Unit 6 When was it invented?知识点讲解 人教版（2012）九年级英语全册

2025-2026学年人教版（2012）九年级英语全一册
Unit 6 When was it invented 知识点讲解
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◆新词归纳
heel n. 鞋跟；足跟
scoop n. 勺；铲子
electricity n. 电；电能
style n. 样式；款式
project n. 项目; 工程
pleasure n. 高兴；愉快
zipper n.(=zip) 拉链；拉锁
daily adj. 每日的；日常的
have a point 有道理
website n. 网站
pioneer n. 先锋；先驱
list v. 列表；列清单
mention v. 提到；说到
accidental adj. 意外的；偶然的
by accident偶然；意外地
nearly adv.几乎；差不多
ruler n.统治者；支配者
boil v.煮沸；煮开
remain v.保持不变；剩余
smell n. 气味v.发出……气味；闻到
saint n.圣人；圣徒
national adj.国家的；民族的
trade n. 贸易；交易v.做买卖；从事贸易
take place 发生；出现
doubt n. 疑惑；疑问v. 怀疑
without doubt毫无疑问；的确
fridge n.冰箱
low adj. 低的；矮的
somebody pron. 某人 n. 重要人物
translate v.翻译
lock v.锁上；锁住 n.锁
earthquake n.地震
sudden adj. 突然（的）
all of a sudden突然；猛地
bell n. 钟（声）；铃（声）
biscuit n. 饼干
cookie n. 曲奇饼
musical adj. 音乐的；有音乐天赋的
instrument n. 器械；仪器；工具
crispy adj. 脆的；酥脆的
salty adj.咸的
sour adj. 酸的；有酸味的
by mistake错误的；无意的
customer n. 顾客；客户
the Olympics奥林匹克运动会
Canadian adj.加拿大的；加拿大人的
divide v. 分开；分散；
divide…into…把……分开
basket n. 篮；筐
popularity n.受欢迎；普及
not only…but also…不但……而且……
look up to钦佩；仰慕
hero n. 英雄；男主角
professional adj. 职业的；专业的
◆短语归纳
be invented (by sb)被…发明
the style of….…的样式
shoes with special heels具有特殊跟的鞋
think of/ think about考虑/想
My pleasure! 我很荣幸
daily life日常生活
seem to do sth/ seem that…似乎…
spread sth to sp传播到…
by accident偶然的/意外的
the most popular drink最受欢迎的饮料
It’s said that…据说
as a drink作为饮料
over an open fire在户外的火上
fall into掉入…里/落入/陷入
the saint of tea茶圣
be brought to sp被带到…
take place发生
without doubt毫无疑问/确信
at a low price以很低的价格
advise sb to do sth建议…做…
advise sb not to do sth建议…不要做…
all of a sudden突然/猛地
be similar to和…相似
by mistake错误地/无意地
salty enough足够的咸
make sb happy/ cheer sb up使…高兴
in the end最后
more than / over多余/超过
It’s believed that人们相信
at the Olympics在奥运会
inside on a hard floor在室内坚硬的地板上
divide …into…把…分成…
at the same time与此同时
stop…from doing sth阻止…做…
the dream of….…的梦想
not only…but also不但…而且…
more and more.…的数量
the number of…
越来越多
look up to钦佩/仰慕
encourage sb to do sth鼓励…做…
achieve one’s dream实现梦想
in history历史上
the professional basketball groups职业篮球队
That’s because…这是因为…
It’s hard to tell…很难区分出
come up with想出…
That’s why…那是…的原因
ask sb not to do sth让某人不要做… ___________________________________________________________________________________________
▲1.invent 1 发明；创造 Who invented the steam engine 谁发明了蒸汽机？
2 编造；捏造；虚构What excuse did he invent this time 他这次编了什么借口？
Many children invent an imaginary friend. 很多儿童都有一个假想朋友。
【拓展】invent/ discover/find/find out辨析：
invent 发明 发明的东西是从前没有的 指事物从无到有（客观上没有） Who invented the steam engine 谁发明了蒸汽机？
discover 发现 发现的事物是本来存在的，只不过从“未知”到“已知”（客观上以前存在） Columbus discovered America 哥伦布发现了美洲
find 找到 指寻找的结果。是非延续性动词 I am looking for my bike, but I may not find it. 我正在找我的自行车，可是不一定能找到。
find out 找出、查明 指经过观察、调查把某事、某物查出来，搞清楚，弄明白 When he was a child, he liked to find out how things worked. 他孩提时代时，就爱弄明白各种事物的来龙去脉。
invention
1 发明；创意Fax machines were a wonderful invention at the time. 传真机在当时是一项了不起的发明。
2 虚构；编造；虚构的故事This story is apparently a complete invention.这个故事显然完全是虚构的。
3 [不可数名词] 创造力；创意
John was full of invention─always making up new dance steps .约翰有丰富的创造力——总能编出新的舞步。___________________________________________________________________________________________
▲2.run on electricity靠电力驱动的【9AP42】
A.- v. run runs-running-ran
1.跑，跑步；Jack runs very fast. 杰克跑得很快。
I usually go running before breakfast. 我通常早饭前跑步。
My brother goes for a run every day. 我哥哥每天都去跑步。
2.（（按某路线）行驶）Buses to Oxford run every half-hour.
3.（运转，）Jack had the machine running.
Her life had always run smoothly before.她以前的生活一直很稳定。（run的比喻用法）
4.操作；Could you run the engine for a moment 你来操作一会儿发动机好吗？
5.（连续上演）Her last musical音乐片 ran for six months on Broadway. 百老汇街
6.支配；管理；经营；控制；For a while, she ran a restaurant in Boston.
Who runs the business 生意是谁经营的
7.流鼻涕、His nose is running.
8.褪色The color ran when I washed your red shirt, and now all your socks are pink.
Some colors run quickly in the sun.
9.竞选；Bob is running for president.
10“延伸”;The road runs north.这条路伸向北方
11.“液体的流动”The river runs into the sea.
12.[单独使用的动词] (固体) to melt 熔化 The wax 蜡began to run.
