Period 4 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures)
美文诵读 语法体悟
I'm sorry to know that you have difficulty in learning English，so I'm writing to give you ①some useful advice on it．First of all，I suggest you read the English words，sentences and short articles aloud every morning．Meanwhile，try to memorize words and sentences ②as much as possible，which helps enlarge your vocabulary．Besides，it is suggested that you read ③a variety of English books after school，which is ④good for your writing． ①为名词短语，且在句中作宾语 ②为副词短语，且在句中作状语 ③为名词短语，且在句中作宾语 ④为形容词短语，且在句中作表语
名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语
一、名词短语(Noun Phrase)
1．名词短语的意义和组成
名词短语指名词与它的修饰语构成的短语。名词短语通常由“(限定词＋)(形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词＋)名词(＋介词短语等)”组成。
This new club of my school(限定词＋形容词＋名词＋介词短语) has attracted many students(形容词＋名词)to sign up．
我校这个新俱乐部吸引了很多学生报名。
I am sure he will listen to you，since you are his good friend(限定词＋形容词＋名词)．
我相信他会听你的，因为你是他的好朋友。
[温馨提示] 限定词包括冠词(a，an，the)、指示代词(this，that，these，those等)、物主代词(my，your，his，her，our，their等)和不定代词(some，no，neither，both等)。
2．名词短语的句法功能
名词短语在句中一般作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。
The white house there(主语) belonged to a large family(宾语)．
那边那座白色的房子为一个大家庭所有。
I have three close friends(宾语)．
我有三个要好的朋友。
I found him a very patient teacher(宾语补足语)．
我发现他是一位很有耐心的老师。
写出黑体名词短语在句中所作的句子成分，并注意其构成
①We love our great motherland very much． 作宾语
②The man wearing a black coat is our teacher． 作表语
③Those beautiful flowers come from Yunnan． 作主语
④We made him capital of our team． 作宾语补足语
二、形容词短语(Adjective Phrase)
1．形容词短语的意义和组成
形容词短语指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。形容词短语常由“(副词＋)形容词(＋介词短语)”“形容词＋and/but＋形容词”或“形容词＋enough＋介词短语”构成。
The weather is fairly warm(副词＋形容词)，so I'd like to have a walk．
天气相当暖和，因此我想出去走走。
Your room is large and beautiful (形容词＋and＋形容词)．
你的房间又大又漂亮。
That's good enough for me(形容词＋enough＋介词短语)．
那对我来说已经够好了。
2．形容词短语的句法功能
形容词短语可以修饰名词或代词作前置或后置定语，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。
We had a very difficult(前置定语) test in chemistry．
我们的化学考试很难。
He is a worker worthy of praise(后置定语)．
他是一个值得表扬的工人。
I am quite interested(表语)in modern Chinese literature．
我对中国现代文学很感兴趣。
I found his behaviour a little annoying(宾语补足语)．
我发现他的行为有点让人恼火。
找出下列句子中的形容词短语，并指出其在句中所作的句子成分
①The air today is nice and clean． nice and clean；作表语
②He found the film very interesting． very interesting；作宾语补足语
③This is a subject worthy of careful study． worthy of careful study；作定语
④I found it very hard to get along with foreigners． very hard；作宾语补足语
三、副词短语(Adverb Phrase)
1．副词短语的意义和组成
副词短语指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语。副词短语常由“(副词＋)副词”、“副词＋and/but＋副词”或“副词＋enough＋介词短语”构成。
I tried again and again(副词＋and＋副词)．
我试了一遍又一遍。
I wish you'd write clearly enough for us to read it(副词＋enough＋介词短语)．
我希望你能写得足够清楚，让我们看得懂。
[温馨提示] 副词enough在修饰形容词或者副词构成形容词短语或者副词短语时，一般放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。
2．副词短语的句法功能
副词短语在句中可以修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句作状语。
Don't worry．He will do the job well enough(修饰动词作状语)．
不要担心。他会做好这个工作的。
Strangely enough(修饰全句作状语)，he managed to finish the job by himself．
奇怪的是，他设法自己完成了这个工作。
找出下列句子中的副词短语，并指出其功能
①He ran very quickly yesterday．
very quickly；修饰动词作状语
②I am much too pleased to see you．
much too；修饰形容词作状语
③She plays well enough as a beginner．
well enough；修饰动词作状语
④He worked much more carefully on the new design．much more；修饰副词作状语
课时提升作业(五)
(UNIT 1 Discovering Useful Structures)
(建议用时：45分钟 总分：95分)
Ⅰ．写出下列句子中加黑部分所属的短语类型(共9小题；每小题1.5分，满分13.5分)
1．The girl is my friend． 名词短语
2．There are some red roses on that small table． 名词短语
3．They spent seven days in the wind and snow，cold and hungry． 形容词短语
4．Everyone may feel time go by very quickly when they do something interesting．
副词短语
5．To live an enjoyable and meaningful life，let's read more good books！名词短语
6．As long as there is kindness，the world will become more beautiful．形容词短语
7．I'm more than pleased to know that you are learning Chinese． 形容词短语
