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新人教版必修第一册 Unit 5知识清单
重 点 单 词 1.despite prep.即使;尽管 2.struggle n.&vi. 斗争;奋斗;搏斗 3.attitude n. 态度;看法 4.means n. 方式;方法;途径 5.character n. 文字;符号;角色;品质;特点 6.affair n. 公共事务;事件;关系 7.native adj. 出生地的;本地的;土著的 n.本地人 8.factor n. 因素;要素 9.gap n. 间隔;开口;差距 10.classic adj. 传统的;最优秀的;典型的 n. 经典作品;名著 11.dialect n. 地方话;方言 12.vocabulary n. 词汇 13.tongue n. 舌头;语言 14.billion n. 十亿 15.calligraphy n. 书法;书法艺术 16.bone n. 骨头;骨(质) 17.carve vt.&vi. 雕刻 18.shell n. 壳;壳状物 19.dynasty n. 王朝;朝代 20.apartment n. 公寓套房 21.semester n. 学期 22.gas n. 汽油;气体;燃气 23.petrol n. 汽油 24.subway n. 地铁 25.pants n.(pl.) 内裤;短裤;裤子
词 汇 拓 展 1.refer vi. 提到;参考;查阅 vt. 查询;叫……;求助于→reference n. 参考→referred/referred/referring (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 2.base vt. 以……为据点;以……为基础 n. 底部;根据→based adj. 以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的→basic adj. 基本的;基础的→basically adv.根本上;基本上 3.demand n. 要求;需求 vt. 强烈要求;需要 vi. 查问→demanding adj. 要求高的;苛求的 4.variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化→vary vi. 不同;变化→various adj. 不同的;各种各样的→varied adj. 多变的 5.appreciate vt. 欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi. 增值→appreciation n. 欣赏;感激;领会;重视 6.equal n. 同等的人;相等物 adj. 相同的;同样的→equally adv. 相同地;同样地→equality n. 平等 7.regard n. 尊重;关注 vt. 把……视为;看待→regarding prep. 关于 8.beg vt.恳求;祈求;哀求→beggar n.乞丐 9.global adj. 全球的;全世界的→globally adv.全球地;全世界地→globe n.全球;球状物;地球仪 10.specific adj. 特定的;明确的;具体的→specifically adv. 特定地;明确地;具体地 11.description n. 描写(文字);形容→describe vt. 描述;描写 12.relate vt. 联系;讲述→related adj. 相关的;有联系的→relation n. 关系;联系 13.system n.体系;制度;系统→systematic adj. 系统的→systematically adv.系统地 14.major adj. 主要的;重要的;大的 n. 主修课程;主修学生 vi. 主修;专门研究→majority n. 多数;大多数 15.symbol n. 符号;象征→symbolic adj. 象征的;象征性的→symbolise vt. 象征;是……的象征
重 点 短 语 1．refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅 2．ups and downs浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 3．date back (to...)追溯到 4．no matter where，who，what，etc.不论……；不管…… 5．point of view观点；看法 6．relate to与……相关；涉及；谈到
重 点 句 型 1．There are many reasons why this has been possible，but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.这之所以成为可能有很多原因，其中一个主要因素就是中国书法体系。 2．Over the years，the system developed into different forms，as it was a time when people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.多年来，人们按地域划分，使得书法体系发展成了不同的形式，从而导致多种方言和汉字的形成。 3．Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。 4．I used to get high marks in English，but now I’m having a lot of trouble with my listening. 过去我英语成绩很好，但现在我在听力方面有很多困难。 5．I also repeat what I hear to help myself to experience the feeling of the language. 为了帮助自己体会语言的情感，我也重复自己听到的内容。
课文语法填空
China is 1 (wide) known for its ancient civilisation, which has continued all the way until now. One of the main 2 (factor) of this is the Chinese writing system.
Several thousand years ago, written Chinese was based 3 pictures. Ancient Chinese people carved symbols on animal bones and shells.
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols 4 (become) a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as people lived in different places, 5 (lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters.
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. The writing system played 6 important part in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with 7 (it) past. People in modern times can read the classic works 8 (write) by Chinese in ancient times.
As China plays a greater role in 9 (globe) affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese 10 appreciate China’s culture and history.
【答案】
1．widely 2．factors 3．on 4．had become 5．leading 6．an 7．its 8．written 9．global 10．and
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国书写系统的发展历史。
1．考查副词。句意：中国以其一直延续至今的古老文明而广为人知。空处修饰形容词known，应用副词形式作状语，widely是副词，表示“广泛地”，符合题意。故填widely。
2．考查名词。句意：其中一个主要因素是中国的书写体系。“one of+复数可数名词”为固定搭配，表示“……之一”，所以空处应用名词的复数形式factors。故填factors。
3．考查介词。句意：几千年前，中国文字是以绘画为基础的。be based on为固定短语，表示“以……为基础”，所以空处应用介词on。故填on。
4．考查时态。句意：到了商代，这些符号已经成为一个发达的书写体系。根据时间状语By the Shang Dynasty可知，此处指在过去某一时间之前完成的动作，句子应用过去完成时，即had become。故填had become。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：多年来，由于人们生活在不同的地方，这个系统发展成了不同的形式，导致了许多不同的方言和文字。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，结合语意，系统发展成不同的形式，自然而然的结果是导致许多不同的方言和文字，所以空处应用现在分词形式leading作结果状语。故填leading。
6．考查冠词。句意：书写体系在团结中国人民和文化方面发挥了重要作用。play an important part in为固定短语，表示“在……中起重要作用”，important是元音音素开头的单词，前边使用不定冠词an。故填an。
7．考查代词。句意：书面汉语也成为连接中国现在和过去的重要手段。结合语意可知，此处表示“它的过去”，空处应用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”，符合题意。故填its。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：现代人可以阅读中国古代人所著的经典作品。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，write与逻辑主语classic works之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式written作后置定语。故填written。
9．考查形容词。句意：随着中国在全球事务中发挥越来越大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始学习汉语，欣赏中国的文化和历史。空处修饰名词affairs，应用形容词形式作定语，global是形容词，表示“全球的”，符合题意。故填global。
10．考查连词。句意：随着中国在全球事务中发挥越来越大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始学习汉语，欣赏中国的文化和历史。结合语意可知，“学习汉语”与“欣赏中国文化和历史”之间是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
知识点
1.based adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的
[教材原句] At the beginning,written Chinese was a picture-based language.(P62) 最初,书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。
【词块必记】
(1)base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础 n.底部;根据
base...on/upon...把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon以……为基础;依据……
at the base of在……底部
(2)basic adj.基本的;基础的
basis n.基础;基本原则
on the basis of在……基础上;基于……
on a regular basis 定期
[近义] bottom, foundation
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)Please do remember that success is based ______ hard work.
(2)The study ______(base) on data from 2,100 college students.
(3)Contact with other people is a ______ (base) human need.
(4) ______ (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason,you will regret it sooner or later.
(5)You’ll be able to choose a room ______ (base) on your own personal tastes.
(6)To learn a language well, you should first master its ________ (base) grammar rules.
(7)They made the decision ________ (base) on scientific research, not personal preference.
(8)It’s necessary to conduct safety checks ________ a regular basis in factories.
[写美句]——句式升级
(9) The documentary is based on a true story about traditional crafts. It has won many awards.
→ ________________________, the documentary has won many awards.（分词作状语）
(10) 完成句子---这个研究项目基于十年的实地调查，可信度很高。
This research project ________________________ ten years of fieldwork, so it is highly reliable.
