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新人教版必修第一册 Unit 3知识清单
重 点 单 词 1.pretend vi.&vt. 假装;装扮 2.event n. 比赛项目;大事;公开活动 3.sweat vt. 使出汗;出汗弄湿 vi. 出汗;流汗 n. 汗水;出汗 4.track n. 跑道;足迹;铁路轨道 vt.&vi. 追踪;跟踪 5.diet n. 规定饮食;日常饮食 vi. 节食 6.slim adj. 苗条的;单薄的→slimmer/slimmest(比较级/最高级) 7.jog vi.慢跑 n.慢跑→jogged/jogged/jogging (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 8.cheat vi. 作弊;舞弊 vt. 欺骗;蒙骗 n. 欺骗手段;骗子 9.athlete n. 运动员;运动健儿 10.master n. 高手;主人 vt. 精通;掌握 11.medal n. 奖章;勋章 12.million num. 一百万 13.error n. 错误;差错 14.rather adv. 相当;有点儿 15.ski adj. 滑雪的 vi. 滑雪 16.legend n. 传奇故事(或人物);传说 17.push up n. 俯卧撑 18.stadium n. 体育场;运动场 19.boxing n. 拳击(运动) 20.badminton n. 羽毛球运动 21.marathon n. 马拉松赛跑 22.soccer n. 足球;足球运动 23.gym n. 健身房;体育馆 24.gymnastics n. 体操(训练) 25.captain n. (运动队)队长;船长;机长 26.audience n. 观众;听众
词 汇 拓 展 1.fitness n. 健康;健壮;适合→fit adj. 健康的;合适的 2.compete vi. 竞争;对抗→competition n. 竞争;比赛→competitor n. 竞争者→competitive adj. 有竞争性的 3.determination n. 决心;决定→determine vt. 决定;确定→determined adj. 坚决的 4.strength n. 力量;体力→strong adj. 坚强的;强壮的→strongly adv. 强烈地;强大地→strengthen vt. 加强 5.positive adj. 积极的;正面的;乐观的;肯定的→positively adv. 积极地;乐观地;肯定地 6.stress n. 压力;紧张;重音 vt. 强调;重读;使焦虑不安 vi. 焦虑不安→stressed adj. 焦虑的→stressful adj. 有压力的 7.honour n. 荣誉;尊敬;荣幸→honoured adj. 光荣的;荣幸的;受到尊敬的 8.injure vt. 使受伤;损害→injured adj. 受伤的;有伤的→injury n. 伤害;损伤 9.failure n. 失败;失败的人(或事物)→fail vt.&vi.失败;不及格;衰退 10.graceful adj. 优美的;优雅的→gracefully adv. 优雅地 11.championship n. 锦标赛;冠军赛;冠军称号→champion n. 冠军;优胜者 12.host vt. 主办;主持 n. 主人;东道主;节目主持人→hostess n. 女主人;女主持人 13.glory n. 荣誉;光荣;赞美→glorious adj.光荣的
重 点 短 语 1．come along跟随；到达；进步；赶快 2．work out锻炼；计算出；解决 3．make it获得成功；准时到达 4．set an example树立榜样 5．fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃 6．lose heart丧失信心；泄气 7．give up放弃；投降 8．make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚 9．pretend to do sth.假装做某事 10．even if/though即使；虽然 11．make a difference有作用或影响 12．rather than而不是 13．cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下 14．now and then有时；偶尔 15．compare...with/to...与……比较
重 点 句 型 1．They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others. 他们必须是他们(各自的)运动领域的高手，而且为其他人树立了很好的榜样。 2．Losing two important players was a big challenge，but Lang Ping did not lose heart. 失去两位重要的运动员是一个巨大的挑战，但郎平并没有灰心。 3．The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996. 他在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。 4．Instead of saying “I want to lose three kilos”，I would say “I want to run two kilometres in eight minutes” or “I want to be able to do 30 push-ups”． 我不再说“我想减掉3千克”，而是说“我想在8分钟内跑2千米”或“我希望能坐30个俯卧撑”。 5．By being positive about myself and my body，I became both happier and healthier. 通过积极看待自我和自己的身体，我变得更快乐、更健康了
课文语法填空
There are many famous athletes at home and abroad. One of them is Lang Ping. As 1 coach, she led the China women’s volleyball team to medals at world championships and the Olympics. When 2 ( prepare) the Chinese team for the 2015 World Cup, she was tested by her determination. One of the best players got injured, and the team captain left because of heart 3 (problem). Losing two important players didn’t get Lang Ping 4 (lose) heart. She believed that her young players could win if they worked together as a team. And they 5 (real) made it. Two weeks later, they were world champions! Another famous player is Michael Jordan. 6 ( know) as “Air Jordan”, he changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps. His skills were impressive. But the mental strength that he showed made him unique. It seemed 7 in the final seconds of a game, Jordan could always find a way to win. When asked his secret 8 success, he said it was learning from his failures. Losing games taught him to practise even 9 (hard) and never give up. In life, Jordan has learnt to share his success with others. The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago 10 ( help) young people since 1996.
【答案】
1．a 2．preparing 3．problems 4．to lose 5．really 6．Known 7．that 8．to 9．harder 10．has been helping
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了两位杰出运动员——郎平和迈克尔·乔丹，说明了运动员在面对困难时的毅力、团队合作的重要性，以及成功人士回馈社会的责任感。
1．考查冠词。句意：作为教练，她带领中国女排在世界锦标赛和奥运会上获得奖牌。此处表示泛指，意为“一个”，故填a。
2．考查时间状语从句。句意：在为中国队备战2015年世界杯时，她的决心受到了考验。此处为时间状语从句的省略，省略了she was,故填preparing。
3．考查名词复数。句意：最好的球员之一受伤了，队长因为听力问题离开了。problem是可数名词，此处是泛指，应用复数形式，故填problems。
4．考查不定式。句意：失去两名重要球员并没有让郎平灰心丧气。get sb to do sth为固定短语，表示“让某人做某事”，故填to lose。
5．考查副词。句意：还有他们，真的成功了。此处应用副词修饰后面的动词made做状语，故填really。
6．考查过去分词。句意：他被称为“Air Jordan”，用他优雅的动作和跳跃改变了篮球。he与know构成被动关系，因此用过去分词做状语，故填Known。
7．考查表语从句。句意：似乎在比赛的最后几秒钟，乔丹总能找到获胜的方法。根据空前seemed可知，此处为表语从句，从句中不缺成分，应用that做连接词，故填that
8．考查介词。句意：当被问及成功的秘诀时，他说是从失败中吸取教训。secret后面跟介词to，表示“……的秘诀”，故填to。
9．考查比较级。句意：输掉的比赛教会了他更加努力地练习，永不放弃。此处应用副词修饰动词practise做状语；且根据前面的even可知，应用副词的比较级形式，故填harder。
10．考查现在完成进行时。句意：自1996年以来，他在芝加哥创办的Boys and Girls俱乐部一直在帮助年轻人。根据后面的since 1996可知，主句用现在完成时，且此处强调动作一直在进行，空处应为现在完成进行时，故填has been helping。
知识点
1.honour n.荣誉;尊敬;荣幸
【教材原句】 As a player,Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country.(P38) 作为一名运动员,郎平为她的国家带来了荣誉和荣耀。
【词块必记】
(1)honour sb with sth 某事使某人感到荣幸;授予某人荣誉
(2)in honour of sb (=in sb’s honour) 向某人表示敬意;为纪念某人
it is an honour(for sb)to do... (对某人来说)做……是一种荣幸
have the honour of(doing) sth 得到……殊荣;有幸(做)……
(3)honoured adj. 感到荣幸的
be/feel honoured(to do sth) (因做某事)感到荣幸
【名师点津】
honour表示“荣誉;尊敬”时是不可数名词,表示“使人感到光荣的事或人” 或“荣幸” 时是可数名词。
【佳句背诵】
Last but not least,I feel it an honour to represent my class to take part in the group dancing competition.
