人教版 选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and Scientists.同步词汇笔记
序号 单词 派生词 核心考点 单词速记 例句
1 cholera / k l r / n. 霍乱 无 无特殊搭配,指“由细菌引起的急性肠道传染病” 音译“霍乱”,联想“急性传染病,有腹泻、脱水症状” Cholera broke out in the poor area due to dirty water.(由于水质不洁,该贫困地区爆发了霍乱。)
2 severe /s v (r)/ adj. 极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的 1. severely adv. 严重地;严厉地2. severity n. 严重性;严厉 1. severe disease(严重疾病)2. severe weather(恶劣天气) “severe=严重的”,联想“病情、天气的‘严重’程度” The patient is in severe condition and needs urgent treatment.(病人病情严重,需要紧急治疗。)
3 diarrhoea / da r / n. 腹泻 无 1. suffer from diarrhoea(患腹泻)2. severe diarrhoea(严重腹泻) 音译“腹泻”,联想“肠道疾病常见症状” Diarrhoea is a common symptom of cholera.(腹泻是霍乱的常见症状。)
4 dehydration / di ha dre n/ n. 脱水 dehydrate vt. 使脱水;vi. 脱水 1. suffer from dehydration(患脱水)2. dehydration caused by diarrhoea(腹泻引起的脱水) 拆分:de-(去除)+ hydr-(水)+ ation→“去除水分”即脱水 The child was sent to hospital for dehydration after days of diarrhoea.(孩子腹泻多日后因脱水被送医。)
5 frustrated /fr stre t d/ adj. 懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的 1. frustrate vt. 使沮丧;阻碍2. frustration n. 沮丧;挫折 1. be frustrated with(对……感到沮丧)2. feel frustrated(感到沮丧) “frustrated=沮丧的”,形容人(区别于frustrating“令人沮丧的”,形容事物) He was frustrated with his failure in the math exam.(他对数学考试失利感到沮丧。)
6 once and for all 最终地;彻底地 无 固定短语,表“一次性解决,不再重复” 字面“一次且为了所有”→“彻底一次” We need to solve this problem once and for all to avoid future trouble.(我们需要彻底解决这个问题,避免日后麻烦。)
7 contradictory / k ntr d kt ri/ adj. 相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的 1. contradict vt. 反驳;与……矛盾2. contradiction n. 矛盾;不一致 1. contradictory opinions(矛盾的观点)2. be contradictory to(与……矛盾) 拆分:contra-(相反)+ dict-(说)+ ory→“说相反的话”→矛盾的 Their statements about the accident are contradictory to each other.(他们对事故的描述相互矛盾。)
8 infection / n fek n/ n. 感染;传染 1. infect vt. 使感染;传染2. infectious adj. 传染性的;感染性的 1. viral infection(病毒感染)2. prevent infection(预防感染) “infect的名词形式”,联想“病原体侵入人体引发的状态” The wound is at risk of infection if not cleaned properly.(伤口若清洁不当,有感染风险。)
9 infect / n fekt/ vt. 使感染;传染 1. infection n. 感染;传染2. infectious adj. 传染性的 1. infect sb. with sth.(使某人感染某物,如infect with virus)2. be infected with(被感染,被动语态) “infect=感染”,强调“病原体传播给生物” The virus can infect people through close contact with patients.(该病毒可通过与患者密切接触感染人。)
10 germ /d m/ n. 微生物;细菌;病菌 无 1. kill germs(杀菌)2. harmful germs(有害病菌) “germ=病菌,细菌”,日常语境中常指“致病微生物” Washing hands with soap can help remove most germs on the skin.(用肥皂洗手可去除皮肤表面大部分病菌。)
11 subscribe /s b skra b/ vi. 认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费);subscribe to 同意;赞同 subscription n. 订阅;认购;会员费 1. subscribe to a magazine(订阅杂志)2. subscribe to a view(同意某观点) “subscribe=订阅;同意”,to为介词,后接名词/动名词 I subscribe to the belief that education should be free for all.(我认同“教育应面向所有人免费”的观点。)
