Unit 5 What are the shirts made of?知识点讲解 人教版（2012）九年级英语全册

2025-2026 学年人教版（2012）九年级英语全一册
Unit5 What are the shirts made of 知识点讲解
◆新词归纳 chopstick n. 筷子 coin n. 硬币 fork adj. 餐叉；叉子 blouse n. (女士)短上衣；衬衫 silver n. 银；银器 adj. 银色的 glass n. 玻璃 cotton v. 棉；棉花 steel n. 钢；钢铁 fair n. 展览会；交易会 environmental adj. 自然环境的；有关环境的 grass n. 草；草地 leaf (leaves) n. 叶；叶子 produce v. 生产；制造;出产 widely adv. 广泛地；普遍地 be known for 以……闻名；为人知晓 process v. 加工；处理 n. 过程 pack v. 包装；装箱 product n. 产品；制品 France n. 法国 no matter 不论；无论 local adj. 当地的；本地的 brand n. 品牌；牌子 avoid v. 避免；回避 handbag n. 小手提包 mobile adj. 可移动的；非固定的 everyday adj. 每天的；日常的 ◆短语归纳 be (well) known for 以…闻名/为人知晓 no matter…不论/无论 paper cutting 剪纸 be made of/be made from 由…构成(2 个) be made in sp 在…被制造 the science museum 科学博物馆 model plane 飞机模型 science fair 科技展 be famous for/ be famous as 因…而著名 in the past 在过去 be produced in…在…被生产 in many different areas 在很多不同地区 as far as I know 据我所知 on the sides of 在…的边上 send sth to sp 寄到…/送到… many different countries 许多不同的国 all over the world 全世界 be good for 有利于… both…and 即…又… search for sth 搜寻/寻找 go to another country 去另一个国家 what kinds of things 什么种类的东西 no matter what 无论什么 even if/ even though 即使 the most of…中的大部分 a pair of 一双/一对 made in China 中国制造 boss n. 老板；上司 Germany 德国 surface n. 表面；表层 material n. 材料；原料 traffic n. 交通；路上行驶的车辆 postman n. 邮递员 cap n. （尤指有帽舌的）帽子 glove n. （分手指的）手套 international adj. 国际的 competitor n. 参赛者；竞争者 its adj. 它的 form n. 形式；类型 clay n. 黏土；陶土 celebration n. 庆典；庆祝活动 balloon n. 气球 paper cutting 剪纸 scissors n. 剪刀(pl.) lively adj. 生气勃勃的；(色彩）鲜艳的 fairy n. 童话故事 historical adj.（有关）历史的 heat n. 热；高温 v. 加热；变热 polish v. 磨光；修改；润色 complete v. 完成 Korea 朝鲜；韩国 Switzerland 瑞士 San Francisco 旧金山 avoid doing sth 避免做… in fact 事实上 be good at doing sth 擅长做… be/get better at doing sth 更擅长做… in the future 在将来 in all parts of the world 在世界各个角落 visit sb 看望某人 in the toy stores 在玩具店 shopping experiences 购物经历 find out 查明 how to make a kite 怎样做风筝 go on vacation 去度假 fly a kite 放风筝 The International kite festival 国际风筝 the special forms of traditional 特殊传统方式 in life 在生活中 such as/ for example 例如 turn sth into sth/ change sth into sth 把…变成… be first used by sb 首次被使用 ask for help 寻求帮助 fall into 升入到…里 a symbol of happiness 幸福的象征 put sth on…贴上 good luck 好运 Chinese fairy tale 中国童话 a historical story 历史故事 at a very high heat 在很高的温度下
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clay art 陶艺
be used for doing sth 被用于做…
cover sth with sth 用…盖上
be covered with…被…覆盖
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九年级被动语态语法讲义
一、语态分类
英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语
是动作的承受者。如：
We speak English. (主动) →English is spoken by us. (被动)
They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)→A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)
二、被动语态的构成
汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：
助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。
三、主动语态变被动语态的步骤
（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party.
主语 谓语 宾语
→ I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.
主语 谓语 宾语
（2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers.
→ A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的 be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。
3.把主动语态的主语变为介词 by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原
句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用 in + 地点名词作状语。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化，主要体现在 be 的变化上，其形式与系动词 be 的变化形式完全一
样。以 give 为例，列表如下：
①一般现在时：am / is / are + done ⑥过去进行时：was / were + being + done
②一般过去时：was / were + done ⑦现在完成时：have / has + been + done
③一般将来时：shall / will + be done ⑧过去完成时：had + been + done
④一般过去将来时：should / would + be done ⑨动词不定是：to be done
⑤现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done ⑩情态动词：情态动词+be + done
五、常见的八种时态中的被动语态
1. 一般现在时：
(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.
→Rice is grown in the south of the country.
(2)The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.
→We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.
(3)They teach English and French in their school
→English and French are taught by them in their school.
2. 一般过去时：
(1)He told me an interesting story. →I was told an interesting story(by him).
(2)The students didn't forget his lessons easily. →His lessons were not easily forgotten
3. 一般将来时：
(1)They will send cars abroad by sea. →Cars will be sent abroad by sea.
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(2) They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.→Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.
4. 过去将来时：
(1) They would complete the project by the end of the year.
→The project would be completed by the end of the year.
(2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.
→The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.
5. 现在进行时：
(1) The radio is broadcasting English lessons.
→English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.
(2) We are painting the rooms. →The rooms are being painted.
6. 过去进行时：
(1) The workers were mending the road. →The road was being mended.
(2) This time last year we were planting trees here.
→Trees were being planted here this time last year.
7. 现在完成时：
(1) Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.
→I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.
(2) He has brought his book here. →His book has been brought here.
8. 过去完成时：
(1) When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.
→When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.
(2) The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People had considered him to be a great
leader.
He had been considered to be a great leader
9. 动词不定时
We have twenty trees to be planted today.
10 含有情态动词的被动语态：
(1) You must hand in your compositions after class.
→Your compositions must be handed in after class.
(2) He can write a great many letters with the computer.
→A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.
