Unit 1 A new start
Developing ideas
教学目标:
预习section B重点词汇
Section B高频词汇精讲
语法精讲
知识梳理
单词
poster n. 海报
badminton n. 羽毛球
drama n. 戏剧
band n. 乐队，乐团
5.debate n.&v 讨论，辩论
搭配
a debate on/over/about sth. 关于某事的辩论/讨论
the current debate about tax 目前关于税收的讨论
under debate 在辩论/讨论中
beyond debate 无可争辩
例句：He said it was beyond debate that the climate had changed over the last century.
他说，毋庸置疑，在过去的一个世纪中，气候发生了变化。
debate (sth.) with sb.与某人辩论/讨论(某事)
debate+ whether/what/how从句
debate+疑问词+to do
They debated whether to accept the author's suggestion.
他们讨论是否接受作者的建议。[词汇复现]
习题练习：
完成句子
1. It is a fact_____________________________（无可争辩) that the employment pressure of graduates is heavy.
2. We____________________________________（正在讨论如何设计)our new home.
3. We are having a heated debate_______________ the influence of computers on children.
4. We will debate _______________to join in the activity tomorrow.
5.Even though the bill is _______________debate now, it will be passed soon.
6. gym n. 体育馆，健身房
7. piano n. 钢琴
8. stage n. 舞台
9. photography n. 摄影
10. inner adj. （想法或情感）未表达出来的，隐藏的，内心的
11. pm 下午
12. argue v. 争论，争辩
搭配
argue (with sb.) about/over sth.(与某人)为某事争论
例句：They argued over the accident for hours.他们就这起事故辩论了几个小时。
argue that...主张/认为……
argue for/against(doing) sth.据理力争/反对(做)某事
argue sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事
例句：We argued her into going to the party.我们说服她参加了宴会。
【词语辨析】 debate,argue与quarrel
debate侧重“双方各抒己见”，内含“交锋”的意思。
argue侧重“说理”“论证”和“企图说服”。
quarrel指由于愤怒而争吵、吵架。
习题练习
单句语法填空
1. She argued___________ she needed more time to finish the task.
2.He argued___________ the waitress___________ the price of the meal.
3. He argued___________ smoking because he thought that it was harmful to health.
选词填空(debate/argue/quarrel）
4.It's hard to ___________her into changing her mind.
5. How to choose top students is under___________.
6.The students held a sharp ___________and about this topic.
7.She left angrily after a violent ___________with his wife.
13. topic n. 话题，论题
14. sharp adj. 敏锐的，聪明的; 锋利的：急剧的；尖刻的;剧烈的
keep a sharp eye on sb.密切注意某人
have a sharp mind/brain 有敏锁的头脑
a girl of sharp intelligence 聪颖的女孩
a sharp knife 锋利的刀
a sharp increase/fall in prices 价格的急剧上涨/下跌
be sharp with sb.对某人说话尖刻
a sharp pain一阵剧痛
【单词积累】
sharply adv. 急剧地；尖刻地
sharpen v（使）变锋利；（使)提高
习题练习
完成句子
1.Today, there is __________________________(急剧增加） in children's creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.
2. My teacher __________________________ (对 说话尖刻）me when I was late.
单句语法填空
3.Is there a problem " Tom asked_______________________ (sharp).
15. dinosaur n. 恐龙
16. dolphin n. 海豚
17. intelligent adj.有智慧的，聪明的;机智的;智能的
He is an intelligent young man with sharp mind.
他是个聪明的年轻人，头脑敏锐
Are there intelligent beings on other planets
在其他行星上是否存在着有智力的生物？
【单词积累】
intelligence n. 智力，智慧
a person of high/low/average/normal intelligence
智力高/低/一般/正常的人
词汇练习：
单句语法填空
1. I believes that all children are born with equal __________________(intelligent).
2.Couldn't we sit down and solve the problem _______________________(intelligent)
完成句子
3.They are_____________________________________________（非常聪明的学生）and they can solve the problem.