12 proof /pru f/ n. 证据;证明;检验 prove vt. 证明;证实 1. provide proof(提供证据)2. proof of sth.(某物的证据,如proof of identity) “prove的名词形式”,联想“证明某事真实性的材料” He has no proof to show he was not at the crime scene.(他没有证据证明自己不在犯罪现场。)
13 multiple / m lt pl/ adj. 数量多的;多种多样的 1. multiply vt. 乘;增加;vi. 繁殖2. multiplication n. 乘法;增加 1. multiple choices(多项选择)2. multiple reasons(多种原因) “multiple=多个的”,后接复数名词,如“multiple ways(多种方法)” The problem can be solved in multiple ways, so choose the easiest one.(这个问题有多种解法,选最简单的即可。)
14 pump /p mp/ n. 泵;抽水机;打气筒;water pump 水泵 pump vt. 用泵抽(水/气等);vi. 抽水 1. water pump(水泵)2. air pump(打气筒) “pump=泵”,联想“用于抽水、打气的工具” The old water pump in the village was replaced with a new one last month.(村里的旧水泵上个月被换成了新的。)
15 household / ha sh ld/ n. 一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人 无 1. household chores(家务)2. average household(普通家庭) 拆分:house(房子)+ hold(持有,容纳)→“住在同一房子里的人”即家庭 Each household in this community has access to clean drinking water.(该社区每户家庭都能用到干净的饮用水。)
16 suspect /s b spekt/ vt. & vi. 怀疑;疑有;不信任;/ s spekt/ n. 犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象 1. suspicion n. 怀疑;猜疑2. suspicious adj. 可疑的;怀疑的 1. suspect sb. of sth.(怀疑某人做某事,如suspect of theft)2. a suspect in the case(案件嫌疑人) “动词重音在后/s b spekt/,名词重音在前/ s spekt/” The police suspect him of being involved in the bank robbery.(警方怀疑他参与了银行抢劫案。)
17 blame /ble m/ vt. 把……归咎于;责怪;指责;n. 责备;指责 blameful adj. 应受责备的(高中少见) 1. blame sb. for sth.(因某事责怪某人)2. take the blame(承担责任) “blame=责怪”,无被动语态(不能说“sb. is blamed for”表主动责怪,被动表“被指责”) Don't blame the child for the mistake—he didn't do it on purpose.(别责怪孩子犯这个错,他不是故意的。)
18 handle / h ndl/ n. 把手;拉手;柄;vt. 处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) 无 1. door handle(门把手)2. handle a problem(处理问题) “handle=把手(名词);处理(动词)”,一词多义高频词 She is experienced in handling customer complaints.(她在处理客户投诉方面很有经验。)
19 intervention / nt ven n/ n. 介入;出面;干涉 intervene vi. 介入;干预;插嘴 1. government intervention(政府介入)2. medical intervention(医疗干预) “intervene的名词形式”,联想“第三方参与解决问题” Early medical intervention can greatly improve the patient's recovery rate.(早期医疗干预能显著提高患者的治愈率。)
20 link /l k/ n. 联系;纽带;vt. 把……连接起来;相关联 linkage n. 联系;连接(高中少见) 1. link A to B(把A和B联系起来)2. a link between A and B(A和B之间的联系) “link=联系”,可指具体“连接物”或抽象“关联” Scientists have found a close link between smoking and lung cancer.(科学家发现吸烟与肺癌之间存在密切联系。)
21 raw /r / adj. 未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的 无 1. raw food(生食,如raw fish)2. raw material(原材料) “raw=生的;未处理的”,联想“未加工的食物或材料” Eating raw meat may lead to infection with harmful bacteria.(吃生肉可能会感染有害细菌。)