13. 变成，成为，变得（尤指不利的变化）
The river ran dry (= stopped flowing) during the drought.这条河在干旱期间断流了。
We've run short of milk.我们牛奶不够了。
14. 发表；刊登
On advice from their lawyers they decided not to run the story.根据他们的律师的建议，他们决定不刊载这篇报道。
B.- v “run”可以做名词 “奔跑,路程”
①、Let's go for a run across the fields. 咱们去跑步，跑过那片田野吧。
②、It is an hour's run by train from here to London. 从此地到伦敦搭火车有一小时的行程③、
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▲3.run out of【9AP42】
A.-run out of =use up 将…用光；卖完；缺乏
①、Our car is running out of gas.
②、You should get some fuel ready, before you run out of it.
B.-run out也可用作不及物动词短语；“事物耗尽；结束；用完”不用于被动语态。
①、Our patience is running out.
②、The food will run out within a week.
③、The novel are running out 小说已经售完。
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▲4.run into 【9AP42】
A.- 偶然碰见；巧遇；碰上
①、I unexpectedly ran into him on the street yesterday evening．昨天晚上我在街上偶然碰见了他。
②、Their ship ran into a strong gale at sea．他们那条船在海上遇到了大风。
B.- 与…碰撞
①、Suddenly he lost control of his bike and ran into a lamppost．
他突然控制不住自己的自行车，一下子撞到了电线杆上。
②、He ran into the back of a bus．他撞上了一辆公共汽车的尾部。
C.- 遭遇到；陷入；经历
①You will certainly run into many difficulties，but you must not give up．你一定会遇到很多困难，但不能放弃。
②、When I ran into a problem while making my model airplane， I asked my father for help．
当我在做飞机模型遇到困难时，我请我父亲帮忙。
③、He has run into trouble in his job．他在工作中遇到了困难。
④、If you travel alone in that forest，you may run into danger．
如果你独个儿在那片森林里行走，你会遇到危险的。
D.- 总计为；累计达到
①、The new dictionary has run into several editions．那部新词典已经再版好几次了。
②、The number of people killed on the highways during holidays runs into hundreds．
高速公路上伤亡人数在假期里高达数百人。
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▲5.electricity n. 电；电能；电流；电力学；热情【9AP42】
①、电；电能；电流；While I was cooking supper the electricity went off.
②、Don't leave the lights on—it wastes electricity.
③、电力学；Both students have made quite a few experiments on electricity.
这两个学生都做了不少电学实验。
④、热情You can feel the electricity in the crowd and the band. 你可以感觉得到群众和乐队的激情。
electric [adj.]电的，用电的；电动的；发电的an electric fan [n.]供电
electrical [adj.] 电的，用电的；发电的
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▲6.style n. 样式；款式；文体；风格；时尚；类型【9AP42】
A.- style n. 样式；款式；文体；风格；时尚；类型
①、The letter is written in a formal style. 这封信是用正式文体写的。
②、I wouldn't tell lies to you; that's not my style.我不会跟你撒谎，那不是我的风格。
③、The style of this skirt is just in season.这条裙子的款式正当时令。
B.- in style:流行
①、Her clothes are always in style.她的衣服总是很时髦.
②、They sell shoes in all styles.他们出售各种最新款式的鞋。
③、Let's eat in style.我们吃得考究一点吧.
④、She dresses in style.她穿着很时髦.
⑤、If ever she gives a party she likes to do it in style.她每举办舞会,总喜欢搞得很排场.
C.- out of style:不时髦的
①、Her dress is out of style. 她的穿着不时髦。(in style时髦，时尚，流行)
②、Dresses may be in style one year and out of style the next.服装有可能会今年时髦,而明年过时.
③、Her hat is a creation that will never go out of style; it will just look ridiculous year after year.
她的帽子是一项决不会过时的创作,只不过看上去一年比一年滑稽罢了.
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▲7.project n. 项目; 工程;计划；课题；专题研究;作业【9AP42】
①、Our project was cancelled because of the bad weather.
②、This is a project to establish a new national park.这是一个建造新的国家公园的工程计划。
③、This research project is of great worth.这一研究项目很有价值。
④、I'm doing a project on Chinese history.我正在做一个有关中国历史的研究课题。
⑤、In their geography class, the children are doing a special project on North American Indians.
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▲8.pleasant / pleased / pleasure / please.【9AP42】
A.- pleasant adj. “令人愉快的” “令人舒适的” 主要指使人心满意足,将快乐给予他人的性格、活动氛围、状态或场合，也可用于事物。在句中作表语或定语
①、She has a pleasant voice. 她的声音悦耳。
②、The weather there is not very pleasant. 那儿的天气不太宜人。
③、We had a pleasant journey to Hong Kong.
④、Father bought some cheap and pleasant wine on Thanksgiving Day.
⑤、The fish on the plate smells pleasant.
⑥、It’s pleasant for me to see you.= (I’m) pleased to see you.
⑦、The trip is pleasant.
B.- pleased 为形容词，“感到高兴”，相当于 glad 或 happy, 在句中作表语
with sb / sth 对…满意
be pleased to do sth. 乐意做某事
at doing sth/ sth 因…而快乐
that 从句 对…高兴，快乐
①、We are very pleased to see you here. 我们很高兴在这儿见到你。
②、I am pleased that they have decided to come. 我很高兴他们决定来。
③、He was pleased with my progress. 他对我的进步感到满意。
④、I am pleased at hearing the news.
to hear the news.
C.- pleasure是名词,指"快乐,愉快的事,乐趣,愿望，意向"。pleasure n. 高兴；愉快
①、I learned from them and discovered the pleasure of reading .
②、He didn't show any pleasure when I offered to go with him.
③、It is a pleasure to work with you.和你一起工作真是件乐事。
④、Business before pleasure. 先工作,后玩乐。
⑤、Has she gone to Paris on business or for pleasure 她到巴黎是办公事还是游玩去了
⑥、─Thank you so much for helping me! ─It’s my(a) pleasure. / My pleasure.
⑦、─Could you please help me move the desk ─With pleasure.
⑧、May I have the pleasure of dancing with you
⑨、She took no pleasure in her work.
⑩、It's a pleasure to meet you.
D.- please v 谢谢，讨好，使高兴
①、---Would you like another piece of cake ---Yes, please.
②、He tried to please his boss.