4. Susan's a woman__________________________ (智商高的），who knows her own mind.
18. investigate v. 查明，调查
19. various adj. 各种各样的，各种不同的
20. take part in 参加，参与
注意：
take part 后没有宾语时，不用介词in。part 前有形容词修饰时，形容词前要用不定冠词，如take an active part in 积极参加。
She wanted to take part, but she was too ill.
她想参加，但她病得太厉害了。
【词语辨析】take part in, join in , join 与 attend
take part in 指参加群体性活动，并在其中发挥一定的作用。
join in 指参加小规模的活动，常可与 talke part in 互换。
join 多指加人某个组织或团体并成为其中的一员，世可指加人某人的行列（join sb.）。
attend 指参加会议、婚礼、典礼等正式的场合或上课、上学等。
举例：
take part in the sports meeting 参加运动会
join in the discussion/conversation 参与讨论/交谈
join the army 参军
attend a meeting/ceremony/lecture 参加会议/ 参加典礼/ 听讲座
attend class/college 上课/ 上大学
词汇练习
完成句子
1.Many athletes are dreaming of__________________________（参加）the Olympic Games.
2.They organised a debate, but I__________________________ (没有参加).
3.Nowadays women are__________________________________（正积极参加）social activities.
选词填空 (take part in/join in/join/attend)
4.My sister__________________________ the League last month and she has decided to__________________________ the activities to help the aged in town as a volunteer.
5.Ten strong young Chinese students are required to _________the boat race.
6.I shall __________ an important conference next week.
7. All my family________ me in wishing you a quick recovery.
21 various ad.各种各样的，各种不同的
【单词积累】
vary v.相异；变化
vary from…to… 从……到……不等
vary in 在……方面相异
vary with 随……变化
例句：The amount of sleep we need varies from person to person.
我们对睡眠的需求量因人而异。
The colour of the fruit varies with age.
水果的颜色随生长时间而变化。
(2) variety n. 种类；多样化
a variety of/ varieties of =various 各种各样的
词汇练习
单句语法填空
1.There are__________ (vary) solutions to your problem.
2. For__________ (vary ) reasons, the experts disagree with this project.
3. The café offers a wide___________ (vary) of sandwiches in order to attract customers.
4. The leaves of these plants vary_________ shapes and sizes.
一句多译
5.这个学校为学生提供各种各样的课程。
Students are offered ________________________________courses in this school.
22 volunteer n,志愿者,义务工作者,自愿参加者 v自愿做
搭配
work/act as a volunteer做志愿者
volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事
volunteer for sth.自愿为某事效劳
例句：He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the Olympic Games.
现在他正在采访一位奥林匹克运动会的志愿者李燕
【单词积累】
voluntary adj. 志愿的; 自愿的 voluntarily adv. 自愿地，主动地
voluntary work/services 志愿工作/服务
词汇练习
单句语法填空
1. As one of the_______________ (volunteer), I have taught English in a remote mountain village for three years.
2.Why do you want to volunteer_________ our organisation
3. The Students’ Union asks for ________________(volunteer) service to help the poor students.
完成句子
4.A number of graduates________________ (自愿工作)in the northwestern part of our country.
23. gain获得,赢得;增加,增长 n好处,利益;增加
搭配
gain from 从……中获益
.gain experience/independence获得经验/独立
例句：There is nothing to be gained from delaying the decision推迟决定得不到任何好处。
a gain in earnings 收入的增加
No pain, no gain. [谚]不劳无获。
A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. [谚 ]吃一堑,长一智。
词汇练习
完成句子
1.The country_______________________________________________(获得了独立)ten years ago.
2.She expects to______________________________ (获得经验) by working abroad for two years.
3.I hope you can __________________________________(从… 中受益)the experience.
4.Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will _____________________(增加体
重)quickly.
24. apply v.申请,请求;使用，应用;有关，涉及
搭配
apply (to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申请某物
apply...to …. 把……应用于……(to是介词)
apply to... 适用于……(to 是介词)
apply oneself to (doing). 致力于……,专心于……(to 是介词
例句：He graduated with high enough marks to apply to a university.