22 pure /pj (r)/ adj. 干净的;纯的;纯粹的 1. purity n. 纯净;纯度2. purely adv. 纯粹地;仅仅 1. pure water(纯净水)2. pure gold(纯金) “pure=纯净的”,强调“无杂质” The water from this spring is so pure that it can be drunk directly.(这口泉水非常纯净,可直接饮用。)
23 substantial /s b st n l/ adj. 大量的;价值巨大的;重大的 substance n. 物质;实质;主旨 1. substantial progress(显著进步)2. substantial amount of money(大笔资金) 拆分:substance(实质)+ ial→“有实质内容的”→“重大的;大量的” The company has made substantial investments in renewable energy.(该公司在可再生能源领域投入了大量资金。)
24 decrease / di kri s/ n. 减少;降低;减少量;/d kri s/ vt. & vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低 decreasing adj. 减少的;下降的 1. a decrease in sth.(某物的减少,如a decrease in temperature)2. decrease by(减少了……,后接百分比/数量) “名词重音在前/ di kri s/,动词重音在后/d kri s/” The number of students in this school has decreased by 10% in the past year.(过去一年,这所学校的学生数量减少了10%。)
25 thanks to 幸亏;由于 无 1. thanks to sb./sth.(多亏某人/某物,可接积极或消极原因)2. 作状语,区别于because(后接从句) “thanks to=幸亏”,口语和书面语均常用 Thanks to his timely help, we managed to finish the project before the deadline.(多亏他及时帮忙,我们才得以在截止日期前完成项目。)
26 statistic /st t st k/ n. [pl. -s] 统计数字;统计资料;统计学 1. statistics n. 统计学;统计数据(复数)2. statistical adj. 统计的;统计学的 1. official statistics(官方统计数据)2. collect statistics(收集统计数据) “单数statistic表‘单个统计数字’,复数statistics表‘统计数据/统计学’” The statistics released by the government show that unemployment rate is falling.(政府发布的统计数据显示失业率正在下降。)
27 transform /tr ns f m/ vt. 使改观;使改变形态;vi. 改变;转变 transformation n. 转变;改观;改革 1. transform sth. into sth.(把某物转变成某物)2. transform one's life(改变某人的生活) 拆分:trans-(跨越,转变)+ form(形态)→“改变形态”→改观 The Internet has transformed the way people work and communicate.(互联网改变了人们工作和沟通的方式。)
28 epidemiology / ep di mi l d i/ n. 流行病学 epidemiological adj. 流行病学的 无特殊搭配,指“研究疾病在人群中传播规律的学科” 拆分:epi-(在……之上)+ dem-(人群)+ ology(学科)→“研究人群疾病的学科” She majors in epidemiology to study how infectious diseases spread.(她主修流行病学,研究传染病的传播规律。)
29 microscope / ma kr sk p/ n. 显微镜 microscopic adj. 微观的;微小的;用显微镜的 1. use a microscope(使用显微镜)2. optical microscope(光学显微镜) 拆分:micro-(微小的)+ scope(观察仪器)→“观察微小物体的仪器” Scientists use a microscope to observe cells and germs.(科学家用显微镜观察细胞和病菌。)
30 thinking / θ k / n. 思想;思维;见解 1. think vt. & vi. 思考;认为2. thought n. 想法;思想;思考 1. critical thinking(批判性思维)2. independent thinking(独立思考) “think的动名词形式,表‘抽象的思维或思想’” Developing critical thinking skills is important for middle school students.(培养批判性思维能力对中学生很重要。)
31 protein / pr ti n/ n. 蛋白质 无 1. animal protein(动物蛋白,如肉、蛋)2. plant protein(植物蛋白,如豆类、坚果) “protein=蛋白质”,人体必需的营养素之一 Eating enough protein every day is good for muscle growth and repair.(每天摄入足够的蛋白质有助于肌肉生长和修复。)