③、It’s impossible to please everybody.
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▲9.daily. 【9AP42】
①、adv. 日常地；每日；天天I go to the library twice daily.
Cathay Pacific flies daily nonstop to Hong Kong. 国泰航空的航班每天直飞香港。
②、 n. 日报；I like to read Chin Daily on my way home.
③、adj. 日常的；每日的 They held daily press briefings. 他们召开了每日例行的新闻发布会。
daily life 日常生活 daily necessities 日用品；生活必需品 daily work 每日作业 china daily 中国日报 people's daily 人民日报
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▲10.point
名词： 1. n. 分数，得分,点 win/lose a point赢 / 输一分
She always gets good points in any subject.不管哪一学科，她总是得高分。
He pointed to the door.
2. n. 论点；观点；见解
I don't see your point. 我不懂你的意思。 I take your point我赞同你的看法。
3. 意义;目的;用途[U][(+in/of)] There is no point in doing sth. 做某事没有意义.
There is no point in complaining. They can't do anything to help you.抱怨于事无补;他们没办法帮助你。
I don't see the point of waiting for her, she is probably not coming. 我不知道等她有什么意义，她可能不来了。
make a point of doing sth（因重要或必要）保证做，必定做
I made a point of closing all the windows before leaving the house.我离家前必定要把所有的窗子都关好。
4.重点；要点；核心问题
I'll come straight to the point : we need more money.我就直说吧：我们还需要钱。
Do you see my point (= understand) 你明白我的意思吗？
I think I missed the point (= did not understand) .我想我没听懂。
You have a point (= your idea is right) ─it would be better to wait till this evening.
你说的有道理，还是等到今天晚上比较好。
‘There won't be anywhere to park. ’ ‘Oh, that's a (good) point (= I had not thought of that) . ’
“会找不到地方停车。”“嗯，还真是。”
‘He's been married before. ’ ‘ That's beside the point (= not important) . ’“他结过婚。”“那不重要。”
I know it won't cost very much but that's not the point (= not the important thing) .我知道那花不了多少钱，但这不是重点。
5. 特点；特性；特征 Tact(圆滑) is not one of her strong points . 她不善于圆通处事。
6.时刻；关头；瞬间；阶段 （be on the point of 意思是“正要……的时候，即将……之时”，）
We were on the point of giving up. 我们当时几乎要放弃了。
We had reached the point when there was no money left.我们曾落到身无分文的地步。
At this point I don't care what you decide to do.到这个时候，我不在乎你决定要怎么做了。
7.某地方；地点 Draw a line from point A to point B. 从A点到B点画一条线。
8. 小数点；点 two point six (2.6)二点六
9.尖端；尖头 the point of a pencil/knife/pin 铅笔 / 刀 / 大头针尖
10.光点；色点 The stars were points of light in the sky. 天空中的点点光亮就是星星。
习语 if/when it comes to the point 必须作决定（或亮明观点）时
When it comes to the point, he always changes his mind.他总是临时变卦。
动词：1.（用手指头或物体）指，指向
He pointed to the spot where the house used to stand.他指出那所房子原来所在的地方。
‘What's your name ’ he asked, pointing at the child with his pen.他用笔指着小孩问：“你叫什么名字？”
She pointed in my direction.她指向我这边。
point sb/sth out (to sb)指（给某人）看
I'll point him out to you next time he comes in.他下次来的时候，我指给你看。
2. point sth (at sb/sth) =aim sth at sb/sth 瞄准 He pointed the gun at her head.他举枪对准了她的头。
3. 对着；朝向 The telescope [ tel sk p] was pointing in the wrong direction.望远镜对错了方向。
4. 指路；指点
I wonder if you could point me in the right direction for the bus station.请问您能指点我到公共汽车站往哪个方向走吗？
习语：point a/the finger (at sb) 指责
have a point 正确；中肯；有道理
I admit (that) you have a point.
You have a point — It would be better to wait till tomorrow. 你说的有道理，还是等到明天比较好。
I ways have a point and don't be afraid to express it confidently. 永远要有自己的观点.不要怕自信地表达出来!
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▲11.pioneer n. 先锋；先驱【9AP42】
①、China Young Pioneers意为“中国少年先锋队”。
②、He is a computer pioneer. 他是计算机方面的先驱。
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▲12.list 【9AP42】
A-.[v.]列表，列清单，登记
①、The teacher listed all the students' names. 老师把所有学生的名字列了表。
②、Mother listed the items she wanted to buy. 妈妈把她要买的东西列了张表。
③、His name was listed at the head of the factory's honour roll. 厂里光荣榜上,他名列榜首。
B-.[n.] 目录，表，一览表，明细表，清单，名单，名册
①、They made up a shopping list. 他们制订了一份货物采购单。
②、Does the club have a list of its all members 俱乐部里有全体成员的名单吗
③、The date of birth comes after the name in the list. 在名册上,出生日期写在姓名之后。
④、He wrote down his name on the list.他将他的名字写在名单上。
⑤、Can you give me a price list of these things
⑥、I did not see his name on the list. 我在名单上没有看到他的名字。
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▲13.mention v. 提到；说到【9AP42】
A.-vt. mention sth / sb.
①、Don’t mention the problem this evening.
②、Tom has invited many friends to his party, but he didn’t mention me
B.- mention动词，意为“提到，说到”其后可接that 引导的宾语从句。
①、Tom mentions that he often sees her in the library.
②、She forgot to mention where we should meet.
③、He mentioned that the food was invented by a Chinese. 他提到这种食物是由一个中国人发明的。
C.- mention sb./sth. (to sb.) (向某人)提起某事
①、Don't mention it before the children. 在孩子们面前提及此事。
②、Nobody mentioned anything to me about it. 没人向我提过这事。
【注】mention后不接双宾语。如：
他从未向我提及他有个女朋友。
误：He never mentioned me his girl friend.
正：He never mentioned his girl friend to me. 正：He never mentioned to me that he had a girl friend.
D.- mention doing sth.提到做某事
①、I mentioned taking a walk after supper.
②、Whenever I mention playing football, he says he’s too busy.
③、Whenever I mention having dinner together，he says he’s too busy.