最后但同样重要的一点,我觉得代表我班参加小组跳舞比赛非常荣幸。
【即时练】
一、单句语法填空
(1)I feel ______ (honour) to be invited to the opening ceremony of the museum.
(2)It’s my great honour ________ (announce) that I am running for chairman of the Students’ Union.
(3)The city named a square in honour________the famous scientist who contributed to environmental protection.
(4)They honoured him _______ a retrospective exhibition in 1987.
二、完成句子
(5)非常荣幸代表我们班写信邀请您参加这次聚会。
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ to write to invite you to attend the gathering on behalf of our class.
（6）能有机会在这里发表演讲，我感到非常荣幸。
1）__________________________ the opportunity to deliver a speech here.(it作形式主语)
2）_________________________ the opportunity to deliver a speech here.(honoured)
（7）With the Dragon Boat Festival approaching, we are planning to hold a dragon boat race _______________________ the famous poet, Qu Yuan,who _________________being patriotic.
随着端午节的临近，我们计划举行一场龙舟比赛，以纪念著名诗人屈原。 他因为爱国精神而受到尊敬。
翻译练习
作为交换生，我很荣幸能代表学校参加国际文化交流活动。
这座纪念碑是为了纪念在抗日战争中牺牲的烈士而建的。
答案: (1) honoured (2) to announce (3)of (4)with
It’s a great honour to ;
1) It is a great honour for me to have ; 2)I feel greatly honoured to have
in honor of/to honor ; is honored for
As an exchange student, I feel it an honour to represent my school in international cultural exchange activities.
This monument was built in honour of the martyrs who died in the Anti-Japanese War.
【高考真题链接】
2024 全国乙卷语法填空
The annual award ceremony _______(honour) scientists who have made significant breakthroughs in renewable energy research.
答案：honours；解析：考查主谓一致，主语为单数，用一般现在时第三人称单数形式。
2023 新高考 Ⅰ 卷完形填空
Winning the championship was not just about personal glory but also about bringing _______to the entire nation.
答案：honour；解析：考查固定搭配 “bring honour to”，意为 “为…… 带来荣誉”。
2.determination n. 决心;决定
【教材原句】When the Chinese team was preparing for the 2015 World Cup,her determination was tested.(P38) 当中国队正准备2015年世界杯时,她的决心受到了考验。
【词块必记】
(1)determine vt.使下决心 vi.决定;确定
determine to do sth决心做某事(表示动作)
determine sb to do sth使某人决定做某事
determine on/upon doing sth决心做某事
(2)determined adj.坚决的
be determined to do sth决心做某事(表示状态)
(3)with determination 坚决地
[联想积累] “决定做某事”表达还有：
①____________________________②___________________________
③ ____________________________④_____________________________
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)She determined _______ (work) twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.
(2)I have determined _______ working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.
(3)Her _______ (determine) to overcome difficulties always makes me inspired.
(4)She was a brave and _______ (determine) girl with rich imagination.
[句式升级]
(5)I’m determined to perform well in the final exam,so I’m occupied in preparing for it.
→_______ to perform well in the final exam,I’m occupied in preparing for it.(用分词作状语)
[写美]——句式升级
（6）I'm determined to perform well in Gaokao, so I'm occupied in study .
→__________________________________, I'm occupied in study.
(分词作状语)
答案: ①decide to do /decide on (doing)sth. ② make an decision to do sth.
③ make up one’s mind to do sth. ④ resolve to do sth.
单句语法：(1) to work （2） on/upon （3）determination （4）determined（5） Determined （6）Determined to perform well in Gaokao
【高考真题链接】
2025 全国甲卷阅读理解
The athlete’s ______ (determine) to win gold despite injuries was highlighted in the documentary.
（答案：determination；解析：考查名词作主语，体现 “决心” 的核心含义）
2024 浙江卷七选五
To succeed in challenging projects, one must have ______(determine) and adaptability.
（答案：determination；解析：与 “adaptability” 并列，考查名词词义辨析）
3. injure vt. 使受伤;损害
[教材原句] One of the best players had been injured,and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems.(P38) 最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了,而且队长也因心脏问题不得不离队。
【词块必记】
(1)injured adj.受伤的;有伤的
the injured伤员;伤者
(2)injury n.伤;伤口;伤害;损伤
do an injury to sb伤害某人
【即时练】
[完成句子]
(1)我第一次参加马拉松比赛前一个月,我的一个脚踝受伤了,这意味着我两周不能跑步。
A month before my first marathon,one of my ankles ______ _______ and this meant not running for two weeks.
(2)如果你发现有人受伤了,了解一些急救措施会有很大的帮助。
If you find someone ______ ,knowing some first aid can make a big difference.
(3)事故发生后,伤者被送往附近的几家医院。
After the accident,______ ______ were taken to several nearby hospitals.
(4)无可否认,那次事故对他造成了严重的伤害。
There’s no denying that the accident______ ______ ______ ______ ______ .
(5)The cyclist ______ ______ in a collision with a car and had to be rushed to hospital.
语法填空
(6)The______(injure) passengers were treated at the scene by emergency responders.
答案:(1)was injured (2) injured (3) the injured (4) did him a severe injury (5) was injured
injured；解析：形容词作定语，修饰 “passengers”
【高考真题链接】
2023 北京卷语法填空
Two workers______(injure) when the construction crane collapsed.
答案：were injured；解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。
2024 江苏卷完形填空
The doctor advised the______athlete to rest for at least two weeks.
答案：injured；解析：形容词作定语，修饰 “athlete”。
4.compete vi.(competed, competed, competing)竞争;对抗
[教材原句] An athlete should think about honour and his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country.(P41) 如果一个运动员是在为祖国而战,那么他/她应该考虑荣誉和他/她的粉丝。
【词块必记】
(1)compete v.竞争,对抗,参加比赛
compete in...参加……的比赛
compete with/against与……竞争
compete for...为……角逐
compete with/against sb. for sth. (为……)与……对抗/竞争
compete to do sth 竞争做某事
(2)competition n.竞争,比赛
in competition with与……竞争
(3)competitive adj.竞争的;有竞争力的
(4)competence n.能力;技能
(5)competitor n. 竞争者；对手
[联想积累] “参加”表达还有：
take part in; join in; participate in，get involved in,engage in
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)No one can entirely keep away from the ________(compete) world.
(2)Life is like a long race in which we compete ________others to go beyond ourselves.
(3)They are in ________ (compete) with each other for the prize.
(4)With which team did they compete ________ the gold medal
(5)Young professionals ________ (compete) fiercely for limited job opportunities in the tech industry.
(6)The team ________ (compete) in the international robotics competition and won first prize.
[完成句子]
(1)只有通过相互竞争,我们才能在学习上取得巨大进步。
Only by ________ ________ ________ ________ _______ can we make great progress in our study.
(2)只有通过不断学习，我们才能在全球化的职场中保持竞争力。
Only by continuous learning can we ________ ________ in the global workplace.
答案:单句语法填空：(1)competitive (2)with/against (3)competition (4) for (5)compete (6) competed
完成句子：(1)competing with/against each other ; competitive (2) stay competitive
【高考真题链接】
2025 新课标 Ⅱ 卷语法填空
Companies must ______ (compete) on quality and innovation to survive in the market.
答案：compete；解析：考查动词原形作谓语，与情态动词 “must” 搭配
2023 全国 Ⅰ 卷完形填空
The ______ nature of the tournament pushed participants to perform at their best.