32 cell /sel/ n. 细胞;小房间;单间牢房 cellular adj. 细胞的;由细胞构成的 1. blood cell(血细胞)2. plant cell / animal cell(植物细胞/动物细胞) “cell=细胞”,生物结构和功能的基本单位 Human bodies are composed of trillions of cells with different functions.(人体由数万亿个功能不同的细胞构成。)
33 virus / va r s/ n. 病毒 viral adj. 病毒的;病毒性的 1. viral infection(病毒感染)2. computer virus(电脑病毒) “virus=病毒”,需寄生在活细胞内才能繁殖 This new virus spreads quickly through respiratory droplets.(这种新病毒通过飞沫快速传播。)
34 finding / fa nd / n. 发现;调查结果;(法律)判决 find vt. & vi. 发现;找到 1. research findings(研究发现)2. official findings(官方调查结果) “find的动名词形式,表‘正式的发现或调查结果’” The findings of this study were published in a top scientific journal.(该研究的发现发表在一本顶级科学期刊上。)
35 initial / n l/ adj. 最初的;开始的;第一的 initially adv. 最初;起初 1. initial stage(初始阶段)2. initial plan(初步计划) “initial=最初的”,强调“开始阶段的” We need to make an initial assessment before starting the project.(项目开始前,我们需要做初步评估。)
36 vaccine / v ksi n/ n. 疫苗 1. vaccinate vt. 给……接种疫苗2. vaccination n. 接种疫苗;疫苗接种 1. vaccine against sth.(对抗某物的疫苗,如vaccine against COVID-19)2. get a vaccine(接种疫苗) “vaccine=疫苗”,用于预防特定传染病 Most children receive vaccines against common diseases when they are young.(大多数儿童在幼年时会接种预防常见疾病的疫苗。)
37 framework / fre mw k/ n. 框架;结构;theoretical framework 理论框架 无 1. theoretical framework(理论框架)2. legal framework(法律框架) 拆分:frame(框架)+ work(结构)→“支撑整体的框架结构” This report provides a clear framework for solving environmental problems.(这份报告为解决环境问题提供了清晰的框架。)
38 solid / s l d/ adj. 可靠的;固体的;坚实的;n. 固体 solidly adv. 坚固地;扎实地;连续地 1. solid evidence(确凿证据)2. solid performance(稳定表现) “solid=可靠的;固体的”,形容词和名词均可作 The team has a solid foundation in English, so they won the competition.(该团队英语基础扎实,因此赢得了比赛。)
39 cast /kɑ st/ vt. (cast, cast) 投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷 cast n. 演员表;铸件(高中少见) 1. cast a shadow(投下阴影)2. cast a glance at(瞥一眼……) “cast=投射”,过去式和过去分词均为cast(不规则变化) The tall building cast a long shadow on the street in the afternoon.(下午,这栋高楼在街道上投下了长长的影子。)
40 shadow / d / n. 阴影;影子;背光处 shadowy adj. 阴暗的;模糊的;不明的 1. in the shadow of(在……的阴影下)2. cast a shadow on(给……投下阴影;给……带来负面影响) “shadow=影子;阴影”,可指具体“影子”或抽象“负面影响” The economic crisis cast a shadow on the country's development.(经济危机给该国的发展带来了负面影响。)
41 rainbow / re nb / n. 彩虹 无 1. see a rainbow(看到彩虹)2. a rainbow of colors(五颜六色) 拆分:rain(雨)+ bow(弓)→“雨后像弓一样的彩色光带” We were lucky to see a beautiful rainbow after the heavy rain.(大雨过后,我们有幸看到了一道美丽的彩虹。)
42 pour /p (r)/ vt. 倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料);vi. 倾泻;下大雨 无 1. pour sth. into sth.(把某物倒入某物,如pour water into a cup)2. It's pouring.(下大雨了。,口语常用) “pour=倒出;下大雨”,动词可及物或不及物 She poured a cup of hot tea for her grandmother to keep warm.(她给奶奶倒了一杯热茶取暖。)
43 concrete / k kri t/ n. 混凝土;adj. 混凝土制的;确实的;具体的 无 1. concrete building(混凝土建筑)2. concrete plans(具体计划) “concrete=混凝土(名词);具体的(形容词)”,一词多义 We need to put forward concrete solutions instead of just talking.(我们需要提出具体的解决方案,而不只是空谈。)