无论何时我一提起 块儿吃顿饭，他就说太忙。
E.- “Don’t mention it.”主要用来回答感谢，有时也来回答道歉。
①、—Thank you very much.多谢你 了。 —Don’t mention it. 不客气。
②、— I’m sorry to trouble you. 对不起，打扰你了。 — Don’t mention it.没关系。
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▲14. by accident偶然；意外地【9AP43】
by mistake错误地
by accident偶然地，意外地，无意中
by chance 偶然地，无意中
①、I took your pen by mistake.
②、By mistake, the television company sent the letter to me.
③、Talked to a stranger you meet by chance in the wood.对一个你在树林中偶然遇到的陌生人说话。
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▲15. It is said that据说【9AP43】
句型：It ﹢is/was ﹢v.(过去分词)﹢that从句 “据……”
said据说……
reported据报道……
believed人们相信……
known众所周知……
suggested 有人建议;据建议
required 按照要求
①、It is said that the meeting will be put off till next week.
②、It was reported that many workers lost their jobs.
③、It was required that we (should) work eight hours a day.
④、It is suggested that they (should / could)set out tomorrow.
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▲16.rule -n. 规则，规定 v. 统治，支配 ruler n.统治者；支配者【9AP43】
A.- rule-n.1. 规则，规定
①、We must obey the traffic rules.
②、Don’t break the rules, or you’ll be punished.
③、The club has many rules .那个俱乐部有许多规定。
2. 习惯；常规；惯常的做法
He makes it a rule never to borrow money.他的规矩是从不向人借钱。
I go to bed early as a rule .我一贯睡得早。
B.- rule-v. 1/.统治；支配；管理；
Don’t let the desire for money rule your life.
The passion for power and success rules his whole life.
Charles ruled England for 11 years
2. 支配；控制；操纵
We live in a society where we are ruled by the clock.我们生活在一个人人都围着时间转的社会。
The passion(激情；热情；酷爱)for power and success rules his whole life. 对权力和成功的追逐影响了他一生
3.用直尺等画（线）；画（直线）
Rule a line at the end of every piece of work.在每一篇作品的末尾画一条直线。
C.- ruler[n.]统治者，支配者；尺子
①、He was the ruler of the country. 他是一国之君。
②、Could you please lend me your ruler
【拓展】：obey/keep the rule 遵守规则；break the rule=be against the rules 违反规则；
as a rule通常；一般而言 by rule按照规定 keep rules
school rules 校纪 = the rules of the school dining rules
class rules 班规 = the rules of the class family rules library rules
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▲17.boil v.【9AP43】
A.- v.1.煮沸；煮开；沸腾；
①、The kettle is boiling.壶里的水开了。
②、I’m boiling the baby’s milk.
③、Don't let the vegetables boil dry. 别让蔬菜烧干了。
2.怒火中烧；异常气愤 His idea made me boil.
He is boiling with anger. 他怒不可遏。
B.- n. 沸点
①、Heat the water to the boil.
②、The water is on the boil.水正在沸腾。
③、Bring the mixture to the boil, then let it simmer for ten minutes.
把混合物煮至沸腾, 然後再用文火煮十分钟。
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▲18.smell n. 【9AP43】
A.- n.嗅觉；气味；臭味；发出臭气的人[东西]
①、Don't let a bad smell ruin your day.
②、Do my feet smell 我的脚臭吗？
③、These dogs have a marvelous(非凡的) sense of smell.
④、people who lose their sense of smell.
⑤、The strong smell made me throw up.这强烈的气味使我呕吐了。
⑥、The dogs can find drugs by smell.这些狗能嗅出毒品来。
B.- vt.& vi.& link-v.
smell → smelt / smelt
smelled / smelled
1.系动词 有（或发出）…气味Dinner smells good.饭菜闻起来很香。
The egg smells terrible. (类似感官系动词：look, sound, taste, feel)
2. (不用于进行时；常与can或could连用) to notice or recognize a particular smell 闻到，嗅到（气味）
The dog had smelt a rabbit.狗嗅到了兔子的气味。
I could smell that the milk was not fresh.
3.闻，嗅（气味）
Smell this and tell me what you think it is.你闻一下这个，然后告诉我是什么。
I bent down to smell the flowers.我弯下腰闻花香。
4.有难闻的气味；散发着臭气
The fish has begun to smell.这鱼已经发臭了.
5.觉察出；感觉到I could smell trouble coming, so I left. 我可以觉察到要有麻烦,所以我离开了。
The reporter began to smell a good story
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▲19.describe 【9AP43】
A.- v. 描述、描写 1.describe sb./sth. 描述某人/某事。I can describe that criminal.
2. describe sb./sth. to sb. 向某人描述某人/某事。Can you describe your dream to me
B.- describe A to / for B 为B描述A；
describe A as B 把A描述/说成B；
①、Can you describe the man to me
②、She describes herself an artist.
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▲20.appear
1. 出现;显出
At last，a smile appeared on his father's face. 最后，一丝微笑出现在他爸爸的脸上。
The boy suddenly appeared from under the bed.小男孩突然从床下钻出来。
This magazine will appear next year..这杂志将明年出版。
The works appeared first as a serial in a newspaper.那部作品最初是在一家报纸上连载的。
2. 似乎；显得，比seem 更强调视觉上的看法。
appear (to be) +形容词/ 名词 It appears a true story. 这似乎是个真实的故事。
She appears (to be ) happy at the good news.她听到这好消息显得很高兴。
3. appear to do You appear to have traveled quite a lot. 你似乎已旅行过很多次了。
4.appear + that 从句It appears that he will win the prize.看来他会得奖。
3.起源；出现；首次使用
When did mammals [ m ml] appear on the earth 地球上的哺乳动物起源于何时？
This problem first appeared in the inner cities.这个问题最初在市区中心出现。
4.出版；广播His new book will be appearing in the spring.他的新书将于春季出版。
5. 演出 He has appeared in over 60 movies. 他参演了60多部电影。
6.抵达；来到 By ten o'clock Lee still hadn't appeared.到十点钟李仍然没有露面。
7.记载；提及 Your name will appear at the front of the book.你的名字将出现在书的前页。
注：appear同seem的比较：appear做系动词动词时，常指“事情或事物看起来怎么样”，同seem相似。与seem不同的是，seem表示对某事物做出判断时虽有一定的根据，但仍然有所怀疑，着重于说话人的主观感觉。而appear与look一样，是凭视觉的印象而产生的一种看法，与look不同的是这种看法与实际不相符合。
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▲21.national adj. 国家的；国民的；民族的；国立的n. 国民 【9AP43】
①、We do not comment on national economics.我们对国民经济不做评论。
②、I suggest you see some of our national parks.我建议你参观一下我们的国家公园。
③、I hope so, because the national interest demands it. 我希望如此，因为国家利益如此要求。
④、My friend and I hiked in a very wild part of the national forest.