(3) We must clean the classroom every day. →The classroom must be cleaned every day.
六、 被 动 语 态 的 使 用
1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用 by 短语。
“Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”
2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用 by 短语。
These records were made by John Denver.
The cup was broken by Paul.
3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用 in + 名词作状语，而代
替 by 短语。
These cars were made in China.
七、语态转换时所注意的问题
1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新
主语保持一致。
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We have bought a new computer.
A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误)
2.主动语态变被动语态时，应保留原有的句式。
(1) Do you do morning exercises every day
→ Are morning exercises done by you every day
( 2) Did they build a bike shed last year →Was a bike shed built by them last year
(3) Shall we do the experiment again → Will the experiment be done again
(4) Have you written your composition →Has your composition been written
3. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接
宾语为主语时比较多。
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.
I was given a present on my birthday.
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：
A present was given to me yesterday.
【注意】：
1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：
bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。
(1) The book was showed to the class.
(2) My bike was lent to her.
2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如：
build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。
(1) A new skirt was made for me.
(2) The meat was cooked for us.
(3) Some country music was played for us.
3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或
副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：
不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk
about 等。
The patient is being operated on.
The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.
及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out,
put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。
His request was turned down(拒绝).
The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather
4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语
保留在谓语动词后面。如：
(1) We always keep the classroom clean. →The classroom is always kept clean.
(2) She told us to follow her instructions. →We were told to follow her instructions.
注意：在 let, have, make. see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel 等动词后作宾语补足语的
动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带 to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补
足语不存在省略 to 的问题。
The boss made him work 12 hours a day →He was made to work 12 hours by boss a day.
We often hear him play the guitar. →He is often heard to play the guitar.
6. 当主动句的主语是 nobody, no one 等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为 anybody, 作 by
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的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：
Nobody can answer this question.
误：The question can be answered by nobody. 正：The question can not be answered by anybody.
7. 当否定句中的宾语是 anything, anybody, anyone 等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为 nothing,
nobody, no one 作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：
They haven't done anything to make the river clean.
误：Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.
正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.
8. 以 who 为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用 by whom 放在句首：
Who wrote the story
误：Who was the story written 正：By whom was the story written
9. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和 well, badly, easily 等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，
是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。
如：
(1)The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。 (2)The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。
对比：
The books sell well. (主动句) The books were sold out. (被动句)
The meat didn’t cook well. (主动句) The meat was cooked for a long time. (被动句)
10. 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：
第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain 等。
(1) — Do you like the material — Yes, it feels very soft.
误：It is felt very soft.
(2) The food tastes delicious. 误：The food is tasted delicious.
(3)The pop music sounds beautiful. 误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.
第二，谓语是及物动词 leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own 等。如：
He entered the room and got his book. 误：The room was entered and his book was got.
She had her hand burned. 误：Her hand was had burned.
第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add
up to 等。如：
The fire broke out in the capital building. 误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.
第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie 等。
When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.
误：The sun had already been risen.
After the earthquake, few houses remained.
误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.
第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing 形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的
主语，如：
I taught myself English. 误：Myself was taught English.
We love each other. 误：Each other is loved.
11. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：
据说…… It is said that … 希望…… It is hoped that …
据报导…… It is reported that … 众所周知…… It is well known that …
据推测…… It is supposed that … 普遍认为…… It is generally considered that …
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有人建议…… It is suggested that …
1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.
2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. ___________________________________________________________________________________________
▲1.be made of 【9AP33】
1.-be made from(指成品制成后，成品中已看不出原材料，如：葡萄酿成的酒，各种化学原料制成的尼
龙等，其制作过程中发生了化学变化。)
①、Gas is made from oil. ②、This kind of wine is made from grapes.
2.-be made of (指成品中可以看到原材料，如：石头制成的桥，木料制成的桌子，钢铁制成的工具等，其
制作过程中仅发生了物理变化。)
①、The desks and chairs are made of wood. ②、The cloth is made of cotton.
3.-be made up of 由…组成
①、The article is made up of four parts. ②、The sports team is made up of 20 members.
4.- be made into(某种原料可以制成某种成品)
①、In many parts of the world corn is made into powder(面粉).
②、Glass can be made into different kinds of things.
5. be made in(某物是某地制造的) This kind of TV is made in China.
6. be made with 意为（“ 某种）东西（成品）是由（某种）材料组（制）成的”。原料前用 with 指成品
的组成部分。
A fruit cake is made with fruit.
7. be made by(某物由某人制作) These model planes were made by my brother.
8. be made out of(用…改制成) The skirt is made out of my mother’s dress.
___________________________________________________________________________________________ ▲2.fair n. 展览会；交易会【9AP34】
A.- [n.] 商品交易会，展览会；市集
①、The visitors enjoyed the exhibits at the fair.参观者喜爱展览会上的陈列品。
②、We saw the World Fair. 我们参观了世界博览会.
③、There is a fair in the town square.市中心广场有个市集。
B.- [ adj.]
1. 公正的;公平的; 合理的；恰当的； to be fair 说句公道话
That's a fair comment. 那是公正的评价。
Was it really fair to him to ask him to do all the work 要他做所有的工作对他真的公平吗？
It is fair to say 可以说;应该说
2.（数量、大小）相当大的 A fair number of people came along.有相当多的人来了。
3. 相当好的；不错的
I have a fair idea of what happened. 我相当了解发生的事。
His knowledge of French is only fair. 他的法语知识还算可以。
4. (皮肤)白皙的;(头发)金色的;(人)白肤金发的
She has fair hair and skin. 她有金色的头发,白皙的皮肤。
5. (天气)晴朗的 The weather will be fair today. 今天天气会很晴朗。
6.美丽的 a fair girl 美丽的女儿
C.- [adv.]公平地，直接地
I hit him fair and square on the nose.(光明正大地，诚实地；直接地)
【短语】：
1、fair enough 好吧，有道理 2、It’s / That’s not fair!