44 plasma / pl zm / n. 血浆 无 1. blood plasma(血浆)2. donate plasma(捐献血浆) “plasma=血浆”,血液中淡黄色的液体部分 Doctors used his donated blood plasma to save the seriously ill patient.(医生用他捐献的血浆挽救了那位重症患者。)
45 aerospace / e r spe s/ n. 航空航天工业 aerospace adj. 航空航天的;与航空航天有关的 1. aerospace industry(航空航天工业)2. aerospace technology(航空航天技术) 拆分:aero-(航空)+ space(航天)→“航空和航天相关的工业” Many countries are investing heavily in aerospace research and development.(许多国家在航空航天研发领域投入巨资。)
46 patriotic / pe tri t k/ adj. 爱国的 1. patriot n. 爱国者2. patriotism n. 爱国主义;爱国精神 1. patriotic feelings(爱国情怀)2. patriotic actions(爱国行为) 拆分:patriot(爱国者)+ ic(形容词后缀)→“爱国的” His patriotic speeches inspired many young people to serve their country.(他的爱国演讲激励了许多年轻人为国家服务。)
47 mechanical /m k n kl/ adj. 机械的;发动机的;机器的;mechanic /m k n k/ n. 机械师;机械修理工 mechanics n. 力学;机械学;机械装置 1. mechanical problem(机械故障)2. mechanical device(机械设备) “mechanic(机械师)+ al→机械的”,与“机器、发动机”相关 The car broke down on the highway due to a mechanical fault.(汽车因机械故障在高速公路上抛锚了。)
48 break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发 无 1. break out(无被动语态,主语为事件,如war, fire)2. break out of(逃离……,如break out of prison) “break out=爆发”,强调“突发事件的突然发生” A big fire broke out in the old factory last night, but no one was hurt.(昨晚这家旧工厂爆发了一场大火,但无人受伤。)
49 aviation / e vi e n/ n. 航空制造业;航空;飞行 aviation adj. 航空的;飞行的 1. civil aviation(民用航空)2. aviation industry(航空业) 拆分:avi-(飞行)+ ation(名词后缀)→“与飞行相关的行业” The development of aviation has made long-distance travel much easier.(航空业的发展让长途旅行变得容易多了。)
50 defend /d fend/ vt. 保卫;防守;辩解 1. defence (AmE defense) n. 防御;保卫;辩解2. defensive adj. 防御的;防守的;辩解的 1. defend one's country(保卫国家)2. defend oneself(自卫;为自己辩解) “defend=保卫;辩解”,可指“保护实体”或“为自己辩护” Soldiers swear to defend their motherland with their lives.(士兵们宣誓要用生命保卫祖国。)
51 jet /d et/ n. 喷气式飞机 jet vt. & vi. 喷射;喷出(高中少见) 1. jet plane(喷气式飞机,可简称为jet)2. jet engine(喷气发动机) “jet=喷气式飞机”,日常语境中常用简称 They took a jet to New York for a business meeting.(他们乘喷气式飞机去纽约开商务会议。)
52 assistant / s st nt/ n. 助理;助手;in charge of 主管;掌管 1. assist vt. & vi. 帮助;协助2. assistance n. 帮助;援助 1. personal assistant(私人助理)2. assist sb. with sth.(协助某人做某事,动词assist搭配) “assist(帮助)+ ant(表‘人’后缀)→助手,助理” She works as an assistant to the manager and helps with daily tasks.(她担任经理助理,协助处理日常事务。)
53 missile / m sa l/ n. 导弹 无 1. guided missile(导弹,字面“制导导弹”,常用简称)2. ballistic missile(弹道导弹) “missile=导弹”,指“能远程精准打击的武器” The country successfully tested a new type of guided missile last week.(该国上周成功测试了一种新型导弹。)