我和我的朋友在国家森林的一个很偏僻的地方旅行。
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▲22.trade n. 贸易；交易v.做买卖；从事贸易【9AP43】
A.- n. 贸易；交易
①、China does a lot of trade with many countries.中国和许多国家进行多方面贸易。
②、Trade was very good last month.上月的交易量很大。
B.- v.1. 做买卖；从事贸易
①、I refuse to trade with that company again.我拒绝再度和那家公司做生意。
②、He trades in silk.他经营丝绸贸易。
2.互相交换；以物易物③、My deskmate wanted to trade his pen for my book.
④、You trade money for lives.你用金钱去交换生命。
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▲23.take place 发生；出现【9AP43】
①、The meeting will take place soon.会议即将举行。
②、The car accident happened at the cross three years ago.
take place一般指非偶然性事件的发生，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排；
happen “发生；碰巧”一般用于偶然或突发性事件的发生
注：二者都没有被动语态。
①、Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.
②、The Olympic Games of 2008 took place in Beijing.
③、What happened to you
④、Maybe something unexpected happened.
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▲24.doubt n. 【9AP43】
A.- n.疑惑，疑问，怀疑；悬而未定 doubt常与about/of/as to/on等介词连用。例如：
①、Haas is in doubt how to repair this machine. 哈斯不知道怎样修理这台机器。
②、We were in doubt where he has gone. 我们弄不清楚他去哪儿了。（in doubt存在疑问,拿不定主意）
③、No doubt you are wrong. 我想你是错的。(no doubt 无疑地；必定；当然)
④、There is no doubt that he will win. 我想他一定会赢。
⑤、I have no doubt of success. 我相信会成功的。
⑥、Without (a) doubt he is the cleverest student I’ve ever taught.(without doubt毫无疑问，的确)
⑦、No one has any doubt on this point. 这一点没有人会怀疑。
⑧、There is some doubt whether he will come to help us. 他是否会来帮助我们还拿不准。
B.- v. 怀疑，不确定，不信任 doubt+宾语从句
1）I doubt that...=I don’t believe that...我不相信...
2)I don’t doubt that...=I believe that...我相信...
3) I doubt if/whether...我拿不准...
4) Do you doubt that... =Do you not believe that...
①、He says he can cure me but I still doubt him.
②、You can ask him if you doubt my words.(doubt+名词或代词)
③、I don't doubt that he wrote it himself.我不怀疑那是他亲自写的。
④、We doubted him a liar. 我们怀疑他是个骗子。
⑤、We doubted her telling lies.
⑥、He doubts being able to finish in time. 他怀疑能否及时完成。
⑦、I doubt if she will change her mind.我拿不准她是否真的会改变想法。
⑧、I don't doubt that he will win.我相信他会赢。
Do you doubt that he will win 你不相信他会赢吗
C.-. doubt后面接同位语从句
（1）doubt用在否定句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句。例如：
①、I have no doubt that he will succeed. 我相信他会成功的。
②、There is no doubt that they will agree with you on this matter.
毫无疑问，他们在这件事上会同意你的意见的。
（2）doubt用在肯定句中，后面接whether引导的同位语从句。注意不可以用if替换whether。例如：
①、He had his doubts whether they would give him another chance to have a try.
他不能肯定他们是否会再给他一次机会试一试。
②、There is some doubt whether their football team will win the match.
他们的足球队会不会赢得这场比赛还不能肯定。
③、What he had done cast doubt on his honesty. 他的所作所为使人们对他的诚实产生了怀疑
D.- 由doubt组成的一些短语
in doubt怀疑；拿不定主意。
no/without/beyond doubt无疑地；必定；当然。
make no doubt of 对……毫不怀疑
throw/cast doubt on使人对……产生怀疑。
①、We are in doubt(about) what to do next. 我们不知道下一步要做什么。
②、It is no doubt difficult.这无疑是困难的。
③、No doubt he didn’t mean to hurt you. 他肯定不是有意伤害你的。
④、Without doubt this is the best. 无可置疑，这是最好的。
⑤、Beyond doubt he will give you some advice on your study.
毫无疑问，他会给你的学习作一些指导的。
⑥、We make no doubt of his sincerity. 我们对他的诚意毫不怀疑。
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▲25. drop drop-dropped-dropped-dropping 【9AP43】
动词：1. vi.1.丢下，掉下，落下：（物作主语）
The apple dropped from the tree to the ground. 苹果从树上掉到地上。
The ball dropped out of his hand. 球从他手里掉了下来。
2. 使掉下，使落下（人作主语）：
Mary dropped the vase on the floor. 玛丽失手把花瓶掉在地板上。
3. 减少，下降，下跌，减弱：
Prices dropped. 物价下跌了。 His voice dropped to a whisper. 他放低声音讲话。
The wind has dropped. 风势已减弱了。
4.丢下，放弃：You must drop smoking (the bad habit). 你必须戒烟(戒除这个坏习惯)。
Better drop the idea. 最好打消这个想法。
5.中途放下（某人）;中途卸下（某物）
He dropped me outside the hotel... 他把我送到了酒店。
6. 垂下（眼睛）；垂视[单独使用的动词]
Her eyes dropped to her lap.她双目低垂，看着自己的腿。
7. 急剧倾斜而下
In front of them the valley dropped sharply away from the road.他们前面的山谷从路旁急剧倾斜而下。
8. drop sb/sth (from sth) 遗漏；省略；不予考虑
She's been dropped from the team because of injury.她因受伤而未被列入队员名单。
9.不再与（某人）往来；同（某人）断绝联系
She's dropped most of her old friends.她已与多数老朋友停止了来往。
10.(疲惫地)垂下,低垂,垂落
Nancy dropped into a nearby chair... 南希疲惫地瘫坐到近处的椅子上。
She let her head drop... 她低垂着头。
11. 累倒;累垮 She looked about to drop... 她看上去快要累垮了。
You have to run until you drop. 一直跑到你跑不动为止。
12.输掉 If you drop a game or part of a game in a sports competition, you lose it.
