地;混乱地； avoid confusion（避免混乱）
【即时练】
一、单句填空
① Don’t confuse this word ________ its similar form—they have different meanings.
② Many students feel confused ________ grammar rules, especially tenses.
③ The instructions on the machine are so ________ (confuse) that no one can understand them.
二、语境综合题（短文填空）
The teacher’s question ________ (④ confuse) all of us—it was too abstract. I looked at my deskmate, who was also ________ (⑤ confused) and shook her head. We stood there in ________ (⑥ confusion), not knowing how to answer. Later, the teacher gave a ________ (⑦ confusing) explanation, which made us even more confused.
【答案】
答案：with
解析：考查confuse A with B（把 A 与 B 混淆），“不要把这个词和它的相似形式混淆”，固定搭配。
答案：about
解析：考查be confused about（对…… 困惑），“学生对语法规则困惑”，修饰人用 confused。
答案：confusing
解析：考查形容词辨析，修饰物 “说明书” 用 confusing（令人困惑的），符合 “没人能看懂” 的语境。
答案：confused
解析：动词 confuse 作谓语，时态为过去时（与后文 shook 一致）；
答案：confused
解析：修饰人 “同桌” 用 confused
答案： confusion；
解析：名词 confusion 作介词 in 的宾语；
答案：confusing
解析：修饰物 “解释” 用 confusing。
【高考真题试练】
2024 年新高考 II 卷（语法填空）
Many people confuse “climate” with “weather”—the former refers to long-term conditions, while the latter is short-term.
2023 年浙江卷（完形填空）
The ________ (confuse) map made us lose our way in the forest—we had to call for help.
【答案】
解析：考查confuse A with B（把 A 与 B 混淆），直接考查固定搭配，区分 “气候” 与 “天气” 的易混概念，属于基础得分点。
答案：confusing）
解析：考查形容词辨析，修饰物 “地图” 用 confusing（令人困惑的），符合 “迷路” 的语境，区分 confused（修饰人）与 confusing（修饰物）的核心考点。
7.suitable adj.适合的;适用的;适宜的
【词块必记】
(1)be suitable for sb./sth.适合某人/某物
be suitable to do sth.适合做某事
(2)suit vt. 适合;使适宜 n.服装;套装
suit one's needs适合某人的需要 suit sb.（适合某人，指口味 / 条件）
辨析suit,match,fit
(1)suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位、时间等。
(2)match多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。
(3)fit多指大小、形状合适,引申为“吻合,协调”。
【即时练】
一、单句语法填空
①This dress is suitable ________ a formal party, but not for daily wear.
②She is looking for a job suitable ________ (work) flexible hours.
③The design of the poster doesn’t match the theme—can you adjust it to ________ (suit) our activity
【辨析题】
④ These shoes ________ (fit) me well, but their color doesn’t ________ (match) my skirt.
⑤This schedule ________ (suit) my needs—I can attend both classes and the meeting.
【一句多译】
⑥ These regions seem too dry ________ (be suitable for) agriculture.
⑦ （一句多译）我适合这项志愿者工作。
→ I am this voluntary work.
→ This voluntary work me.
【答案】
1.答案：for
解析：考查be suitable for sth.（适合某物），“连衣裙适合正式派对”，固定搭配。
答案：to work
解析：考查be suitable to do sth.（适合做某事），“找一份适合弹性工作时间的工作”，to 后接动词原形。
3.答案：suit
解析：考查动词 suit（适合需求），“调整海报以适合活动”，区别于 match（搭配）。
答案：fit；match fit 表 “大小合适”，match 表 “颜色搭配”；
答案：suits 表 “合乎需求”，符合 “日程适合” 的语境。
答案：to be suitable for
解析：考查too...to...+be suitable for，“太干燥不适合农业”，固定结构。
答案：suitable for；答案：suits
【高考真题试练】
2025 年全国甲卷（语法填空）
The course is suitable ________ students who want to improve their oral English—It focuses on daily conversations.
2024 年北京卷（完形填空）
—Which shirt should I wear to the interview
—The blue one—it ________ your skin tone and ________ the formal occasion.
A. fits; suits B. matches; suits C. suits; fits D. matches; fits
【答案】
1. 答案：for
解析：考查be suitable for sb.（适合某人），直接考查固定搭配，语境表 “课程适合想提升口语的学生”。
2. 答案：B
解析：考查辨析，match 表 “颜色搭配肤色”，suit 表 “适合正式场合”，fit 表 “大小合适”（此处不涉及尺寸），故 B 正确。
8.be attracted to 喜爱
【词块必记】
(1)v. 吸引 attract one’s attention/mind 吸引某人的注意力
attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某事
(2) attraction n. 吸引力
a tourist attraction 旅游景点 the attraction of sth.（某事的吸引力）
(3) attractive adj. 吸引人的
be attractive to 对……有吸引力 an attractive place（吸引人的地方）
【即时练】
一、单句语法填空
①Young people are often attracted to ________ (try) new things, like extreme sports.
②The most ________ (attract) part of the city is its ancient temples—many tourists visit them.
③The Great Wall is one of the most famous tourist ________ (attraction) in China.
二、语境综合题
The new library ________ (④ attract) many students because its design is ________ (⑤ attractive). It has a special area for reading, which is ________ (⑥ attract) to book lovers. The main ________ (⑦ attraction) is the large collection of novels.
【答案】
答案：trying
解析：考查be attracted to doing sth.（被吸引做某事），to 为介词，后接动名词。
答案：attractive
解析：考查形容词 attractive（吸引人的），修饰名词 “part”，符合 “古寺吸引人” 的语境。
答案：attractions
解析：考查名词复数，“one of + 复数名词”，attraction（景点）为可数名词，故用复数。
答案：attracts
解析：动词 attract 作谓语，主语为单数，用三单形式；
5.答案：attractive
解析：形容词 attractive（吸引人的）修饰 design；
6.答案：attractive
解析：be attractive to（对…… 有吸引力）
7.答案：attraction
解析：名词 attraction（吸引力）作主语。
【高考真题试练】
2024 年新高考 I 卷（阅读理解 A 篇）
The museum’s new exhibition attracts visitors to its interactive displays—children are especially attracted to the hands-on science experiments.
解析：考查attract sb. to sth.（吸引某人关注某事），语境表 “博物馆展览吸引游客，孩子被互动实验吸引”，直接考查核心搭配。
2023 年浙江卷（语法填空）
What makes this small town is its quiet streets and friendly people—It has become a popular tourist .
（答案：attractive；attraction）
解析：第一空形容词 attractive（吸引人的）作宾语补足语；第二空名词 attraction（景点），考查派生词转换，符合 “形容词→名词” 的高考高频考点。
9.be responsible for 对……负责
【词块必记】
(1)be responsible for sth./sb. 对……负责 a responsible person（负责任的人）
responsible adj. 负责任的; 对……负责的
(2)responsibility n. 责任; 责任心; 职责; 义务
a sense of responsibility 责任感
take responsibility for 对……负责
take responsibility to do sth. 负起做某事的责任
【即时练】
一、单句语法填空
①As a class monitor, you should be responsible ________ organizing class activities.
②Everyone should take ________ (responsible) for protecting the environment—It’s our duty.
③The teacher praised Tom for being ________ (responsibility) —he always finishes his tasks on time.
【答案】
答案：for
解析：考查be responsible for doing sth.（对做某事负责），“班长负责组织班级活动”，固定搭配。
答案：responsibility
解析：考查名词转换，take responsibility for（承担责任），responsibility 为不可数名词。
答案：responsible
解析：考查形容词 responsible（负责任的），作表语，符合 “汤姆负责任被表扬” 的语境。
【高考真题试练】
2025 年全国乙卷（语法填空）
Parents should teach their children to be for their own mistakes and take for correcting them.