答案: （1）on （2）was based （3）basic （4）Basing（5） based (6) basic (7) based (8) on
(9) Based on a true story about traditional crafts (10) is based on
【高考真题链接】
2024 年新高考 II 卷（语法填空）
The film, which ________ (base) on the life of a rural teacher, has sparked widespread discussion about education equality.
答案：is based
解析：考查be based on被动结构，“电影以乡村教师的生活为基础”，贴合 “文化 + 社会话题” 高考语境。
2023 年浙江卷（完形填空）
The course design is ________ (base) on students’ practical needs, focusing on hands-on skills.
答案：based
解析：考查be based on作表语，“课程设计基于学生实际需求”，体现 “教育场景” 的考点应用。
2.variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化
[教材原句] Over the years,the system developed into different forms,as it was a time when people were divided geographically,leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.(P62) 多年以来,这种书写体发展成不同的形式,因为在那段时间,由于人们在地理上的分裂,方言和文字的多样性也随之产生。
【词块必记】
(1)a variety of＝varieties of 种类繁多的
(2)various adj．不同的；各种各样的
(3)vary vt.&.vi．改变；变化
vary from... to... 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
vary in... 在……方面丰富多样
vary with... 随着……的变化而变化
[名师点津]
a variety of (varieties of)既可修饰复数可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。该短语修饰复数可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;修饰不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①One of the advantages is that we can find _________ (variety) topics，such as science，culture and history.
②The research team is made up of the pupils, whose ages ______ (various) from 10 to 15.
③There are ___________(variety) of reasons in favour of my opinion that a Chinese dictionary shouldn’t include English words.
④The exhibition shows ________ (variety) forms of Chinese folk art, from paper-cutting to shadow puppetry.
⑤Temperatures in this area ________ (vary) from 5℃ in winter to 35℃ in summer.
⑥A ________ (vary) of books on environmental protection are available in the school library.
⑦Our school offers ________ (various) after-school activities. The number of students joining each activity ________ (vary) a lot—some have 50 members, while others have only 10.
答案:①various ②vary ③varieties ④various ⑤vary ⑥variety
⑦various varies
【高考真题链接】
2025 年全国甲卷（语法填空）
The region is known for its ________ (vary) wildlife, including rare birds and endangered plants.
答案：various
解析：考查various作定语，“该地区以多样的野生动物闻名”，贴合 “生态保护” 高考热点。
2024 年北京卷（阅读理解 C 篇）
A variety of factors, such as diet and exercise, ________ (affect) people’s physical health.
答案：affect
解析：考查a variety of + 复数名词的主谓一致，谓语用复数，体现语法细节考点。
3.equal n. 同等的人;相等物 vt. 相同的;同样的
[教材原句] ...our relationship is close and we’re equals,so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us.(P66)……我们的关系很亲密,并且我们是平等的,因此我只需说几个字,就能消除我们之间的距离。
【词块必记】
(1)the equal of与……相等/匹敌
be without equal=have no equal无与伦比
(2)equal sb/sth in(doing) sth在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物
(3)be equal to sth/doing sth等于/胜任(做)某事
be equal in sth在某方面平等/相同
(4)unequal adj.不相等的;不平等的
equality n.平等;相等
equally adv.相等地;同等地;公平地
[联想] 表示“胜任……”的其他表达：
①be up to；②be fit for；③be qualified for
近义词：rival（竞争对手，可与之匹敌者）, opponent (对手，竞争者）， match（可与之匹敌者）
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)China has always insisted that all countries,big or small,should be _______ (equality).
(2)Men and women must be treated _______ (equal) in education and employment.
(3) Men and women should be treated ________ (equal) in the workplace, regardless of their positions.
(4) She proved that she was ________ (equal) to the task by finishing it ahead of schedule.
(5) The government has taken measures to promote ________ (equal) in education for rural and urban students.
(6)我认为自己能胜任志愿者工作，因为我熟悉跨文化沟通技巧。
I believe I ________ the volunteer work because I am familiar with cross-cultural communication skills.
(7) Her ability in public speaking is no less than his.
→ She ________ him in public speaking ability.
答案:(1)equal (2)equally(3) to (4）equal （5）equality （6）am equal to (7） equals
【高考真题链接】
2023 年新课标 I 卷（语法填空）
Everyone, whether young or old, has the right to ________ (equal) of opportunity in education.
答案：equality
解析：考查equality作名词，“教育机会平等的权利”，贴合 “社会公平” 高考话题。
2025 年全国乙卷（完形填空）
He is confident that he can ________ the challenge, as he has rich experience in similar projects.
A. equal B. face C. meet D. accept
答案：A
解析：考查equal the challenge（胜任挑战），干扰项meet the challenge虽常见，但题干强调 “与挑战匹敌”，equal更贴合语境。
4.appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会
[教材原句]As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.(P62)
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
【语境巧练】
写出下列句中appreciate的含义
①The happiest are not those who own all the best things ,but those who can appreciate the beauty of life．______
②I appreciate the difficulty you are faced with but I don’t think I can help you．______
③I would much appreciate it if you would arrange this for me．______
【词块必记】
(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.-ing 重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if... 假如……，我将不胜感激
appreciate＋that/wh-从句 理解/意识到……
(3)express/convey one's appreciation to sb. 向某人表达感激之情
注意：appreciate后不能用不定式，而要用动词－ing形式作宾语。当appreciate，hate，dislike，love，like，depend/rely on等词(组)后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
(1)I’d appreciate ____ if could give me a bit of good advice.
(2)Chinese calligraphy has won the ______________(appreciate) of a lot of people outside China.
(3)I appreciate ____________(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
(4) I really appreciate ________ (invite) to your birthday party—it was a wonderful evening.
(5) I would appreciate ________ if you could send me the meeting agenda in advance.
[写美句]——应用文之感谢信
(6) 我写信是为了感谢你在我备考期间提供的帮助，你的支持让我充满动力。
I’m writing to ________ your help during my exam preparation—your support kept me motivated.
句型转换
(7) Your timely reply would be greatly appreciated.
→ We would ________ if you could reply in time.
【语境巧练】①欣赏 ②理解 ③感激
【即时练】(1)it (2)appreciation (3) being given (4) being invited (5) it (6) express my appreciation for (7) appreciate it if
【高考真题链接】
2024 年新高考 I 卷（应用文写作）
高分范文片段：I would appreciate it if you could share more details about the traditional art workshop, such as the time and location.
解析：考查I would appreciate it if...句式，贴合应用文 “请求信息” 的场景，语法准确且自然。
2023 年浙江卷（语法填空）
Her contribution to the community was widely ________ (appreciate), and she was awarded “Model Citizen”.
答案：appreciated
解析：考查被动语态，“她的贡献被广泛认可”，体现 “社会贡献” 的高考话题。
如果方便时你能尽快回复我的信件，我将感激不尽。
5.demand n. 要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要 vi.查问
[教材原句] But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me,I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question,not a demand.(P66) 但是,如果我和一个不是很亲近的人交谈,我必须把我的请求说的时间长一些——我必须确保这是请求,而不是一个要求。
【词块必记】
(1)demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand of sb to do sth. 要求某人做某事
demand sth. of/from sb. 向某人要某物
demand that.../it is demanded that...(should)+动词原形 要求……
(2)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy/serve one’s demands (for sth) 满足某人(对……)的需求
(3)demanding adj.要求高的;费力的
[名师点津]
(1)demand的主语是物时,常用demand doing或demand to be done结构。
(2)“要求某人做……”不可用demand sb to do...,但可用demand of sb to do...。
(3)demand后通常不接双宾语。
【即时练】
单句语法填空（虚拟语气重点）
(1) The workers demanded that their working conditions ________ (improve) immediately.