他以足够高的分数毕业,可以申请大学。
The new technology was applied to farming.这项新技术已应用于农业。
He has been applying himself to voluntary service,他一直致力于志愿服务事业。【
单词积累】
applicant n.申请者
application n.申请(书);应用
词汇练习：
单句语法填空
If you apply yourself __________the job, in my opinion, you'll soon get promoted.
The questions on this part of the form only apply ____________married men.
I have been out of work for half a year, so I want to apply_________ a job in this company.
Make sure that you apply__________ the theory practice.
To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of____________(apply)to attend the opening ceremony.
Over the next months, he applied himself to_______________(improve) the technique.
完成句子
Students should_________________________________(专心致志学习)
25. schedule n.&v.
(1)n.时间表,进度表，日程表
搭配：
on schedule 按预定时间
ahead of schedule(= ahead of time)先于预定时间
behind schedule 迟于预定时间
have a tight/busy schedule 日程安排紧
(2) v. 把……安排在,预定
schedule...for... 把……安排在……搭配
be scheduled to do sth. 被安排做某事
例句：The debate is scheduled for the weekend.辩论会安排在周末。
He is scheduled to reach Beijing at five o'clock.他预计在3点钟抵达北京。
词汇练习
完成句子
The operation on the old man will be carried_________________(按预定时间)out
The jet arrived in New York_____________________(比预定时间提前两分钟)
____________________________________(我的日程安排很紧)right now, but I'll try to fit you in.
单句语法填空
The badminton competition is scheduled ___________the weekend.
Our guests are scheduled_______________ (arrive) at 7: 30 in the evening.
语法精讲：句子成分和基本句型
一．基本句子成分
一、英语句子基本成分
构成句子的各个部分称为句子成分。在英语中，句子成分包括主语(Subject)、谓语(Verb)、表语(Predicative)、宾语(Object)、定语(Attribute)、状语(Adverbial)、补足语(Complement)和同位语(Appositive)。
1.主语
Snow is white.雪是白的。(名词作主语)
He is my teacher.她是我的英语老师。（代词作主语）
Getting up early is good for your health.早起对你的健康有好处。（动名词作主语）
To see is to believe.眼见为实。（不定式做主语）
The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助贫穷的人。（the + adj.表示一类人）
What I need is time.我需要的是时间。（主语从句）
用法归纳
主语是句子陈述说明的主体对象(人或事物),属于句子必不可少的标志性成分，在主动语态中，是谓语动词的发出者。
2.谓语
I love my hometown.我爱我的家乡。
He can swim.他会游泳。
We have already finished reading this book.我们已经读完了这本书。
用法归纳
谓语说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。实义动词可以单独作谓语; 情态动词和助 动词需要和实义动词一起构成谓语。
3.表语
The soup tastes good. 这汤尝起来很不错。
She is a teacher.她是一名老师。
用法归纳
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征或状态。一般位于系动词之后
4.宾语
She has big eyes.她有一双大眼睛。
I think (that) he is fit for this position.我认为他适合这个职务。
用法归纳
宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词或介词后面。
注意：有些动词后面可以跟双宾语
(1)直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果,通常指物。
(2)间接宾语表示动作的接受者或指向,通常指人 ,它位于直接宾语之前;位于直接宾语之后时,其前面常加介词to或for。
5.宾语补足语
The news make me happy.这个新闻使我感到开心。
We should keep the room clean. 我们应该保持教师干净。
用法归纳
补充说明宾语的成分叫宾语补足语。
6.定语
China is a developing country while America is a developed country.
中国是一个发展中国家,而美国是一个发达国家。
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
我们的班长总是第一个进入教室。
用法归纳
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。单个词作定语时通常放在它所修饰词之前;短语和从句作定语时常放在其所修饰词之后。
7.状语
I am very pleased to see you.见到你我非常高兴。
I'll be back in a while.我一会儿就回来。
用法归纳
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫作状语。
8.同位语
情景导学
We have two children, a boy and a girl.我们有两个孩子,一个男孩和一个女孩。
The news that he had passed the exam delighted his mother.