2024 年北京卷（应用文写作）
高分范文片段：As a volunteer, I am responsible for guiding visitors and answering their questions. I also take responsibility for keeping the exhibition hall clean.
【答案】
答案：responsible；responsibility
解析：第一空be responsible for（对错误负责）；第二空take responsibility for（承担纠正错误的责任），考查形容词与名词的转换，符合高考 “词性灵活运用” 的要求。
解析：运用be responsible for和take responsibility for，体现 “志愿者的责任”，符合应用文 “表达具体职责” 的需求，语法准确且搭配地道。
10.be/get addicted to (doing) sth. 沉溺于(做)某事
(1)addict n. 吸毒成瘾的人; 对……入迷的人
a game addict（游戏成瘾者）；a drug addict（吸毒成瘾者）
(2) addiction n. 上瘾; 沉溺; 嗜好 overcome addiction to sth.（克服对某事的成瘾）
(3) addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
an addictive game（使人上瘾的游戏）；addictive food（使人上瘾的食物）
(4) addictive vt. 使人上瘾的 使成瘾（被动：be addicted）
be addicted to doing sth.（沉溺于做某事），to 为介词
【即时练】
一、单句语法填空
①Teenagers who are addicted to ________ (play) online games often neglect their studies.
②He used to be a coffee addict, but he finally overcame his ________ (addict) to it.
③This mobile game is so ________ (addictive) that many people spend hours on it every day.
二、语境综合题
Tom got addicted to ________ (④ watch) short videos last year—his parents were worried about his ________ (⑤ addiction). The videos were ________ (⑥ addictive), and he couldn’t stop watching them. Later, with help, he stopped being an ________ (⑦ addict) and focused on his studies.
【答案】
答案：playing
解析：考查be addicted to doing sth.，to 为介词，后接动名词 “玩网游”。
答案：addiction
解析：考查名词转换，overcome addiction to（克服对…… 的成瘾），addiction 为名词。
答案：addictive
解析：考查形容词 addictive（使人上瘾的），修饰物 “游戏”，符合 “让人花数小时玩” 的语境。
答案：④ watching；⑤ addiction；⑥ addictive；⑦ addict
解析：④ get addicted to doing，动名词 watching；⑤ 名词 addiction（成瘾）作宾语；⑥ 形容词 addictive（使人上瘾的）修饰 videos；⑦ 名词 addict（成瘾者），“不再是短视频成瘾者”。
【高考真题试练】
1.2024 年新高考 II 卷（阅读理解 C 篇）
Studies show that people who are addicted to social media are more likely to feel anxious—overcoming addiction to it can improve mental health.
2.2025 年江苏高三模拟（语法填空）
The research found that the new app is less than others, so it won’t make users get to it easily.
【答案】
解析：考查be addicted to和addiction to，语境表 “社交媒体成瘾与焦虑的关系”，直接考查核心搭配，属于社会热点话题（青少年心理健康）。
2.答案：addictive；addicted
解析：第一空形容词 addictive（使人上瘾的）修饰物 “app”；第二空get addicted to（沉溺于），修饰人 “users”，区分派生词的核心用法。
11. 句型公式: what引导的宾语从句
It will help you to predict what you will hear. 它将帮助你预测你将听到的内容。
what 既可以引导宾语从句, 也可以引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句, 在从句中作主语、表语或宾语。
what, that引导名词性从句的区别
what 作主语、表语或宾语, 有词义, 不能省略；that 不作任何成分, 没有真实含义, 不可以省略(宾语从句除外)
what引导主语或表语从句，作主语 / 表语，不可用 that 替代，如：What he said is true.（他说的话是真的）
【即时练】
一、完成句子
①________ (她需要的) is a good rest after working for a whole day.
②I don’t know ________ (他想要什么礼物) for his birthday.
③The teacher explained ________ (这道题难在哪里) to the students.
【答案】
答案：What she needs
解析：what 引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语（“她需要的东西”），不可用 that。
答案：what gift he wants/what he wants as a gift）
解析：what 引导宾语从句，在从句中作定语（“什么礼物”）或宾语（“想要的东西”），语序为陈述语序。
答案：what makes this problem difficult/where this problem is difficult）
解析：what 引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语（“使题难的因素”）。
【高考真题试练】
1.2024 年新高考 I 卷（语法填空）
I still remember what my teacher told me—“Never give up when you face difficulties.”
2.2023 年浙江卷（完形填空）
She always thinks about ________ others need and tries to help them—this is why everyone likes her.
what B. that C. which D. who
【答案】
1. 解析：what 引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语（“老师告诉我的话”），不可用 that（that 不作宾语），考查 what 在宾语从句中的成分作用。
2.答案：A
解析：what 引导宾语从句，在从句中作 need 的宾语（“别人需要的东西”），that 不作成分，which 表 “哪一个”，who 表 “谁”，均不符合语境。
12. 句型公式:it+be+adj.+动词不定式, it作形式主语
It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world.
对于你们这一代的青少年来说, 喜欢电脑游戏和网络世界并不罕见。
本句型中it是形式主语,不定式短语是真正的主语;不定式的前面可以通过for/
of 加上自己的逻辑主语。
(1)it be+adj.+for sb. to do sth.句式中,作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质和特点,常见的有
easy、important、difficult、possible、necessary等。
(2)it be+adj.+of sb. to do sth.句式中,作表语的形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的品行、性格等,常见的有kind、nice、good、stupid、silly、careful、careless等。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
It is necessary ________ (learn) basic life skills, like cooking and cleaning.
It is kind ________ you to share your books with me.
③It is difficult ________ students to finish the task in 30 minutes.
【答案】
答案：to learn
解析：it 作形式主语，真正主语为不定式 “学习生活技能”，表 “事情的必要性”。
答案：of
解析：表 “你的品行善良”，用 of sb.，形容词 kind 描述人。
答案：for
解析：表 “任务的难度”，用 for sb.，形容词 difficult 描述事情。
【高考真题试练】
2025 年全国甲卷（语法填空）
It is important teenagers a sense of responsibility—It helps them grow into responsible adults.
2024 年北京卷（写作）
高分范文片段：It is kind of you to invite me to the party, but I’m sorry I can’t go—it’s difficult for me to finish my homework before this weekend.
【答案】
答案：for；to develop
解析：考查it be+adj.+for sb. to do，表 “青少年培养责任感的重要性”，形容词 important 描述事情，符合句型规则。
解析：运用it be+adj.+of sb.（表 “你善良”）和it be+adj.+for sb.（表 “完成作业难”），区分两种句型，体现语法多样性。
13. 句型公式: 及物动词+it作形式宾语+宾语补足语+真正的宾语
常用动词：make/find/feel/think/consider
例句：But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life.
但是在网上花费太多的时间是不健康的, 并且让你很难集中精力在生活中的其他事情上。
【即时练】
单句填空
①She thinks it important ________ (practice) speaking English every day.
②We made ________ clear that we would support his decision.
③He found it difficult ________ (solve) the problem alone.
【答案】
答案：to practice
解析：think+it+adj.+to do，it 为形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式 “练习英语”。
答案：it
解析：make+it+adj.+that 从句，it 为形式宾语，避免 “make that 从句” 的错误结构。
答案：to solve
解析：find+it+adj.+to do，“发现独自解决问题难”，it 替代不定式作形式宾语。
【高考真题试练】
2025 年全国乙卷（语法填空）
The teacher made it clear students should hand in their homework on time.