3、To be fair 说句公道话 4、with your own fair hands 亲自，用自己的双手
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▲3.famous adj. 著/ 驰名的
A.- be famous for sth (doing sth) 因---而闻名
①、China is famous for the Great wall . ②、Lu Xun is famous for his article. B.- be famous as (身份名) 作为---而出名
①、Wang Fei is famous as a singer . ②、Lu Xun is famous as a writer.
C.-be famous to
You must keep an eye on your neighbor because he is famous to the police.
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▲4. grass and leaves 草和叶 leaf 意为“叶;叶子”，是可数名词，其复数形式 leaves.
In autumn the leaves fall down from the trees. 秋天，叶子从树上落下来。
【助记】：树叶(leaf)一半(half)自己黄， 妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去收粮，
架(shelf)后蹿出一只狼(wolf)， 就像强盗(thief)逃命(life)忙。
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▲5.produce 动词
A.- 1 生产，制造, The factory produces famous cameras.
2.生长；出产；繁育
The region produces over 50% of the country's wheat.这个地区出产全国 50%以上的小麦。
Our cat produced kittens last week.我家的猫上周生小猫咪了。
3. （运用技巧）制作，造出
Anna produced a fantastic meal.
She produced a delicious meal out of a few leftovers.她利用几样剩下的东西烹制出一顿美味饭菜。 4.引起；导致；使产生
A phone call to the manager produced the result she wanted.她给经理打了个电话便如愿以偿。
The drug produces a feeling of excitement.这种药能使人产生兴奋的感觉。
New medicines are producing good results in the treatment of cancer.引起，造成，产生
5. 出示；展现；使出现 He produced a letter from his pocket.他从口袋里掏出一封信来。
Produce your driver’s license, please.
6.. 栽培；培养 This century produced few great man.
He is the greatest athlete this country has ever produced.他是这个国家培养的最了不起的运动员。 7. 上演（戏剧）；制作（电影、电视节目）；灌制（唱片）
They decided to produce that popular play.
8.提出 You can produce your opinion now.
9.创作 The artist produced many famous paintings. B.-produce 在具体的语言中有灵活的翻译：
①、She produced(=drew) the most wonderful paintings and she was only six.
②、This year he produced another novel.
③、I was wondering whether I could produce a meal out of what’s left in the fridge.
④、She asked me to produce a report on that mater.
⑤、He send me a box can produce beautiful music. C.- produce / grow / plant 的区别：
produce 指农作物成产量化地“出产”， 或自然地“生长出；长出；结出（果实）”
grow 表示“种植；使生长”，着重指种植以后的栽培、生长过程。
plant 侧重“栽种；播种”这一行为，指把种子或秧苗栽种到土壤里使之生长。
D.produce, do, make 的共同意思是“制造, 生产”。其区别是：
make 是普通用语, 可指任何物品的制作、制造、生产、加工;
produce 着重强调生产情况及产量, 不强调生产过程及规模;
当做某事或进行某活动, 又不知是什么具体内容时, 用 do 来表示, 当说到工作时, 一般情况下用 do。
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▲6.wide 宽的；宽阔的【8BP50】【9AP34】
形容词 .1.宽阔的;宽松的 They came to a wide river. 他们来到了一条宽阔的河边。
2.宽度为...的,...宽的[A] The lake is about six miles wide. 这条湖约六英里宽。
3.大量的；广泛的；范围大的
He has a wide knowledge of French history. 他具有广博的法国历史知识。
Jenny has a wide circle of friends.珍妮交友甚广。
4. 睁大的；全张开的 She stared at him with wide eyes.她睁大了眼睛瞪着他。
副词：尽可能远地；充分地
A.- wide 用作副词主要表示“张大”“睁大”到最大程度，侧重指物体从一边到另一边的距离（联系其形
容词用法），通常与 wide, apart 等连用。如：
①、Open your mouth wide. 把口张开。 ②、The door was wide open. 门敞开着。
③、He was standing with his feet wide apart. 他站在那儿，两脚分开的距离很大。 B.- widely 则主要表示距离远、范围大、地域广等，通常连用过去分词。
①、He has traveled widely. 他曾在广泛地区旅行。
②、The most widely distributed is the Hui people. 分布最广的是回族。
③、Gas is now widely used for cooking and heating. 现在普遍用煤气烧饭和取暖。
④、Prices vary widely from shop to shop. 各家商店价格悬殊很大。
⑤、widely read (1)读者众多的；(2)博览群书的
C.- 在 wide awake（完全醒着）这一习语中，一般不用 widely。如：
In bed he lay wide awake. 他睡意全无地躺在床上。
In a few seconds she was wide awake .片刻之间她完全醒来。
__________________________________________________________________________________________ ▲7.be known for 以……闻名；为人知晓 know/knew/known 【9AP34】
A.- known [adj.]已知的，众所周知的，有名的，反义词：unknown
①、She is known as a great singer.
②、It’s a known fact that he has been dead for ten years. B.- be well-known＝be famous
①、That place is well-known for its beautiful scenery.
②、Beijing is well-known as the capital of China.
③、This singer is well-known to the young people.
This singer is popular with the young people.
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▲8.process v. 加工；处理 n. 过程 【9AP34】
A.- [v.]1. 加工；处理；
The factory processes leather. 这个厂加工皮革。
Grocery stores sell many foods that have been processed. 食品杂货店出售多种加工食品。
The material will be processed into plastic pellets. 这些材料将会被加工成塑料小球。
2.列队行进 The visitors processed into the house.参观者列队走进这房子里。
3.审阅，审核，处理（文件、请求等）
It will take a week for your application to be processed.审核你的申请需要一周时间。
4(computing 计) 数据处理
B.- [n.] 工序；过程 in the process of 在…的过程中; 在进行中
①、Building a car is a long process. 制造一辆小汽车有很长的工序。
②、The bridge is in the process of being built. 大桥正在建设中。
③、Teaching my daughter to read is a slow process.
④、The training of astronauts is a long process 训练宇航员是个长期的过程。
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▲9.pack v. 包装；装箱【9AP34】
A.-[v.]把…打包，把…装箱
pack sth. pack sth for sb.﹦pack sb. sth. pack sth. into sth. ﹦pack sth. with sth.