(2) This type of smart phone is in great ________ (demand) because of its low price and high performance.
(3) Teaching is a ________ (demand) job that requires patience and creativity.
完成句子（职场场景）
(4) 公司要求所有员工在月底前完成培训，以适应新系统。
The company demanded that all employees ________ the training before the end of the month to adapt to the new system.
短文填空（社会需求）
(5) With the development of elderly care services, the demand for professional nurses ________ (increase) rapidly in recent years.
答案: (1) (should) be improved (2) demand (3) demanding (4) (should) finish (5) has increased解析
(1) (should) be improved：“demand that...” 从句用虚拟语气（“should + 动词原形”，“should” 可省略），“working conditions” 与 “improve” 为被动关系，故用 “(should) be improved”，考点为 “虚拟语气 + 被动语态”，贴合 “职场权益” 场景。
(2) demand：固定短语 “in great demand”（急需），“demand” 为名词，考点为 “固定短语”，体现 “产品需求” 场景（智能手机）。
(3) demanding：形容词作定语，修饰 “job”，“demand” 的形容词形式为 “demanding”（要求高的），考点为 “词性转换（动词→形容词）”，贴合 “职业描述（教师）” 场景。
(4) (should) finish：“demand that...” 从句虚拟语气，“employees” 与 “finish” 为主动关系，故用 “(should) finish”，考点为 “虚拟语气”，用于 “公司管理” 场景。
(5) has increased：主语 “the demand” 为单数，“in recent years” 提示用现在完成时，考点为 “时态（现在完成时）+ 主谓一致”，贴合 “社会需求（养老服务）” 热点。
【高考真题链接】
2025 年全国甲卷（语法填空）
It is demanded that all participants ________ (wear) safety helmets during the outdoor activity.
答案：(should) wear
解析：考查demand后的虚拟语气，“要求参与者戴安全帽”，贴合 “安全防护” 场景，虚拟语气为高考高频考点。
2024 年全国乙卷（阅读理解 B 篇）
The demand for organic food has risen by 30% in the past year, as more people pay attention to health.
解析：考查demand for sth.（对某物的需求），体现 “健康生活” 的高考热点，理解名词搭配即可解题。
6.regard n. 尊重;关注 vt. 把……视为;看待
[教材原句] The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form,known as Chinese calligraphy,which has become an important part of Chinese culture.(P62) 对汉字书写体系的高度重视在汉字作为一种艺术形式的发展过程中可以看出来,这种被称为中国书法的艺术形式已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。
【词块必记】
(1)the (high)regard for...对……(高度)尊重
in this/that regard在这/那点上
in/with regard to...关于某人(某事),在这点上
give one’s regards (to sb)代某人(向某人)问好
as regards关于;至于(后接名词或从句作宾语)
(2)regard with以(某种心态)来看(某人或某事)
regard...as...把……看作……
(3)regardless of 不管；不顾
(4)regarding prep.关于,至于,就……而论
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)Please give my best ________(regard) to other friends who come to the dinner.
(2)With regard ________ my favourite Chinese poet,I’d like to introduce Du Fu to you.
(3)The Spring Festival ________(regard) as the most important festival for Chinese people.
(4)The Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient,regardless ______ time and space.
(5) Confucius is widely regarded ________ one of the greatest thinkers in Chinese history.
(6) With regard ________ your application, we will inform you of the result within three working days.
(7) He decided to take the job regardless ________ the low salary, as it offered valuable experience.
句式升级（文化话题）
(8) Chinese calligraphy is considered an important part of traditional culture. It is loved by many people.
→ Chinese calligraphy, ________________________ an important part of traditional culture, is loved by many people.（分词作定语）
完成句子（社交场景）
(9) 请代我向你的父母问好，感谢他们上次的热情招待。
Please ________ your parents, and thank them for their warm hospitality last time.
答案: (1) regards (2) to (3) is regarded (4) of (5) as
(6) to (7) of (8) regarded as (9) give my regards to
【高考真题链接】
2023 年新课标 II 卷（语法填空）
Tea is regarded ________ a symbol of Chinese culture and is popular around the world.
答案：as
解析：考查regard A as B固定搭配，“茶被视为中国文化的象征”，贴合 “文化输出” 高考话题。
2024 年北京卷（完形填空）
With regard to environmental protection, the government has launched a series of new policies.
解析：考查with regard to（关于），用于引出话题，是高考应用文和议论文的常用短语。
7.refer to指的是；提及；查阅；参考
[教材原句] Pronouns (it,they,she,etc.) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier.(P60) 代词(it,they,she等)指的是前面提到的某物或某人。
【词块必记】
(1)refer...to... 把……提交给……；让(人)参考……
refer to...as... 把……称作……
(2)reference n. 提及，涉及；参考；参考书目
reference books/material 参考书/参考资料
in/with reference to 关于
[指津] refer的过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别为referred, referred, referring。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”.
(2)You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference (refer).
(3)As the situation was unusual,he referred the matter to the editor.
(4) When you don’t understand a word, you can refer ________ a dictionary or an online tool.
(5) The speaker referred ________ his childhood in the countryside several times during the speech.
(6) Please keep this document for future ________ (refer)—it may be useful later.
完成句子（学习场景）
(7) 在写论文时，你可以参考这些学术资料，但不能直接抄袭。
When writing a paper, you can ________ these academic materials, but you must not copy them directly.
短文填空（语境应用）
(8)The teacher explained that the word “culture” can refer to different things—sometimes it ________ (refer) to art and literature, and sometimes to daily customs.
答案: (1) as (2)reference (3) to (4) to (5) to (6) reference (7) refer to (8) refers
【高考真题链接】
2024 年新高考 I 卷（语法填空）
The book ________ (refer) to in the lecture is available in the school library.
答案：referred
解析：考查过去分词作定语，“讲座中提及的书”，refer to与book是被动关系，体现 “非谓语动词” 考点。
2025 年全国乙卷（阅读理解 C 篇）
What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 3
A. The study B. The data C. The method D. The result
答案：C
解析：考查refer to的 “指代” 含义，是高考阅读理解词义猜测题的高频考点，需结合上下文判断。
8.date back (to)追溯到……;始于……
[教材原句] It dates back several thousand years to the use of Longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.(P62) 它可以追溯到几千年前龙骨的使用时期——古代中国人民将符号刻到动物的骨头和壳上。
【词块必记】
(1) date from 追溯到；始于；起源于
(2) out of date 过时的
up to date (with...) 赶上(……的)潮流
(3)set a date for... 确定……的日期
make a date with sb. 与某人约会/预约
[佳句] The needle treatment that dates back to/dating back to ancient times has cured many diseases.产生于古代的针灸已经治愈了很多疾病。
[指津] (1)date back to和date from一般无进行时态和被动语态。
(2)date back to和date from作后置定语时， 常用现在分词形式。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
(1) The ancient temple, which ________ (date) back to the Song Dynasty, has been well-preserved for over 800 years.
(2) This folk custom, ________ (date) from the Ming Dynasty, is still celebrated in some rural areas.
