高中英语一轮复习语法串讲：定语从句

定语从句
由关系代词who、whom、whose、
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住：
1.what不能引导定语从句.
2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。
一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 试分析：
The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.
Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .
The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.）注：
A． 指人时有时只用who不宜用that。
1．先行词为one、ones或anyone
The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.
（2）Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
2．先行词为these时
These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.
3．在there be 开头的句子中
There is a student who wants to see you.
4．一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。
The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard.
5．在非限制性定语从句中
A.
I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.

二．指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that. 试分析：
1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.
2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.
3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)
4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)
注：
A. 在介词后面，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.
(1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.
(2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.
B. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。
Is this the book which she is looking for
The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.
The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son.
C． 指物时，下列情况下只能用that ，不宜用which。
（1）先行词为不定代词，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。
We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.
I have told them all (that) I know.
All that can be done has been done.
（2）先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。
The first book that I read last night was an English novel.
（3）先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。
This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.
This is the best that can be done now.
（4）如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适，只能用that。
We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.
There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.
（5）如果先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修饰时。
This is the only book that can be lent to you.
（6）当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，关系代词只用that。
Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday
D．指物时，下列情况下只能用which，不宜用that。
（1）关系代词放在介词之后
This is the factory in which we once worked.
（2）非限制性定语从句中
This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.
（3）that，Those作主语时
Those which are on the desk are English books.
E．先行词前有such、the same、 as时, 关系代词用as，不用that, 但the same…as…表示同样的, the same…that…表示同一的
He knows as many people as are present at the meeting.
Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.