8．A sailor who has experienced no storm will never become an excellent sailor．
名词短语
9．Only in this way can we live more happily． 副词短语
Ⅱ．写出下列句子中加黑短语所作的句子成分(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．Unlike the warm and wet climate in Britain，it is freezing cold here in winter．
作定语
2．I thought Susan nice and friendly the first time I met her． 作宾语补足语
3．Let's do sports together and enjoy a healthy life！ 作宾语
4．Many students took part in the English competition last week． 作主语
5．Tom carefully wrote some letters to his friends． 作宾语
6．He looked very worried． 作表语
7．Corn is a useful plant that can be eaten by both people and animals． 作表语
8．I can read well enough without glasses． 作状语
9．No words are strong enough to express our thanks for your help．
作表语；作宾语
10．You'd better give your friends a hand when necessary，which will make you feel good，too． 作宾语补足语
Ⅲ．补全短文(共7小题；每小题2分，满分14分)
Because everything had been ready，Bernard started out on 1．his new business(他的新生意)．Although it was 2．a hard time(一段艰难时刻) and things were tight for everybody，Bernard's business worked out 3．quite well(非常好)．He carried the popcorn on 4．his small bike(他的小自行车) and went from door to door to sell it．People were surprised to see 5．such a little，poorly-dressed boy(一个如此小且穿着破烂的男孩) selling popcorn at their doors，but at last almost all of them would buy a bag or two．Bernard was 6．quite happy(非常高兴)．Love makes the world go round and Bernard felt it deep in 7．his little heart(他幼小的心灵)．
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
It's that time of the year—graduation．The end of school year is nearly in sight，and it's an especially big deal if you're finishing high school or college．
One amazing(令人惊叹的) 16-year-old Florida girl，Grace Bush，graduated from both high school and college this week! She actually got her college diploma(毕业证书) before her high school diploma．How'd she do that
“Hard work and dedication(专心致志)，” she told a local TV news station，“have made me succeed in doing high school and college at the same time．” She started taking college courses when she was just 13．She would often get up at 5：30 a．m．and not finish until after 11 p．m．
Doing both at once is a huge achievement，but it has also helped her family save money．She's one of the 9 children，all home-schooled until the age of 13．Her father is a math professor while her mother is a part-time history teacher in a high school．Grace Bush has earned her college degree in law，with a near perfect GPA of 3.8 and she hopes to become a lawyer one day，although her parents expect her to teach at university．By the way，she also plays basketball in her college team in her spare time．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了16岁的佛罗里达女孩Grace Bush的杰出成就。她在同一周毕业于高中和大学，实际上比获得高中毕业证书更早获得了大学学位证书。
1．Why does the author say that Grace is amazing
A．She finished high school earlier than others．
B．She never went to bed before 11 p．m．
C．She graduated from both high school and college at 16．
D．She got two diplomas from the same school．
C [推理判断题。第二段提到，一个惊人的16岁的佛罗里达女孩Grace Bush本周从高中和大学毕业！由此可知，作者说Grace Bush是令人惊叹的，因为她在16岁时大学和高中都毕业了，故选C。]
2．Which of the following is the key to Grace's success
A．Taking college courses at 13．
B．Doing high school and college at the same time．
C．Being born into a professor's family．
D．Being devoted to her studies．
D [细节理解题。根据第三段中“‘Hard work and dedication，’ she told a local TV news station，‘have made me succeed in doing high school and college at the same time．’”可知，Grace成功的关键是她致力于学习，故选D。]
3．What did the parents do to help Grace with her education
A．They shared with her college history lessons．
B．They taught her until she was 13．
C．They made her interested in math．
D．They hired a part-time teacher．
B [细节理解题。根据最后一段中“She's one of the 9 children，all home-schooled until the age of 13．”可知，Grace的父母对她的帮助是让她在13岁前都在家接受教育，故选B。]
4．What do Grace's parents want her to be in future
A．A news reporter． B．A basketball player．
C．A university teacher． D．A lawyer．
