(共37张PPT)
Module 12 Save the world
Unit 3 Language in use
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Language practice
Reuse means “use again”.
Though pollution is heavy now, I don’t think it’s hopeless.
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1. Make a new words. Join the parts of words in Box A with the words in Box B. You need to use some of the parts more than once.
A –able -ful im- -less re- un-
B care collect hope possible use usual wanted waste
collectable, usable, careful, hopeful, useful, wasteful, impossible, careless, hopeless, useless, reuse, unusual, unwanted
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Now work in groups. Play the guessing game English for Fun.
English for Fun
full of care ____________
2. can be collected ____________
3. full of hope ____________
4. without any hope ____________
5. not possible ____________
careful
collectable
hopeful
hopeless
impossible
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6. not usual ____________
7. without any use ____________
8. use again ____________
9. not wanted ____________
10. making a lot of waste ____________
unusual
useless
reuse
unwanted
wasteful
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Sometimes if you know the meaning of the parts of a word, you can work out the meaning of the whole word.
re + new + able;
re = again
able = can be
renewable = can be new again
Learning to learn
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英语中常见的构词法有：合成、派生(前缀、后缀)和转化。
1. 合成法
将两个或两个以上独立且语义不同的单词合在一起构成新词的方法叫做合成法。合成法是一种比较灵活的构词方法，可以合成名词、形容词、副词、代词、动词等。例如：
构词法
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类别 例词
复合名词 classroom, boyfriend, basketball, blackboard
复合形容词 warm-hearted, hard-working, handmade
复合代词 everything, somebody, herself, anyone
复合动词 underline(在……下画线), overcome
复合副词 however, whenever, somewhere, downstairs
复合数词 fifty-four, thirty-nine
复合介词 inside, within, without, into, onto
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2. 派生法
在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这种构词法叫派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性；加在单词后的词缀叫后缀，后缀多改变词性而不改变词义。
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(1) 常见前缀
前缀 含义 例词
dis- 不 disagree, dislike
en- 使……处于某种状态 enable, enrich
im-, in- 不 impossible, impatient
mis- 错误地 mislead, misunderstand
non- 不, 非 non-smoker, non-native
re- 再, 重复 rewrite, retell
un- 不 unable, unhappy, unpopular
inter- 在……之间, 相互 international, interconnect
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(2) 常见后缀
作用 后缀 意义 例词
构成 名词 -or, -er 表示“从事某种职业的人” actor, visitor, singer,
-ess 表示“女……，雌……” goddess, actress, lioness
-ist 表示“干……的人” artist, scientist, tourist,
-ese 表示“……国的；……国的语言(或人)” Chinese, Japanese
-tion, -ion, -sion 表示“行为；状态” attraction, competition
-ship 表示“品质，性质” friendship, relationship
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作用 后缀 意义 例词
构成 名词 -ment 表示“……的行为(或结果)” movement, development,
-th 构成抽象名词 truth, warmth
-ity 构成抽象名词 ability, possibility, reality
-ing 表示“某种事物” building, clothing, offering
-hood 表示“某种事物” childhood, neighborhood
-ness 构成抽象名词 happiness, illness, kindness
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作用 后缀 意义 例词
构成 形容词 -ful 表示“有……性质的，充满……的” successful, beautiful, colorful, wonderful
-y 表示“有……特性的；多……的” funny, healthy, cloudy, windy, salty
-ing 表示“使……的；正在……的” boring, exciting, interesting, changing
-ed 表示“有……特征的，以……为特征的” surprised, balanced, relaxed, talented
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作用 后缀 意义 例词
构成 形容词 -al 表示“……的” traditional, natural, personal
-able, -ible 表示“能……的” comfortable, suitable; possible
-less 表示“没有；无” homeless, hopeless, careless
-en 表示“变得；使成为” wooden, golden
-ive 表示“……性质的” active, collective, creative
-ish 表示“带有……特征” foolish, childish
-ous 表示“具有……；充满……” humorous, dangerous
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作用 后缀 意义 例词
构成 动词 -en 表示“使……” widen, frighten, shorten
-ify 表示“……化” beautify, simplify
-ize 表示“照……样子做” realize, memorize
构成副词 -ly 表示“以……方式；至……程度” really, usually, finally
注意 friendly, lovely, lively, lonely 这四个单词虽以-ly结尾，但却是形容词。
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3.转化法
一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类，这种构词法叫转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与其之前的意义联系密切。
(1)名词转化为动词
show n．展览；展示→show v. 表演；展出
hand n．手→hand v．交给
water n．水→water v．浇水
color n．颜色→color v．给……着色
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(2)形容词转化为动词
slow adj.慢的→slow v．放慢
clean adj.干净的→clean v．把……打扫干净
dry adj.干的→dry v．使……变干
empty adj.空的→empty v．使……变空
(3)动词转化为名词
walk v．散步→walk n．散步
look v．看→look n．相貌
(4)形容词转化为名词
back adj. 后面的→back n. 背部；后面
light adj. 明亮的→light n. 灯
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1.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）In Zhuhai Park, you can enjoy the natural beauty, or (simple) breathe the fresh air.