54 leadership / li d p/ n. 领导;领导地位;领导才能 1. leader n. 领导者;领袖2. lead vt. & vi. 领导;带领 1. leadership skills(领导才能)2. take leadership(担任领导;发挥领导作用) “leader(领导者)+ ship(抽象名词后缀,表‘能力/地位’)→领导才能” His excellent leadership helped the team overcome many difficulties.(他出色的领导才能帮助团队克服了许多困难。)
55 trace /tre s/ vt. 追溯;追踪;查出;n. 痕迹;遗迹;踪迹 traceable adj. 可追溯的;可追踪的 1. trace back to(追溯到……,如trace back to ancient times)2. leave a trace(留下痕迹) “trace=追溯;痕迹”,动词表“追查根源”,名词表“残留痕迹” This tradition can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty.(这个传统可追溯到唐朝。)
56 outstanding /a t st nd / adj. 优秀的;杰出的;明显的 无 1. outstanding student(优秀学生)2. outstanding achievements(杰出成就) “outstand(突出)+ ing→‘突出的’→优秀的,杰出的” She is an outstanding pianist who has won many international awards.(她是一位杰出的钢琴家,赢得了许多国际奖项。)
57 gifted / ɡ ft d/ adj. 有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的;come down with 患(病);染上(小病) gift n. 天赋;礼物;vt. 赋予(天赋) 1. gifted in(在……方面有天赋,如gifted in music)2. come down with a cold/fever(感冒/发烧) “gift(天赋)+ ed→有天赋的”;“come down with=生病,后接疾病名称” He is gifted in painting and has held several personal exhibitions.(他在绘画方面有天赋,已举办过多次个人画展。);She came down with a fever and had to stay home.(她发烧了,不得不待在家里。)
58 abstract / bstr kt/ adj. 抽象的;理论上的;n.(文献等的)摘要 abstract vt. 提取;抽象化(高中少见) 1. abstract concept(抽象概念,如“正义”“自由”)2. abstract of a paper(论文摘要) “形容词和名词重音均在前/ bstr kt/”,区别于“具体的(concrete)” Abstract art is often difficult for children to understand.(抽象艺术通常让儿童难以理解。)
59 steady / stedi/ adj. 稳定的;平稳的;稳步的 steadily adv. 稳定地;平稳地;持续地 1. steady growth(稳定增长)2. steady job(稳定的工作) “steady=稳定的”,强调“不波动、持续发展” The company has maintained steady profits for five consecutive years.(该公司已连续五年保持稳定盈利。)
60 concept / k nsept/ n. 概念;观念 conceptual adj. 概念的;观念的 1. basic concept(基本概念)2. new concept(新概念) “concept=概念”,指“对事物的抽象理解” It's important for students to master basic mathematical concepts.(学生掌握基本的数学概念很重要。)
61 astronomer / str n m (r)/ n. 天文学家;astronomy / str n mi/ n. 天文学 astronomical adj. 天文学的;极大的 1. famous astronomer(著名天文学家,如Copernicus)2. study astronomy(学习天文学) “astronomy(天文学)+ er(表‘人’后缀)→天文学家” Nicolaus Copernicus was a great astronomer who proposed the heliocentric theory.(尼古拉·哥白尼是提出日心说的伟大天文学家。)
62 telescope / tel sk p/ n. 望远镜 telescopic adj. 望远镜的;远视的;能伸缩的 1. astronomical telescope(天文望远镜)2. look through a telescope(通过望远镜观察) 拆分:tele-(遥远的)+ scope(观察仪器)→“观察遥远物体的仪器” He likes to look at the stars through his telescope at night.(他喜欢晚上用望远镜观察星星。)
63 besides /b sa dz/ prep. 除……之外(还);adv. 而且;此外 无 1. besides sth./sb.(除……之外还有,包含后者)2. 区别于except(除……之外没有,排除后者) “besides=除……之外还有”,后接名词/代词/动名词 Besides English, she can also speak French and Japanese fluently.(除了英语,她还能流利地说法语和日语。)
64 brilliant / br li nt/ adj. 聪颖的;绝妙的;明亮的 brilliantly adv. 出色地;绝妙地;明亮地 1. brilliant idea(绝妙的主意)2. brilliant student(聪颖的学生) “brilliant=聪颖的;绝妙的”,程度强于“good” She came up with a brilliant plan to solve the difficult problem.(她想出了一个绝妙的计划来解决这个难题。)