答案：competitive；解析：形容词作定语，修饰 “nature”
5.pretend vi.& vt.假装;假扮
[教材原句] A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.(P41) 一个足球运动员不应该假摔,即使这能帮他/她的球队。
【词块必记】
pretend to be ＋n./adj. 假装是……
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事
pretend to have done sth. 假装已经做了某事
pretend that... 假装……
[联想积累] 类似pretend后接to do/to be doing/to have done的动词还有：
happen 碰巧；appear 看似；seem 似乎；claim 声称
【即时练】
单句语法填空
① She ____________ asleep when her parents entered the room.
② The actor ____________ his lines to create a humorous effect.
③He pretended ____________ (read) in the morning class when the class teacher came in.
[完成句子]
(1)他假装知道问题的答案。
He pretended_________ the answer to the question.
(2)爸爸进来时,那个女孩假装在看电视。
The girl pretended _____________ TV when her father came in.
(3)我进到弟弟的房间时,他假装睡着了。
My brother pretended _____________ asleep when I entered his room.
To be honest, if you __________________ what you don't know, you'll only make a fool of yourself.
说实话，不懂装懂就会自欺欺人。
答案: 单语语法填空：①pretended to be ②pretended to have forgotten ③to be reading
完成句子：(1) to know (2) to be watching (3)to have fallen ; pretend to know
【高考真题链接】
2024 全国乙卷短文改错
The child pretended ______ ______ (cry) when his toy was taken away.
答案：to cry；解析：考查 pretend to do sth 的用法
2023 上海卷语法填空
The suspect pretended ______ he was innocent during the interrogation.
答案：that；解析：引导宾语从句，用 “pretend that...” 结构
6.strength n．力量；体力
【词块必记】
(1)have the strength to do sth 有力量/意志做某事
build up one’s strength 增强某人的体力
strength(s) and weakness(es) 优势和劣势
with all one’s strength 尽全力
(2)strengthen vt.& vi. 加强；巩固；增强
[近义] force，power，energy，advantage
【即时练】
单句语法填空
① Regular exercise helps _________ (strength) muscles and improve cardiovascular health.
② The team’s _________ （strength） include creativity and effective communication.
翻译练习
为了增强免疫力，医生建议多吃富含维生素的食物。
答案：单句语法：（1）strengthen （2）strengths
翻译：To strengthen immunity, doctors recommend eating more vitamin-rich foods.
【高考真题链接】
2025 全国 Ⅱ 卷语法填空
The ______ of the hurricane caused widespread damage along the coast.
答案：strength；解析：名词作主语，考查词义辨析。
2023 浙江卷书面表达
Candidates should highlight their ______ and weaknesses in the personal statement.
答案：strengths；解析：名词复数形式，与 “weaknesses” 并列。
7.make sense有道理;合乎情理;表述清楚
[教材原句] That doesn’t make any sense!(P41)那没有任何意义!
【词块必记】
(1)make (no) sense of... (不)理解/明白……
It makes (no) sense to do sth. 做某事(没)有道理/意义
(2)in a sense 从某种意义上说
in no sense 决不(用在句首时，句子主谓部分倒装)
There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理/意义
【即时练】
[完成句子]
(1)不管你怎么解释这个句子,它都讲不通。
No matter how you explain the sentence,it doesn’t ______ ______.
(2)不管你怎么解释这个句子,我都不懂。
No matter how you explain the sentence,I don’t ______ ______ ______ it.
(3)为了取悦父母而在考试中作弊是没有意义的。
______ ______ ______ ______ cheating in the exam to satisfy your parents.
[单句语法填空/补全句子]
①Your cellphone has broken down again! It makes no sense _________ (buy) the cheapest cellphone just to save some dollars.
②There's no sense in ________ (draw) a conclusion without enough evidence.
③Talking with her ____________ (没有意义),as she never listens to others.
④You should lose heart in no sense; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.
→________________________； keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.(倒装句)
Furthermore, you'd better learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which can help you ________________the poems to be learned.
此外，你最好提前了解一下唐朝的历史，这可以帮助你理解要学的诗歌。
答案:完成句子：(1) make sense (2)make sense of (3)There is no sense
单句语法填空/补全句子：①to buy ②drawing ③makes no sense ④In no sense should you lose heart make sense of
【高考真题链接】
2024 全国甲卷阅读理解
The theory______ ______ when considering the latest research findings.
答案：makes sense；解析：考查短语在语境中的应用。
2023 新课标 Ⅰ 卷七选五
Organizing your workspace can ______ ______ ______chaos and boost productivity.
答案：make sense of；解析：考查短语 “make sense of”，意为 “理解”。
8.give up 放弃;投降
[教材原句] Losing games taught him to practise harder and never give up.(P38) 输掉比赛教会了他更加努力地练习,永不放弃。
【词块必记】
give back归还;恢复
give up (doing) sth放弃/停止(做)某事
give up sth to把……让给/交给……
give away泄露(机密);暴露;分发(奖品等);捐赠
give in屈服;让步
give in to屈服于;向……让步
give off发出(蒸汽、味道);发散(光线)
give out用完;用尽;分发;公布
[佳句背诵]
The teacher always reminds us,“On no condition can we give up our dreams.”
老师总是告诫我们:“我们决不能放弃我们的梦想。”
[联想记忆] give up同义词： quit; desert
【即时练】
[用give的相关短语填空]
(1)There were people at the entrance ______ ______ leaflets.
(2)The company ______ ______ free samples to promote its new product.
(3)Please______ ______ my notebook which was taken by mistake.
(4)Fireflies ______ ______ flashes of light when they fly at night.
(5)Despite setbacks, she refused to ______ ______ on her dream of becoming a pilot.
答案: (1)giving out (2)gave away (3)give back (4)give off (5) give up
【高考真题链接】
2025 全国 Ⅰ 卷完形填空
The team ______ ______ hope after losing three consecutive games.
答案：gave up；解析：考查短语在语境中的应用。
2023 北京卷语法填空
He ______ ______ to peer pressure and started smoking.
答案：gave in；解析：考查短语 “give in to”，意为 “屈服于”。
9.cut...out停止做(或使用、食用);剪下;删除
[教材原句] Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed,I added healthy foods to my meals.(P42) 我没有减少吃我喜欢的食物,而是在我的膳食中添加了健康的食物。
【词块必记】
cut down砍倒;削减,压缩
cut up切碎
cut off 中止；切断,停掉;(使)隔绝,挡住
cut in插嘴
cut through开辟(出路或通道)
cut across穿过某地(尤指抄近路)
cut into pieces切成碎片
【语境巧练】
[用cut的相关短语填空]
(1)He decided to ______ ______ the amount of fat because of his weight.
(2)It is bad manners to ______ ______ when people are speaking.
(3)I’d feel ______ ______ if I didn’t know what was happening in the world.
(4)With more and more forests ______ ______,large quantities of soil are being washed away.
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①I usually cut ________ the park on my way home so that I can arrive home early.
②You'd better quit smoking or at least cut ________ the amount of smoking.
③She kept cutting ________ on our conversation, which made us very angry.
④The doctor advised him to ________ sugary drinks to improve his health.
答案: 语境巧记： (1)cut out (2) cut in (3)cut off (4)cut down
即时练：①across ②down ③in ④cut out
【高考真题链接】
2024 全国乙卷完形填空
To save time, the teacher______ ______ the less important exercises.
答案：cut out；解析：考查短语 “cut out”，意为 “删除”。
2023 浙江卷语法填空
The company ______ ______ on expenses by reducing travel budgets.