(3) They plan to set a ________ (date) for the meeting to discuss the protection of cultural relics.
完成句子（文化遗产）
(4) 京剧是中国的国粹之一，其历史可追溯到 19 世纪中期。
Peking Opera, one of China’s national treasures, ________ the mid-19th century.
句型转换
(5) The Great Wall has a history of over 2,000 years and dates back to the Qin Dynasty.
→ The Great Wall, ________________________ the Qin Dynasty, has a history of over 2,000 years.（分词作定语）
答案: (1) dates (2) dating (3) date (4) dates back to (5) dating back to
解析
(1) dates：“date back to” 无被动语态、无进行时，主语 “the ancient temple” 为单数，一般现在时，考点为 “时态（一般现在时）+ 无被动用法”，贴合 “文化遗产（寺庙）” 场景。
(2) dating：现在分词作定语，“this folk custom” 与 “date from” 为主动关系（习俗 “始于” 明朝），考点为 “现在分词作定语 + 无被动用法”，体现 “民俗文化” 场景。
(3) date：固定短语 “set a date for”（确定…… 的日期），“date” 为名词（日期），考点为 “固定短语 + 名词用法”，贴合 “会议安排” 场景。
(4) dates back to：固定短语，主语 “Peking Opera” 为单数，一般现在时，考点为 “固定短语及时态主谓一致”，贴合 “传统文化（京剧）” 话题。
(5) dating back to：现在分词作定语，“the Great Wall” 与 “date back to” 为主动关系，考点为 “现在分词作定语 + 固定短语”，贴合 “世界遗产（长城）” 场景。
【高考真题链接】
2023 年浙江卷（语法填空）
The pottery, ________ (date) back to 5,000 years ago, was discovered in a small village in Henan Province.
答案：dating
解析：考查现在分词作定语，“追溯到 5000 年前的陶器”，date back to与pottery是主动关系，符合 “文化遗产” 考点。
2024 年全国甲卷（阅读理解 A 篇）
The festival dates back to the Han Dynasty and is celebrated to honor ancestors.
解析：考查date back to的基本用法，“节日追溯到汉朝”，理解短语含义即可解答相关细节题。
9.relate to...与……相关;涉及;谈到
[教材原句] Does each sentence relate to the main idea (P67) 每句话都与主旨有关吗
【词块必记】
(1)relate...to...把……和……联系起来
be related to...和……有关/有联系
relate to...与……相关;涉及;谈到
relate sth to sb向某人讲述某事
(2)related adj.相关的;有联系的
relation n.(relations)(人、团体、国家之间的)关系;[U,C]关联
in/with relation to...与……有关;涉及
relationship n.关系;联系
relative adj.比较的;相对的 n.亲戚
relatively adv.相对地;相当地
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)All the papers that relate _______ this subject are written by him.
(2)The Dutch language is closely _______ (relate) to German.
(3)It is difficult _______ (relate) these results with/to any known cases.
(4)We seek to improve _______ (relate) between our two countries.
(5) It’s important to relate theory ________ practice when learning a skill.
(6) The problem of air pollution is closely ________ (relate) to the overuse of fossil fuels.
(7) She finds it hard to relate ________ people who have different life experiences.
完成句子（社会话题）
(8) 研究表明，长期压力与多种健康问题相关，如失眠和焦虑。
Studies show that long-term stress ________ many health problems, such as insomnia and anxiety.
短文填空（综合应用）
(9) When writing an essay, you should make sure each paragraph ________ (relate) to the main topic, or the article will be disorganized.
答案: (1）to （2）related (3)to relate (4) relations
(5) to (6) related (37) to (8) relations (9) are closely related
【高考真题链接】
2025 年全国甲卷（语法填空）
The new study focuses on how diet ________ (relate) to mental health, especially among teenagers.
答案：relates
解析：考查relate to的主动用法，“饮食与心理健康的关联”，贴合 “健康生活” 高考热点，主谓一致为附加考点。
2024 年新高考 II 卷（完形填空）
The story is easy to relate to, as it describes the common challenges of young people.
解析：考查relate to的 “理解” 含义，“故事易于理解”，体现语境化词义，是高考完形的常见考点。
10..句型公式：the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语), the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)……越……，(……)越……
(教材原句)It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow.这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言的了解越多，我的大脑就会越发达。
【考点必记】
(1)the＋比较级，the＋比较级 越……，就越……
(2)the more...，the less... 越……，越不……
the more...，the better... ……越多，……就越好
(3)形容词/副词比较级＋and＋形容词/副词比较级 越来越……
[佳句] It was our teacher who reminded us that the more confident we were，the more likely we were to succeed.是我们的老师提醒我们：我们越自信，就越有可能成功。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1) The ________ (much) you know about cultural differences, the ________ (easy) it is to communicate with people from other countries.
(2) The ________ (late) you go to bed, the ________ (tired) you will feel the next morning.
(3) The more you practice speaking English, the ________ (fluent) you will become.
完成句子（学习 / 生活）
(4) 你花在阅读上的时间越多，你的阅读理解能力就会越强。
________ you spend on reading, ________ your reading comprehension ability will be.
句型转换（同义表达）
(5) If you are more patient, you will solve the problem more easily.
→ ________, ________ you will solve the problem.
答案:(1) more; easier (2) later; more tired (3) more fluent
(4) The more time; the stronger (5) The more patient you are; the more easily
解析
(1) more; easier：“much” 的比较级为 “more”（修饰不可数名词 “know about”），“easy” 的比较级为 “easier”（修饰形容词 “it is”），考点为 “比较级形式”，贴合 “跨文化沟通” 场景。
(2) later; more tired：“late” 的比较级为 “later”（表 “更晚”），“tired” 的比较级为 “more tired”（多音节形容词比较级加 more），考点为 “比较级形式”，体现 “作息与健康” 场景。
(3) more fluent：“fluent” 为多音节形容词，比较级为 “more fluent”，“the more...the more...” 结构，考点为 “多音节形容词比较级”，贴合 “语言学习（英语流利度）” 场景。
(4) The more time; the stronger：“time” 为不可数名词，用 “more” 修饰；“strong” 的比较级为 “stronger”，“the more + 名词..., the + 比较级...” 结构，考点为 “比较级结构（名词 + 比较级）”，贴合 “阅读与能力” 场景。
(5) The more patient you are; the more easily：原句 “if you are more patient...” 转换为 “the more patient you are...”，“easily” 的比较级为 “more easily”（修饰动词 “solve”），考点为 “句式转换 + 副词比较级”，贴合 “问题解决” 场景。
【高考真题链接】
2024 年全国乙卷（语法填空）
The ________ (many) people realize the importance of environmental protection, the ________ (good) our planet will be.
答案：more；better
解析：考查基础比较级搭配，“越多的人意识到环保重要性，地球就会越好”，贴合 “生态保护” 话题，结构简单但需注意比较级形式。
2023 年新课标 I 卷（书面表达）
高分范文片段：As the saying goes, the more you share, the more you gain. Don’t be afraid to show your ideas in group discussions.
解析：引用谚语化用句型，增强表达感染力，是高考写作提分的常用技巧。
11.句型：no matter where... “无论在哪里……”引导让步状语从句
Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.(教材P62)
即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
【考点必记】
(1)no matter where,who,what,etc.意为“不论……;不管……”。
(2)“no matter+疑问词”结构与“疑问词+-ever” 在用法上的异同:
①“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句,可放在主句前或主句后。
②whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever既可引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句,在引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
③whenever,wherever,however引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter when/where/how,意为“无论何时/何地/如何”。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]（疑问词选择）
(1) No matter ________ hard the task is, we should try our best to complete it.