①、She packed her children sandwiches.＝She packed sandwiches for her children.
②、He packed his clothes into a suitcase. ＝ He packed a suitcase with his clothes.
③、The china cups were packed with paper.
④、They packed as many people as possible onto the bus.（使挤上）
⑤、We packed away the picnic things.（把…收拾起来）
⑥、Did you pack your traveling bags last night
B.-be packed with = be full of = be filled with
①、The bus is packed with people.
②、The bag is packed with clothes.=__________________________________________
C.-[n.]包，包裹，行李
①、I had some food in a pack. ②、The hiker carried a pack on his back.
③、Here is a pack of cigarettes.
a pack of gum a pack of cards a pack of thieves 一伙盗贼
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▲10. be good at / be good with /be good to/ be good for; 【9AP34】
A.- be good at sth /doing sth = do well in 擅长（做）某事 ①、I am good at telling stories. →I do
well in telling stories.
②、I am very good at swimming. →I do well in swimming.
③、Lily is very good at playing chess. →Lily does well in playing chess.
④、Jim speaks English well. He is good at English.
→Jim speaks English well. He does well in English.
B.- be good with 意为 与……相处得好”（关系好）
①、He likes kids and the kids like him, too. He is good with kids.
②、He is very good with the children.他与这些孩子处得很好。
③、Are you good with old people
C.- be good to 意为“对……友好”=be friendly to/ with
①、She’s a big star. But she is good to her fans(歌迷).
②、My friend was good to me when I was ill.我生病时我的朋友对我关怀备至。
③、We should be good to others. → We should be friendly to/ with others.
D.- be good for 意为 “对……有好处”
①、Books is good for us.
②、vegetables is good for your health.蔬菜对你的健康有好处
③、Eating too much junk food is not good for our health.
___________________________________________________________________________________________ ▲11.seek / look for / search 【8BP78】 【9AP34】
A.-seek v 找；寻找 seek-sough-sought-seeking. (书面用语)
①、He is seeking a job.
②、Are you seeking a quarrel
③、The boy sought advice from his teacher.
④、They sought to change her mind. 他们试图改变她的主意。 B.-look for 强调动作 find 强调结果
①、Frank is looking for his lost pen everywhere, but he can’t find it C.-search 较正式
Search + sth./ sb. 搜查某人的身；搜查某一场所
①、The guard search his books.
②、At the airport, a computer searches everyone for dangerous things.
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Search for sth / sb = look for sth./ sb.
①、The parents were searching for the missing child.
②、They searched for the man everywhere.
③、They made a long search for the important map. n. Search…for… 在某地寻找某东西
①、We searched the forest for the lost children.
②、They’ve searched the whole school for my bag.
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▲12.product n. 产品；制品【9AP35】farm products factory products
①、The firm is known for its high quality products.
②、I hear their products are very popular.
___________________________________________________________________________________________ ▲13.no matter 不论；无论 【9AP35】
A.- no matter 不论；无论
①、No matter what the gift looks like, remember it's the thought that counts.
不论礼物看起来像什么，心意才是重要。
②、Don't open the door, no matter who calls!无论谁来，都不要开门！
③、No matter how hard he works, he can not achieve success.
④、No matter where you’re gong , I’ll follow you.
⑤、—I lost all of my money. — It's no matter, I can help you.
B.- 复合式连接代词： whoever, whomever, whosever, whichever
复合式连接副词： wherever, however
①、Wherever(＝No matter where)you go, don’t forget your homework.
②、Whoever(＝No matter who)you may be, you can’t pass without your ID card.
③、Whenever(＝No matter when)you come, we are always welcome③、
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▲14.local adj. 当地的；本地的,地方性的,本地的；局部的 [n.]当地人【9AP35】
①、This is a local problem, not a nation-wide one.这是地方性的问题，而非全国性的问题。 ②、I suggest that he put an advertisement in the local paper.
③、The pain was local.疼痛是局部的。
④、I asked one of the locals which way to go.我问了一位本地人，该走哪条路。
__________________________________________________________________________________________ ▲15.brand n. 品牌；牌；烙印；商标；牌子；标记【9AP35】
①、These cattle have my brand on them.这些牛身上打了烙印,标明是我的牛。
②、What brand of shampoo do you use
③、He has his own brand of humor.他有他独特的幽默感。
__________________________________________________________________________________________ ▲16.avoid v. 避免；回避【9AP35】
A.- 从意思上看，可表示“避开”或“躲避”(keep oneself from)某人或某物；也可表示“防止”(prevent)某事
的发生。如：
1.避免；防止 Try to avoid accidents. 尽量防止发生事故。
You should avoid such mistakes. 你应当避免这样的错误。
2. 回避；避开；躲避
I think she is avoiding me. 我想她是在躲着我。
I left early to avoid the rush hour.我早早动身以避开交通高峰时刻
I realize she was trying to avoid the topic.我明白了她是故意避开这一话题
3. 避免撞到（某物）
I had to swerve [sw :v]to avoid a cat.为了避免轧到一只猫，我只好猛然将车转向。
B.- 从用法上看，其后可接名词或代词作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但是不能接不定式作宾语。
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①、He avoided answering my questions.他避不回答我的问题。
②、You should avoid using the wrong tense. 你应避免错用时态。
③、It was impossible to avoid being affected. 要想不受影响是不可能的。要想不受影响是不可能的
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▲17.surface[n.] 表面； 平面；外观，外表； 地面;水面【9AP36】
①、The sea covers almost three-fourths of the earth's surface.
②、A cube has six surfaces. 立方体有 6 个面。
③、You must not look only at the surface of things. 看事物不能只看表面现象。
④、The road surface has started breaking up.路面已开始开裂。
⑤、A wave broke across the surface of the pool.一个波浪从池水表面掠过。 on the surface 表面上；从外表看；乍一看
It seems like a good idea on the surface but there are sure to be problems.这主意乍一看不错，但肯定存在问题。 On the surface, he appeared unchanged.看外表他好像没变。
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▲18.traffic n.[u] 交通；路上行驶的车辆【9AP36】
①、His left knee was hurt in a traffic accident.