答案：cut down；解析：考查短语 “cut down on”，意为 “削减”。
pare...with/to 与……比较
[教材原句] Finally,I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body.(P42)最后,我不再拿自己与女演员和模特做比较,也不再寻找我的脸或身体有什么问题。
【词块必记】
(1)comparison n.比较
make a comparison (with)(与……)作比较
in comparison with/to...和……相比
(2)
compare A with B 把A和B进行比较 A和B是同类事物 比较
compare A to B 把A比喻成B A和B是不同类事物 比喻
compared
with/to... 和……相比(作状语)
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
The teacher asked students to ______the two novels and discuss their themes.
Young people are compared ______ the sun at eight or nine in the morning.
______ (compare)with traditional methods, the new approach is more efficient.
Film has a much shorter history,especially when ______ (compare) to such art forms as music and painting.
[完成句子]
(5)在比较不同的文化时,我们往往只注意差异,而没有注意到许多相似之处。
When ______ ______ ______ ,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities.
答案: (1) compare (2) to (3) Compared (4) compared (5) comparing different cultures
【高考真题链接】
2025 新课标 Ⅰ 卷语法填空
______ the two proposals, the committee chose the one with higher feasibility.
答案：Comparing；解析：现在分词作状语，表示主动比较
2023 全国 Ⅱ 卷阅读理解
______ ______ last year, sales have increased by 20%.
答案：Compared to；解析：过去分词作状语，表示被动比较
11.句型公式：Sb./Sth. seems/seemed＋不定式，表示“看来……；好像……”
(教材原句)In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always seemed to find a way to win.
在一场比赛的最后几秒钟，乔丹似乎总能找到获胜的方法。
【词块必记】
(1)Sb./Sth. seems/seemed＋不定式＝It seems/seemed that... 看来……；好像……
(2)It seems ＋形容词/副词＋ to do sth. 看起来……
It seems as if/as though... 看起来好像……
There seems (to be)... 看起来……
[佳句]
①It seems that Mary has changed a lot since she went to university.＝Mary seems to have changed a lot since she went to university.自从上大学以来，玛丽似乎改变了很多。
②Look at the dark clouds in the sky! It seems as if it is going to rain.看天上乌云密布！ 看来要下雨了。
【即时练】
单句语法填空/补全句子
①It seems difficult ________ (learn) so many new words by heart in a short time.
②_____________________(看起来有希望) that business will get better.
③ The project _____________________ (seem) progressing smoothly despite challenges.
④ It _____________________(seem ) everyone was satisfied with the final decision.
答案: ①to learn ②There seems to be hope ③ seems to be ④ seemed that
【高考真题链接】
2024 全国甲卷语法填空
The old man seemed______ ______ where he had parked his car.
答案：to forget；解析：考查不定式作表语
2023 浙江卷书面表达
It seems ______ ______ the weather will improve in the afternoon.
答案：as if；解析：考查 “seem as if” 结构
12.even if/though即使;虽然,引导让步状语从句
[教材原句]I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible.(P42) 我一直想让自己看起来像电视上的苗条女孩那样,尽管我知道那是不可能的。
【考点必记】
(1)在even if/though引导的让步状语从句中,如果主句、从句都表示将来的动作,从句中要用一般现在时来表示将来时。
(2)在even if/ though引导的让步状语从句中,如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致,且从句中有be动词时,可以把从句的主语和be动词省略。
[易混辨析]
短语 含义 用法
even if=even though 即使;尽管 引导让步状语从句
as if=as though 仿佛;好像 引导方式状语从句
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)He came to say goodbye to me ______ ______ it was raining heavily.
(2)I will go to the beach even if/though it______ (rain) tomorrow.
(3)The man is so strange that he never speaks—even if______ (ask) to.
(4)Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind ______ ______ they had just happened.
(5) ______ ______ it rains, the outdoor concert will proceed as scheduled.
(6)The team continued training ______ ______ they were exhausted.
答案:(1)even if/though (2)rains (3)asked (4) as if (5)Even if (6)even though
【高考真题链接】
2025 全国 Ⅱ 卷语法填空
______ ______ he was tired, he stayed up late to finish the report.
答案：Even though；解析：引导让步状语从句.
2023 新课标 Ⅱ 卷阅读理解
______ ______ you’re not a professional, you can enjoy painting as a hobby.
答案：Even if；解析：引导让步状语从句，表示假设.
语法点
Grammar 反意疑问句
反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。 反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分用否定式；反之，前一部分为否定式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯后否，前否后肯”。
(一)简单句中的反义疑问句
1．当陈述部分是“there be＋主语＋其他”结构时，反意疑问部分要用“be (not)＋there”结构。
There are some bananas in the basket, aren't_there 篮子里有一些香蕉，是吗？
2．当陈述句部分有情态动词must时，反意疑问部分有三种情况
(1)must表示“必须，禁止”时，反意疑问部分要用must (mustn't)．
You mustn't stop your car here, must_you 你不能把车停在这里，明白吗？
(2)must表示“有必要”时，反意疑问句部分要用needn't.
They must finish the work today, needn't_they 他们今天必须完成这项工作，是吗？
(3)当must用来表示对现在的情况进行“推测”时，反意疑问部分要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。
He must be good at maths, isn't_he 他数学一定学得很好，是吗？
3．当陈述部分是everyone/everybody, someone/somebody, no one/nobody, none等表示人的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语多用they，但也可用he；当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, something, nothing等表示物的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语用it。
Nobody came when I was out, did_they 我在外时，没人来过，是吗？
Everything has gone wrong today, hasn't_it 今天所有事情都出问题了，是吗？
4．当陈述部分有hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。
名师点津 如果陈述句部分是带有否定前缀或后缀时，反意疑问句部分仍用否定结构。
It's impossible for him to make such a mistake, isn't_it 他不可能犯这样的错误，是吗？
5．当陈述部分有情态动词ought to时，反意疑问句部分要用ought/should (oughtn't/shouldn't)；如陈述部分为情态动词used to，反意疑问部分可用usedn't或didn't；如陈述部分为had better，反意疑问部分用hadn't或shouldn't。
Such things ought not to be allowed, ought_they 这种事是不允许的，是吗？
You'd better do it by yourself, hadn't/shouldn't_you 你最好自己做，好吗？
6．当陈述句部分是I am ... 时，反意疑问句部分通常要用aren't I；如陈述句部分的主语是I am not时，反意疑问句部分通常要用am I。
I'm late for the meeting, aren't_I 我开会迟到了，是吗？
I'm not doing well, am_I 我做得不好，是吗？
(二)祈使句和感叹句中的反意疑问句
1．Let开头的祈使句，构成反意疑问句时，除Let's用shall we构成反意疑问句外，其他均用will you.
Let the boy go first, will_you 让这个男孩先走，可以吗？
Let's take a walk after supper, shall_we 我们晚饭后散步吧，好不好？
2．祈使句的肯定形式，其反意疑问句表示“请求”时，通常用will you；表示“邀请，劝说”时，用won't you。
Be sure to write to us, will_you 一定要给我们写信，好吗？
Come to have dinner with us this evening, won't_you 今晚来和我们吃晚饭，好吗？
3．祈使句的否定形式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you构成。
Don't smoke in the meeting room, will_you 不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？
4．变异祈使句，即句首为一呼语，后接第二人称代词引导的一个一般现在时的陈述句，这时，我们应将其视为无主语的祈使句结构，反意疑问句部分要用will you构成。
Mike, you take all these tables out of the next room, will_you 迈克，你把所有的这些桌子搬出隔壁房间，好吗？
5．感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定式，并用be的一般现在时形式。
What a foolish child (he is), isn't_he 他是多么无知的一个孩子呀，是吗？
(三)并列句中的反意疑问句
当陈述句是由并列连词and, but, or, for, so等连接的两个并列分句组成时，反意疑问句部分一般与最接近的分句保持一致，也就是说，对后一分句进行反问。
He was a lazy child, and he didn't pass the exam, did_he 他很懒，没有通过考试，是吗？
(四)复合句结构中的反意疑问句
1．在宾语从句中，如果陈述句部分是“I think (believe, suppose, imagine, expect等)＋宾语从句”， 反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致，并要注意否定转移。
I don't think you have heard of him before, have_you 我认为你之前没有听说过他，是吗？
名师点津 当think等这些动词的主语不是第一人称，或主语是第一人称，而动词时态不是一般现在时，这时，反意疑问句的助动词和人称代词要与主句保持一致。
Mary thinks you will come to the party, doesn't_she 玛丽认为你会来参加派对，是吗？
2．一般情况下，陈述句部分是主从复合句时，反意疑问句部分的代词和助动词应与主句中的主语和动词保持一致。
This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isn't_it 这是他第二次来到日本，是吗？
当陈述句部分为主语从句时，反意疑问句的主语用it。
That he didn't pass the entrance exam made his parents very angry, didn't_it
他没有通过入学考试，这使得他父母很生气，是吗？
对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。
—He likes playing football, doesn't he
—Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.