(2) ________ (where) you go, remember to keep in touch with your family.
(3) No matter ________ he says, I won’t believe his excuses this time.
[完成句子]
(1)通过建立家庭博客,无论在哪里,我们都能便利地分享我们的经历。
By setting up a family blog,we can conveniently share our experiences _____________________.
(2)无论何时我犯了错误,您总是耐心地指出来,并帮助我改正它。
__________________ I made a mistake,you were always patient to point it out and helped me correct it.
(3)贝蒂的主要优势是无论情况多么紧急她都能保持冷静。
Betty’s main strength is her ability to keep calm no matter____________________.
(4)我们许诺,任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。
We promise ____________________ has a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
(5) 无论你在哪个国家旅行，都应该尊重当地的风俗习惯。
________ you travel, you should respect the local customs and traditions.
(6) No matter when you need help, you can call me.
→ ________ you need help, you can call me.
答案:单句语法填空：(1) how (2) Wherever (3) what
完成句子：(1) no matter where we are (2)No matter when (3)how urgent the situation is (4)whoever attends the party (5)No matter which country (6)Whenever
【高考真题链接】
2025 年全国甲卷（语法填空）
No matter ________ difficult it is to learn a new language, persistence will finally pay off.
答案：how
解析：考查no matter how + adj.结构，“无论学新语言多困难”，引导让步状语从句，贴合 “学习话题”。
2024 年新高考 II 卷（完形填空）
________ (wherever) he goes, he brings a book with him—he loves reading.
答案：Wherever
解析：考查wherever引导让步状语从句，“无论他去哪里”，可替换为No matter where，体现句型灵活性。
语法点
Grammar 定语从句(Ⅱ)
当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中用作时间、地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词when, where, why或“介词＋which”。
1．指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词。
2．在从句中充当句子成分——状语，即在从句中起副词的作用。
3．起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来构成主从复合句。
1．when引导定语从句的用法
(1)当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time, day, year, month, week等)，且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导。
(2)when可以换成“介词＋which”。
I still remember the time when_(＝in_which) I was in college.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。
I have forgotten the exact date when_(＝on_which) this country became independent.
我忘记这个国家独立的确切日期了。
2．where引导定语从句的用法
(1)当先行词是表示具体地点的名词(如place, room, mountain, airport等)或抽象地点的名词(如case, state, condition, point, situation等)，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导。
(2)where可以换成“介词＋which”。
We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们已经到了需要作出改变的地步。
He gets into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right or wrong.他陷入一种难以判断对错的境地。
This is the hotel where_(＝in_which) they stayed.这就是他们待过的旅馆。
3．why引导定语从句的用法
(1)当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句。
(2)why可以用for which来代替。
This is the reason why_(＝for_which) he left in a hurry.
这是他匆匆离去的原因。
1．关系代词的选择
“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。
This is the student for_whom I bought a book.这就是我给其买书的那个学生。
This is the ship by_which I went to Shanghai.这就是我去上海所乘的船。
They live in a house, of_which the windows are made of glass.他们住在一所窗户是玻璃做的房子里。
2．介词的选择
(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
Is this the car for_which you paid a high price 这就是你花高价买的车吗？(pay ... for sth.)
In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to_whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的街上，没有一个她可以求助的人。(turn to sb. for help)
(2)根据定语从句中的主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
He brought the result with_which the boss was satisfied.他带来了令老板满意的结果。(be satisfied with)
(3)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词。
Do you still remember the day on_which we met for the first time 你还记得我们第一次见面的那天吗？(on the day)
I can't remember the age at_which he won the prize.我记不起他获奖时的年龄了。(at the age)
(4)根据句子的意思来确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，定语从句中的谓语动词/主要形容词与介词也不能构成固定搭配，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思来选择介词。
This is the pilot with_whom my brother has worked for ten years.这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。
This is the pilot by_whom my son was saved.这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。
定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可以用以下两种方式判断：
用法 依据
根据从句的谓语动词 是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；是不及物动词则用关系副词
根据先行词在从句中所作的成分 把先行词代入定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系代词；作状语则用关系副词
This is the factory where he used to work.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(work是不及物动词)
This is the factory (that/which) I visited last year.这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。(visit是及物动词)
Is this the museum (that/which) you visited a few days ago 这就是你几天前参观的那家博物馆吗？(从句缺少宾语)
Is this the museum where the exhibition was held 这就是举办展览的那家博物馆吗？(从句缺少地点状语)
单句语法填空。（关系代词、关系副词、介词+关系代词）
1. We have entered into an age ____________________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
2. Is it very difficult for a child to come into the classroom ________________ he could feel confident
3. This smart keyboard precisely (精确地) measures the cadence (节奏) ____________________ one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.
4. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, ____________________ he soon found himself.
5. It’s good to know there’s still someone out there ____________________ we can find so much glory.
6. We don’t exactly know the time ____________________ Granma was put forward.
7. First, I wanted to be a fireman of Harvard University, ____________________ the uniform looked so cool.
8. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, ____________________ additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
9. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of the reason ____________________ the same people keep coming back for more.
10. Creating an atmosphere ____________________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
答案：1. when 2. where 3. with which 4. among whom
5. on whom 6. when 7. where 8. where
9. why/ for which 10. in which
二、单句语法填空（场景化）
(1) The Tang Dynasty was a period ________ art, poetry and technology flourished.
(2) We’ll never forget the day ________ we witnessed the launch of the spaceship.
(3) There are cases ________ online shopping brings convenience but also risks.
(4) This is the professor ________ we’ve learned a great deal about traditional medicine.
(5) The reason ________ traditional crafts are disappearing needs urgent attention.
(6) He wrote a book ________ he described his experiences in the mountains.
三、 句式升级（文化 / 环保场景）
(7) The ancient town attracts millions of visitors. Its traditional architecture is well - preserved.
→ The ancient town, ________________________ traditional architecture is well - preserved, attracts millions of visitors.（介词 + 关系代词）
(8) We visited a nature reserve. Rare birds live there freely.
→ We visited a nature reserve ________________________ rare birds live freely.（where / 介词 + which）
四、完成句子（应用型）
(9) 这就是那位科学家，我们从他的研究中获益良多。
This is the scientist ________________________ we have benefited a lot.
(10) 我们面临一个必须做出艰难决定的局面。
We face a situation ________________________ we must make a difficult decision.