C [细节理解题。根据最后一段中“...she hopes to become a lawyer one day，although her parents expect her to teach at university．”可知，Grace的父母希望她将来成为一名大学教师，故选C。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Welcome to your fresh year of high school! Junior high is now behind you，and now you enter a whole new world． 1 Knowing this can help you reduce the stress and anxiety．
Seniors seem really big．The seniors will walk in with a swagger(趾高气扬)．They have an understanding of the school that you don't，and you can see it in their excitement about being at the top of the high school ladder． 2 They were once where you are and one day you will be one of those seniors．
3 Your coursework will increase significantly，and expectations from your teachers will be much greater．You'll have more homework，more papers，and harder exams．Learning how to study well is very important in high school．
4 One of the great things about high school is that there are so many opportunities to take part in activities that interest you．Taking part in extra-curricular activities allows you to meet new people，find out what you're interested in，and explore more of who you are．
You need to be more organized．With all the new opportunities，you will need to be more organized during your fresh year．It's not always easy to balance homework，tests，papers，after-school activities，chores，and more．If you start learning how to balance it all now，you'll be way ahead of the curve(领先于潮流) when you get to college and adulthood． 5
A．There will be fun．
B．Teachers expect more．
C．However，there are two things to remember．
D．There are more opportunities to do and learn things．
E．You'll be taking classes with people you've never met before．
F．Then what should you expect from your fresh year of high school
G．Organizing your time is a skill that will help you in every aspect of your life．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了进入高中后如何快速适应高中生活。
1．F [根据空后“Knowing this can help you reduce the stress and anxiety．(了解这一点可以帮助你减轻压力和焦虑。)”可知，空处应指的是可以帮助减少压力和焦虑的事情，F选项“Then what should you expect from your fresh year of high school (那么你对高中的新一年有什么期待呢？)”符合语境。故选F。]
2．C [根据空后的“They were once where you were and one day you will be one of those seniors．” (他们曾经和你一样，有一天你也会成为他们中的一员。)可知，此处提到了两件事情，C选项“However，there are two things to remember．(然而，有两件事要记住。)”引出下文中的两件需要记住的事情。故选C。]
3．B [根据空后内容可知，此处讲述的是高中课程紧，学习任务重，老师期望高，B选项“Teachers expect more．(教师期望更多。)”与本段内容吻合。故选B。]
4．D [根据空后内容可知，高中其中一件好事是你有很多参加你感兴趣的活动的机会，D选项“There are more opportunities to do and learn things．(有更多的机会去做和学习。)”与空后的内容一致。故选D。]
5．G [本段讲述的是有组织有条理的重要性，G选项“Organizing your time is a skill that will help you in every aspect of your life．(安排你的时间是一项对你生活的方方面面都有帮助的技能。)”讲述的组织好时间可以在生活中给你带来很多大的帮助，与本段内容吻合。故选G。]
Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Math was my worst subject．I was so 1 when my math teacher called me to the blackboard to do a long division (除法) problem，since I often put the 2 in the wrong places or forgot to add in the zeros．
As I 3 the blackboard，I looked at the golden-haired girl next to me，trying to 4 what she was writing．Although I tried my best，she went faster than I could understand．Why couldn't I understand this even when I tried to 5 it Why Why
I 6 back salty tears and wrote some numbers randomly (随便地) on the board．The teacher read over our answers silently．
“Now，class，Susie did this problem absolutely correctly．”
“As for Tara，” the teacher said， 7 her eyes，“I don't 8 know what she did．”
The class burst into 9 ， and I felt my face turned red，hoping to 10 them from seeing me at all．However，after class，my teacher wrote me a note， 11 ， “No one will truly make a difference to you，unless you 12 yourself to succeed．”
This 13 from middle school is the most impressive to me．The experience made me feel stronger，and gave me 14 ．When I get a bad grade in school，I think of that moment，which gives me the willingness to 15 all of those whys that I asked myself，and continue until perfection，or as close as I can get．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。数学课上的经历使作者印象深刻，让她在以后的求学中更加坚强，更加有决心地去克服任何困难，坚持寻找问题的答案，去解决所有遇到的问题，直到完美或者接近完美。