限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：
与主句关系密切，不用逗号； 与主句关系不十分密切，用逗号与主句隔开.
先研究下面两个例句：
○1.This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出来，这头象像条蛇。
○2.Tom didn’t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考试不及格，这使得他父亲很生气。
这两个例句中，as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处：
1． 在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。
2． 在意义上，as引导的
定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如……”，“就像……”，而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as许多时候不能代替which，如句2。再如：
1．He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我们所料，他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。
2． The street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期没有打扫了，因此整条街很脏。（不用as）
3The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财，这是不光彩的。（不 用as）
4．He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天运动，这对他的身体很有好处。（不用as）
5．As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已经指出的那样，英语对于初学者说，是相当难学的。在such…as…、the same…as…、 as…、 as many…/much as…等结构中,as不能用which代替。如：
1.Such books as these are too difficult for beginners. 这样的书对于初学的人来说是太难了。
=Books such as these are …
=Books like these are …
2.I live in the same building as he (does). 我和他住再同一座大楼里。
3.He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他认识所有到会的人。
4.That day we all got up early as usual. 那天我们和平时一样，都起得很早。
“One of the +复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况
这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式，跟定语从句所
近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。如：
1． That is one of the books that are required for study at school.
2． This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.
3． She is one of the few persons who know Spanish .
4． This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties,
如果one of +复数名词这一结构前面带有the only、the very之类的限定语，后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式，这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是而不是那个复数名词。如：
1.He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.( 修饰the only one)
He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.( 修饰the teachers)
2.This is the only one of the rooms that is free now. (修饰the only one)
This is one of the rooms that are free now. (修饰rooms)
as与which引导的定语从句
两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 As we all know, the earth is round.
2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.
3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。 She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.
4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。
She has been late again, as was expected.
Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.
1.People
spoke
highly
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
of
the
driver_____,in
spite
of
the
terrible
weather,
had
saved
his
passengers
from
danger.
A.which
B.who
C.whom
D.as
2.The
island_____he
lived
in
his
childhood
is
far
from
the
town.
A.which
B.in
which
C.on
which
D.that
3.I
hope
to
get_____a
tool______he
repaired
this
machine
with.
A.such;that
B.so;that
C.such;as
D.as;as
4.The
soldiers
stoppe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
at
the
edge
of
a
wood,______was
the
right
place
for
an
ambush(埋伏).
A.they
thought
where
B.they
thought
which
C.where
they
thought
D.which
they
thought
6.The
factory
has
500
workers,40
percent_____are
women.
A.of
which
B.of
whom
C.of
them
D.of
that
7.He
often
ta
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lked
about
the
artists
and
paintings_______impressed
him
greatly.
A.which
B.who
C.that
D.不填
8.Students
are
sure
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
to
benefit
from
every
minute_______the
best(use)
of
to
study
their
lessons.
A.which
makes
B.what
they
make
C.that
is
made
D.when
is
made
10.I
will
never
f
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orget
the
days_______we
spent
together
and_____we
made
friends
with
some
farmers.
A.when;that
B.that;when
C.when;when
D.which;which
11._______is
know
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
to
all,the
Xisha
Islands
are
the
territories(领土)of
China.
A.As
B.It
C.Which
D.That
12.His
family,_______all
music
lovers,don't
want
to
miss
MTV
programmes.
A.who
is
B.which
is
C.who
are
D.which
are
13.Who
is
the
person_______asked
for
me
just
now
A.who
B.that
C.whose
D.whom
14.He
asked
m
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ore
than
one
elder
for
advice,_______he
hoped
to
make
a
wiser
decision.
A.which
B.by
which
C.by
which
means
D.by
that
means
16.Those______have
not
got
bikes
may
go
by
bus.
A.that
B.who
C.不填
D.which
17.This
is
the
first
time
I______here.
A.have
been
B.have
gone
C.am
D.come
18.I,_______,will
try
my
best
to
help
you
out
of
the
difficulty.
A.who
is
B.that
is
C.who
are
D.who
am
19.The
comra
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )de
I
share
the
room________is
a
young
teacher
fresh
from
college.
A.with
him
B.with
whom
C.with
D.in
20.What
do
you
think
of
the
material_______the
coat
is
made
A.which
B.of
which
C.from
which
D.in
which
21.The
fire
started
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
on
the
first
floor
of
the
hospital,______patients
were
elderly
people.
A.many
of
whose
B.whose
many
C.many
whose
D.many
of
whom
22.The______why
Alice
didn't
turn
up
was
not
made
clear.
A.cause
B.matter
C.reason
D.truth
23.He
was
the
only
one
of
the
boys
who______willing
to
do
the
work.
A.is
B.was
C.are
D.were
25.What
does
she
do______so
differnt
A.that
is
B.that
are
C.which
is
D.which
are
26.Metals
are
very
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )strong
and
can
be
made
into
any
required
shapes,_____it
possible
for
them
to
be
widely
used
in
industry.
A.which
make
B.which
makes
C.that
make
D.that
makes
27.I
was
very
surprised
at
the
way_____he
spoke
at
the
meeting.
A.which
B.by
which
C.where
D.不填
28.There
is
nothing
in
the
world______can
frighten
him.
A.that
B.who
C.which
D.where
29.Is
this
village______Chairman
Mao
once
lived
in
A.where
B.which
C.that
D.the
one
30.The
picture___
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____he
paid
2,000
dollars
was
drawn
by
a
famous
painter.
A.which
B.to
which
C.on
which
D.for
which
31.The
doctor______is
leaving
for
Africa
next
month.
A.the
nurse
is
talking
to
him
B.whom
the
nurse
is
talking
C.the
nurse
is
talking
to
D.who
the
nurse
is
talking
32.To
get
the
job
started,______I
need
is
your
permission.
A.only
that
B.all
what
C.all
that
D.only
that
33.I
can
still
remem
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ber
the
sitting
room_______my
mother
and
I
used
to
sit
in
the
evening.
A.what
B.which
C.that
D.where
34.A
child_______parents
are
dead
is
called
an
orphan.
A.which
B.his
C.whose
D.with
35.Finally,the
thi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ef
handed
everything_______he
had
stolen
to
the
police.
A.which
B.what
C.whatever
D.that
36.It
is
such
a
big
box
____
none
can
carry
upstairs.
A.that
B.which
C.as
D.so
that
37.The
boy
is
so
good
a
student
_____
I've
never
seen
before.
A.as
B.that
C.which
D.so
that
38.It
is
such
a
big
box
____
none
can
carry
upstairs.
A.as
B.that
C.which
D.so
that
39.Mary
has
the
same
dress
______
her
sister
has.
A.that
B.which
C.as
D.on
which
40.
____Engels
pointed
out，labour
created
man
himself.
A.Which
B.As
C.Since
D.For
41.They
have
succee
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ded
in
finishing
the
bridge，______
is
announced
in
today's
newspaper.
A.for
B.it
C.this
D.as
42.He
won
the
first
prize，
______
made
me
surprised.
A.it
B.that
C.which
D.so
that
43.We
didn't
go
to
the
film，instead
of
______
we
went
to
the
concert.
A.which
B.as
C.doing
so
D.it
44.John
is
from
Britain，______
mentioned
in
our
talk.
A.which
B.as
C.he
D.it
45.This
machine，______
might
be
expected，has
stopped
operating.
A.
that
B.it
C.for
it
D.as
46.We
will
be
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hown
around
the
city,
museum,
and
some
other
places,
______
other
visitors
seldom
go.
A.
what
B.
which
C.
where
D.
when
47.York,
____last
year,
is
a
nice
old
city.
A.
that
I
visited
B.
which
I
visited
C.
where
I
visited
D.
in
which
I
visited
48.He’s
got
himself
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
into
a
dangerous
situation
he
is
likely
to
lose
control
over
the
plane.
A.
where
B.
which
C.
while
D.
why
49.Alec
asked
the
pol
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iceman
he
worked
to
contact
him
whenever
there
was
an
accident.
A.
with
him
B.
who
C.
with
whom
D.
whom
50.I
can
think
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
of
many
cases
students
obviously
knew
a
lot
of
English
words
and
expressions
but
couldn’t
write
a
good
essay
.
A.why
B.which
C.as
D.where