答案：
二、单句语法填空（场景化）
1. 答案：when / in which
解析：先行词 “a period” 是时间名词，从句 “art, poetry and technology flourished” 中 “flourished” 为不及物动词（不缺宾语），需时间状语，故用 “when”；“period” 常与介词 “in” 搭配，也可转换为 “in which”。
2.答案：when / on which
解析：先行词 “the day” 是时间名词，从句 “we witnessed the launch of the spaceship” 中 “witnessed” 后有宾语（the launch...），缺时间状语，故用 “when”；“day” 常与介词 “on” 搭配，也可转换为 “on which”。
3.答案：where / in which
解析：先行词 “cases” 是抽象地点名词（表 “情况、情形”），从句 “online shopping brings convenience but also risks” 中 “brings” 后有宾语，缺地点状语，故用 “where”；“cases” 常与介词 “in” 搭配，也可转换为 “in which”。
4.答案：from whom
解析：先行词 “the professor” 指人，从句中隐含固定搭配 “learn a great deal from sb.”（从某人处学到很多），“from” 需前置，指人用 “whom”，故填 “from whom”。
5.答案：why / for which
解析：先行词 “the reason” 是原因名词，从句 “traditional crafts are disappearing” 中不缺主语 / 宾语，缺原因状语，故用 “why”；“reason” 常与介词 “for” 搭配，也可转换为 “for which”。
6.答案：in which
解析：先行词 “a book” 指物，从句 “he described his experiences in the mountains” 中 “described” 后有宾语（his experiences），缺地点状语（“在书中描述”），“book” 常与介词 “in” 搭配，故填 “in which”（此处不可用 “where”，因 “book” 是具体物品，非地点名词）。
三、句式升级（文化 / 环保场景）
7. 答案：of which the
解析：原句中 “its traditional architecture”（古镇的传统建筑）可转换为 “the traditional architecture of the ancient town”，先行词 “the ancient town” 指物，介词 “of” 前置，故用 “of which the”（结构为 “of which + 名词”，等同于 “whose + 名词”）。
8.答案：where / in which
解析：先行词 “a nature reserve” 是具体地点名词，从句 “rare birds live freely” 中 “live” 为不及物动词，缺地点状语，故用 “where”；“nature reserve” 常与介词 “in” 搭配，也可转换为 “in which”。
四、完成句子（应用型）
9. 答案：from whom
解析：“从他的研究中” 对应固定搭配 “benefit a lot from his research”，先行词 “the scientist” 指人，介词 “from” 前置，指人用 “whom”，故填 “from whom”。
答案：where / in which
解析：先行词 “a situation” 是抽象地点名词（表 “处境、局面”），从句 “we must make a difficult decision” 中不缺主语 / 宾语，缺地点状语，故用 “where”；“situation” 常与介词 “in” 搭配，也可转换为 “in which”。
【高考真题链接】
2025 年全国甲卷（语法填空）
The studio ________ young artists practice traditional crafts has become a cultural landmark.
答案：where / in which
解析：先行词 studio 是地点名词，从句中 practice 为不及物动词，缺地点状语，贴合 “文化传承” 话题。
2024 年新高考 I 卷（语法填空）
I still remember the year ________ I first participated in the summer camp in Tibet.
答案：when / in which
解析：先行词 year 表时间，从句缺时间状语，体现 “成长经历” 高考场景。
2024 年北京卷（完形填空）
She created a community ________ people with similar interests share their stories.
A. where B. which C. when D. why
答案：A
解析：先行词 community 为抽象地点名词，从句缺地点状语，考查抽象地点用 where 的考点。
2023 年新课标 II 卷（语法填空）
The reason ________ he was late for the meeting was that his car broke down on the way.
答案：why / for which
解析：先行词为 reason，从句缺原因状语，符合 “日常情景” 语法应用。
2025 年全国乙卷（语法填空）
The library has a collection of books, some ________ are about environmental protection.
答案：of which
解析：考查 “介词 + which” 非限制性定语从句，指代 books，贴合 “生态保护” 热点。
2023 年浙江卷（阅读理解 D 篇）
The author describes a time ________ people lived in harmony with nature, which inspires modern readers.
答案：when
解析：定语从句修饰先行词 time，缺时间状语，体现 “人与自然” 话题的语法渗透。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
新人教版必修第一册 Unit 5知识清单
重 点 单 词 1.despite prep.即使;尽管 2.struggle n.&vi. 斗争;奋斗;搏斗 3.attitude n. 态度;看法 4.means n. 方式;方法;途径 5.character n. 文字;符号;角色;品质;特点 6.affair n. 公共事务;事件;关系 7.native adj. 出生地的;本地的;土著的 n.本地人 8.factor n. 因素;要素 9.gap n. 间隔;开口;差距 10.classic adj. 传统的;最优秀的;典型的 n. 经典作品;名著 11.dialect n. 地方话;方言 12.vocabulary n. 词汇 13.tongue n. 舌头;语言 14.billion n. 十亿 15.calligraphy n. 书法;书法艺术 16.bone n. 骨头;骨(质) 17.carve vt.&vi. 雕刻 18.shell n. 壳;壳状物 19.dynasty n. 王朝;朝代 20.apartment n. 公寓套房 21.semester n. 学期 22.gas n. 汽油;气体;燃气 23.petrol n. 汽油 24.subway n. 地铁 25.pants n.(pl.) 内裤;短裤;裤子
词 汇 拓 展 1.refer vi. 提到;参考;查阅 vt. 查询;叫……;求助于→reference n. 参考→referred/referred/referring (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 2.base vt. 以……为据点;以……为基础 n. 底部;根据→based adj. 以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的→basic adj. 基本的;基础的→basically adv.根本上;基本上 3.demand n. 要求;需求 vt. 强烈要求;需要 vi. 查问→demanding adj. 要求高的;苛求的 4.variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化→vary vi. 不同;变化→various adj. 不同的;各种各样的→varied adj. 多变的 5.appreciate vt. 欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi. 增值→appreciation n. 欣赏;感激;领会;重视 6.equal n. 同等的人;相等物 adj. 相同的;同样的→equally adv. 相同地;同样地→equality n. 平等 7.regard n. 尊重;关注 vt. 把……视为;看待→regarding prep. 关于 8.beg vt.恳求;祈求;哀求→beggar n.乞丐 9.global adj. 全球的;全世界的→globally adv.全球地;全世界地→globe n.全球;球状物;地球仪 10.specific adj. 特定的;明确的;具体的→specifically adv. 特定地;明确地;具体地 11.description n. 描写(文字);形容→describe vt. 描述;描写 12.relate vt. 联系;讲述→related adj. 相关的;有联系的→relation n. 关系;联系 13.system n.体系;制度;系统→systematic adj. 系统的→systematically adv.系统地 14.major adj. 主要的;重要的;大的 n. 主修课程;主修学生 vi. 主修;专门研究→majority n. 多数;大多数 15.symbol n. 符号;象征→symbolic adj. 象征的;象征性的→symbolise vt. 象征;是……的象征
重 点 短 语 1．refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅 2．ups and downs浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 3．date back (to...)追溯到 4．no matter where，who，what，etc.不论……；不管…… 5．point of view观点；看法 6．relate to与……相关；涉及；谈到
重 点 句 型 1．There are many reasons why this has been possible，but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.这之所以成为可能有很多原因，其中一个主要因素就是中国书法体系。 2．Over the years，the system developed into different forms，as it was a time when people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.多年来，人们按地域划分，使得书法体系发展成了不同的形式，从而导致多种方言和汉字的形成。 3．Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。 4．I used to get high marks in English，but now I’m having a lot of trouble with my listening. 过去我英语成绩很好，但现在我在听力方面有很多困难。 5．I also repeat what I hear to help myself to experience the feeling of the language. 为了帮助自己体会语言的情感，我也重复自己听到的内容。
课文语法填空
China is 1 (wide) known for its ancient civilisation, which has continued all the way until now. One of the main 2 (factor) of this is the Chinese writing system.
Several thousand years ago, written Chinese was based 3 pictures. Ancient Chinese people carved symbols on animal bones and shells.
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols 4 (become) a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as people lived in different places, 5 (lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters.
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. The writing system played 6 important part in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with 7 (it) past. People in modern times can read the classic works 8 (write) by Chinese in ancient times.