2024 年新高考 II 卷（完形填空）
I find ________ hard to balance study and extracurricular activities, but my teacher helps me make a schedule.
this B. that C. it D. one
【答案】
1.that 解析：考查make+it+adj.+that从句，it 为形式宾语，真正宾语为 that 从句（“学生应按时交作业”），避免 “make that 从句” 的语法错误，属于高频考点。
2. 答案：C
解析：考查 it 作形式宾语，find it hard to do（发现做某事难），it 替代不定式 “to balance...”，this/that/one 均不可作形式宾语，直接考查句型核心结构。
语法点
Grammar 名词短语 形容词短语 副词短语
(一)名词短语中修饰名词的有：形容词、数词、代词、名词、分词、介词短语、不定式或副词
1．形容词修饰名词The_little_boy needs a_blue_pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。
2．数词修饰名词相当于形容词There are two_boys in the room.房间里有两个男孩。
3．代词或名词所有格修饰名词His_name is Tom.他的名字是汤姆。
There are two_boys_of_Toms there.那儿有汤姆家的两个男孩。
4．介词短语修饰名词The_boy_in_blue is Tom.穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
5．名词修饰名词There is only one ball pen in the_pencil_box.这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。
6．副词修饰名词The_best_boy_here is Tom.这里最棒的男孩是汤姆。
7．不定式修饰名词The_boy_to_write_this_letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
8．分词(短语)修饰名词
The_smiling_boy needs a_pen_bought_by_his_mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
(二)名词短语中修饰名词的词或短语其位置一般有两种：用在名词之前的叫前置定语，用在名词之后的叫后置定语
1．定语前置
在英语里，一般定语前置时的次序为：限定词、形容词、分词、动名词和名词性定语，但当几个形容词同时出现在名词短语之前，应注意其次序，其形容词遵循的次序为：限观形龄色国材，其指：限定词(一般指数量)；外观(美丽等)；形状(大小，高矮，肥瘦)；年龄；颜色；国籍；材料；用途。如：
an_interesting_little_red_French_oil painting 一幅小的有趣的法国红色油画
2．定语后置
(1)短语作定语一般在名词之后
He gave me a basket full_of_eggs. 他给我一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。
(2)副词作定语一般在名词之后
The_people_here are very friendly. 这里的人很友好。
总结：前置定语：形容词（a red pen）、数词（two boys）、代词（his book）、名词（a pencil box）、副词（the boy here 除外，副词仅少数可前置，如only one）；
后置定语：介词短语（the boy in blue）、不定式（the boy to write）、分词短语（the pen bought by Mom）、副词（the people there）。
1．形容词短语，通常是副词修饰形容词，副词修饰形容词主要见于表示程度。如：
I was rather_angry at what he said。我对他说的话相当生气。
Mary and Jane are quite_different. 玛丽与简大不一样。
The music is too_loud;_please turn it down. 这音乐太吵人了，请把音量关小一点。
It's difficult_enough,_but it could have been worse. 这事情够困难的了，本来可能会更糟呢。
Let's go shopping now. The shops should be fairly_empty. 我们去商店买东西吧。商店里人不会太多。
2．副词修饰形容词，有时也表示方面或方式等。如：
I am economically_independent. 我在经济方面是独立的。
The book is historically_inaccurate. 这本书从历史上说不准确。
总结：构成：副词（表程度 / 方面）+ 形容词，如quite different（程度）、economically independent（方面）；
常见修饰副词：程度副词（very, quite, rather, too, enough）、方面副词（economically, historically）；
易错点：“enough” 修饰形容词需后置（difficult enough，不可说 enough difficult）。
副词短语，通常是副词修饰副词，主要见于表示程度。此时，起修饰作用的副词常见的有almost, fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。如：
He was back quite_quickly. 他很快就回来了。
They thought very_highly of him. 他们对他评价很高。
I think you have done your work very_finely. 我认为你工作干得不错。
He spoke too_quickly for me to understand. 他说得太快了，我听不懂。
Having lived there for two years, he knew the place quite_well. 他在那里住过两年，对这地方很熟悉。
总结：构成：副词（表程度）+ 副词，如quite quickly、very highly；
常见修饰副词：almost, fairly, quite, very, too, nearly, greatly；
功能：多修饰动作的 “程度”（如too fast “太快”）或 “方式”（如very well “很好”）。
【即时练】
一、指出下列句中画线短语的类型（①名词短语；②形容词短语；③副词短语），并标注名词短语的定语类型（如 “前置定语 - 形容词”）：
(1) She bought a beautiful white cotton dress yesterday.
(2) The movie was rather boring for most teenagers.
(3) He finished his homework quite carefully before dinner.
(4) The girl in the red coat is my deskmate.
(5) This problem is too difficult for us to solve.
答案与解析：
(1) ①名词短语；定语：前置定语（beautiful - 形容词，white - 形容词，cotton - 名词）→ 符合 “限观形龄色国材” 中 “外观 + 颜色 + 材料” 排序。
(2) ②形容词短语；修饰副词 “rather” 表程度，说明 “电影相当无聊”。
(3) ③副词短语；修饰副词 “quite” 表程度，说明 “做作业相当认真”。
(4) ①名词短语；定语：后置定语（in the red coat - 介词短语）→ 介词短语作定语必后置。
(5) ②形容词短语；修饰副词 “too” 表程度，“too difficult” 符合 “副词 + 形容词” 结构。
二、 根据要求完成句子（每空限填 1 词）：
(1) We visited a ________ (tradition) Chinese village last weekend.（用形容词修饰名词，构成名词短语）
(2) The story she told was ________ (surprise) enough to make us laugh.（用副词修饰形容词，构成形容词短语）
(3) My mom cooks ________ (quick) very when she’s busy.（修正副词短语，使结构正确）
(4) The boy ________ (wear) a black hat is my little brother.（用分词短语作后置定语，构成名词短语）
答案与解析：
(1) traditional；“传统的中国村庄”，形容词 “traditional” 前置修饰名词 “village”，符合名词短语定语规则。
(2) surprising；“enough” 修饰形容词 “surprising” 需后置，“surprising enough” 为形容词短语，表 “足够令人惊讶”。
(3) very quickly；副词短语中程度副词 “very” 需前置修饰 “quickly”，正确结构为 “very quickly”（很快地）。
(4) wearing；现在分词短语 “wearing a black hat” 后置修饰名词 “boy”，表 “正在戴黑帽子的男孩”，符合后置定语规则。
【高考真题试练】
三、2023-2025 年高考真题精选（含考点关联）
考点 1：名词短语的定语类型（前置 / 后置）
1. 2024 年新高考 I 卷（语法填空）
In many ________ (north) cities of China, people celebrate the Lantern Festival with beautiful lantern shows.
答案：northern
考点关联：形容词作前置定语修饰名词 “cities”；“north”（名词）需转换为形容词 “northern”（北方的），符合 “形容词前置修饰名词” 规则。
解析：名词 “cities” 需形容词修饰，“north” 的形容词形式为 “northern”，表 “北方的城市”，语法上符合名词短语的定语要求。
2. 2025 年全国甲卷（短文改错）
The bookstore near our school sells books of all kinds, including the ones write by local authors.
错误修正：write → written
考点关联：过去分词短语作后置定语；“books written by local authors”（当地作家写的书），过去分词短语 “written by...” 后置修饰名词 “books”，符合 “分词短语作后置定语” 规则。
解析：名词 “ones”（指代 books）与 “write” 是被动关系，需用过去分词 “written” 作后置定语，原句用动词原形 “write” 错误。
考点 2：形容词短语（副词修饰形容词）
3. 2023 年浙江卷（完形填空）
The performance was ________ (impress) that many audience members stood up to clap. We all thought it was quite a success.