②、There's usually a lot of traffic at this time of day.每天在这段时间往来车辆都很多。
③、We ran out of gas right in the middle of the main street and blocked traffic.
我们的汽车正好在主路中央没油了,造成了交通阻塞。
traffic accident(s)交通事故，车祸 traffic light(s)交通信号灯，红绿灯 traffic jam 交通堵塞
___________________________________________________________________________________________ ▲19.fly vi & vt .飞 fly-flew n[c]. 苍蝇 pl.flies. fly a kite 放风筝 [P70]
A.- vi.飞,飞行,飞翔：乘飞机(或火箭、航天飞机等)旅行：
①、They flew to New York yesterday.
②、I am flying to Shanghai tomorrow.
③、We flew from London to Beijing. 我们从伦敦飞抵北京.
④、A large bird flew past us. 一只大鸟从我们这儿飞过.
B.- 使(某物)飞；放(风筝、信鸽等)：使(旗帜、风筝等)飘扬；悬,挂(旗)：驾驶,操纵(飞机、航天飞机等)：
①、He tried to fly his kite. 他试图放飞他的风筝.
②、The ship was flying the British flag. 这船悬挂英国国旗.
③、He flew the aero plane over to France. 他驾驶飞机飞往法国.
④、How many passengers do this airline fly weekly 这条航线一周能运送多少乘客 C.- n[c]. 苍蝇 pl. flies.【词组】
on the fly 在飞行中；忙忙碌碌 fly in 降落；乘飞机旅行 fly away 飞走；飞行；起飞
fly high 有雄心大志；情绪高涨；野心勃勃 fly over 飘扬
fly into v. 突发 fly off 飞出；飞速（或突然）地跑掉
fly back 回扫；快速回零 fly by 飞逝；飞越；宇宙飞船飞近天体
fly on vt. 向……发脾气 fly at 扑向；猛烈攻击
fly a kite v. 放风筝；开空头支票；试探舆论 fly out v. 冲出；突然怒骂（或动武）
fly up 飞起；突然发怒；向上飞
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▲pete v.竞争，对抗是
1. compete against/ with 与……竞争
Our school competes against many other schools in baseball. 我们学校常同许多其他学校进行垒球比赛。
I have to compete with my classmates at school. 在学校我不得不和我的同学们竞争。
We can’t compete with them on price. 我们在价格上无法与他们竞争。
2. compete for 为……参加比赛
Thirty people had to compete for only ten openings. 三十个人必须只为十个名额来竞争。
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3. compete in,参加……竞争，在……上竞争、比赛
Five children competed in the race. 五个孩子参加赛跑。
He’s hoping to compete in the London marathon. 他期盼着参加伦敦马拉松比赛。
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▲21.competition n.[u]竞争； n[c]比赛 competitor n. 参赛者；竞争者【9AP37】
A- n.[u]竞争； n[c]比赛（win a competition lose a competition enter a competition）
①、We tried our best, however, we lost the swimming competition.
②、Sometimes there's a lot of competition between children for their mother's attention.
③、People are in competition with each other.
④、He won the first prize/place in the writing competition.
⑤、Japanese PC makers now face foreign competition in their home market. petitor n. 参赛者；竞争者
①、That company is a strong competitor of us.那个公司是我们强有力的竞争对手。
②、The firm has better products than its competitors.
③、The first prize was awarded to the youngest competitor. 一等奖授给了最年轻的比赛者.
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▲22.its its adj. 它的【9AP38】
①、The horse raised its head. 马抬起头。
②、The rabbit seems to be very careful all its life. 兔子似乎一生都小心翼翼。
切勿混淆 its 和 it’s。its 表示“它的”，而 it’s 是 it is 或 it has 的缩合形式。
③、It’s hot in here. 这儿很热。
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▲23.form n. 形式；类型【9AP38】
A.- -[v.]；1.( 尤指自然事物)（使）出现，产生
Flowers appeared, but fruits failed to form.开了花，但没有结果。
Storm clouds are forming on the horizon.天边出现了暴雨云。
The rocks were formed more than one million years ago. 2.（使）形成
A plan formed in my head.一个计划在我的头脑中形成。
I formed many close friendships at college.我大学时结交了许多密友。
3.[动词 + 名词短语][常用被动态] form sth (into sth) | form sth (from/of sth) to produce sth in a
particular way or make it have a particular shape （使）成形，组成；制作
Bend the wire so that it forms a ‘V ’.把铁丝弯成 V 形。
In English the past tense is usually formed by adding‘ed’.
He can form clay into vases.
4.form(sb/sth) (up) (into sth) （使）排列成，排成
to form a line/queue/circle 排成一行 / 长列 / 圈
First get students to form groups of four.首先让学生分成四人一组。
Different kinds of people form different groups.物以类聚，人以群分。
5.是；成为
The castle forms the focal point of the city.这座城堡是城市的中心。
The survey formed part of a larger programme of research.这个调查是研究计划的一部分。
6.组织；建立 They hope to form the new government.他们希望组建新政府。
7.养成，形成（习惯）She formed a good habit of taking notes while listening to the teacher.
B.- [n.]
1.表格；I filled in a form on their website.
2.形式；外表；样子 Help in the form of money will be very welcome.
The cookies are all in the form of stars.
3.（尤指艺术作品或文章的）结构，形式 I like writers who pay much attention to form as well as content.
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4.体能；良好的健康状态 They really need to get back in form.恢复状态（in form 健康、情绪良好）
5.表现状态；良好表现
The whole team was on good form and deserved the win.全队表现良好，获胜是理所当然的。
She was in great form at the wedding party.在婚宴上她欢欣雀跃。
6. 惯常做法；常规；习俗 It is considered rather bad form to talk with your mouth full.礼貌，礼节
True to form (= as he usually does) he arrived an hour late.他和往常一样迟到了一小时。
Partners of employees are invited as a matter of form .按惯例，雇员的配偶受到了邀请。
7.年级 Who's your form teacher 你们年级的老师是谁？
good / bad form (不)礼貌的举动, (不)礼貌的行为 in / out of form 竞技状态良好/不佳
in the form of 以…的形式 off / on form 竞技状态不佳/良好
take form 逐渐成形；渐渐发展
In her body a new life was taking form.一个新的生命在她的体内逐渐形成。
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▲24.celebration n. 庆典；庆祝活动【9AP38】
①、The hotel had(held) a grand celebration for its opening.该饭店办了一个盛大的开幕典礼。
②、We gathered for the celebration of her birthday.