——他喜欢踢球，不是吗？
——不，他喜欢。/是的，他不喜欢。
—His sister didn't attend the meeting, did she
—Yes, she did./No, she didn't.
——他妹妹未出席会议，是吗？
——不，她去了。/是的，她没去。
完成下列附加疑问句。
1. Kurt listened patiently, but then he finally smiled and said, “You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you ” “____________________, I admitted.
2. Let’s meet in the Red Lion bar to have a little nice talk, ____________________
3. She had owned that business for 15 years, ____________________
4. As far as I know, life must be pretty tough for his family now, ____________________
5. Guess what My mother’s decided to go back to school, ____________________
6. So she doesn’t want to study art now, ____________________
7. She needs to find something interesting to do, ____________________
8. He used to tell you that readers were leaders, ____________________
9. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ____________________
10. If you want help — money or anything, let me know, ____________________
11. Brian told you there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time, ____________________
12. The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, ____________________
13. Don’t smoke in the meeting room, ____________________
14. His wife had the front door painted green yesterday, ____________________
15. If you had come yesterday, you might have seen him, ____________________
16. When the teacher speaks, we have to keep quiet, ____________________
17. He never told us why he was late, ____________________
18. I want to do nothing, because there is little point in doing anything about it, ____________________
19. She told me that she had finished the task, ____________________
20. You don’t think we can speak English, ____________________
21. I don’t think he is right, ____________________
1 No 2 shall we 3 hadn’t she 4 isn’t it 5 hasn’t she
6 does she 7 doesn’t she 8 usedn’t he/ didn’t he 9 shall we 10 will you
11 didn’t he 12 didn’t it 13 will you 14 didn’t she 15 mightn’t you
16 don’t we 17 did he 18 is there 19 didn’t she 20 do you
21 is he
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
新人教版必修第一册 Unit 3知识清单
重 点 单 词 1.pretend vi.&vt. 假装;装扮 2.event n. 比赛项目;大事;公开活动 3.sweat vt. 使出汗;出汗弄湿 vi. 出汗;流汗 n. 汗水;出汗 4.track n. 跑道;足迹;铁路轨道 vt.&vi. 追踪;跟踪 5.diet n. 规定饮食;日常饮食 vi. 节食 6.slim adj. 苗条的;单薄的→slimmer/slimmest(比较级/最高级) 7.jog vi.慢跑 n.慢跑→jogged/jogged/jogging (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 8.cheat vi. 作弊;舞弊 vt. 欺骗;蒙骗 n. 欺骗手段;骗子 9.athlete n. 运动员;运动健儿 10.master n. 高手;主人 vt. 精通;掌握 11.medal n. 奖章;勋章 12.million num. 一百万 13.error n. 错误;差错 14.rather adv. 相当;有点儿 15.ski adj. 滑雪的 vi. 滑雪 16.legend n. 传奇故事(或人物);传说 17.push up n. 俯卧撑 18.stadium n. 体育场;运动场 19.boxing n. 拳击(运动) 20.badminton n. 羽毛球运动 21.marathon n. 马拉松赛跑 22.soccer n. 足球;足球运动 23.gym n. 健身房;体育馆 24.gymnastics n. 体操(训练) 25.captain n. (运动队)队长;船长;机长 26.audience n. 观众;听众
词 汇 拓 展 1.fitness n. 健康;健壮;适合→fit adj. 健康的;合适的 2.compete vi. 竞争;对抗→competition n. 竞争;比赛→competitor n. 竞争者→competitive adj. 有竞争性的 3.determination n. 决心;决定→determine vt. 决定;确定→determined adj. 坚决的 4.strength n. 力量;体力→strong adj. 坚强的;强壮的→strongly adv. 强烈地;强大地→strengthen vt. 加强 5.positive adj. 积极的;正面的;乐观的;肯定的→positively adv. 积极地;乐观地;肯定地 6.stress n. 压力;紧张;重音 vt. 强调;重读;使焦虑不安 vi. 焦虑不安→stressed adj. 焦虑的→stressful adj. 有压力的 7.honour n. 荣誉;尊敬;荣幸→honoured adj. 光荣的;荣幸的;受到尊敬的 8.injure vt. 使受伤;损害→injured adj. 受伤的;有伤的→injury n. 伤害;损伤 9.failure n. 失败;失败的人(或事物)→fail vt.&vi.失败;不及格;衰退 10.graceful adj. 优美的;优雅的→gracefully adv. 优雅地 11.championship n. 锦标赛;冠军赛;冠军称号→champion n. 冠军;优胜者 12.host vt. 主办;主持 n. 主人;东道主;节目主持人→hostess n. 女主人;女主持人 13.glory n. 荣誉;光荣;赞美→glorious adj.光荣的
重 点 短 语 1．come along跟随；到达；进步；赶快 2．work out锻炼；计算出；解决 3．make it获得成功；准时到达 4．set an example树立榜样 5．fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃 6．lose heart丧失信心；泄气 7．give up放弃；投降 8．make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚 9．pretend to do sth.假装做某事 10．even if/though即使；虽然 11．make a difference有作用或影响 12．rather than而不是 13．cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下 14．now and then有时；偶尔 15．compare...with/to...与……比较
重 点 句 型 1．They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others. 他们必须是他们(各自的)运动领域的高手，而且为其他人树立了很好的榜样。 2．Losing two important players was a big challenge，but Lang Ping did not lose heart. 失去两位重要的运动员是一个巨大的挑战，但郎平并没有灰心。 3．The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996. 他在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。 4．Instead of saying “I want to lose three kilos”，I would say “I want to run two kilometres in eight minutes” or “I want to be able to do 30 push-ups”． 我不再说“我想减掉3千克”，而是说“我想在8分钟内跑2千米”或“我希望能坐30个俯卧撑”。 5．By being positive about myself and my body，I became both happier and healthier. 通过积极看待自我和自己的身体，我变得更快乐、更健康了
课文语法填空
There are many famous athletes at home and abroad. One of them is Lang Ping. As 1 coach, she led the China women’s volleyball team to medals at world championships and the Olympics. When 2 ( prepare) the Chinese team for the 2015 World Cup, she was tested by her determination. One of the best players got injured, and the team captain left because of heart 3 (problem). Losing two important players didn’t get Lang Ping 4 (lose) heart. She believed that her young players could win if they worked together as a team. And they 5 (real) made it. Two weeks later, they were world champions! Another famous player is Michael Jordan. 6 ( know) as “Air Jordan”, he changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps. His skills were impressive. But the mental strength that he showed made him unique. It seemed 7 in the final seconds of a game, Jordan could always find a way to win. When asked his secret 8 success, he said it was learning from his failures. Losing games taught him to practise even 9 (hard) and never give up. In life, Jordan has learnt to share his success with others. The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago 10 ( help) young people since 1996.