65 furthermore / f m (r)/ adv. 此外;再者;above all 最重要的是;尤其是 无 1. furthermore(表递进,比besides更正式)2. above all(表强调,用于列举中的重点) “furthermore=此外”;“above all=最重要的是” The house is large and comfortable; furthermore, it's in a good location.(这房子大而舒适,此外,位置也很好。);We need to be kind, honest, and above all, responsible.(我们要善良、诚实,最重要的是要有责任心。)
66 fault /f lt/ n. 弱点;过错 1. faulty adj. 有故障的;有错误的2. faultless adj. 无错的;完美的(反义词) 1. find fault with(挑剔;找茬)2. it's one's fault(是某人的错) “fault=过错;弱点”,指“个人的失误或事物的缺陷” It's not his fault that the project failed—we all made mistakes.(项目失败不是他的错,我们都有责任。)
67 shift / ft/ n. 改变;转换;轮班;vi. & vt. 转移;挪动;转向 无 1. shift from A to B(从A转向B,如shift from theory to practice)2. shift work(轮班工作) “shift=改变;轮班”,可指“抽象的观念转变”或“具体的轮班” The company decided to shift its focus from manufacturing to service.(该公司决定将重心从制造业转向服务业。)
68 vivid / v v d/ adj. 生动的;鲜明的;丰富的 vividly adv. 生动地;鲜明地 1. vivid memory(清晰的记忆)2. vivid description(生动的描述) “vivid=生动的”,强调“画面感强、印象深刻” Her vivid description of the trip made us feel like we were there.(她对旅行的生动描述让我们仿佛身临其境。)
69 Queen Victoria /v k t ri / 维多利亚女王(英国女王) 无 专有名词,指“1837-1901年在位的英国女王,统治时期为‘维多利亚时代’” “Queen Victoria=英国维多利亚女王” Queen Victoria's reign was one of the longest in British history.(维多利亚女王的统治是英国历史上持续时间最长的时期之一。)
70 Cambridge / ke mbr d / 剑桥(英国城市) 无 1. Cambridge University(剑桥大学,世界顶尖高校)2. 英国英格兰东部城市,以教育和科研闻名 “Cambridge=剑桥,英国城市,有剑桥大学” He studied physics at Cambridge University in the 1980s.(他20世纪80年代在剑桥大学学习物理学。)
71 non-Newtonian fluid / n n nju t ni n flu d/ 非牛顿流体 无 专有名词,物理概念,指“黏度不随剪切速率变化的流体(如玉米淀粉糊)” 拆分:non-(非)+ Newtonian(牛顿的)+ fluid(流体)→非牛顿流体 A mixture of cornstarch and water is a typical non-Newtonian fluid.(玉米淀粉和水的混合物是典型的非牛顿流体。)
72 the Jet Propulsion /pr p l n/ Laboratory 喷气推进实验室(美国) 无 专有名词,简称JPL,美国NASA下属机构,专注于航天探测器研发 “Jet Propulsion Laboratory=JPL,美国航空航天机构” The Jet Propulsion Laboratory developed the Mars rover Perseverance.(喷气推进实验室研发了“毅力号”火星车。)
73 Stephen Hawking / sti v n h k / 史蒂芬·霍金(英国物理学家) 无 专有名词,英国物理学家,研究黑洞和宇宙论,著有《时间简史》 “Stephen Hawking=英国物理学家,黑洞研究权威” Stephen Hawking was a famous physicist who made important contributions to the study of black holes.(史蒂芬·霍金是著名物理学家,对黑洞研究做出了重要贡献。)
74 the big bang theory 大爆炸宇宙论 无 专有名词,宇宙起源理论,认为宇宙由一次“大爆炸”产生并膨胀 “big bang theory=大爆炸宇宙论,宇宙起源主流理论” Most scientists accept the big bang theory as the explanation for the origin of the universe.(大多数科学家认同大爆炸宇宙论是宇宙起源的解释。)
75 Fred Hoyle / fred h l/ 弗雷德·霍伊尔(英国天文学家) 无 专有名词,英国天文学家,提出“稳态宇宙论”,与大爆炸理论对立 “Fred Hoyle=英国天文学家,稳态宇宙论提出者” Fred Hoyle was a British astronomer who proposed the steady state theory of the universe.(弗雷德·霍伊尔是提出宇宙稳态理论的英国天文学家。)