2026年译林版中考英语基础知识梳理：特殊句型讲义

2026中考英语基础知识梳理：特殊句型
一、There be 句型
（一）概念
用以表示 “某地（或某时）存在某人（或某物）”。
（二）结构
1. 肯定式：There be + 主语 + 其他
例：There is a new bookstore near our school. / There aren't any books in the desk.
2. 一般疑问句：Is/Are there + 主语 + 其他？
例：—Is there an apple in the basket —Yes, there is. / No, there isn't. / —Are there any apples in the basket —Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.
3. 特殊疑问句：How many... are there... 等
例：How many athletes are there at the stadium
（三）时态
1. 一般现在时：There is/are...
例：There is a lake between the two villages.
2. 一般将来时：There is going to be... / There will be...
例：There is going to be a sports meet in April. / There will be more trees in the park in 10 years.
3. 现在完成时：There have/has been...
例：There have been some stories about the monster recently.
（四）注意点
1. There be + 名词 + 介词短语（表 “某地有某物”）
例：There should be some chairs in the room for us to take a rest.
2. There be + 名词 + doing/to do（表动作或状态）
例：There is a man sleeping on the bench. / There are a lot of things to do this weekend.
3. There be 句型的主谓一致（遵循 “就近原则”）
例：There is a book and two pens on the floor. / There are two pens and a book on the floor.
4. 否定句
含 some 的肯定句变否定句时，some 变 any
例：There are some empty bottles in the fridge. → There aren't any empty bottles in the fridge.
含 many/much 的肯定句变否定句时，常用 few/little 替换
例：—Are there many books over there —There are few.
二、There be 句型相关拓展
1. Don't lose heart, Tom. There is always a way out.
2. In my hometown, children there like to fly kites in the morning. (2024 江苏苏州 完形填空)
三、感叹句
（一）概念
用于表达强烈情感（喜、怒、哀、乐等），由what或how引导，句末用感叹号。
（二）结构
1. what 引导：
What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + (主语 + 谓语)!
例：What a beautiful girl she is!
What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + (主语 + 谓语)!
例：What wonderful ideas they are!
What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)!
例：What bad weather it is!
2. how 引导：
How + 形容词 / 副词 + (主语 + 谓语)!
例：How clever the boy is! / How fast he runs!
How + 主语 + 谓语！（强调主语本身）
例：How time flies!
四、祈使句
（一）概念
表示请求、命令、建议等，主语常省略（多为 you），谓语用动词原形。
（二）结构
1. 肯定式：
动词原形开头
例：Please pass me the book over there. / Look out!
Be + 形容词 / 名词
例：Be careful! / Be a good student!
Let + 宾语 + 动词原形
例：Let's go to the park. / Let me help you.
2. 否定式：
Don't + 动词原形
例：Don't smoke inside the restaurant!
No + 动名词 / 名词
例：No smoking! / No photos!
Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形
例：Let him not go there alone.
五、强调句
（一）概念
用于强调句子的某个部分（主语、宾语、状语等）。
（二）结构
It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分
例：It is in the library that I met Joey for the first time.
（三）注意
若被强调部分是人，that 可换 who；若表 “正是……”，用 It is/was... that...
例：It was Susan who made the final decision to stop the project.
六、倒装句
（一）概念
将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前，分全部倒装和部分倒装。
（二）常见结构
1. Here/There + 谓语 + 主语（表 “这里 / 那里有……”）
例：Here comes our train! / There goes the bell.
2. Only + 状语（介词短语 / 副词 / 从句） + 部分倒装
例：Only in this way can you solve the problem.
3. So + 形容词 / 副词 + that...（“如此…… 以至于……”，so 部分倒装）
例：So clever is he that he can answer the question quickly.
七、练习题
（一）单项选择
1. —Tommy, is there ____ in the classroom
—No, all the students are having a PE lesson on the playground.
A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody
2. —Oh no. Your brother left his umbrella at home. There ____ heavy rain this afternoon.
—Don't worry. Mine is here. I can lend it to him.
A. was B. is C. are D. will be
3. Look! There ____ some information about traffic rules in this book.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
4. —Tom will have a birthday party next week.
—If Tom has a party, ____.
A. so I will B. so will I C. neither will I D. nor will I
5. —____ wonderful experience our family had in the Monkey Forest!
—Yes. I'll never forget it.
What B. How a C. How D. What a
答案：
C
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. D