他通过考试的消息使他母亲很高兴。
用法归纳
同位语通常位于名词或代词之后,对该词作进一步解释说明。
二、七种基本句型
1.主谓(SV)
He smiled.
He arrived.
用法归纳
主语+谓语动词就能表达完整的意思。通常谓语动词是不及物动词。
2.主谓宾(SVO)
She like apples. 她喜欢苹果。
We are talking bout weather. 我们正在讨论天气。
用法归纳
主谓宾结构，一般情况下，谓语动词都是及物 动词,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。如果动词是不及物动词，加宾语则需加上介词。
3.主谓双宾语(SVIODO)
He gave me a book.= He gave a book to me. 他给了我一本书
You should tell me the truth. 你应该告诉我真相。
用法归纳
此句型中，谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。直接宾语指的是动作的对象、承受者或后果; 间接宾语表示动作是向某人或为某人做的,两个宾语之间的位置一般可通过增加介词而互换。
注意: 双宾语易位时需借助to的常用动词:give、lend、hand、offer、pass、promise、
send、show、teach、tell等;双宾语易位时需借助于for的常用动词:buy、cook、find、get、make、order、spare等。
4.主谓宾宾补(SVOOC)
She asked me to go to school. 她要求我去学校。
You should keep you room clean. 你应该保持你的房间干净。
用法归纳
此句型中，动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补充说明宾语,才能使意思完整,且宾语和补充成分的位置不能互换。
5.主系表(SVP)
The idea sounds great. 这主意听起来不错。
She is a doctor. 她是一名医生。
用法归纳
此句中，句子的系动词不能单独表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语,才能表达完整的意思。
习题练习
一.写出下列句子的句型结构
S: 主语 V: 谓语 O: 宾语 P: 表语 A: 状语 IO: 间接宾语 DO: 直接宾语
OC: 宾语补足语
1.My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
2.It was the day of the big cross-country run.
3.Jenna made him put his hand in cold water.
4.My mom told me how to prepare it.
5.Tom bought a new book.
6.All students should leave before 9 pm.
7.The company will offer the local people sports facilities.
二.用本单元所学单词翻译句子
1.海豚是一种聪明的动物。(主系表)
2.他登上舞台前深呼吸。(主谓状)
3.他决定冷静地面对这些挑战。(主谓宾状)
4.志愿者们给孩子们买了一些礼物。(主谓双宾)
5.弹钢琴总是让他很开心。(主谓宾宾补)
一、根据要求翻译句子
1. 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。（主谓宾）
__________________________________________________________________________
2. 冬季白天短，夜里长。（主系表）
_____________________________________________________
3. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。（双宾结构）
________________________________________________________
4. 明天我要找人来修理机器。（主谓宾补）
___________________________________________________________Unit 1 A new start
Developing ideas
教学目标:
预习section B重点词汇
Section B高频词汇精讲
语法精讲
知识梳理
单词
poster n. 海报
badminton n. 羽毛球
drama n. 戏剧
band n. 乐队，乐团
5.debate n.&v 讨论，辩论
搭配
a debate on/over/about sth. 关于某事的辩论/讨论
the current debate about tax 目前关于税收的讨论
under debate 在辩论/讨论中
beyond debate 无可争辩
例句：He said it was beyond debate that the climate had changed over the last century.
他说，毋庸置疑，在过去的一个世纪中，气候发生了变化。
debate (sth.) with sb.与某人辩论/讨论(某事)
debate+ whether/what/how从句
debate+疑问词+to do
They debated whether to accept the author's suggestion.