答案：impressive
考点关联：副词 “quite” 修饰形容词 “impressive”，构成形容词短语 “quite impressive”；此处需将名词 “impress” 转换为形容词 “impressive”（令人印象深刻的），符合 “副词 + 形容词” 结构。
解析：系动词 “was” 后需形容词作表语，“impress” 的形容词形式为 “impressive”，“quite impressive” 表 “相当令人印象深刻”，贴合 “观众起立鼓掌” 的语境。
4. 2024 年北京卷（语法填空）
It’s ________ (danger) to walk alone in the forest at night, so you should be very careful.
答案：dangerous
考点关联：形容词 “dangerous” 作表语，隐含 “too dangerous”（太危险）的形容词短语逻辑；此处需将名词 “danger” 转换为形容词 “dangerous”，符合 “it be + 形容词 + to do” 句型中形容词短语的应用。
解析：“it be + 形容词” 结构中，“danger” 需变为形容词 “dangerous”，表 “夜晚在森林独行很危险”，与后文 “be very careful”（副词修饰形容词，构成 “very careful” 短语）呼应。
考点 3：副词短语（副词修饰副词）
5. 2025 年全国乙卷（语法填空）
The athlete ran ________ (fast) enough to break the school record. His coach praised him for training hard.
答案：fast
考点关联：副词短语 “fast enough”（足够快地），“enough” 修饰副词 “fast” 需后置，符合 “副词 + enough” 的副词短语规则。
解析：动词 “ran” 需副词修饰，“fast” 本身是副词，“fast enough” 表 “跑得足够快”，语法上符合副词短语的后置要求，语境上与 “打破校纪录” 匹配。
6. 2023 年新高考 II 卷（完形填空）
She speaks English ________ (clear) that even foreign teachers can understand her easily. I think she practices very ________ (hard) every day.
答案：clearly；hard
考点关联：①副词 “clearly” 修饰动词 “speaks”，隐含 “quite clearly”（相当清楚地）的副词短语逻辑；②副词短语 “very hard”（非常努力地），程度副词 “very” 修饰副词 “hard”，符合 “程度副词 + 被修饰副词” 结构。
解析：第一空 “speaks” 需副词 “clearly” 修饰，表 “说英语清楚”；第二空 “practices” 需副词 “hard” 修饰，“very hard” 表 “练习非常努力”，均符合副词短语的语法规则。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
新人教版必修第一册Unit 1知识清单
重 点 单 词 1.quit vi.&vt. 停止;戒掉;离开(工作职位、学校等)→quit/quitted/quit/quitted/quitting (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 2.debate n. 辩论;争论 vt.&vi. 辩论;争论 3.schedule n. 工作计划;日程安排 vt. 安排;预定 4.expert n. 专家;行家 adj. 熟练的;内行的;专家的5.extra adj. 额外的;附加的 6.adventure n. 冒险;奇遇 7.content n. 内容;(pl.)目录;(书、讲话、节目等的)主题 8.topic n.话题;标题 9.editor n. 主编;编辑;编者 10.adult n.成年人 adj. 成年的;成熟的11.youth n.青年时期;青春12.generation n. 一代(人) 13.literature n. 文学;文学作品 14.freshman n. (中学)九年级学生;(大学)一年级新生 15.extra curricular adj. 课外的;课程以外的 16.ballet n. 芭蕾舞 17.greenhouse n. 温室;暖房 18.plate n. 盘子;碟子 19.title n. (书、诗歌等的)名称;标题;职称;头衔
词 汇 拓 展 1.prefer vt. 较喜欢→preference n. 喜爱;偏爱→preferred/preferred/preferring (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 2.recommend vt. 建议;推荐;介绍→recommendation n. 推荐;建议 3.challenge n.挑战;艰巨任务 vt.怀疑;向……挑战→challenging adj. 有挑战性的→challenged adj.受到挑战的 4.confuse vt. 使糊涂;使迷惑→confusing adj. 难以理解的;不清楚的→confused adj. 糊涂的;迷惑的→confusion n. 混乱;杂乱;混淆;弄错 5.fluent adj. (尤指外语)流利的;熟练的→fluently adv. 流利地→fluency n.流利;流畅 6.advance n. 前进;发展 vi. 前进;发展 vt. 发展;促进→advanced adj. 高级的;高等的;先进的 7.attract vt. 吸引;引起……的注意(或兴趣)→attractive adj.迷人的;有吸引力的→attraction n. 吸引;吸引力;有吸引力的事物 8.focus vi.&vt. 集中(精力、注意力等);(使)调节焦距 n. 中心;重点;焦点→focused adj.注意力集中的 9.addict n. 对……入迷的人;吸毒成瘾的人→addicted adj. 有瘾的;上瘾的;入迷的→addictive adj. 使人上瘾的→addiction n. 上瘾;热衷 10.graduate vi.&vt. 毕业;获得学位 n. 毕业生→graduation n.毕业 11.obviously adv.显然;明显地→obvious adj.明显的 12.responsible adj. 负责的;有责任的→responsibility n.责任;义务 13.solution n. 解决办法;答案→solve vt.解决 14.behaviour n.行为;举止→behave vi. 表现;举止规矩;(使)表现得体 15.movement n. 动作;运动;活动→move vt.&vi. 移动;活动;搬动→movable adj.可移动的;活动的 16.suitable adj. 合适的;适用的→suit vt. 适合 17.actually adv. 事实上;的确→actual adj. 实际的 18.survival n.生存;幸存;幸存事物→survive v.幸存→survivor n.幸存者 19.volunteer n. 志愿者→voluntary adj. 自愿的;志愿的 20.teenage adj. 十几岁的(指13岁至19岁);青少年的→teenager n. (13岁至19岁之间的)青少年
重 点 短 语 1．prefer...to...喜欢……多于…… 2．clean up打扫(或清除)干净 3．suitable for对……适合的 4．sign up (for sth.)报名(参加课程) 5．be responsible for对……负责 6．be attracted to喜爱 7．focus on集中；特别关注 8．addicted to对……很入迷
重 点 句 型 1．My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I’m good at it. 指导老师建议我选修高级文学，因为我喜欢英语，而且我很擅长它。 2．Studying hard isn’t always fun，but I’ll be well prepared for university or whatever else comes in the future. 努力学习并不总是有趣的，但我会为未来上大学或是任何其他的事情做好充分的准备。 3．It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world. 对于你们这一代青少年来说，被电脑游戏和网络世界所吸引并不稀奇。 4．But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. 但是花太多的时间上网有损健康，也会让你很难集中精力在生活中的其他事情上。 5．So the next time you feel like you do not want to do boring，difficult homework or go to class，think about the children who don’t have the chance to get a good education. 所以下一次你感到你不想做枯燥、有难度的作业或去上课时，想想那些没机会接受良好教育的孩子。
课文语法填空
Hi! My name is Adam and I'm a freshman at senior high school. Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge. The first week was a little confusing, but I tried to get used ________ (1) the new environment.
First, I had to think very carefully about which ________ (2) I wanted to take. The school adviser helped me choose the ________ (3) ones, ________ (4) maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese. I know that Chinese is a very difficult ________ (5), but I hope to be fluent ________ (6) I graduate. My adviser recommended that I ________ (7) sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I'm good ________ (8) it.
I had to choose extra-curricular ________ (9), too. I tried to join the school football team, but the coach told me that I didn't play ________ (10) enough. Obviously, I was ________ (11), but I won't quit. I'll find a way to ________ (12) on my own so that I can make the team next year.