③、People in the city held a great party to celebrate their victory.
④、We celebrate our National Day every year.
⑤、When the war ended, everyone celebrated. 战争结束了,人人欢庆。
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▲25.cover v. / n. 【9AP38】
A.1. v. 遮盖；覆盖 cover A with B 意为“用 B 把 A 覆盖”。 She covered the table with a cloth. 她用一块布把桌子盖起来。
2. be covered with...被……所覆盖
The playground is covered with snow. 操场被雪覆盖了。
3. n．覆盖物；盖子 I don't like the metal cover. 我不喜欢这个金属盖子。
拓展： - 涉及；包含； A year covers 12 months.
By the sunset we had covered thirty miles. 走了（多少路）;
Do not try to cover your mistake.（为免他人陷入麻烦而用谎话或借口）遮掩，掩盖，敷衍
----How much will I pay for the meal
----Thirty dollars will cover all you want to have. (钱)足以支付，够付
How many pages have you covered 讲完（若干章节）；
[v.]覆盖（面积）；占地；遍及的范围 ①、Our school covers 5 square miles.
对…进行新闻采访、报道 ①、The reporters covered the earthquake in Wenchuan.
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▲26.light 【9AP38】
1.-[adj.]轻的；浅色的；明亮的；轻柔的，轻声的；少量的；不腻的，清淡的
①、You can carry this bag-it’s fairly light. 轻的；
②、Susan is wearing a light green skirt. 浅色的
③、We’re studying in a light room now. 明亮的
④、There was a light tap on the door. 轻声的 tap 拍
⑤、The traffic seems very light today. 少量的
⑥、Old people need a light diet. 清淡的
2.-[v.] 点燃；发光，发亮，照亮；使发光；使容光焕发 lit / lit(lighted / lighted)
①、He stopped and lit (up) a cigarette.点燃；发光，发亮，
②、The candle lit the room quite well.照亮；
③、Our way was lit by a full moon.照亮；
④、Susan’s face lit up when Jean walked in.
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⑤、Her face lit up with joy. 使容光焕发
3.-[n.] 光，光线，光亮；发光体，电灯，交通灯；眼神，目光；火柴，打火机，点火器
①、It was difficult to see in the dim light.光线很昏暗，看不太清楚。
②、I can't read while you are standing in my light.你挡住了我的光线，我没法看书。
③、Suddenly all the lights in the house went out.
④、Didn’t you see the traffic lights
⑤、I remembered the curious expectant light in his eyes. 我记得他眼里那好奇而期待的目光。 ⑥、There was a soft light in her eyes as she looked at me.
⑦、Have you got a light
be / stand in one’s light 挡住了...的光线
③、Suddenly all the lights in the house went out.电灯，
④、Didn’t you see the traffic lights 交通灯；
⑤、I remembered the curious expectant light in his eyes. 我记得他眼里那好奇而期待的目光。 ⑥、There was a soft light in her eyes as she looked at me.眼神，目光；
注：light 作动词时，一般 lit 是其过去时和过去分词形式，而 lighted 一般是过去分词作定语时才使用。
There is a lighted cigarette.（这有一支点燃了的烟。）
light up | light sth up
1.(informal) to begin to smoke a cigarette 开始抽烟
They all lit up as soon as he left the room.他一离开房间他们就都抽起烟来。
2.（使）光亮，放光彩
There was an explosion and the whole sky lit up.一声爆炸照亮了整个天空。
3. 喜形于色；喜气洋洋
His eyes lit up when she walked into the room.看见她走进房间，他两眼一亮。
A smile lit up her face.她微微一笑，脸上露出了喜色。
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▲27.rise rise 与 raise 的区别 这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同【9AP38】
A.- rise-rose-risen : 是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态,，意为“上升”、“升起”、“起身”、“起立（此
时主语是人）”、“上涨”，以及“（日、月星等）升起到地平线上”。站起来，起义，反抗
①、The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.日出于东而落于西。
②、Prices rise every day in those countries.那些国家里的物价天天上涨。
③、The chairman rose from his chair.主席从椅子上站了起来。
④、The sun rose at seven o'clock.太阳七点钟升起。
⑤、Soon he got a rise.
B.- raise-raised-raised 是及物动词，发出此动作的通常是人,可用于被动语态，意为“举起、提高”，如
抬头、举手（目、帽、石头、重物等），还可用作比喻，如提高政治觉悟（生活水平、地位、名誉、
声音等）;抚养，养育
①、Heavy rains raised the river.暴雨使河水水位升高。
②、We must raise the living standard of the people.我们必须提高人民的生活水平。
③、His speech raised my interest.他的发言激起了我的兴趣。
④、He raised his arms above his head.他把手臂举过头顶。
⑤、Please raise your hand if you know the answer.（请举手，主语是你） 【与 raise 常搭配的固定说法有】：
raise a subject 提出一个问题 raise one’s voice 提高嗓门
raise a family 养家糊口 raise money 筹款
raise price 提高价格 raise one’s spirits 打起精神
【raise 和 rise 用于同一事物时含义不同】。例如：
The price of TV sets has been raised recently.（政府和厂家主动行动，提高价钱）
The price of TVsets has risen recently.（市场自动调节导致提价，与销售商无关）
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▲28.cut n. 伤口；切口；削减；（服装等的）式样；削球；切入 【9AP38】
vt. [机] 切割；削减；缩短；刺痛
vi. [机] 切割；相交；切牌；停拍；不出席
adj. 割下的；雕过的；缩减的
cut down cut into 打断；侵犯 cut off cut up 切碎；伤害 cut in 插话 A-. cut sb sth 为某人切某物。如：
①、Cut me some pineapple. 给我切几片菠萝吧。
②、He cut me a slice of bread. 他为我切了一块面包。 【注】：该句型也可转换为：
①、Cut some pineapple for me. ②、He cut a slice of bread for me. B- cut sth into sth 把某物切成某物。如：
①、First cut the meat into small pieces. 先把肉切成小块。
②、He cut the apple into halves. 他把它切成了两半。 【注】：若指分为两半，可说成 cut sth into halves 或 cut sth in half。
C-. cut down
(1) 砍倒。如：They cut down the big tree. 他们把这棵大树砍倒了。
(2) 削减，压缩，缩减。如：
①、Expenses ought to be cut down in every way. 应该在一切方面减少开支。
②、You’d better cut the article down to about 2,000 words. 你最好能把这篇文章压到两千字左右。
D-. cut in
(1) 插入，插话。如：
①、Don’t cut in when others are talking. 别人说话时别插话。
②、He kept cutting in on our conversation. 我们谈话时他老是插话。
③、He cut in at the head of the line.