知识点
1.honour n.荣誉;尊敬;荣幸
【教材原句】 As a player,Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country.(P38) 作为一名运动员,郎平为她的国家带来了荣誉和荣耀。
【词块必记】
(1)honour sb with sth 某事使某人感到荣幸;授予某人荣誉
(2)in honour of sb (=in sb’s honour) 向某人表示敬意;为纪念某人
it is an honour(for sb)to do... (对某人来说)做……是一种荣幸
have the honour of(doing) sth 得到……殊荣;有幸(做)……
(3)honoured adj. 感到荣幸的
be/feel honoured(to do sth) (因做某事)感到荣幸
【名师点津】
honour表示“荣誉;尊敬”时是不可数名词,表示“使人感到光荣的事或人” 或“荣幸” 时是可数名词。
【佳句背诵】
Last but not least,I feel it an honour to represent my class to take part in the group dancing competition.
最后但同样重要的一点,我觉得代表我班参加小组跳舞比赛非常荣幸。
【即时练】
一、单句语法填空
(1)I feel ______ (honour) to be invited to the opening ceremony of the museum.
(2)It’s my great honour ________ (announce) that I am running for chairman of the Students’ Union.
(3)The city named a square in honour________the famous scientist who contributed to environmental protection.
(4)They honoured him _______ a retrospective exhibition in 1987.
二、完成句子
(5)非常荣幸代表我们班写信邀请您参加这次聚会。
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ to write to invite you to attend the gathering on behalf of our class.
（6）能有机会在这里发表演讲，我感到非常荣幸。
1）__________________________ the opportunity to deliver a speech here.(it作形式主语)
2）_________________________ the opportunity to deliver a speech here.(honoured)
（7）With the Dragon Boat Festival approaching, we are planning to hold a dragon boat race _______________________ the famous poet, Qu Yuan,who _________________being patriotic.
随着端午节的临近，我们计划举行一场龙舟比赛，以纪念著名诗人屈原。 他因为爱国精神而受到尊敬。
翻译练习
作为交换生，我很荣幸能代表学校参加国际文化交流活动。
这座纪念碑是为了纪念在抗日战争中牺牲的烈士而建的。
【高考真题链接】
2024 全国乙卷语法填空
The annual award ceremony _______(honour) scientists who have made significant breakthroughs in renewable energy research.
2023 新高考 Ⅰ 卷完形填空
Winning the championship was not just about personal glory but also about bringing _______to the entire nation.
2.determination n. 决心;决定
【教材原句】When the Chinese team was preparing for the 2015 World Cup,her determination was tested.(P38) 当中国队正准备2015年世界杯时,她的决心受到了考验。
【词块必记】
(1)determine vt.使下决心 vi.决定;确定
determine to do sth决心做某事(表示动作)
determine sb to do sth使某人决定做某事
determine on/upon doing sth决心做某事
(2)determined adj.坚决的
be determined to do sth决心做某事(表示状态)
(3)with determination 坚决地
[联想积累] “决定做某事”表达还有：
①____________________________②___________________________
③ ____________________________④_____________________________
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)She determined _______ (work) twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.
(2)I have determined _______ working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.
(3)Her _______ (determine) to overcome difficulties always makes me inspired.
(4)She was a brave and _______ (determine) girl with rich imagination.
[句式升级]
(5)I’m determined to perform well in the final exam,so I’m occupied in preparing for it.
→_______ to perform well in the final exam,I’m occupied in preparing for it.(用分词作状语)
[写美]——句式升级
（6）I'm determined to perform well in Gaokao, so I'm occupied in study .
→__________________________________, I'm occupied in study.
(分词作状语)
【高考真题链接】
2025 全国甲卷阅读理解
The athlete’s ______ (determine) to win gold despite injuries was highlighted in the documentary.
2024 浙江卷七选五
To succeed in challenging projects, one must have ______(determine) and adaptability.
3. injure vt. 使受伤;损害
[教材原句] One of the best players had been injured,and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems.(P38) 最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了,而且队长也因心脏问题不得不离队。
【词块必记】
(1)injured adj.受伤的;有伤的
the injured伤员;伤者
(2)injury n.伤;伤口;伤害;损伤
do an injury to sb伤害某人
【即时练】
[完成句子]
(1)我第一次参加马拉松比赛前一个月,我的一个脚踝受伤了,这意味着我两周不能跑步。
A month before my first marathon,one of my ankles ______ _______ and this meant not running for two weeks.
(2)如果你发现有人受伤了,了解一些急救措施会有很大的帮助。
If you find someone ______ ,knowing some first aid can make a big difference.
(3)事故发生后,伤者被送往附近的几家医院。
After the accident,______ ______ were taken to several nearby hospitals.
(4)无可否认,那次事故对他造成了严重的伤害。
There’s no denying that the accident______ ______ ______ ______ ______ .
(5)The cyclist ______ ______ in a collision with a car and had to be rushed to hospital.
语法填空
(6)The______(injure) passengers were treated at the scene by emergency responders.
【高考真题链接】
2023 北京卷语法填空
Two workers______(injure) when the construction crane collapsed.
2024 江苏卷完形填空
The doctor advised the______athlete to rest for at least two weeks.
4.compete vi.(competed, competed, competing)竞争;对抗
[教材原句] An athlete should think about honour and his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country.(P41) 如果一个运动员是在为祖国而战,那么他/她应该考虑荣誉和他/她的粉丝。
【词块必记】
(1)compete v.竞争,对抗,参加比赛
compete in...参加……的比赛
compete with/against与……竞争
compete for...为……角逐
compete with/against sb. for sth. (为……)与……对抗/竞争
compete to do sth 竞争做某事
(2)competition n.竞争,比赛
in competition with与……竞争
(3)competitive adj.竞争的;有竞争力的
(4)competence n.能力;技能
(5)competitor n. 竞争者；对手
[联想积累] “参加”表达还有：
take part in; join in; participate in，get involved in,engage in
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)No one can entirely keep away from the ________(compete) world.
(2)Life is like a long race in which we compete ________others to go beyond ourselves.
(3)They are in ________ (compete) with each other for the prize.
(4)With which team did they compete ________ the gold medal
(5)Young professionals ________ (compete) fiercely for limited job opportunities in the tech industry.
(6)The team ________ (compete) in the international robotics competition and won first prize.
[完成句子]
(1)只有通过相互竞争,我们才能在学习上取得巨大进步。
Only by ________ ________ ________ ________ _______ can we make great progress in our study.
(2)只有通过不断学习，我们才能在全球化的职场中保持竞争力。
Only by continuous learning can we ________ ________ in the global workplace.
【高考真题链接】
2025 新课标 Ⅱ 卷语法填空
Companies must ______ (compete) on quality and innovation to survive in the market.
2023 全国 Ⅰ 卷完形填空
The ______ nature of the tournament pushed participants to perform at their best.
5.pretend vi.& vt.假装;假扮
[教材原句] A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.(P41) 一个足球运动员不应该假摔,即使这能帮他/她的球队。
【词块必记】
pretend to be ＋n./adj. 假装是……
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事
pretend to have done sth. 假装已经做了某事
pretend that... 假装……
[联想积累] 类似pretend后接to do/to be doing/to have done的动词还有：
happen 碰巧；appear 看似；seem 似乎；claim 声称
【即时练】
单句语法填空
① She ____________ asleep when her parents entered the room.
② The actor ____________ his lines to create a humorous effect.
③He pretended ____________ (read) in the morning class when the class teacher came in.
[完成句子]
(1)他假装知道问题的答案。
He pretended_________ the answer to the question.