2.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）Don’t eat too much at a time, or you’ll feel (comfortable).
3. You may add variety to the comic strips to keep the readers . (interest)
4. I’m not a (cook), but I am interested in (cook).
simply
uncomfortable
interested
cook
cooking
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5.（2024·江苏镇江·二模）The word “________” is formed the same way as “impatient”.
A．incorrect B．patiently C．humorous D．pancake
A解析：句意：“incorrect”一词的构成与“impatient”相同。考查构词方式。incorrect不正确的，in为前缀，表否定；patiently耐心地，为副词，是由形容词patient词尾加ly构成；humorous幽默的，由名词humor加ous构成；pancake煎饼，由pan+cake构成。impatient中im是前缀，表否定，与incorrect构成方式相同。故选A。
6．（2024·海南海口·一模）In the words “homeless”, “careless” and “useless”, “-less” means “________”.
A．full of B．without C．very much
B解析：句意：在“无家可归”、“粗心大意”和“无用”这些词中，“-less”的意思是“没有”。考查词缀的含义。full of充满；without没有；very much非常。在“homeless”、“careless”和“useless”这些词中，“-less”的意思是“没有”。故选B。
7.（2024·南京·二模）Which of the following suffixes is used to form a noun
A．-tion B．-less C．-ful D．-ly
A句意：下列哪个后缀用来构成名词？考查后缀。-tion用来构成名词的后缀；-less用来构成形容词的后缀；-ful用来构成形容词的后缀；-ly用来构成形容词或者副词的后缀。本题问的是名词的后缀。故选A。
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8.（2024·定西·一模）His brother is ______ boy. He is very handsome.
A．a 18 years old B．an 18-year-old
C．an 18-years-old D．an 18 year old
B解析：句意：他的弟弟是一个18岁的男孩。他很帅。空格处应作定语修饰boy，所以用复合形容词18-year-old表示“十八岁的”，且此处表示泛指，所以要用不定冠词修饰，结合18-year-old以元音音素开头，所以此处用不定冠词an。故选B。
9. During the Mid-autumn Festival, we all ________ to get together with our family members.
A．have three days’ off B．have three day’s holiday
C．have three days off D．have three-day holiday
C解析：句意：中秋节假期期间，我们都有3天休息时间和家人团聚。“三天假期”的正确表达为“have three days off”或者“have a three-day holiday”或者“have three days’ holiday”。其中“have ... off”中间的时间长度是正常写法。如果把“三天”作为整体，变为“三天的假期”，则要写成“three days’ holiday”。如果three和day之间有连字符，即“three-day”，变为了形容词，意为“三天的”，holiday是可数名词，故前面应使用不定冠词a修饰，即“a three-day holiday”。故选C。
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10. I want to ________ another two ________.
A．book; books B．books; book
C．book; book D．books; books
A解析：句意：我还想要预定两本书。考查构词法。book表示预定，是动词；表示书，是名词。want to do sth想要做某事，第一空用动词book。数词two修饰复数名词，用books，故选A。
11. This wall is ________. That is to say, it is a ________ wall.
A. five metre long; five metres long B. five-metres long; five-metre long
C. five metres long; five-metre-long D. five-metre long; five-metres-long
C解析：句意：这堵墙有五米长，也就是说，这是一堵五米长的墙。metre“米”，是可数名词，five metres long“五米长”，作表语；five-metre-long“五米长的”，作定语，修饰名词wall。“数词-名词单数-形容词”相当于一个形容词，作定语修饰名词。故选C。
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2. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
hopeful impossible reuse unhealthy wasteful
Polluted water is ____________.
2. It is _________ to throw so much food away.
3. If you look after things well, you may ________ some of them later.
4. It is ___________ to clean up the whole river in such a short time.
5. If we pay attention to pollution now, the future will be __________.
unhealthy
wasteful
reuse
impossible
hopeful
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3. Complete the table.