1．A．excited B．calm
C．upset D．proud
C [根据上文“Math was my worst subject．”可知，作者数学很差，因此被老师要求做题时感到沮丧。故选C。]
2．A．numbers B．books
C．papers D．exercises
A [根据“to do a long division problem”可知，因为是数学题目，因此涉及数字。故选A。]
3．A．cleaned B．approached
C．touched D．repaired
B [根据“when my math teacher called me to the blackboard to do a long division problem”可知，此处指走近黑板。故选B。]
4．A．explain B．forget
C．copy D．correct
C [根据“Although I tried my best，she went faster than I could understand．”可知，作者想要抄写旁边的金发女孩正在写的东西。故选C。]
5．A．escape from B．depend on
C．play with D．deal with
D [根据“do a long division problem”可知，此处指处理数学问题。故选D。]
6．A．gave B．brought
C．held D．pushed
C [根据“Why couldn't I understand this even when I tried to ________ it Why Why？”可知，作者感到深深地自责，因此强忍住泪水。故选C。]
7．A．rolling B．covering
C．focusing D．opening
A [根据“wrote some numbers randomly on the board”可知，老师看到作者的答案很生气，因此翻着白眼说话。故选A。]
8．A．frequently B．really
C．always D．relatively
B [根据“wrote some numbers randomly”可知，老师表示真的不知道作者写了什么。故选B。]
9．A．anger B．laughter
C．cheering D．enjoyment
B [根据“I felt my face turned red”可知，作者写错题被嘲笑了。burst into laughter为固定搭配，意为“突然大笑”。故选B。]
10．A．protect B．excuse
C．prevent D．shelter
C [根据“The class burst into________， and I felt my face turned red”可知，作者被嘲笑后，希望完全不让同学们看到自己。prevent sb．from doing sth．为固定搭配，意为“阻止某人做某事”。故选C。]
11．A．saying B．writing
C．showing D．asking
A [根据“No one will truly make a difference to you，unless you ________ yourself to succeed．”可知，此处指纸条上面写着的内容。故选A。]
12．A．allow B．force
C．advise D．beg
B [根据下文“When I get a bad grade in school，I think of that moment，which gives me the willingness to ________ all of those whys that I asked myself，and continue until perfection，or as close as I can get．”可知，此处表示强迫自己获得成功。故选B。]
13．A．subject B．problem
C．promise D．memory
D [根据“from middle school”和“The experience made me feel stronger”可知，此处表示中学时期的记忆。故选D。]
14．A．determination B．explanation
C．communication D．imagination
A [根据“which gives me the willingness to________ all of those whys that I asked myself”可知，此处表示给了自己决心。故选A。]
15．A．doubt B．repeat
C．accept D．answer
D [根据“all of those whys that I asked myself”可知，此处表示回答自己问过的那些为什么。故选D。]
Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Heated arguments and cold silences usually happen between parents and their children．1．________ is common for teenagers to have difficult relationships with their parents．Teenagers' physical and mental changes may result 2．________ such family tensions．You may feel anxious about your height，your weight，your changing voice or spots．You may also have difficulty 3．________ (balance) your developing mental needs．You often fall into a dilemma (进退两难的困境) between a new desire for 4．________ (independent) and a continued need for your parents' love and support．It can be difficult when your parents treat you like a child 5．________ expect you to act like 6．________ adult，which may lead to a breakdown in your relationship．
Although sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family，you can take action 7．________ (improve) the situation．The key to keeping the peace is regular and honest communication．It is completely normal to suffer from the stress 8．________ is caused by parent-child tensions．9．________ (fortunate)，this stormy period will not last．Everything 10．________ (turn) out all right in the end，and the changes and challenges of your teenage years will prepare you for adulthood．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年与父母关系不好的原因，并提出了相关建议。
1．It [考查代词。句意：It be＋adj．＋for sb．to do sth．为固定句型，it作形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填It。]
2．in [考查介词。result in为固定短语，意为“导致”。故填in。]
3．balancing [考查非谓语动词。have difficulty (in) doing sth．为固定短语，意为“做某事有困难”，空处需填动词-ing形式作宾语。故填balancing。]
4．independence [考查词性转换。空处需填名词作宾语，表示“独立”应用名词independence，不可数。故填independence。]
5．but [考查连词。上文提到“当你的父母把你当成孩子”，下文提到“期望你表现得像个成年人”，上下文之间形成转折关系，需用连词but连接。故填but。]
6．an [考查冠词。adult为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且adult发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。]