Oremans has yet to drop a set. 奥尔曼斯还一局未输。
6. 用法辨析drop, fall
(1)表示从高处往下掉或降，两者有时可互换：
The temperature has dropped [fallen]. 气温降低了。
The glass dropped(或 fell)out of her hand. 杯子从她手里掉了下来。
He dropped(或 fell)to the ground. 他摔倒在地上。
(2) fall表示“落下”，多指无意识的行为，有自然坠落之意，且通常是不及物动词；
drop 既可指无意的行为，即表示“落下”(不及物)，也可指有意的行为，即表示“投下”(及物)，如下例就不宜用fall：He dropped the letter into the mail-box. 他把信投入信箱。
名词.- drop可用作名词“滴”
①、to the last drop of one’s blood (死而后生)
②、a few drops of rain.
③、drop by drop
④、in drops一滴一滴地
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▲26drop短语用法
◇drop in顺便拜访，串门
Please drop in to see us if you are in Bradford. 如果你到布拉福特，请顺便来看看我们。
顺便拜访某地at：She dropped in at his office. 她去了他办公室找他。
顺便拜访某人可用on：
I thought I’d drop in on you while I was passing. 我曾想路过时就来看看你。
◇drop sb a line 给某人写封短信：
Drop me a line to say when you’re coming. 给我写封短信告诉我你来的时间。
◇drop off (1)打瞌睡：(2)减少，下降，散去：◇drop someone off： 让...下车
④、I dropped off and missed the end of the film. 我打了个瞌睡，把影片的结尾给错过了。
⑤、Flowers are dropping off. 花朵在凋落。
⑥、His friends dropped off one by one. 他的朋友一个一个地走了。
◇drop by/in/round/| drop into sth 顺便访问；顺便进入
I have to drop by the bank to get some money.
Would you drop by when you are in town
I'll drop by later to check on you.
Please drop in to see us if you are in Bradford. 如果你到布拉福特，请顺便来看看我们。
We’ll drop over this evening. 我们今晚来。
My sister dropped around last night. 昨晚我姐姐顺便来看了我。
Only very close friends drop by unannounced. 只有非常亲密的朋友才可能不请自来。
Sorry we're late─we dropped into the pub on the way.对不起，我们迟到了——我们半路上顺便到酒馆坐了坐。
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▲27.low adj. 低的；矮的【9AP44】
at a low price 英语中买卖的物品以“贵、贱”论，即expensive/dear或cheap;物品的价格以“高、低”论,即high或low.
提问price 时应用what(多少) 。 What’s the price of that dress？那件衣服多少钱？相当于：How
much is that dress？/How much 需用what提问“多少”的还有 population/area/ size/length /width/ height/weight等名词。
①、You couldn’t own the car at a low price.
②、It’s too expensive, I don’t want to pay such a high price. 这太贵了,我不愿付这么高的价钱。
③、We have to face the rise in prices.
④、The people wanted peace at any price. 人民不惜付出任何代价也要争取和平。
⑤、Prices keep going up. 物价持续上涨。
⑥、The country paid a heavy price for her independence. 该国为独立付出了沈重的代价。
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▲28.somebody porn. 某人，有人n. 重要人物，大人物，有名气的人【9AP44】
①、Somebody gave me a ticket for a pop concert.
②、There is somebody who needs your help.
③、He thinks he is somebody in his own village.
④、He is somebody, not nobody.
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▲29.translate v.翻译 translator[n.]翻译者，译者 translation[n.]译文，译本【9AP44】
①、We translated the passage from English into Chinese.
②、Can you translate this sentence into Chinese
③、Most Chinese novels don’t translate easily.
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▲30.all of a sudden突然地,突如其来地,猛然地(suddenly) 【9AP44】
sudden[n.]突发之事；[adj.]突然的，忽然的，出乎意料的
①、I was sitting quietly reading when all of a sudden a stone came hurling through the window.
②、The boy began crying all of a sudden.那男孩忽然哭了起来。
③、This marriage is very sudden—they've only known each other a few weeks.
④、He made a sudden stop. 他突然停了下来。
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▲31.lock v.锁上；锁住 n.锁【9AP44】
A.- v. 1.锁，给…上锁； ①、Don’t forget to lock the door when you go out. (vt.)
②、Is the gate locked ③、This window won’t lock. (vi.)
2.（使）固定，卡住，塞住
The brakes locked and the car skidded.汽车刹车抱死，车在原地打滑。
He locked his helmet into position with a click.他喀哒一声把头盔扣好。
3. be locked in/into sth陷入，卷入（困境、争论、争执等）
The two sides are locked into a bitter dispute. 双方陷入了激烈的争论。
4. be locked together/in sth 被紧紧抓住（或抱住）
They were locked in a passionate embrace.他们热烈地拥抱在一起
B.- n. 锁
①、I bought a new lock last Sunday.
②、Please open the lock with the key.
③、He left the key in the lock.
C.- under lock and key 上了锁的，安全的；
①、 The papers are kept under lock and key. 那些文件被严密的保藏着。
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▲32.ring-rang-rung 【9AP44】
A.- n. 1.戒指；指环 Friendship is much more important to me than a stupid old ring!
友谊对我来说可比一个破戒指重要得多!