As China plays a greater role in 9 (globe) affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese 10 appreciate China’s culture and history.
知识点
1.based adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的
[教材原句] At the beginning,written Chinese was a picture-based language.(P62) 最初,书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。
【词块必记】
(1)base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础 n.底部;根据
base...on/upon...把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon以……为基础;依据……
at the base of在……底部
(2)basic adj.基本的;基础的
basis n.基础;基本原则
on the basis of在……基础上;基于……
on a regular basis 定期
[近义] bottom, foundation
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)Please do remember that success is based ______ hard work.
(2)The study ______(base) on data from 2,100 college students.
(3)Contact with other people is a ______ (base) human need.
(4) ______ (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason,you will regret it sooner or later.
(5)You’ll be able to choose a room ______ (base) on your own personal tastes.
(6)To learn a language well, you should first master its ________ (base) grammar rules.
(7)They made the decision ________ (base) on scientific research, not personal preference.
(8)It’s necessary to conduct safety checks ________ a regular basis in factories.
[写美句]——句式升级
(9) The documentary is based on a true story about traditional crafts. It has won many awards.
→ ________________________, the documentary has won many awards.（分词作状语）
(10) 完成句子---这个研究项目基于十年的实地调查，可信度很高。
This research project ________________________ ten years of fieldwork, so it is highly reliable.
【高考真题链接】
2024 年新高考 II 卷（语法填空）
The film, which ________ (base) on the life of a rural teacher, has sparked widespread discussion about education equality.
2023 年浙江卷（完形填空）
The course design is ________ (base) on students’ practical needs, focusing on hands-on skills.
2.variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化
[教材原句] Over the years,the system developed into different forms,as it was a time when people were divided geographically,leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.(P62) 多年以来,这种书写体发展成不同的形式,因为在那段时间,由于人们在地理上的分裂,方言和文字的多样性也随之产生。
【词块必记】
(1)a variety of＝varieties of 种类繁多的
(2)various adj．不同的；各种各样的
(3)vary vt.&.vi．改变；变化
vary from... to... 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
vary in... 在……方面丰富多样
vary with... 随着……的变化而变化
[名师点津]
a variety of (varieties of)既可修饰复数可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。该短语修饰复数可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;修饰不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①One of the advantages is that we can find _________ (variety) topics，such as science，culture and history.
②The research team is made up of the pupils, whose ages ______ (various) from 10 to 15.
③There are ___________(variety) of reasons in favour of my opinion that a Chinese dictionary shouldn’t include English words.
④The exhibition shows ________ (variety) forms of Chinese folk art, from paper-cutting to shadow puppetry.
⑤Temperatures in this area ________ (vary) from 5℃ in winter to 35℃ in summer.
⑥A ________ (vary) of books on environmental protection are available in the school library.
⑦Our school offers ________ (various) after-school activities. The number of students joining each activity ________ (vary) a lot—some have 50 members, while others have only 10.
【高考真题链接】
2025 年全国甲卷（语法填空）
The region is known for its ________ (vary) wildlife, including rare birds and endangered plants.
2024 年北京卷（阅读理解 C 篇）
A variety of factors, such as diet and exercise, ________ (affect) people’s physical health.
3.equal n. 同等的人;相等物 vt. 相同的;同样的
[教材原句] ...our relationship is close and we’re equals,so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us.(P66)……我们的关系很亲密,并且我们是平等的,因此我只需说几个字,就能消除我们之间的距离。
【词块必记】
(1)the equal of与……相等/匹敌
be without equal=have no equal无与伦比
(2)equal sb/sth in(doing) sth在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物
(3)be equal to sth/doing sth等于/胜任(做)某事
be equal in sth在某方面平等/相同
(4)unequal adj.不相等的;不平等的
equality n.平等;相等
equally adv.相等地;同等地;公平地
[联想] 表示“胜任……”的其他表达：
①be up to；②be fit for；③be qualified for
近义词：rival（竞争对手，可与之匹敌者）, opponent (对手，竞争者）， match（可与之匹敌者）
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)China has always insisted that all countries,big or small,should be _______ (equality).
(2)Men and women must be treated _______ (equal) in education and employment.
(3) Men and women should be treated ________ (equal) in the workplace, regardless of their positions.
(4) She proved that she was ________ (equal) to the task by finishing it ahead of schedule.
(5) The government has taken measures to promote ________ (equal) in education for rural and urban students.
(6)我认为自己能胜任志愿者工作，因为我熟悉跨文化沟通技巧。
I believe I ________ the volunteer work because I am familiar with cross-cultural communication skills.
(7) Her ability in public speaking is no less than his.
→ She ________ him in public speaking ability.
【高考真题链接】
2023 年新课标 I 卷（语法填空）
Everyone, whether young or old, has the right to ________ (equal) of opportunity in education.
2025 年全国乙卷（完形填空）
He is confident that he can ________ the challenge, as he has rich experience in similar projects.
A. equal B. face C. meet D. accept
4.appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会
[教材原句]As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.(P62)
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
【语境巧练】
写出下列句中appreciate的含义
①The happiest are not those who own all the best things ,but those who can appreciate the beauty of life．______
②I appreciate the difficulty you are faced with but I don’t think I can help you．______
③I would much appreciate it if you would arrange this for me．______
【词块必记】
(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.-ing 重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if... 假如……，我将不胜感激
appreciate＋that/wh-从句 理解/意识到……
(3)express/convey one's appreciation to sb. 向某人表达感激之情
注意：appreciate后不能用不定式，而要用动词－ing形式作宾语。当appreciate，hate，dislike，love，like，depend/rely on等词(组)后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
(1)I’d appreciate ____ if could give me a bit of good advice.
(2)Chinese calligraphy has won the ______________(appreciate) of a lot of people outside China.
(3)I appreciate ____________(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
(4) I really appreciate ________ (invite) to your birthday party—it was a wonderful evening.
(5) I would appreciate ________ if you could send me the meeting agenda in advance.
[写美句]——应用文之感谢信
(6) 我写信是为了感谢你在我备考期间提供的帮助，你的支持让我充满动力。
I’m writing to ________ your help during my exam preparation—your support kept me motivated.
句型转换
(7) Your timely reply would be greatly appreciated.
→ We would ________ if you could reply in time.
【高考真题链接】
2024 年新高考 I 卷（应用文写作）
高分范文片段：I would appreciate it if you could share more details about the traditional art workshop, such as the time and location.
2023 年浙江卷（语法填空）
Her contribution to the community was widely ________ (appreciate), and she was awarded “Model Citizen”.
5.demand n. 要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要 vi.查问
[教材原句] But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me,I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question,not a demand.(P66) 但是,如果我和一个不是很亲近的人交谈,我必须把我的请求说的时间长一些——我必须确保这是请求,而不是一个要求。
【词块必记】
(1)demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand of sb to do sth. 要求某人做某事
demand sth. of/from sb. 向某人要某物
demand that.../it is demanded that...(should)+动词原形 要求……
(2)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy/serve one’s demands (for sth) 满足某人(对……)的需求
(3)demanding adj.要求高的;费力的
[名师点津]
(1)demand的主语是物时,常用demand doing或demand to be done结构。
(2)“要求某人做……”不可用demand sb to do...,但可用demand of sb to do...。
(3)demand后通常不接双宾语。
【即时练】
单句语法填空（虚拟语气重点）
(1) The workers demanded that their working conditions ________ (improve) immediately.