他们讨论是否接受作者的建议。[词汇复现]
习题练习：
完成句子
1. It is a fact_____________________________（无可争辩) that the employment pressure of graduates is heavy.
2. We____________________________________（正在讨论如何设计)our new home.
3. We are having a heated debate_______________ the influence of computers on children.
4. We will debate _______________to join in the activity tomorrow.
5.Even though the bill is _______________debate now, it will be passed soon.
答案
1. beyond debate 2 are debating how to design 3 on/over/about 4 whether 5under
6. gym n. 体育馆，健身房
7. piano n. 钢琴
8. stage n. 舞台
9. photography n. 摄影
10. inner adj. （想法或情感）未表达出来的，隐藏的，内心的
11. pm 下午
12. argue v. 争论，争辩
搭配
argue (with sb.) about/over sth.(与某人)为某事争论
例句：They argued over the accident for hours.他们就这起事故辩论了几个小时。
argue that...主张/认为……
argue for/against(doing) sth.据理力争/反对(做)某事
argue sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事
例句：We argued her into going to the party.我们说服她参加了宴会。
【词语辨析】 debate,argue与quarrel
debate侧重“双方各抒己见”，内含“交锋”的意思。
argue侧重“说理”“论证”和“企图说服”。
quarrel指由于愤怒而争吵、吵架。
习题练习
单句语法填空
1. She argued___________ she needed more time to finish the task.
2.He argued___________ the waitress___________ the price of the meal.
3. He argued___________ smoking because he thought that it was harmful to health.
选词填空(debate/argue/quarrel）
4.It's hard to ___________her into changing her mind.
5. How to choose top students is under___________.
6.The students held a sharp ___________and about this topic.
7.She left angrily after a violent ___________with his wife.
答案1.that 2. with, about/over 3. against 4.argue 5.debate 6.debate, argued 7.quarrel
13. topic n. 话题，论题
14. sharp adj. 敏锐的，聪明的; 锋利的：急剧的；尖刻的;剧烈的
keep a sharp eye on sb.密切注意某人
have a sharp mind/brain 有敏锁的头脑
a girl of sharp intelligence 聪颖的女孩
a sharp knife 锋利的刀
a sharp increase/fall in prices 价格的急剧上涨/下跌
be sharp with sb.对某人说话尖刻
a sharp pain一阵剧痛
【单词积累】
sharply adv. 急剧地；尖刻地
sharpen v（使）变锋利；（使)提高
习题练习
完成句子
1.Today, there is __________________________(急剧增加） in children's creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.
2. My teacher __________________________ (对 说话尖刻）me when I was late.
单句语法填空
3.Is there a problem " Tom asked_______________________ (sharp).
答案1、a sharp increase (2) was sharp with (3) sharply
15. dinosaur n. 恐龙
16. dolphin n. 海豚
17. intelligent adj.有智慧的，聪明的;机智的;智能的
He is an intelligent young man with sharp mind.
他是个聪明的年轻人，头脑敏锐
Are there intelligent beings on other planets
在其他行星上是否存在着有智力的生物？
【单词积累】
intelligence n. 智力，智慧
a person of high/low/average/normal intelligence
智力高/低/一般/正常的人
词汇练习：
单句语法填空
1. I believes that all children are born with equal __________________(intelligent).
2.Couldn't we sit down and solve the problem _______________________(intelligent)
完成句子
3.They are_____________________________________________（非常聪明的学生）and they can solve the problem.
4. Susan's a woman__________________________ (智商高的），who knows her own mind.
答案
1 intelligence 2.intelligently 3.highly intelligent students 4. of high intelligence
18. investigate v. 查明，调查
19. various adj. 各种各样的，各种不同的
20. take part in 参加，参与
注意：
take part 后没有宾语时，不用介词in。part 前有形容词修饰时，形容词前要用不定冠词，如take an active part in 积极参加。
She wanted to take part, but she was too ill.