(2)爸爸进来时,那个女孩假装在看电视。
The girl pretended _____________ TV when her father came in.
(3)我进到弟弟的房间时,他假装睡着了。
My brother pretended _____________ asleep when I entered his room.
To be honest, if you __________________ what you don't know, you'll only make a fool of yourself.
说实话，不懂装懂就会自欺欺人。
【高考真题链接】
2024 全国乙卷短文改错
The child pretended ______ ______ (cry) when his toy was taken away.
2023 上海卷语法填空
The suspect pretended ______ he was innocent during the interrogation.
6.strength n．力量；体力
【词块必记】
(1)have the strength to do sth 有力量/意志做某事
build up one’s strength 增强某人的体力
strength(s) and weakness(es) 优势和劣势
with all one’s strength 尽全力
(2)strengthen vt.& vi. 加强；巩固；增强
[近义] force，power，energy，advantage
【即时练】
单句语法填空
① Regular exercise helps _________ (strength) muscles and improve cardiovascular health.
② The team’s _________ （strength） include creativity and effective communication.
翻译练习
为了增强免疫力，医生建议多吃富含维生素的食物。
【高考真题链接】
2025 全国 Ⅱ 卷语法填空
The ______ of the hurricane caused widespread damage along the coast.
2023 浙江卷书面表达
Candidates should highlight their ______ and weaknesses in the personal statement.
7.make sense有道理;合乎情理;表述清楚
[教材原句] That doesn’t make any sense!(P41)那没有任何意义!
【词块必记】
(1)make (no) sense of... (不)理解/明白……
It makes (no) sense to do sth. 做某事(没)有道理/意义
(2)in a sense 从某种意义上说
in no sense 决不(用在句首时，句子主谓部分倒装)
There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理/意义
【即时练】
[完成句子]
(1)不管你怎么解释这个句子,它都讲不通。
No matter how you explain the sentence,it doesn’t ______ ______.
(2)不管你怎么解释这个句子,我都不懂。
No matter how you explain the sentence,I don’t ______ ______ ______ it.
(3)为了取悦父母而在考试中作弊是没有意义的。
______ ______ ______ ______ cheating in the exam to satisfy your parents.
[单句语法填空/补全句子]
①Your cellphone has broken down again! It makes no sense _________ (buy) the cheapest cellphone just to save some dollars.
②There's no sense in ________ (draw) a conclusion without enough evidence.
③Talking with her ____________ (没有意义),as she never listens to others.
④You should lose heart in no sense; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.
→________________________； keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.(倒装句)
Furthermore, you'd better learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which can help you ________________the poems to be learned.
此外，你最好提前了解一下唐朝的历史，这可以帮助你理解要学的诗歌。
【高考真题链接】
2024 全国甲卷阅读理解
The theory______ ______ when considering the latest research findings.
2023 新课标 Ⅰ 卷七选五
Organizing your workspace can ______ ______ ______chaos and boost productivity.
8.give up 放弃;投降
[教材原句] Losing games taught him to practise harder and never give up.(P38) 输掉比赛教会了他更加努力地练习,永不放弃。
【词块必记】
give back归还;恢复
give up (doing) sth放弃/停止(做)某事
give up sth to把……让给/交给……
give away泄露(机密);暴露;分发(奖品等);捐赠
give in屈服;让步
give in to屈服于;向……让步
give off发出(蒸汽、味道);发散(光线)
give out用完;用尽;分发;公布
[佳句背诵]
The teacher always reminds us,“On no condition can we give up our dreams.”
老师总是告诫我们:“我们决不能放弃我们的梦想。”
[联想记忆] give up同义词： quit; desert
【即时练】
[用give的相关短语填空]
(1)There were people at the entrance ______ ______ leaflets.
(2)The company ______ ______ free samples to promote its new product.
(3)Please______ ______ my notebook which was taken by mistake.
(4)Fireflies ______ ______ flashes of light when they fly at night.
(5)Despite setbacks, she refused to ______ ______ on her dream of becoming a pilot.
【高考真题链接】
2025 全国 Ⅰ 卷完形填空
The team ______ ______ hope after losing three consecutive games.
2023 北京卷语法填空
He ______ ______ to peer pressure and started smoking.
9.cut...out停止做(或使用、食用);剪下;删除
[教材原句] Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed,I added healthy foods to my meals.(P42) 我没有减少吃我喜欢的食物,而是在我的膳食中添加了健康的食物。
【词块必记】
cut down砍倒;削减,压缩
cut up切碎
cut off 中止；切断,停掉;(使)隔绝,挡住
cut in插嘴
cut through开辟(出路或通道)
cut across穿过某地(尤指抄近路)
cut into pieces切成碎片
【语境巧练】
[用cut的相关短语填空]
(1)He decided to ______ ______ the amount of fat because of his weight.
(2)It is bad manners to ______ ______ when people are speaking.
(3)I’d feel ______ ______ if I didn’t know what was happening in the world.
(4)With more and more forests ______ ______,large quantities of soil are being washed away.
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①I usually cut ________ the park on my way home so that I can arrive home early.
②You'd better quit smoking or at least cut ________ the amount of smoking.
③She kept cutting ________ on our conversation, which made us very angry.
④The doctor advised him to ________ sugary drinks to improve his health.
【高考真题链接】
2024 全国乙卷完形填空
To save time, the teacher______ ______ the less important exercises.
2023 浙江卷语法填空
The company ______ ______ on expenses by reducing travel budgets.
pare...with/to 与……比较
[教材原句] Finally,I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body.(P42)最后,我不再拿自己与女演员和模特做比较,也不再寻找我的脸或身体有什么问题。
【词块必记】
(1)comparison n.比较
make a comparison (with)(与……)作比较
in comparison with/to...和……相比
(2)
compare A with B 把A和B进行比较 A和B是同类事物 比较
compare A to B 把A比喻成B A和B是不同类事物 比喻
compared
with/to... 和……相比(作状语)
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
The teacher asked students to ______the two novels and discuss their themes.
Young people are compared ______ the sun at eight or nine in the morning.
______ (compare)with traditional methods, the new approach is more efficient.
Film has a much shorter history,especially when ______ (compare) to such art forms as music and painting.
[完成句子]
(5)在比较不同的文化时,我们往往只注意差异,而没有注意到许多相似之处。
When ______ ______ ______ ,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities.
【高考真题链接】
2025 新课标 Ⅰ 卷语法填空
______ the two proposals, the committee chose the one with higher feasibility.
2023 全国 Ⅱ 卷阅读理解
______ ______ last year, sales have increased by 20%.
11.句型公式：Sb./Sth. seems/seemed＋不定式，表示“看来……；好像……”
(教材原句)In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always seemed to find a way to win.
在一场比赛的最后几秒钟，乔丹似乎总能找到获胜的方法。
【词块必记】
(1)Sb./Sth. seems/seemed＋不定式＝It seems/seemed that... 看来……；好像……
(2)It seems ＋形容词/副词＋ to do sth. 看起来……
It seems as if/as though... 看起来好像……
There seems (to be)... 看起来……
[佳句]
①It seems that Mary has changed a lot since she went to university.＝Mary seems to have changed a lot since she went to university.自从上大学以来，玛丽似乎改变了很多。
②Look at the dark clouds in the sky! It seems as if it is going to rain.看天上乌云密布！ 看来要下雨了。
【即时练】
单句语法填空/补全句子
①It seems difficult ________ (learn) so many new words by heart in a short time.
②_____________________(看起来有希望) that business will get better.
③ The project _____________________ (seem) progressing smoothly despite challenges.
④ It _____________________(seem ) everyone was satisfied with the final decision.
【高考真题链接】
2024 全国甲卷语法填空
The old man seemed______ ______ where he had parked his car.
2023 浙江卷书面表达
It seems ______ ______ the weather will improve in the afternoon.