I joined a volunteer club ________ (13). Every Wednesday, we work at a soup kitchen and ________ (14) out food to homeless people in the community. It makes me feel good to help those in need.
I know I'll have to study ________ (15) as a senior high school student and get used to being responsible for a lot more. I'm a bit worried about ________ (16) up with the other students in my advanced course, and it'll be quite difficult to get used to all the ________ (17). Still, I'm happy ________ (18) here. Studying hard isn't always ________ (19), but I'll be well prepared for university or whatever else ________ (20) in the future.
知识点
1. prefer vt. (preferred; preferred; preferring)较喜欢
【教材原句】I prefer helping others. (P12) 我更喜欢帮助别人。
【词块必记】
(1) prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. 宁愿(做)……而不愿(做)……
prefer (sb. ) to do sth. 更喜欢(某人)做……
(2) would do sth. rather than do sth.
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做……而不愿……
would rather do sth. than do sth.
(3) preferencen.偏爱;优先权;偏爱的事物
have a preference for对…偏爱
in preference to...而不是
【即时练】
单句语法填空
1.Nowadays many teenagers prefer _______ (scroll) through short videos online to _______ (read) paper books.
2.Most students prefer their teachers _______ (explain) grammar rules with examples rather than _______ (give) long lectures.
3.She has a _______ (prefer) for traditional music, which reminds her of her childhood.
4.Many people choose public transport _______ _______ _______ driving private cars to reduce carbon emissions.
5.比起外卖，我妈妈更喜欢在家做饭，因为她认为家常菜更健康。
他们宁愿步行去上班也不愿挤地铁。（用两种句型翻译）
选出错误选项并改正：
She prefers to stay at home today rather than going out.
He has a preference for classical music in preference to pop songs.
【高考真题试练】
1.（2022年·全国乙卷*作文）① Half of the students surveyed prefer _______ (learn) English by watching English movies.
② Most students, that is to say 65%, have a _______ (prefer) for English songs.
2. 2024 北师大版一轮复习题（真题改编）
People _______ _______ work in teams rather than work alone are more likely to achieve goals.
2. recommend vt. 推荐; 建议; 介绍; 劝告
【典型例句】
I would recommend an exchange program to anyone who wants to experience foreign cultures and gain meaningful friendship.
我向任何想要体验外国文化和获得有意义的友谊的人推荐一种交流活动。
【词块必记】
(1)recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
recommend that sb. (should)do sth. 建议某人做某事
recommend sth. to sb. 把某物推荐给某人
recommend sb. as. . . 推荐某人为……
recommendation n. 推荐; 介绍信
常见搭配：give a recommendation（给出推荐）；
follow one's recommendation（采纳某人的建议）
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①Of the two travel routes to Lijiang and Chengdu, both are highly ____________ (recommend) for family vacations.
②The librarian recommended me ____________ (join) the reading club, where I could meet people with similar interests.
③If you're looking for a reliable laptop, my ____________ (recommend) is the new model with long battery life.
4.补全推荐信片段（每空填 1 词）：
I strongly recommend that our school ____________ (organize) more cultural exchange activities. I also recommend the art museum ____________ all students, as it ____________ (recommend) for its rich collection of traditional paintings.
5.将下列句子改写为含宾语从句的复合句：
"You should take a gap year to travel," the counselor recommended to me.
【高考真题试练】
1.（2024 年新高考虚拟语气真题（语法填空））2024 年新高考虚拟语气真题（语法填空）
He recommended she ____________ some research about what a healthy diet would contain.
do B. did C. would do D. to do
2.(2024 年山东青岛高三调研试题（应用文写作）)假定你是李华，你校英语社团计划创建英文公众号，请给负责人 Ryan 写信推荐一个栏目，内容包括：
栏目名称；2. 栏目内容；3. 推荐理由。
（参考范文片段）
I recommend setting up a "Culture Talk" column, which I think is beneficial to all members. I strongly recommend that we invite foreign teachers to share their cultural experiences regularly. This column is recommended to everyone interested in cross-cultural communication.
(2025 年全国一卷语法填空（改编自真题考点）)The tour guide recommended ____________ (visit) the ancient temple in the early morning to avoid crowds. She also gave us a ____________ (recommend) list of local snacks.
2023 年浙江金华十校调研试题（应用文写作）
假定你是李华，向新西兰朋友 Jerry 推荐 “中国戏曲鉴赏” 线上课程，需说明推荐理由。
（高分句型摘录）
I recommend this course to you because it offers vivid explanations of opera costumes and music. My teacher once recommended that I ____________ (watch) classic operas to understand Chinese culture better.
3. content
adj. 满足的, 满意的
关键搭配：① be content with sth.（对…… 满意）；
② be content to do sth.（乐于做某事）
n. 内容; [pl. ]目录; (书、讲话、节目等的)主题; 含量
关键搭配：① the content of sth.（…… 的内容 / 含量）；
② table of contents（目录，固定短语）
vt. 使满足 关键搭配：content oneself with sth.（满足于某事，不求更多）
【典型例句】
We should never content ourselves with book knowledge only. 我们永远不要仅仅满足于书本知识。
【易混点区分】
形容词 content（满足的）vs. satisfied（满意的）：
二者可互换（be content with = be satisfied with），但 content 更侧重 “安于现状的满足”，satisfied 更侧重 “需求得到满足后的满意”。
名词 content（内容）：为不可数名词（表 “内容” 时），表 “目录” 或 “含量” 时可作可数名词（常用复数 contents）。
易混淆点：
“be content to do” 与 “be content with doing”：二者均可表 “乐于做某事”，但 to do 侧重 “具体动作”，with doing 侧重 “习惯性动作”（如：She is content to help today. vs. She is content with helping others.）。
名词 contents 的固定搭配：“table of contents”（目录）为复数形式，不可写作 “table of content”；“fat content”（脂肪含量）为不可数名词，用 content。
【知识拓展】
content 容量, 含量; (作品等的)内容; 词根词缀: con-共同+tent(-ten-)握, 持有
【即时练】
一、单句语法填空
The old man is content ________ (live) a simple life in the countryside, with no desire for expensive things.
After trying many times and failing, she finally contented herself ________ a silver medal instead of the gold one.
Before reading a book, it’s helpful to look at the table of ________ (content) to know its structure.
Most students are content ________ their exam results this time, but a few still want to improve.
The ________ (content) of this article mainly focuses on environmental protection measures for teenagers.
语境综合题（短文填空，融合多场景）
补全短文，每空填 1 词，使语义完整通顺。
Li Ming used to be unhappy with his ordinary job. His friends told him to be content ________ (6) what he had, but he refused. Later, he tried to start a business but failed. Finally, he contented himself ________ (7) being a community volunteer—he found joy in helping others and was no longer upset. Now, when he writes articles for the community newspaper, he always checks the ________ (8) carefully to make sure there are no mistakes. Last week, he even wrote a passage about “how to be content ________ (9) simple happiness”, which was popular among readers. Many people said they learned to content ________ (10) with small joys in life.
句型转换题（强化同义替换与语法变形）
改写句子，保持语义不变（用 content 替换 satisfied）：
She was satisfied with the gift her parents gave her on her birthday.
改写句子，将主动语态改为被动语态：
He contented himself with a cup of tea because he had no time for a full meal.
【高考真题试练】
1. 2024 年新高考 II 卷（语法填空）
People in some mountain villages are content ________ (live) without internet or smartphones, as they enjoy the quiet and natural life there.