她想参加，但她病得太厉害了。
【词语辨析】take part in, join in , join 与 attend
take part in 指参加群体性活动，并在其中发挥一定的作用。
join in 指参加小规模的活动，常可与 talke part in 互换。
join 多指加人某个组织或团体并成为其中的一员，世可指加人某人的行列（join sb.）。
attend 指参加会议、婚礼、典礼等正式的场合或上课、上学等。
举例：
take part in the sports meeting 参加运动会
join in the discussion/conversation 参与讨论/交谈
join the army 参军
attend a meeting/ceremony/lecture 参加会议/ 参加典礼/ 听讲座
attend class/college 上课/ 上大学
词汇练习
完成句子
1.Many athletes are dreaming of__________________________（参加）the Olympic Games.
2.They organised a debate, but I__________________________ (没有参加).
3.Nowadays women are__________________________________（正积极参加）social activities.
选词填空 (take part in/join in/join/attend)
4.My sister__________________________ the League last month and she has decided to__________________________ the activities to help the aged in town as a volunteer.
5.Ten strong young Chinese students are required to _________the boat race.
6.I shall __________ an important conference next week.
7. All my family________ me in wishing you a quick recovery.
答案
1.taking part in 2.didn't take part 3.taking an active part in 4.joined, take part in
5.take part in/join in 6.attend 7.join
21 various ad.各种各样的，各种不同的
【单词积累】
vary v.相异；变化
vary from…to… 从……到……不等
vary in 在……方面相异
vary with 随……变化
例句：The amount of sleep we need varies from person to person.
我们对睡眠的需求量因人而异。
The colour of the fruit varies with age.
水果的颜色随生长时间而变化。
(2) variety n. 种类；多样化
a variety of/ varieties of =various 各种各样的
词汇练习
单句语法填空
1.There are__________ (vary) solutions to your problem.
2. For__________ (vary ) reasons, the experts disagree with this project.
3. The café offers a wide___________ (vary) of sandwiches in order to attract customers.
4. The leaves of these plants vary_________ shapes and sizes.
一句多译
5.这个学校为学生提供各种各样的课程。
Students are offered ________________________________courses in this school.
答案1.various 2.various 3.variety 4.in 5. various/varieties of/a variety of
22 volunteer n,志愿者,义务工作者,自愿参加者 v自愿做
搭配
work/act as a volunteer做志愿者
volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事
volunteer for sth.自愿为某事效劳
例句：He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the Olympic Games.
现在他正在采访一位奥林匹克运动会的志愿者李燕
【单词积累】
voluntary adj. 志愿的; 自愿的 voluntarily adv. 自愿地，主动地
voluntary work/services 志愿工作/服务
词汇练习
单句语法填空
1. As one of the_______________ (volunteer), I have taught English in a remote mountain village for three years.
2.Why do you want to volunteer_________ our organisation
3. The Students’ Union asks for ________________(volunteer) service to help the poor students.
完成句子
4.A number of graduates________________ (自愿工作)in the northwestern part of our country.
答案：
1.volunteers 2.or 3.voluntary 4. volunteer to work
23. gain获得,赢得;增加,增长 n好处,利益;增加
搭配
gain from 从……中获益
.gain experience/independence获得经验/独立
例句：There is nothing to be gained from delaying the decision推迟决定得不到任何好处。
a gain in earnings 收入的增加
No pain, no gain. [谚]不劳无获。
A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. [谚 ]吃一堑,长一智。
词汇练习
完成句子
1.The country_______________________________________________(获得了独立)ten years ago.
2.She expects to______________________________ (获得经验) by working abroad for two years.
3.I hope you can __________________________________(从… 中受益)the experience.
4.Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will _____________________(增加体
重)quickly.
答案：
1. gained its independence 2.gain experience 3.gain from 4. gain weight
24. apply v.申请,请求;使用，应用;有关，涉及
搭配
apply (to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申请某物
apply...to …. 把……应用于……(to是介词)
apply to... 适用于……(to 是介词)
apply oneself to (doing). 致力于……,专心于……(to 是介词
例句：He graduated with high enough marks to apply to a university.