【注】：cut in on sth 有时可说成 cut into sth, 如上面第二句也可说成：
He kept cutting into our conversation. (2) 插队，超车。如：
①、He cut in at the head of the line. 他在队伍的前面插队。
②、The car overtook me and then cut in on me. 那辆小车超了我的车，然后插在我前面。 E. cut off 切断，隔断，断绝。如：
①、We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation. 我
们在电话里谈话谈了一半就被切断了。
②、The flood cut the villagers off from the rest of the world.
洪水切断了村民们与外界的联系。
③、He threatened to cut my hair off.
F-. cut out 删除，删去，切去，切除，停止做，戒掉。如：
①、The doctor told me to cut out meat for my fat. 由于肥胖，大夫叫我停止吃肉。
②、I cut out the paragraph in this article. 我删除了这篇文章的一个段落。
③、Please cut out my overcoat according to this pattern. 我这件大衣请你照这个式样裁剪。
④、He doesn't feel he is cut out to be a leader. 他认为自己没有做领导的才能。
⑤、I left medicine anyway. I wasn't really cut out for it. 我还是放弃学医了，我真的不是那块料。
⑥、I must cut out smoking. 我必须戒烟。
⑦、The rain and wind have cut out a deep valley. 风雨侵蚀出了一条深谷 G-.cut across :抄近路，走捷径
H-. cut away: 切除，剪掉
I- cut up
Please cut up some bananas.
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▲29.scissors n. 剪刀(pl.) （常用作复数，作主语时谓语用复数）a pair of scissors 一把剪刀【9AP38】
【拓展】成双成对的名词只有复数形式，类似的词还要：
jeans 牛仔裤 trousers 裤子 shorts 短裤 glasses 眼镜 shoes 鞋
“a pair of +复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词与 pair 的形式一致。 ________________________________________________________________________________
▲30.lively adj. 生气勃勃的；(色彩）鲜艳的【9AP38】
A.- lively →livelier / liveliest
1.精力充沛的；生气勃勃的；活跃热情的
He’s always a bright and lively child. 2.充满趣味的；令人兴奋的
That was not a lively vacation, was it
3.（事件、讨论等）热闹的，热烈的，激烈的
They have made a lively discussion.
4.才思敏捷的；思维活跃的；兴趣广泛的
She was a very well educated girl with a lively mind, a girl with ambition. 她是个受过良好教育、思维敏捷、抱负远大的女孩子。
5.（感觉或意识）炽热的，强烈的 Eric has a lively interest in cooking food.
6.浓的；鲜艳的 I love the dress of lively colors.
⑤、He gave a lively description of the basketball game.(生动的)
He is a creative boy with a lively imagination. 7.繁忙活跃的；兴旺的
They do a lively trade in souvenirs and gifts.他们做纪念品和礼品生意，做得有声有色。
B.- lovely→lovelier / loveliest
①、Mrs. Green has a lovely child.(美丽的，可爱的)
②、We had a lovely weekend.(令人愉快的，美好的) What lovely weather! ③、You look lovely in pink.(漂亮的)
④、The report given by a lovely girl was so lively that everyone of us took interest in it.
C.- live，lively，living，alive 的用法区别
live 做形容词时，读作[laiv]，表示“现场的；活着的”，只用于物，可以做前置定语；
lively 表示“生动的，活泼的”，可以做定语、表语或宾补；
living 表示“活着的”，可以作表语或前置定语,可修饰人, 也可修饰物；
alive 表示“活着的”，多用于人,与 dead 相对；可以做表语、后置定语或补足语。
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▲31.historical adj.（有关）历史的【9AP38】
①、The book is based on historical events.这本书是根据历史事件写成的。
②、He is writing historical plays.他在写历史剧。
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▲32.shape n. /v.
shape： 1. [n.] 呈…形状的事物； 形状,外形；
①、The pool was in the shape of a heart. in the shape of 呈…形状
②、Candles come in all kinds of shapes and sizes.
③、This old T-shirt has completely lost its shape. ④、The picture is round in shape.这幅画是圆形的。
模糊的影子；
⑤、Strange shapes could be seen in the fog. 在雾中可以看到一些奇怪的影子。
身材;状况，情况；
⑥、I'm a bit out of shape and I was thinking of joining your gym.我身材有点走样,正考虑加入你们的健身俱乐部。
⑦、I’d like to keep in shape / keep fit. ( 强身健体)
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⑧、My grandfather is in good shape for an old man of his age.(精神或身体状况好)
2.[v.]使成为…形状（或样子）；塑造
①、The potter carefully shaped the vase. 那个陶工精心地制作了这个花瓶。
②、Clay shapes easily. 泥土容易做成各种形状。
③、The blacksmith is shaping the iron into a horseshoe.