12.even if/though即使;虽然,引导让步状语从句
[教材原句]I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible.(P42) 我一直想让自己看起来像电视上的苗条女孩那样,尽管我知道那是不可能的。
【考点必记】
(1)在even if/though引导的让步状语从句中,如果主句、从句都表示将来的动作,从句中要用一般现在时来表示将来时。
(2)在even if/ though引导的让步状语从句中,如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致,且从句中有be动词时,可以把从句的主语和be动词省略。
[易混辨析]
短语 含义 用法
even if=even though 即使;尽管 引导让步状语从句
as if=as though 仿佛;好像 引导方式状语从句
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)He came to say goodbye to me ______ ______ it was raining heavily.
(2)I will go to the beach even if/though it______ (rain) tomorrow.
(3)The man is so strange that he never speaks—even if______ (ask) to.
(4)Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind ______ ______ they had just happened.
(5) ______ ______ it rains, the outdoor concert will proceed as scheduled.
(6)The team continued training ______ ______ they were exhausted.
【高考真题链接】
2025 全国 Ⅱ 卷语法填空
______ ______ he was tired, he stayed up late to finish the report.
2023 新课标 Ⅱ 卷阅读理解
______ ______ you’re not a professional, you can enjoy painting as a hobby.
语法点
Grammar 反意疑问句
反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。 反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分用否定式；反之，前一部分为否定式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯后否，前否后肯”。
(一)简单句中的反义疑问句
1．当陈述部分是“there be＋主语＋其他”结构时，反意疑问部分要用“be (not)＋there”结构。
There are some bananas in the basket, aren't_there 篮子里有一些香蕉，是吗？
2．当陈述句部分有情态动词must时，反意疑问部分有三种情况
(1)must表示“必须，禁止”时，反意疑问部分要用must (mustn't)．
You mustn't stop your car here, must_you 你不能把车停在这里，明白吗？
(2)must表示“有必要”时，反意疑问句部分要用needn't.
They must finish the work today, needn't_they 他们今天必须完成这项工作，是吗？
(3)当must用来表示对现在的情况进行“推测”时，反意疑问部分要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。
He must be good at maths, isn't_he 他数学一定学得很好，是吗？
3．当陈述部分是everyone/everybody, someone/somebody, no one/nobody, none等表示人的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语多用they，但也可用he；当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, something, nothing等表示物的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语用it。
Nobody came when I was out, did_they 我在外时，没人来过，是吗？
Everything has gone wrong today, hasn't_it 今天所有事情都出问题了，是吗？
4．当陈述部分有hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。
名师点津 如果陈述句部分是带有否定前缀或后缀时，反意疑问句部分仍用否定结构。
It's impossible for him to make such a mistake, isn't_it 他不可能犯这样的错误，是吗？
5．当陈述部分有情态动词ought to时，反意疑问句部分要用ought/should (oughtn't/shouldn't)；如陈述部分为情态动词used to，反意疑问部分可用usedn't或didn't；如陈述部分为had better，反意疑问部分用hadn't或shouldn't。
Such things ought not to be allowed, ought_they 这种事是不允许的，是吗？
You'd better do it by yourself, hadn't/shouldn't_you 你最好自己做，好吗？
6．当陈述句部分是I am ... 时，反意疑问句部分通常要用aren't I；如陈述句部分的主语是I am not时，反意疑问句部分通常要用am I。
I'm late for the meeting, aren't_I 我开会迟到了，是吗？
I'm not doing well, am_I 我做得不好，是吗？
(二)祈使句和感叹句中的反意疑问句
1．Let开头的祈使句，构成反意疑问句时，除Let's用shall we构成反意疑问句外，其他均用will you.
Let the boy go first, will_you 让这个男孩先走，可以吗？
Let's take a walk after supper, shall_we 我们晚饭后散步吧，好不好？
2．祈使句的肯定形式，其反意疑问句表示“请求”时，通常用will you；表示“邀请，劝说”时，用won't you。
Be sure to write to us, will_you 一定要给我们写信，好吗？
Come to have dinner with us this evening, won't_you 今晚来和我们吃晚饭，好吗？
3．祈使句的否定形式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you构成。
Don't smoke in the meeting room, will_you 不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？
4．变异祈使句，即句首为一呼语，后接第二人称代词引导的一个一般现在时的陈述句，这时，我们应将其视为无主语的祈使句结构，反意疑问句部分要用will you构成。
Mike, you take all these tables out of the next room, will_you 迈克，你把所有的这些桌子搬出隔壁房间，好吗？
5．感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定式，并用be的一般现在时形式。
What a foolish child (he is), isn't_he 他是多么无知的一个孩子呀，是吗？
(三)并列句中的反意疑问句
当陈述句是由并列连词and, but, or, for, so等连接的两个并列分句组成时，反意疑问句部分一般与最接近的分句保持一致，也就是说，对后一分句进行反问。
He was a lazy child, and he didn't pass the exam, did_he 他很懒，没有通过考试，是吗？
(四)复合句结构中的反意疑问句
1．在宾语从句中，如果陈述句部分是“I think (believe, suppose, imagine, expect等)＋宾语从句”， 反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致，并要注意否定转移。
I don't think you have heard of him before, have_you 我认为你之前没有听说过他，是吗？
名师点津 当think等这些动词的主语不是第一人称，或主语是第一人称，而动词时态不是一般现在时，这时，反意疑问句的助动词和人称代词要与主句保持一致。
Mary thinks you will come to the party, doesn't_she 玛丽认为你会来参加派对，是吗？
2．一般情况下，陈述句部分是主从复合句时，反意疑问句部分的代词和助动词应与主句中的主语和动词保持一致。
This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isn't_it 这是他第二次来到日本，是吗？
当陈述句部分为主语从句时，反意疑问句的主语用it。
That he didn't pass the entrance exam made his parents very angry, didn't_it
他没有通过入学考试，这使得他父母很生气，是吗？
对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。
—He likes playing football, doesn't he
—Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.
——他喜欢踢球，不是吗？
——不，他喜欢。/是的，他不喜欢。
—His sister didn't attend the meeting, did she
—Yes, she did./No, she didn't.
——他妹妹未出席会议，是吗？
——不，她去了。/是的，她没去。
完成下列附加疑问句。
1. Kurt listened patiently, but then he finally smiled and said, “You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you ” “____________________, I admitted.
2. Let’s meet in the Red Lion bar to have a little nice talk, ____________________
3. She had owned that business for 15 years, ____________________
4. As far as I know, life must be pretty tough for his family now, ____________________
5. Guess what My mother’s decided to go back to school, ____________________
6. So she doesn’t want to study art now, ____________________
7. She needs to find something interesting to do, ____________________
8. He used to tell you that readers were leaders, ____________________
9. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ____________________
10. If you want help — money or anything, let me know, ____________________
11. Brian told you there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time, ____________________
12. The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, ____________________
13. Don’t smoke in the meeting room, ____________________
14. His wife had the front door painted green yesterday, ____________________
15. If you had come yesterday, you might have seen him, ____________________
16. When the teacher speaks, we have to keep quiet, ____________________
17. He never told us why he was late, ____________________
18. I want to do nothing, because there is little point in doing anything about it, ____________________
19. She told me that she had finished the task, ____________________
20. You don’t think we can speak English, ____________________
21. I don’t think he is right, ____________________
1 No 2 shall we 3 hadn’t she 4 isn’t it 5 hasn’t she
6 does she 7 doesn’t she 8 usedn’t he/ didn’t he 9 shall we 10 will you
11 didn’t he 12 didn’t it 13 will you 14 didn’t she 15 mightn’t you
16 don’t we 17 did he 18 is there 19 didn’t she 20 do you
21 is he
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