他以足够高的分数毕业,可以申请大学。
The new technology was applied to farming.这项新技术已应用于农业。
He has been applying himself to voluntary service,他一直致力于志愿服务事业。【
单词积累】
applicant n.申请者
application n.申请(书);应用
词汇练习：
单句语法填空
If you apply yourself __________the job, in my opinion, you'll soon get promoted.
The questions on this part of the form only apply ____________married men.
I have been out of work for half a year, so I want to apply_________ a job in this company.
Make sure that you apply__________ the theory practice.
To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of____________(apply)to attend the opening ceremony.
Over the next months, he applied himself to_______________(improve) the technique.
完成句子
Students should_________________________________(专心致志学习)
答案：
1.to 2.tо 3.for 4.to 5. applicants 6.improving 7. apply themselves to their study
25. schedule n.&v.
(1)n.时间表,进度表，日程表
搭配：
on schedule 按预定时间
ahead of schedule(= ahead of time)先于预定时间
behind schedule 迟于预定时间
have a tight/busy schedule 日程安排紧
(2) v. 把……安排在,预定
schedule...for... 把……安排在……搭配
be scheduled to do sth. 被安排做某事
例句：The debate is scheduled for the weekend.辩论会安排在周末。
He is scheduled to reach Beijing at five o'clock.他预计在3点钟抵达北京。
词汇练习
完成句子
The operation on the old man will be carried_________________(按预定时间)out
The jet arrived in New York_____________________(比预定时间提前两分钟)
____________________________________(我的日程安排很紧)right now, but I'll try to fit you in.
单句语法填空
The badminton competition is scheduled ___________the weekend.
Our guests are scheduled_______________ (arrive) at 7: 30 in the evening.
答案：
1.on schedule 2 two minutes ahead of schedule 3.I have a tight schedule 4. for 5. to arrive
语法精讲：句子成分和基本句型
一．基本句子成分
一、英语句子基本成分
构成句子的各个部分称为句子成分。在英语中，句子成分包括主语(Subject)、谓语(Verb)、表语(Predicative)、宾语(Object)、定语(Attribute)、状语(Adverbial)、补足语(Complement)和同位语(Appositive)。
1.主语
Snow is white.雪是白的。(名词作主语)
He is my teacher.她是我的英语老师。（代词作主语）
Getting up early is good for your health.早起对你的健康有好处。（动名词作主语）
To see is to believe.眼见为实。（不定式做主语）
The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助贫穷的人。（the + adj.表示一类人）
What I need is time.我需要的是时间。（主语从句）
用法归纳
主语是句子陈述说明的主体对象(人或事物),属于句子必不可少的标志性成分，在主动语态中，是谓语动词的发出者。
2.谓语
I love my hometown.我爱我的家乡。
He can swim.他会游泳。
We have already finished reading this book.我们已经读完了这本书。
用法归纳
谓语说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。实义动词可以单独作谓语; 情态动词和助 动词需要和实义动词一起构成谓语。
3.表语
The soup tastes good. 这汤尝起来很不错。
She is a teacher.她是一名老师。
用法归纳
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征或状态。一般位于系动词之后
4.宾语
She has big eyes.她有一双大眼睛。
I think (that) he is fit for this position.我认为他适合这个职务。
用法归纳
宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词或介词后面。
注意：有些动词后面可以跟双宾语
(1)直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果,通常指物。
(2)间接宾语表示动作的接受者或指向,通常指人 ,它位于直接宾语之前;位于直接宾语之后时,其前面常加介词to或for。
5.宾语补足语
The news make me happy.这个新闻使我感到开心。
We should keep the room clean. 我们应该保持教师干净。
用法归纳
补充说明宾语的成分叫宾语补足语。
6.定语
China is a developing country while America is a developed country.
中国是一个发展中国家,而美国是一个发达国家。
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
我们的班长总是第一个进入教室。
用法归纳
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。单个词作定语时通常放在它所修饰词之前;短语和从句作定语时常放在其所修饰词之后。
7.状语
I am very pleased to see you.见到你我非常高兴。
I'll be back in a while.我一会儿就回来。
用法归纳
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫作状语。
8.同位语
情景导学
We have two children, a boy and a girl.我们有两个孩子,一个男孩和一个女孩。
The news that he had passed the exam delighted his mother.