2.环状物；圈形的东西 a key ring钥匙环curtain rings窗帘环
3.圆形标记；圆形
She had dark rings around her eyes from lack of sleep.她因为缺觉，眼圈儿都黑了。
The children sat on the floor in a ring.孩子们围成一圈，坐在地板上。
4.围成一圈的人（或物）
They then formed a ring around the square. 然后他们在广场周围围成了一圈。
Frank took a large ring of keys from his pocket.　　弗兰克从口袋里掏出一大串钥匙。
5.圆形表演场（或竞技场）
He will never again be allowed inside a British boxing ring. 他被永久禁止踏入英国拳击赛场。
6. 铃声；钟声；摇铃；敲钟There was a ring at the door.门铃响了。
7.（言语、声音等的）特性His explanation has a ring of truth about it.他的解释听上去真实可信。
The story had a familiar ring to it.这个故事听起来耳熟。
B.-动词
1.ring sb/sth (with sth) 包围；环绕
Thousands of demonstrators ringed the building.成千上万的示威者包围了大楼。
2.绕…画圆；把…圈起来=circle
Ring the correct answer in pencil. 用铅笔圈出正确答案。
3.ring sb/sth (up)= telephone sb/sth 给…打电话
I'll ring you up later. 我以后再给你打电话。
4.（使）发出钟声，响起铃声 Someone was ringing the doorbell.有人在按门铃。
The church bells rang.教堂的钟声响了。
5. ring (with sth) (literary) 回响；响彻
The house rang with children's laughter.屋子里回响着孩子们的笑声。
The village rang with the joy of Christmas . 村子里充满了圣诞节的快乐。
Applause rang through the hall.掌声响彻整个大厅。
6.充满 His words rang with pride.他的话充满了骄傲。
7.. 嗡嗡作响
The music was so loud it made my ears ring. 音乐的声音太大了，震得我的耳朵嗡嗡响。
短语：①、ring a bell听起来耳熟 ②、ring in your ears/head在耳边回响
③、ring sb. back回电话 ④、ring off挂断电话
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▲33.less than不到； 少于 【9AP44】
①、He got here less than a week.
②、It took less than one year to build the new building.
③、Jack is less than 20 years old.
④、Five is less than seven.
【注】：no less than 不少于；不亚于 not less than 至少=at least
①、There were no less than fifty students in the class.教室里有五十名同学之多。
②、He has no less than 1000 dollars. 他拥有不下1000美元。
③、He has not less than 1000 dollars. 他至少有1000 美元。
④、There are not less than 50 students in the classroom.
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▲34.work out / work on / work at / work with 【9AP44】
A.- work out
1.详细拟定；We must work out a plan acceptable to all as quickly as we can．
2.计算出；演算；解决；I'll give you five minutes to work out this problem．
③、Have you worked out what I owe you yet？
3.（理解；看出；判断）It's a very strange situation．I can't work it out
⑤、I can't work out the meaning of this poem．我弄不懂这首诗的含义。
4.用尽；枯竭；采掘完The old mine is completely worked out．那座老矿山已经被开采尽了。
⑦、She was worked out，having done the experiment for seven hours running．
5.结果是；IDon't despair！Everything will work out all right in the end．
别灰心！一切最终都会圆满解决的。
The car repairs work out at ￡57．汽车修理费总共是57镑。
6.锻炼身体；做运动 I work out regularly to keep fit.我经常做运动以保持健康。
7.work sb out 了解，理解（某人的性格）
I've never been able to work her out.我从未能摸准她的秉性。
B.-work on
1.继续工作，不断工作; 致力于，从事于;
He has been working on (busy writing) a new novel for over a year.
He worked on deep into the night.
The director worked on in the office until ten o'clock last night.
主任昨晚在办公室工作到十点。
2.使人信服;说服; 对…发生影响，对…起作用;
In order to make him accept our suggestion, I decided to work on him immediately.
为了让他接受我们的建议，我决定立刻对他做工作。
The doctor told him that this kind of medicine may work on him.
医生对他说这种药对他可能有效。
3.在…上雕刻；在…上绣制
She worked a dragon on the new linen cloth. 她在新的亚麻布上绣了条龙。
C.-work at 在某方面苦干；钻研
①、She worked hard at her studies.
②、He is working hard at at a new book.
③、They have worked at this subject for several years.
D.-work with 与 ... 共事； 与 ... 合作；对 ... 起作用，对…产生影响，对…有效
①、He is the last man that I want to work with.
②、I work with monotony.我工作很单调。
③、It was a privilege to work with him. 和他在一起工作是一项殊荣。
④、We can't always combine work with pleasure. 我们并不总是能在工作中享受到乐趣。
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▲35.note A.- n.
①、You’d better take notes when in class .(笔记)
②、Tom opened the note from his cousin.(便条)
③、There are some notes at the end of the article.(注解)
④、The little boy asked his mother for a $ 10 note.(纸币)
⑤、please take notes of the important while you read. ( 注意到；将…铭记在心)
⑥、单音；音调；音符
He played the first few notes of the tune.他演奏了这支曲子开始的几个音。
⑦正式文件；票据；证明书a sick note from your doctor医生开据的病假证明
注意到；将…铭记在心Take note of what he says.牢记他说的话。
⑧(说话的)声调，语气
There was a note of amusement in his voice.听他的口气，是觉得很有意思。
B.-v.注意、留意。
①、Please note that everyone comes here on time.
②、Did you note who came into my room just now
note /write…down.（写下）
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▲36.crispy adj. 新鲜的；干燥的；干脆的；斩钉截铁【9AP45】
1.脆的；酥脆；易碎的①、；a crispy biscuit /toast. ②、The snow was crispy under the foot.
2. 凉爽的；清新的；干燥寒冷让人舒畅的
a crispy winter morning冬天一个寒冷的早晨
The air was crispy and clear and the sky was blue.空气清新，天空碧蓝。
3.( 雪、树叶等)（压碎时发出）脆响的 deep, crispy snow踩上去咯吱作响的积雪
4.(声音、图像等) pleasantly clear and sharp 清脆悦耳的；清晰分明的
The recording sounds very crispy, considering its age.考虑到这录音已年代久远，听起来声音还是挺清楚的。
5.( 说话的方式) 简短干脆的（表明某人忙或不友好）
Her answer was crispy, and she gave no details.她的回答简短而干脆，没有提供细节。
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▲37.salty adj.咸的 【9AP45】
A.-salt[n. / adj. / v.]
①、Too much salt is not good for your health.
②、Don’t rub salt in a person’s wounds.