2. 2023 年浙江卷（完形填空）
The chef refused to content himself ________ ordinary dishes; instead, he spent three months developing a new menu that combined local flavors with international styles.
A. with B. for C. on D. in
3. 2025 年全国甲卷（阅读理解七选五）
Before writing your essay, you should first outline the main ________ (content) to avoid missing key points. Also, remember to check the table of ________ (content) if you refer to reference books.
4. 2024 年北京卷（应用文写作）
假定你是李华，给英国笔友 Peter 写邮件，分享你对 “幸福” 的理解，内容包括：1. 你眼中的幸福；2. 如何发现幸福。
（高分范文片段）
In my opinion, happiness isn’t about having lots of money. Instead, it’s about being content with small things—like a warm meal from my mom or a walk with friends. I often tell myself to content myself with what I have, which makes me feel peaceful every day.
5.focus
vi. 集中（精力、注意力）
关键搭配 ：focus on sth.（集中于某事），如：She focuses on her studies.（她专注于学习）
vt. 集中(精力, 注意力等); 使调节焦距
关键句型 ：focus one’s attention/energy/eyes on sth.（把注意力 / 精力 / 目光集中于某事），如：He focused his eyes on the blackboard.
n. 中心; 重点; 焦点
关键搭配 ：① the focus of sth.（…… 的焦点 / 重点），如：the focus of attention/concern（注意力/关注的焦点）；② in focus（清晰的）/out of focus（模糊的）
【典型例句】It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families, shouldering the hope of their parents. 这表明当今的一个普遍现象: 孩子是家庭的中心, 承载着父母的希望。
【同义短语对比】
focus on = concentrate on（集中注意力于……），二者可互换，focus 更侧重 “目标明确的集中”，concentrate 更侧重 “排除干扰的集中”；
pay attention to（注意……）：侧重 “有意识地关注”，后接名词 / 动名词，如：pay attention to details（注意细节）；
put one’s heart into（全神贯注于……）：侧重 “投入情感的专注”，如：put one’s heart into work（全身心投入工作）。
the focus of attention/concern 注意力/关注的焦点
【易错点提醒】
非谓语区分：“with + 宾语 + 宾补” 结构中，若宾语与 focus 是被动关系（如 attention 被集中），用过去分词focused；若宾语与 focus 是主动关系（如 people 主动集中目光），用现在分词focusing；
形容词区分：focused（adj. 专注的，修饰人），如：a focused student（专注的学生）；focusing（adj. 聚焦的，修饰物），如：a focusing lens（聚焦镜头）。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
In online classes, it’s hard for students to focus ________ their lessons because of the temptation of mobile phones.
The teacher told us to focus our ________ (attention) on the key points when taking notes.
With all her energy ________ (focus) on preparing for the exam, she had no time to hang out with friends.
The research team’s latest report focuses on the ________ (focus) of environmental protection in rural areas.
When giving a speech, try to keep your eyes focused on the audience—avoid ________ (focus) on a single person for too long.
语境综合题（短文填空 + 真实场景）
补全短文（职场 / 学习场景），每空填 1 词，使语义连贯：
In today’s fast-paced work environment, many people struggle to ________ (6) on their tasks. A time-management expert suggests two tips: first, set a clear ________ (7) for each workday—this helps you avoid wasting time on unimportant things; second, when working, keep your phone in another room, with your full attention ________ (8) on the task. Last week, our team applied these tips in a project, and we found that everyone became more ________ (9) and efficient. The project manager said, “The ________ (10) of our success is staying focused on our goals.”
【高考真题试练】
1. 2024 年新高考 I 卷（语法填空）
To help students stay focused in class, teachers often use interactive activities that make them focus their ________ (attention) on participation rather than passive listening.
2. 2023 年浙江卷（完形填空）
During the interview, the interviewer advised me to ________ on my strengths and avoid talking too much about my weaknesses.
A. focus B. depend C. insist D. rely
3. 2025 年全国乙卷（阅读理解七选五）
When writing an essay, you should first decide the main ________ (focus) of your article. Then, organize your ideas around this focus and make sure each paragraph focuses ________ supporting it.
4. 2024 年北京卷（应用文写作）
假定你是李华，给学校英语报社写一封信，建议增设 “学习方法” 专栏，内容包括：1. 专栏的核心内容；2. 开设专栏的意义。
（高分范文片段）
I suggest the column focus on practical learning tips—for example, how to focus one’s attention on study when there are distractions, and how to set a clear focus for daily learning. This column will help students become more focused and improve their study efficiency.
5.debate n.争论;辩论 vi.&vt.争论;辩论
【词块必记】
n. under debate 在讨论/辩论中
have a heated debate 进行激烈的辩论
beyond/without debate 无可争议
vi. debate with sb. about/on sth. 就某事与某人辩论
如：They debated with each other on environmental protection.
vt. debate sth.（辩论某事），如：debate the plan（辩论计划）；
debate whether/if...（辩论是否……），如：debate whether to attend the meeting
【联想】“under+名词”搭配集锦:
under consideration在考虑中;在讨论中
Your proposal is under consideration.（你的提议正在考虑中）
under construction在建造中
The library is under construction.（图书馆正在建造中）
under control在控制中
under discussion在讨论中
The problem has been under discussion for a week.（这个问题已讨论一周）
under guarantee在保修期内
under pressure在压力下
under repair在修理中 My bike is under repair.（我的自行车正在修理）
under debate 在讨论中 The new policy is still under debate.（新政策仍在讨论中）
【易错点】
介词固定：debate作动词时，“与某人辩论某事” 需用debate with sb. about/on sth.，不可省略about/on；
“under + 名词” 无被动：此类搭配本身表被动含义（如under construction=being built），无需再用被动语态；
名词可数性：debate作 “一场辩论” 时为可数名词（如a debate），表 “辩论这一行为” 时为不可数名词（如the art of debate）。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
The question of whether students should use mobile phones at school is still ________ debate.
The two teams will have a heated debate ________ the importance of after-school tutoring this Friday.
They debated ________ (attend) the international debate competition, but finally decided to focus on exams.
The plan to build a new stadium has been under ________ (discuss) for months, and it will soon be under debate among the public.
No one debated ________ the truth of his words—his honesty is beyond debate.
After ________ (debate) with the teacher about the homework deadline, the students finally got an extra day.
Whether we should reduce the number of exams is a debate ________ has lasted for years.
The design of the school uniform is under debate, and all students are welcome to share their ________ (debate) ideas.
二、语境综合题（短文填空 +“under + 名词” 运用）
补全校园辩论会场景短文，每空填 1 词：
Our school held a debate competition last week. The topic ________ (9) debate was “Should students take part in after-school clubs ” Before the competition, each team debated ________ (10) their coach about their strategies. During the competition, the audience watched a heated debate ________ (11) the two teams—both sides argued strongly. After the competition, the result was under ________ (12) for an hour, and finally, Team A won. Many students said the debate helped them understand different views, and the value of debate is beyond ________ (13).
【高考真题试练】
1. 2024 年新高考 II 卷（语法填空）
The proposal to extend the school day is still ________ debate among teachers, parents and students—some support it, while others oppose it.
2. 2023 年浙江卷（完形填空）
The students ________ with their teacher about the homework load, and finally the teacher agreed to reduce some assignments.
A. debated B. talked C. agreed D. argued
3. 2025 年江苏高三模拟（阅读理解七选五）
When a topic is ________ debate, it’s important to listen to different opinions instead of sticking to your own. For example, if the topic is “online learning”, you can learn from others’ views on its advantages and disadvantages.