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
useful/useless
hope hopefully /hopelessly
pollution ——
water —— ——
waste
—— —— usually / unusually
use
use
usefully / uselessly
hope
hopeful/hopeless
pollute
polluted/unpolluted
water
waste
wasteful/wasted
wastefully
usual / unusual
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4. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.
She was hopeful that her new job would make her more successful.
The factory ___________ the river, and the fish died.
2. We often walk in the countryside. It is a(n) _______ activity for us.
3. Do not use so much water. It is very __________.
4. To keep the flowers growing, you need to _________ them once a day.
polluted
usual
wasteful
water
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5. Complete the sentences.
A lunchbox is a box that you keep your lunch in.
A ___________ is a card that you write on one side of and send to someone by post.
2. A ___________ is a room where you have classes at school.
3. A ___________ is a book that has one or more stories for children.
4. A ____________ is a black board that is used at school for writing on with chalk.
postcard
classroom
storybook
blackboard
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6. Work in pairs.Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
What kinds of things can be recycled
2. How can these things be reused
3. How does this help the environment
4. Have you ever recycled or used things that can be recycled How
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7. Complete the conversation with the correct form of the expressions in the box.
be good for throw away turn off worry about
Mike: I hear you are off to the Caribbean for a holiday! Lucky you! But aren’t you _______________ the pollution that such long plane journey may cause for the environment
Ken: I know, but what can I do about it I’ve already tried my best to protect the environment. I recycle. I don’t ___________ things if I don’t want them any more.
worried about
throw away
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I ____________ the lights when I leave a room. Don’t tell me I shouldn’t travel by plane any more!
Mike: No, of course not. But we can do more to protect the environment. For example, we can help keep the air clean by planting trees. Trees ______________ the environment. In this way, we can reduce the harm of pollution.
Ken: Good! So I can enjoy my holiday, and when I come back, I’ll plant some trees!
Mike: That’s the idea! Maybe we can all join in and start a small forest!
turn off
are good for
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8. Listen and check (√) the true sentences.
1. It is OK to throw used things away. Looking after them takes a lot of time.
2. Do not throw away things made of glass, plastic and paper, but recycle them when possible.
3. Take a bag when you go shopping.
4. Producing electricity and using oil will not cause pollution.
5. Turn off lights when you do not need them.
6. Ride a bike or walk, and do not often drive your car.
√
√
√
√
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9. Listen again and complete the table.
Advice Reasons
1. Don’t throw away things made of ____________________, but _______ them. Throwing things away is wasteful.
2. ______ your plastic bags when you can and __________ with you when you go shopping. Plastic bags __________ recycle.
glass, plastic and paper
recycle
Reuse
take a bag
are hard to
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Advice Reasons
3. Use less electricity and oil to _______________. 4. Don’t leave lights on and _______________. 5. ____________ and do not often drive your car. Producing electricity and using oil may cause ___________.
reduce pollution
waste electricity
Walk or cycle
pollution
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Earth Hour is held toward the end of March each year. During Earth Hour, people all across the world switch off the lights they do not need. They do this to show their awareness of climate change.
Earth Hour
The first Earth Hour was held in 2007 in Sydney, where more than 2.2 million people switched off their lights.Today, more and more cities are taking part in the event, such as Beijing, London, Rome and New York, and landmarks like the Empire State Building and the Golden Gate Bridge will go dark.
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Read the passage and answer the questions.
1. When is Earth Hour held each year
Earth Hour is held toward the end of March each year.
2. Why do people switch off the lights during Earth Hour
They do this to show their awareness of climate change.
3. When and where was the first Earth Hour held
The first Earth Hour was held in 2007 in Sydney.
4. Which city take part in the event today
More and more cities are taking part in the event, such as Beijing, London, Rome and New York.
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10. Work in groups. Decide what kind of pollution you want to talk about.
Choose a subject that you care about the most. It could be water pollution, air pollution, etc.
Find out more information about your subject. Look it up on a website or in a book.
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11. Discuss your subject.
Take turns to say what you think about the problem and what can be done.
Listen to what others say. If you agree with what they have said, say “I agree”. “That’s true” or “That’s a good point”; if you do not agree with what someone says, say “I’m sorry, but I don’t agree. I think that …”
12. Present your group ideas to the whole class.
课 堂 小 结
Module 12 Unit 3
THANK YOU