7．to improve [考查非谓语动词。take action to do sth．为固定搭配，表示“采取行动做某事”，空处需填动词不定式作状语。故填to improve。]
8．that/which [考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词stress，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。]
9．Fortunately [考查词性转换。修饰整个句子，需用副词fortunately，作状语。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Fortunately。]
10．will turn [考查动词时态。根据“in the end”和“will prepare”可知，此处为一般将来时。故填will turn。]
12/12Period 4 单元语法讲练(Discovering Useful Structures)
美文诵读 语法体悟
I'm sorry to know that you have difficulty in learning English，so I'm writing to give you ①some useful advice on it．First of all，I suggest you read the English words，sentences and short articles aloud every morning．Meanwhile，try to memorize words and sentences ②as much as possible，which helps enlarge your vocabulary．Besides，it is suggested that you read ③a variety of English books after school，which is ④good for your writing． ①为名词短语，且在句中作宾语 ②为副词短语，且在句中作状语 ③为名词短语，且在句中作宾语 ④为形容词短语，且在句中作表语
名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语
一、名词短语(Noun Phrase)
1．名词短语的意义和组成
名词短语指名词与它的修饰语构成的短语。名词短语通常由“(限定词＋)(形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词＋)名词(＋介词短语等)”组成。
This new club of my school(限定词＋形容词＋名词＋介词短语) has attracted many students(形容词＋名词)to sign up．
我校这个新俱乐部吸引了很多学生报名。
I am sure he will listen to you，since you are his good friend(限定词＋形容词＋名词)．
我相信他会听你的，因为你是他的好朋友。
[温馨提示] 限定词包括冠词(a，an，the)、指示代词(this，that，these，those等)、物主代词(my，your，his，her，our，their等)和不定代词(some，no，neither，both等)。
2．名词短语的句法功能
名词短语在句中一般作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。
The white house there(主语) belonged to a large family(宾语)．
那边那座白色的房子为一个大家庭所有。
I have three close friends(宾语)．
我有三个要好的朋友。
I found him a very patient teacher(宾语补足语)．
我发现他是一位很有耐心的老师。
写出黑体名词短语在句中所作的句子成分，并注意其构成
①We love our great motherland very much． ____________
②The man wearing a black coat is our teacher． ____________
③Those beautiful flowers come from Yunnan． ____________
④We made him capital of our team． ____________
二、形容词短语(Adjective Phrase)
1．形容词短语的意义和组成
形容词短语指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。形容词短语常由“(副词＋)形容词(＋介词短语)”“形容词＋and/but＋形容词”或“形容词＋enough＋介词短语”构成。
The weather is fairly warm(副词＋形容词)，so I'd like to have a walk．
天气相当暖和，因此我想出去走走。
Your room is large and beautiful (形容词＋and＋形容词)．
你的房间又大又漂亮。
That's good enough for me(形容词＋enough＋介词短语)．
那对我来说已经够好了。
2．形容词短语的句法功能
形容词短语可以修饰名词或代词作前置或后置定语，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。
We had a very difficult(前置定语) test in chemistry．
我们的化学考试很难。
He is a worker worthy of praise(后置定语)．
他是一个值得表扬的工人。
I am quite interested(表语)in modern Chinese literature．
我对中国现代文学很感兴趣。
I found his behaviour a little annoying(宾语补足语)．
我发现他的行为有点让人恼火。
找出下列句子中的形容词短语，并指出其在句中所作的句子成分
①The air today is nice and clean． ________________________
②He found the film very interesting． ________________________
③This is a subject worthy of careful study． ________________________
④I found it very hard to get along with foreigners． ________________________
三、副词短语(Adverb Phrase)
1．副词短语的意义和组成
副词短语指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语。副词短语常由“(副词＋)副词”、“副词＋and/but＋副词”或“副词＋enough＋介词短语”构成。
I tried again and again(副词＋and＋副词)．
我试了一遍又一遍。
I wish you'd write clearly enough for us to read it(副词＋enough＋介词短语)．
我希望你能写得足够清楚，让我们看得懂。
[温馨提示] 副词enough在修饰形容词或者副词构成形容词短语或者副词短语时，一般放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。
2．副词短语的句法功能
副词短语在句中可以修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句作状语。
Don't worry．He will do the job well enough(修饰动词作状语)．
不要担心。他会做好这个工作的。
Strangely enough(修饰全句作状语)，he managed to finish the job by himself．
奇怪的是，他设法自己完成了这个工作。
找出下列句子中的副词短语，并指出其功能
①He ran very quickly yesterday．
________________________
②I am much too pleased to see you．
________________________
③She plays well enough as a beginner．
________________________
④He worked much more carefully on the new design．________________________
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