③、table salt 精制食盐 sea salt 海盐，粗盐
④、salt water 咸水 salt pork 咸 / 腌猪肉
⑤、My mother often salts down much pork before Spring Festival. [v.] 撒上盐，加盐调味，腌制…
B.-salty 1.含盐的；咸的 2. 有趣的；逗笑的；有趣而略嫌粗俗的
①、The soup tastes quite salty.
②、The dish is too salty.
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▲38.sour adj. 酸的；有酸味的【9AP45】
adj.有酸味的; 敌对的; 坏脾气的; 别扭的;
vi.变酸，变馊; 发酵; 厌烦; 败坏;
vt.变坏，恶化; 使变酸; 使失望;
n.酸味; 苦事;
第三人称单数：sours过去分词：soured最高级：sourest现在进行时：souring
比较级：sourer过去式：soured
①、The milk has turned sour. [adj.]酸的，酸味的
②、The yogurt tastes very sour.
③、He looked very sour yesterday. [adj.]坏脾气的，不高兴的
④、Their relationship soon went sour. [adj.](口语)事情变得不顺利，令人失望
⑤、The hot weather has soured the milk. [v.]使…变酸
⑥、His personality has soured. [v.]变坏
⑦、A case of sour grapes from a laggard 这是落后者的酸葡萄心理吗？
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▲39.divide [v.]分开，划分【9AP46】
1- 把…分成…divide...into... 把.....分成....
①、I’ll divide the birthday cake into eight shares.
2- 与…分…divide ....in half 把.....分成两份
divided ... between / among sb 在....之间分配...
②、We divided a bag of cookies among / between us.
③、I divided the nice food with my friends.
3-divide A from B (formal) 使分离；使分开
Can it ever be right to divide a mother from her child 让母子分离难道还有对的时候？
~ sth (off) | ~ A from B 是…的分界线；分隔；把…隔开
A fence divides off the western side of the grounds.篱笆把庭院的西面隔开。
A low wall divides our garden from our neighbor’s.
4. 使产生分歧；使意见不一 The issue has divided the government.这个问题在政府中引起了意见分歧。
5. …除… Fifteen divided by three is five.
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▲40.popularity n.受欢迎；普及；流行；声望【9AP46】
①、His popularity among working people remains as strong as ever.
②、Her books have been in popularity recently.
③、Golf has gained popularity among the wealthy in my country.
___________________________________________________________________________________________▲41.look up to钦佩，仰慕;看得起 反义短语：look down upon / on轻视，瞧不起 【9AP46】
①、In the old society, who would look up to us 在旧社会谁还会看得起我们？
②、You should look up to the old people who are knowledgeable.
③、He couldn’t help sighing deeply, looking up to the sky.（仰天长叹）
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▲42.hero n. 英雄；男主角【9AP46】
o结尾的名词变复数顺口溜
1）有生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时，词尾加es，凡无生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时，词尾加s。
有生命：potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, hero-heroes, negro--negroes
如无生命：zoo-zoos, radio-radios, photo-photos, piano-pianos, zero-zeros, bamboo（竹竿）--bamboos, tobacco（烟丝）--tobaccos1）
2）两人两菜一火山。（+es）
以o结尾的名词构成复数时，加es的只有negro（黑人），hero（英雄），potato（土豆），tomato（西红杮），volcano（火山），这就是“两人两菜一火山”。 或：黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿negroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes）
3）其余以o结尾的名词变复数时均加s。
你在“zoo”里，看见一要“bamboo”，上面挂着一张“photo”，所照的是一架“piano”，上面放着一台“radio”。
zoo-zoos , bamboo-bamboos, photo-photos piano-pianos, radio-radios.
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▲43.encourage v.鼓励 【8BP67】 【9AP46】
1 v鼓励 n. encouragement
encourage sb. to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
Banks actively encourage people to borrow money. 银行积极鼓动人们贷款。
encouraging 令人鼓舞的； 振奋人心的[名词前不常用]
You could try being a little more encouraging! 你可以试着多给人一些鼓励嘛！
encourage sb. in sth 在某方面鼓励某人
当encourage之后直接为所做之事时，则为encourage doing…，要用v. –ing的形式。
My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career.在我选择职业时父母总是鼓励我。
2 促进；助长；刺激 Music and lighting are used to encourage shoppers to buy more.
用音乐和灯光刺激购物者买更多的东西。
3 鼓动；劝说；怂恿 We want to encourage people to go fishing, not put them off...
我们希望鼓励人们去垂钓，而不是打消他们的热情。
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▲44.nearly 与almost的用法区别
A.- 两者都可用来修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等，此时两者常可换用：
①、It’s almost [nearly] impossible. 那几乎是不可能的。
②、He almost [nearly] always arrives late. 他差不多总是迟到。
③、He fell and almost [nearly] broke his leg. 他摔了一跤，险些摔断了腿。
B.- almost 可用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never 等否定词之前，但 nearly 一般不这样用：但是，两者都可用在否定动词之前：
①、Almost any man can do it. 几乎任何人都会做。
②、Almost no one came to the party. 几乎没有人来参加晚会。
③、He almost [nearly] didn’t catch the bus. 他差点没赶上公共汽车。
C.- nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰，但 almost 之前不能用这些词：
①、It’s not nearly so difficult as you think. 这远不像你想像的那么难。
【注】not nearly 意为“远非”, very [pretty] nearly 意为“几乎”，都是习语。
D.- 有时 almost 可表示十分相似(但又不完全相同)，此时不用 nearly：
①、I almost wish I’d stayed at home. I almost wish I’d stayed at home. 我真有点后悔没在家里呆着。
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▲e up with= think out 想出；提出；提供 （无被动语态）【P31】
①、He couldn’t come up with an answer when I asked him why he was late.
②、He has come up with a good idea.
③、Un often comes up with food, books and something else to the children in the world.
④、She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
⑤、I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.
【注】：A.- come up 长出地面；太阳升起；发生；出现；中彩
①、My number came up and I won $ 100000.
②、We watched the sun come up.
③、The rice are just beginning to come up.
B.- catch/keep up with 赶上
①、You walk on and I’ll catch up with you.
②、Li Ping has caught up with his classmates.
③、If you work hard, you’ll catch up with other students.
C.-与come有关的短语：
come from come before/after come first/last/top come true come along
come out come to oneself come down come on come to an end 终止