2026年译林版中考英语基础知识梳理：定语从句讲义

2026年中考英语基础知识梳理：定语从句
一、定义及结构
定语从句为修饰名词或代词的从句，起形容词作用（又名形容词性从句）。
结构：（先行词 + 关系词）+ 从句。
先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词 / 代词。
关系词：连接主句与从句，且在从句中充当成分；分为关系代词和关系副词。
二、例句
1. He is the boy who helped me yesterday.
2. Guangzhou is the city where I was born.
3. I want to find something that is really meaningful.
三、关系代词（指物 / 人，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等）
（一）指物：which 与 that 的通用与特用
通常可互换，但以下情况多用 which，少用 that；部分情况只用 that：
先行词为 all, much, little, none, few, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时。
例：This is the house which we bought last month.（此句中 which 可换 that；若先行词为不定代词，如 all that... 则用 that）。
先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰时。
先行词被序数词 / 最高级修饰时（强调 “第几 / 最…… 的”）。
（二）指人：who/whom
who：指人，在从句中作主语 / 宾语。
whom：指人，在从句中作宾语，口语中常用 who 代 whom。
例：
Do you know the man who is talking with your teacher （who 作主语）
Do you know the boy (whom/who/that) your mother is talking with （whom 作宾语，可换 who/that）。
（三）whose：指人 / 物，在从句中作定语（表 “…… 的”）
例：The book whose cover is blue is wonderful.
（四）as 引导的定语从句
常用于 such...as, the same...as 等结构，as 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。
例：She is not such a careless student as she used to be.
（五）“介词 + 关系代词” 结构
“介词 + which/whom” 中，介词后指物用 which，指人用 whom。
例：
One of the students with whom I went to the zoo is from Yichun.
I live in a room whose window faces north.（也可换为 of which the window 或 the window of which）。
四、关系副词（在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语）
（一）when：表 “…… 的时候”，在从句中作时间状语。
例：This is the day when we first came to Guangzhou.
（二）where：表 “…… 的地方”，在从句中作地点状语。
例：Guangzhou is the city where I was born.
（三）why：表 “…… 的原因”，在从句中作原因状语。
例：That is the reason why they went there.
（四）使用提醒
先行词为 “时间 / 地点 / 原因”，但关系词不缺主语、宾语时，用 when/where/why；若缺主语、宾语，用 which/that。
例：
I still remember the day on which I first came to Guangzhou.（= when，作时间状语）。
This is the book in which I am interested.（= that/which，interested 缺宾语）。
五、that, which, who, whose 注意点
（一）只用 that，不用 which/who 的情况（部分）
先行词为 all, much, little 等不定代词时。
先行词被 all, every, no 等修饰时。
先行词被序数词 / 最高级修饰时。
（二）只用 which, who，不用 that 的情况
引导非限制性定语从句时（从句与主句用逗号隔开，表补充说明）。
例：The boy is very tall, which we can see.；She is the only one of the girls who wants to read.
先行词为 that, those 时。
例：What's that which is under the desk
先行词被非限制性定语从句修饰时。
例：This is the very book (that) I want to read.
（三）只用 who, whom，不用 that 的情况
先行词为 one, ones, anyone, those 等指人的词时。
例：Is there anyone who wants to go with us ；This is the book about which they are talking now.
（四）whose 的替换结构
当 whose 在从句中作定语时，除用 whose 外，还可用 “of which/whom + the + 名词” 或 “the + 名词 + of which/whom”。
例：This is the book whose cover is blue. = This is the book of which the cover is blue. = This is the book the cover of which is blue.
六、as 引导的定语从句（补充）
主要用于 such...as, the same...as 等结构，as 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
例：
As is known to all, the moon travels around the Earth.
I would like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.
练习一
1. Who is the man ____ was talking to our English teacher
2. Like the people ____ our math teacher is helping, we also have a lot of homework.
3. I'll be the first ____ helps you when they are in trouble.
4. Do you know the boy ____ is climbing a tree over there
5. This is the place ____ I have spent the whole afternoon.
6. Nobody knows the reason ____ she was absent.
7. The moon is a world ____ there is no life.
8. He has forgotten the day ____ he arrived.
9. October 1, 1949 is the day ____ we'll never forget.
10. This is the museum ____ I spent with your family.
练习二
1. Where is the scientist ____ gave us a talk yesterday
2. Do you know a boy ____ is tall
3. I don't like people ____ talk much but do little.
4. This is the very chair ____ we can sit on.
5. The house in ____ we lived was old.
6. The letter ____ I received from him yesterday is very important.
7. This is the house ____ I want to buy.
8. This is the house ____ we devoted.
9. This is the house ____ our teacher once lived.
10. He didn't tell me the place ____ he was born.
11. The letter ____ I received from him yesterday is very important.
12. I'd like to live in a house ____ there is a garden.
13. This is the hotel ____ we stayed last month.
14. Is this the museum ____ you visited the other day
15. The book ____ he bought yesterday is very interesting.
练习一答案
1. that 2. whom/who/that 3. that 4. who/that 5. where
6. why 7. where 8. when 9. which/that 10. which/that
练习二答案
1. who/that 2. who/that 3. who/that 4. that 5. which
6. which/that 7. which/that 8. which/that 9. where 10. where
11. which/that 12. where 13. where 14. which/that 15. which/that