4. 2024 年北京卷（应用文写作）
假定你是李华，校辩论社邀请你写一则通知，告知同学们即将举办的 “校园环保” 主题辩论会，内容包括：1. 辩论主题；2. 时间和地点；3. 报名方式。
（高分范文片段）
Our school debate club will hold a heated debate about “How to Protect the Campus Environment” next Friday in the school hall. The topic is under debate among club members now, and all students are welcome to join. To sign up, please send an email to debateclub@ before next Wednesday.
6.confuse vt.使糊涂;使迷惑
【词块必记】
（1）confuse sb. with...用……使某人困惑
confuse A with B 把A与B混淆；confuse sb. with sth. 用某事使某人困惑
（2）confused adj.(人)糊涂的;迷惑的
be confused about...对……感到困惑 如：a confused student
（3）confusing adj.(物）难以理解的;不清楚的 如：a confusing explanation），表 “令人困惑的”
（4）confusion n.困惑;混乱
in confusion困惑地;混乱地； avoid confusion（避免混乱）
【即时练】
一、单句填空
① Don’t confuse this word ________ its similar form—they have different meanings.
② Many students feel confused ________ grammar rules, especially tenses.
③ The instructions on the machine are so ________ (confuse) that no one can understand them.
二、语境综合题（短文填空）
The teacher’s question ________ (④ confuse) all of us—it was too abstract. I looked at my deskmate, who was also ________ (⑤ confused) and shook her head. We stood there in ________ (⑥ confusion), not knowing how to answer. Later, the teacher gave a ________ (⑦ confusing) explanation, which made us even more confused.
【高考真题试练】
2024 年新高考 II 卷（语法填空）
Many people confuse “climate” with “weather”—the former refers to long-term conditions, while the latter is short-term.
2023 年浙江卷（完形填空）
The ________ (confuse) map made us lose our way in the forest—we had to call for help.
7.suitable adj.适合的;适用的;适宜的
【词块必记】
(1)be suitable for sb./sth.适合某人/某物
be suitable to do sth.适合做某事
(2)suit vt. 适合;使适宜 n.服装;套装
suit one's needs适合某人的需要 suit sb.（适合某人，指口味 / 条件）
辨析suit,match,fit
(1)suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位、时间等。
(2)match多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。
(3)fit多指大小、形状合适,引申为“吻合,协调”。
【即时练】
一、单句语法填空
①This dress is suitable ________ a formal party, but not for daily wear.
②She is looking for a job suitable ________ (work) flexible hours.
③The design of the poster doesn’t match the theme—can you adjust it to ________ (suit) our activity
【辨析题】
④ These shoes ________ (fit) me well, but their color doesn’t ________ (match) my skirt.
⑤This schedule ________ (suit) my needs—I can attend both classes and the meeting.
【一句多译】
⑥ These regions seem too dry ________ (be suitable for) agriculture.
⑦ （一句多译）我适合这项志愿者工作。
→ I am this voluntary work.
→ This voluntary work me.
【高考真题试练】
2025 年全国甲卷（语法填空）
The course is suitable ________ students who want to improve their oral English—It focuses on daily conversations.
2024 年北京卷（完形填空）
—Which shirt should I wear to the interview
—The blue one—it ________ your skin tone and ________ the formal occasion.
A. fits; suits B. matches; suits C. suits; fits D. matches; fits
8.be attracted to 喜爱
【词块必记】
(1)v. 吸引 attract one’s attention/mind 吸引某人的注意力
attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某事
(2) attraction n. 吸引力
a tourist attraction 旅游景点 the attraction of sth.（某事的吸引力）
(3) attractive adj. 吸引人的
be attractive to 对……有吸引力 an attractive place（吸引人的地方）
【即时练】
一、单句语法填空
①Young people are often attracted to ________ (try) new things, like extreme sports.
②The most ________ (attract) part of the city is its ancient temples—many tourists visit them.
③The Great Wall is one of the most famous tourist ________ (attraction) in China.
二、语境综合题
The new library ________ (④ attract) many students because its design is ________ (⑤ attractive). It has a special area for reading, which is ________ (⑥ attract) to book lovers. The main ________ (⑦ attraction) is the large collection of novels.
【高考真题试练】
2024 年新高考 I 卷（阅读理解 A 篇）
The museum’s new exhibition attracts visitors to its interactive displays—children are especially attracted to the hands-on science experiments.
2023 年浙江卷（语法填空）
What makes this small town is its quiet streets and friendly people—It has become a popular tourist .
9.be responsible for 对……负责
【词块必记】
(1)be responsible for sth./sb. 对……负责 a responsible person（负责任的人）
responsible adj. 负责任的; 对……负责的
(2)responsibility n. 责任; 责任心; 职责; 义务
a sense of responsibility 责任感
take responsibility for 对……负责
take responsibility to do sth. 负起做某事的责任
【即时练】
一、单句语法填空
①As a class monitor, you should be responsible ________ organizing class activities.
②Everyone should take ________ (responsible) for protecting the environment—It’s our duty.
③The teacher praised Tom for being ________ (responsibility) —he always finishes his tasks on time.
【高考真题试练】
2025 年全国乙卷（语法填空）
Parents should teach their children to be for their own mistakes and take for correcting them.
2024 年北京卷（应用文写作）
高分范文片段：As a volunteer, I am responsible for guiding visitors and answering their questions. I also take responsibility for keeping the exhibition hall clean.
10.be/get addicted to (doing) sth. 沉溺于(做)某事
(1)addict n. 吸毒成瘾的人; 对……入迷的人
a game addict（游戏成瘾者）；a drug addict（吸毒成瘾者）
(2) addiction n. 上瘾; 沉溺; 嗜好 overcome addiction to sth.（克服对某事的成瘾）
(3) addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
an addictive game（使人上瘾的游戏）；addictive food（使人上瘾的食物）
(4) addictive vt. 使人上瘾的 使成瘾（被动：be addicted）
be addicted to doing sth.（沉溺于做某事），to 为介词
【即时练】
一、单句语法填空
①Teenagers who are addicted to ________ (play) online games often neglect their studies.
②He used to be a coffee addict, but he finally overcame his ________ (addict) to it.
③This mobile game is so ________ (addictive) that many people spend hours on it every day.
二、语境综合题
Tom got addicted to ________ (④ watch) short videos last year—his parents were worried about his ________ (⑤ addiction). The videos were ________ (⑥ addictive), and he couldn’t stop watching them. Later, with help, he stopped being an ________ (⑦ addict) and focused on his studies.
【高考真题试练】
1.2024 年新高考 II 卷（阅读理解 C 篇）
Studies show that people who are addicted to social media are more likely to feel anxious—overcoming addiction to it can improve mental health.
2.2025 年江苏高三模拟（语法填空）
The research found that the new app is less than others, so it won’t make users get to it easily.
11. 句型公式: what引导的宾语从句
It will help you to predict what you will hear. 它将帮助你预测你将听到的内容。
what 既可以引导宾语从句, 也可以引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句, 在从句中作主语、表语或宾语。
what, that引导名词性从句的区别
what 作主语、表语或宾语, 有词义, 不能省略；that 不作任何成分, 没有真实含义, 不可以省略(宾语从句除外)
what引导主语或表语从句，作主语 / 表语，不可用 that 替代，如：What he said is true.（他说的话是真的）
【即时练】
一、完成句子
①________ (她需要的) is a good rest after working for a whole day.
②I don’t know ________ (他想要什么礼物) for his birthday.
③The teacher explained ________ (这道题难在哪里) to the students.
【高考真题试练】
1.2024 年新高考 I 卷（语法填空）
I still remember what my teacher told me—“Never give up when you face difficulties.”