他通过考试的消息使他母亲很高兴。
用法归纳
同位语通常位于名词或代词之后,对该词作进一步解释说明。
二、七种基本句型
1.主谓(SV)
He smiled.
He arrived.
用法归纳
主语+谓语动词就能表达完整的意思。通常谓语动词是不及物动词。
2.主谓宾(SVO)
She like apples. 她喜欢苹果。
We are talking bout weather. 我们正在讨论天气。
用法归纳
主谓宾结构，一般情况下，谓语动词都是及物 动词,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。如果动词是不及物动词，加宾语则需加上介词。
3.主谓双宾语(SVIODO)
He gave me a book.= He gave a book to me. 他给了我一本书
You should tell me the truth. 你应该告诉我真相。
用法归纳
此句型中，谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。直接宾语指的是动作的对象、承受者或后果; 间接宾语表示动作是向某人或为某人做的,两个宾语之间的位置一般可通过增加介词而互换。
注意: 双宾语易位时需借助to的常用动词:give、lend、hand、offer、pass、promise、
send、show、teach、tell等;双宾语易位时需借助于for的常用动词:buy、cook、find、get、make、order、spare等。
4.主谓宾宾补(SVOOC)
She asked me to go to school. 她要求我去学校。
You should keep you room clean. 你应该保持你的房间干净。
用法归纳
此句型中，动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补充说明宾语,才能使意思完整,且宾语和补充成分的位置不能互换。
5.主系表(SVP)
The idea sounds great. 这主意听起来不错。
She is a doctor. 她是一名医生。
用法归纳
此句中，句子的系动词不能单独表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语,才能表达完整的意思。
习题练习
一.写出下列句子的句型结构
S: 主语 V: 谓语 O: 宾语 P: 表语 A: 状语 IO: 间接宾语 DO: 直接宾语
OC: 宾语补足语
1.My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
SVOA
2.It was the day of the big cross-country run.
SVP
3.Jenna made him put his hand in cold water.
SVOOC
4.My mom told me how to prepare it.
SVIODO
5.Tom bought a new book.
SVO
6.All students should leave before 9 pm.
SVA
7.The company will offer the local people sports facilities.
SVIODO
二.用本单元所学单词翻译句子
1.海豚是一种聪明的动物。(主系表)
The dolphin is an intelligent animal.
2.他登上舞台前深呼吸。(主谓状)
He breathed deeply before he went onto the stage.
3.他决定冷静地面对这些挑战。(主谓宾状)
He decided to face the challenges calmly.
4.志愿者们给孩子们买了一些礼物。(主谓双宾)
Volunteers bought the children some gifts.
5.弹钢琴总是让他很开心。(主谓宾宾补)
Playing the piano always makes him very happy.
一、根据要求翻译句子
1. 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。（主谓宾）
__________________________________________________________________________
2. 冬季白天短，夜里长。（主系表）
_____________________________________________________
3. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。（双宾结构）
________________________________________________________
4. 明天我要找人来修理机器。（主谓宾补）
___________________________________________________________
1. You must finishing reading these books in two weeks.
2. In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.
3. This term I have written three letters to my parents.
4. Tomorrow I will have someone repair the machine.
二．用所给句型翻译下列句子
1．我每天起得很早。(SVA)I get up very early every day.
2．今天下午我想和你谈谈。(SVOA)I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3．奶奶给我讲了一个有趣的故事。(SVIODO) Grandma told me an interesting story.
4．我要你把真相告诉我。(SVOC) I want you to tell me the truth.
5．这个报告听起来很有意思。(SVP)The report sounds interesting.
6．汤姆已经离开了。(SV)Tom has left.
7．我们完成了作业。(SVO)We have finished our homework.
8．在拐角处有一家餐馆。(存现句)There is a restaurant around the corner．