V. 决定…的形成；影响…的发展
His ideas had been shaped by his experiences during the war.他的思想深受战时经历的影响。
V. 准备（做某动作）；摆好姿势 She was shaping to hit her second shot.她正准备再一次击球。
短语：
get sb/sth into shape 为了健美的体形而进行锻炼; 使某事物〔某人〕有条理,恰当地安排某事物〔某人〕
②、in any shape or form 任何形式 ③、in shape 在外形上；健康
④、out of shape 变形，走样；不健康 ⑤、shape up (v.+adv.)改进,顺利发展
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▲33.fire【9AP38】
A-.[v.] 1.fire (sth) (at sb/sth) | fire(sth) (into sth) | fire (on sb/sth) 射击；开火；开枪
He fired his gun at the deer.他开枪射鹿。 He fired the gun into the air.他朝天鸣枪。
Soldiers fired on the crowd.军人朝人群开枪。
2.射（箭）She fired an arrow at the target.她瞄准靶子射箭。
3.解雇；开除 The company fired him for not coming to work on time.
4.激励；激起热情；使充满热情 His imagination had been fired by the film.这部电影激发了他的想象力。
5.点燃；It is difficult to fire the wet wood.
6.急速地连续说；You'll have an opportunity to fire off questions at the end of the lecture.
你们将有机会在讲座结束后连续提问题。
7.烧制，烘制 People first began to fire clay about 6000 BC. 人类第一次开始烧制陶土大约在公元前 6000 年。 B-.[n.] 火，炉火，炭火；
There is no smoke without fire. 无火不生烟,无风不起浪。
Look! The house is on fire!(失火，火灾)
There were several fires last night.(失火，火灾)
They were ordered to open fire.（开火）
The gunmen opened fire on (= started shooting at) the police.持枪歹徒向警察开火。
Their vehicle came under fire (= was being shot at) .他们的车遭到射击。
He ordered his men to hold their fire (= not to shoot) .他命令士兵停止射击。
The boy was full of fire and courage. (激情；愤怒；热情)
【短语】：be on fire 着火,失火 light a fire 点火 make/build a fire 生火 put out a fire 灭火
fight a fire 救火 open fire on sb. / sth.向…开火 catch (on)fire 着火，燃烧
play with fire 玩火,铤而走险 take fire 着火，开始燃烧；激动起来
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▲34.heat n. 热；高温 v. 加热；变热【9AP38】
A.-[n.] 1.[不可数名词, 单数] the quality of being hot 热
He could feel the heat of the sun on his back.他能感觉到太阳照射在背上的热度。
Heat rises.热空气向上升。
2.[不可数名词, 可数名词, 常用单数形式] the level of temperature 温度
to increase/reduce the heat 提高 / 降低温度
Test the heat of the water before getting in.入水之前先试一试水温。
3[不可数名词] hot weather; the hot conditions in a building/vehicle, etc. 炎热天气；（建筑物、车辆等 中的）高温，热的环境
You should not go out in the heat of the day (= at the hottest time) .你不应该在天最热的时候外出。
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the afternoon/midday heat 午后 / 正午时分的热浪
The heat in the factory was unbearable.
4.[不可数名词] a source of heat, especially one that you cook food on 炉灶；灶眼；炉火 Return the pan to the heat and stir.把锅放回灶上再搅拌。
5.[不可数名词](especially North American English) = heating 供暖; 供暖系统/设备; The heat wasn't on and the house was freezing.暖气没有开，房子里冰冷。
6.[不可数名词] strong feelings, especially of anger or excitement 强烈感情；（尤指）愤怒，激动 ‘No, I won't, ’ he said with heat in his voice.“不，我绝不。”他怒气冲冲地说。
B.-[v.]加热，使变热，变暖
①、Please heat (up) some milk for coffee.
②、The big room will not heat up easily.
C.-heated[adj.]加热的，有暖气的；激烈的
①、Is it a heated swimming pool
②、They had a heated argument just now.
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▲35.polish v.【9AP38】
1. 磨光；①、Silver polishes easily. 银器皿容易擦亮。 ②、You had better polish your shoes with a brush.
2.v.修改；润色
③、It's an honest book but it hasn't been polished.这本书写得真诚坦率，但还未经润色。
④、Would you please polish my article right now 您现在把我的文章润色一下好吗
【短语】polish up
A.- 擦亮 He polished up the silverware till it shone．他把银器擦得铮亮。
B.- improve 改善；提高; 润色;
①、I'll have to polish up my French before the holidays．度假前我得温习一下法语。
②、I think this article needs polishing up before we print it．我认为这篇文章还需润色一下才能复印。
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▲plete v. 完成【9AP38】
A.-[adj.]1. （用以强调）完全的，彻底的
①、He is a complete scholar. ②、It was a complete surprise to me.
2.全部的；完整的；整个的 the complete works of Tolstoy 托尔斯泰全集
I've collected the complete set.我收集了全套。
3.complete with sth [名词前不可用] 包括，含有（额外部分或特征）
The furniture comes complete with tools and instructions for assembly. 这件家具备有组装工具和说明书。
The book, complete with CD, costs 35.此书包括光盘，售价 35 英镑。
4[名词前不可用] finished 完成的；结束的
Work on the office building will be complete at the end of the year.办公大楼工程将于年底竣工。
5.全面的;全能的
He was the complete all-round journalist| d :n l st|. 他是一名全能的记者。
B.- [v.]1. 完成；结束
She's just completed a master's degree in Law.她刚读完法律硕士学位。
The project should be completed within a year.这项工程必须在一年之内完成。
2. 填写（表格）fill in/out
2 000 shoppers completed our questionnaire.2 000 名顾客填写了我们的调查表。
3.使完整；使完美 I only need one more card to complete the set.我只差一张卡片就配齐全套了。
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▲37.send out【9AP39】
A． 发出（光亮等）
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This lamp sends out a powerful beam．这种灯可发出强光。
B．produce 长出（枝、叶）
Trees send out new shoots in spring．树木入春就长出新芽。
C-. 派遣；发送
①、He sends out many invitations．他发出了许多请柬。
②、The company sends out thousands of circulars every month．这家公司每月发出数以千计的通知。
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