2.2023 年浙江卷（完形填空）
She always thinks about ________ others need and tries to help them—this is why everyone likes her.
what B. that C. which D. who
12. 句型公式:it+be+adj.+动词不定式, it作形式主语
It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world.
对于你们这一代的青少年来说, 喜欢电脑游戏和网络世界并不罕见。
本句型中it是形式主语,不定式短语是真正的主语;不定式的前面可以通过for/
of 加上自己的逻辑主语。
(1)it be+adj.+for sb. to do sth.句式中,作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质和特点,常见的有
easy、important、difficult、possible、necessary等。
(2)it be+adj.+of sb. to do sth.句式中,作表语的形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的品行、性格等,常见的有kind、nice、good、stupid、silly、careful、careless等。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
It is necessary ________ (learn) basic life skills, like cooking and cleaning.
It is kind ________ you to share your books with me.
③It is difficult ________ students to finish the task in 30 minutes.
【高考真题试练】
2025 年全国甲卷（语法填空）
It is important teenagers a sense of responsibility—It helps them grow into responsible adults.
2024 年北京卷（写作）
高分范文片段：It is kind of you to invite me to the party, but I’m sorry I can’t go—it’s difficult for me to finish my homework before this weekend.
13. 句型公式: 及物动词+it作形式宾语+宾语补足语+真正的宾语
常用动词：make/find/feel/think/consider
例句：But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life.
但是在网上花费太多的时间是不健康的, 并且让你很难集中精力在生活中的其他事情上。
【即时练】
单句填空
①She thinks it important ________ (practice) speaking English every day.
②We made ________ clear that we would support his decision.
③He found it difficult ________ (solve) the problem alone.
【高考真题试练】
2025 年全国乙卷（语法填空）
The teacher made it clear students should hand in their homework on time.
2024 年新高考 II 卷（完形填空）
I find ________ hard to balance study and extracurricular activities, but my teacher helps me make a schedule.
this B. that C. it D. one
语法点
Grammar 名词短语 形容词短语 副词短语
(一)名词短语中修饰名词的有：形容词、数词、代词、名词、分词、介词短语、不定式或副词
1．形容词修饰名词The_little_boy needs a_blue_pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。
2．数词修饰名词相当于形容词There are two_boys in the room.房间里有两个男孩。
3．代词或名词所有格修饰名词His_name is Tom.他的名字是汤姆。
There are two_boys_of_Toms there.那儿有汤姆家的两个男孩。
4．介词短语修饰名词The_boy_in_blue is Tom.穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
5．名词修饰名词There is only one ball pen in the_pencil_box.这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。
6．副词修饰名词The_best_boy_here is Tom.这里最棒的男孩是汤姆。
7．不定式修饰名词The_boy_to_write_this_letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
8．分词(短语)修饰名词
The_smiling_boy needs a_pen_bought_by_his_mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
(二)名词短语中修饰名词的词或短语其位置一般有两种：用在名词之前的叫前置定语，用在名词之后的叫后置定语
1．定语前置
在英语里，一般定语前置时的次序为：限定词、形容词、分词、动名词和名词性定语，但当几个形容词同时出现在名词短语之前，应注意其次序，其形容词遵循的次序为：限观形龄色国材，其指：限定词(一般指数量)；外观(美丽等)；形状(大小，高矮，肥瘦)；年龄；颜色；国籍；材料；用途。如：
an_interesting_little_red_French_oil painting 一幅小的有趣的法国红色油画
2．定语后置
(1)短语作定语一般在名词之后
He gave me a basket full_of_eggs. 他给我一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。
(2)副词作定语一般在名词之后
The_people_here are very friendly. 这里的人很友好。
总结：前置定语：形容词（a red pen）、数词（two boys）、代词（his book）、名词（a pencil box）、副词（the boy here 除外，副词仅少数可前置，如only one）；
后置定语：介词短语（the boy in blue）、不定式（the boy to write）、分词短语（the pen bought by Mom）、副词（the people there）。
1．形容词短语，通常是副词修饰形容词，副词修饰形容词主要见于表示程度。如：
I was rather_angry at what he said。我对他说的话相当生气。
Mary and Jane are quite_different. 玛丽与简大不一样。
The music is too_loud;_please turn it down. 这音乐太吵人了，请把音量关小一点。
It's difficult_enough,_but it could have been worse. 这事情够困难的了，本来可能会更糟呢。
Let's go shopping now. The shops should be fairly_empty. 我们去商店买东西吧。商店里人不会太多。
2．副词修饰形容词，有时也表示方面或方式等。如：
I am economically_independent. 我在经济方面是独立的。
The book is historically_inaccurate. 这本书从历史上说不准确。
总结：构成：副词（表程度 / 方面）+ 形容词，如quite different（程度）、economically independent（方面）；
常见修饰副词：程度副词（very, quite, rather, too, enough）、方面副词（economically, historically）；
易错点：“enough” 修饰形容词需后置（difficult enough，不可说 enough difficult）。
副词短语，通常是副词修饰副词，主要见于表示程度。此时，起修饰作用的副词常见的有almost, fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。如：
He was back quite_quickly. 他很快就回来了。
They thought very_highly of him. 他们对他评价很高。
I think you have done your work very_finely. 我认为你工作干得不错。
He spoke too_quickly for me to understand. 他说得太快了，我听不懂。
Having lived there for two years, he knew the place quite_well. 他在那里住过两年，对这地方很熟悉。
总结：构成：副词（表程度）+ 副词，如quite quickly、very highly；
常见修饰副词：almost, fairly, quite, very, too, nearly, greatly；
功能：多修饰动作的 “程度”（如too fast “太快”）或 “方式”（如very well “很好”）。
【即时练】
一、指出下列句中画线短语的类型（①名词短语；②形容词短语；③副词短语），并标注名词短语的定语类型（如 “前置定语 - 形容词”）：
(1) She bought a beautiful white cotton dress yesterday.
(2) The movie was rather boring for most teenagers.
(3) He finished his homework quite carefully before dinner.
(4) The girl in the red coat is my deskmate.
(5) This problem is too difficult for us to solve.
二、 根据要求完成句子（每空限填 1 词）：
(1) We visited a ________ (tradition) Chinese village last weekend.（用形容词修饰名词，构成名词短语）
(2) The story she told was ________ (surprise) enough to make us laugh.（用副词修饰形容词，构成形容词短语）
(3) My mom cooks ________ (quick) very when she’s busy.（修正副词短语，使结构正确）
(4) The boy ________ (wear) a black hat is my little brother.（用分词短语作后置定语，构成名词短语）
【高考真题试练】
三、2023-2025 年高考真题精选（含考点关联）
考点 1：名词短语的定语类型（前置 / 后置）
1. 2024 年新高考 I 卷（语法填空）
In many ________ (north) cities of China, people celebrate the Lantern Festival with beautiful lantern shows.
2. 2025 年全国甲卷（短文改错）
The bookstore near our school sells books of all kinds, including the ones write by local authors.
考点 2：形容词短语（副词修饰形容词）
3. 2023 年浙江卷（完形填空）
The performance was ________ (impress) that many audience members stood up to clap. We all thought it was quite a success.
4. 2024 年北京卷（语法填空）
It’s ________ (danger) to walk alone in the forest at night, so you should be very careful.
5. 2025 年全国乙卷（语法填空）
The athlete ran ________ (fast) enough to break the school record. His coach praised him for training hard.
6. 2023 年新高考 II 卷（完形填空）
She speaks English ________ (clear) that even foreign teachers can understand her easily. I think she practices very ________ (hard) every day.
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