(2) This type of smart phone is in great ________ (demand) because of its low price and high performance.
(3) Teaching is a ________ (demand) job that requires patience and creativity.
完成句子（职场场景）
(4) 公司要求所有员工在月底前完成培训，以适应新系统。
The company demanded that all employees ________ the training before the end of the month to adapt to the new system.
短文填空（社会需求）
(5) With the development of elderly care services, the demand for professional nurses ________ (increase) rapidly in recent years.
【高考真题链接】
2025 年全国甲卷（语法填空）
It is demanded that all participants ________ (wear) safety helmets during the outdoor activity.
2024 年全国乙卷（阅读理解 B 篇）
The demand for organic food has risen by 30% in the past year, as more people pay attention to health.
6.regard n. 尊重;关注 vt. 把……视为;看待
[教材原句] The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form,known as Chinese calligraphy,which has become an important part of Chinese culture.(P62) 对汉字书写体系的高度重视在汉字作为一种艺术形式的发展过程中可以看出来,这种被称为中国书法的艺术形式已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。
【词块必记】
(1)the (high)regard for...对……(高度)尊重
in this/that regard在这/那点上
in/with regard to...关于某人(某事),在这点上
give one’s regards (to sb)代某人(向某人)问好
as regards关于;至于(后接名词或从句作宾语)
(2)regard with以(某种心态)来看(某人或某事)
regard...as...把……看作……
(3)regardless of 不管；不顾
(4)regarding prep.关于,至于,就……而论
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)Please give my best ________(regard) to other friends who come to the dinner.
(2)With regard ________ my favourite Chinese poet,I’d like to introduce Du Fu to you.
(3)The Spring Festival ________(regard) as the most important festival for Chinese people.
(4)The Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient,regardless ______ time and space.
(5) Confucius is widely regarded ________ one of the greatest thinkers in Chinese history.
(6) With regard ________ your application, we will inform you of the result within three working days.
(7) He decided to take the job regardless ________ the low salary, as it offered valuable experience.
句式升级（文化话题）
(8) Chinese calligraphy is considered an important part of traditional culture. It is loved by many people.
→ Chinese calligraphy, ________________________ an important part of traditional culture, is loved by many people.（分词作定语）
完成句子（社交场景）
(9) 请代我向你的父母问好，感谢他们上次的热情招待。
Please ________ your parents, and thank them for their warm hospitality last time.
【高考真题链接】
2023 年新课标 II 卷（语法填空）
Tea is regarded ________ a symbol of Chinese culture and is popular around the world.
2024 年北京卷（完形填空）
With regard to environmental protection, the government has launched a series of new policies.
7.refer to指的是；提及；查阅；参考
[教材原句] Pronouns (it,they,she,etc.) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier.(P60) 代词(it,they,she等)指的是前面提到的某物或某人。
【词块必记】
(1)refer...to... 把……提交给……；让(人)参考……
refer to...as... 把……称作……
(2)reference n. 提及，涉及；参考；参考书目
reference books/material 参考书/参考资料
in/with reference to 关于
[指津] refer的过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别为referred, referred, referring。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”.
(2)You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference (refer).
(3)As the situation was unusual,he referred the matter to the editor.
(4) When you don’t understand a word, you can refer ________ a dictionary or an online tool.
(5) The speaker referred ________ his childhood in the countryside several times during the speech.
(6) Please keep this document for future ________ (refer)—it may be useful later.
完成句子（学习场景）
(7) 在写论文时，你可以参考这些学术资料，但不能直接抄袭。
When writing a paper, you can ________ these academic materials, but you must not copy them directly.
短文填空（语境应用）
(8)The teacher explained that the word “culture” can refer to different things—sometimes it ________ (refer) to art and literature, and sometimes to daily customs.
【高考真题链接】
2024 年新高考 I 卷（语法填空）
The book ________ (refer) to in the lecture is available in the school library.
2025 年全国乙卷（阅读理解 C 篇）
What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 3
A. The study B. The data C. The method D. The result
8.date back (to)追溯到……;始于……
[教材原句] It dates back several thousand years to the use of Longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.(P62) 它可以追溯到几千年前龙骨的使用时期——古代中国人民将符号刻到动物的骨头和壳上。
【词块必记】
(1) date from 追溯到；始于；起源于
(2) out of date 过时的
up to date (with...) 赶上(……的)潮流
(3)set a date for... 确定……的日期
make a date with sb. 与某人约会/预约
[佳句] The needle treatment that dates back to/dating back to ancient times has cured many diseases.产生于古代的针灸已经治愈了很多疾病。
[指津] (1)date back to和date from一般无进行时态和被动语态。
(2)date back to和date from作后置定语时， 常用现在分词形式。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
(1) The ancient temple, which ________ (date) back to the Song Dynasty, has been well-preserved for over 800 years.
(2) This folk custom, ________ (date) from the Ming Dynasty, is still celebrated in some rural areas.
(3) They plan to set a ________ (date) for the meeting to discuss the protection of cultural relics.
完成句子（文化遗产）
(4) 京剧是中国的国粹之一，其历史可追溯到 19 世纪中期。
Peking Opera, one of China’s national treasures, ________ the mid-19th century.
句型转换
(5) The Great Wall has a history of over 2,000 years and dates back to the Qin Dynasty.
→ The Great Wall, ________________________ the Qin Dynasty, has a history of over 2,000 years.（分词作定语）
【高考真题链接】
2023 年浙江卷（语法填空）
The pottery, ________ (date) back to 5,000 years ago, was discovered in a small village in Henan Province.
2024 年全国甲卷（阅读理解 A 篇）
The festival dates back to the Han Dynasty and is celebrated to honor ancestors.
9.relate to...与……相关;涉及;谈到
[教材原句] Does each sentence relate to the main idea (P67) 每句话都与主旨有关吗
【词块必记】
(1)relate...to...把……和……联系起来
be related to...和……有关/有联系
relate to...与……相关;涉及;谈到
relate sth to sb向某人讲述某事
(2)related adj.相关的;有联系的
relation n.(relations)(人、团体、国家之间的)关系;[U,C]关联
in/with relation to...与……有关;涉及
relationship n.关系;联系
relative adj.比较的;相对的 n.亲戚
relatively adv.相对地;相当地
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)All the papers that relate _______ this subject are written by him.
(2)The Dutch language is closely _______ (relate) to German.
(3)It is difficult _______ (relate) these results with/to any known cases.
(4)We seek to improve _______ (relate) between our two countries.
(5) It’s important to relate theory ________ practice when learning a skill.
(6) The problem of air pollution is closely ________ (relate) to the overuse of fossil fuels.
(7) She finds it hard to relate ________ people who have different life experiences.
完成句子（社会话题）
(8) 研究表明，长期压力与多种健康问题相关，如失眠和焦虑。
Studies show that long-term stress ________ many health problems, such as insomnia and anxiety.
短文填空（综合应用）
(9) When writing an essay, you should make sure each paragraph ________ (relate) to the main topic, or the article will be disorganized.
【高考真题链接】
2025 年全国甲卷（语法填空）
The new study focuses on how diet ________ (relate) to mental health, especially among teenagers.
2024 年新高考 II 卷（完形填空）
The story is easy to relate to, as it describes the common challenges of young people.
10..句型公式：the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语), the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)……越……，(……)越……
(教材原句)It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow.这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言的了解越多，我的大脑就会越发达。
【考点必记】
(1)the＋比较级，the＋比较级 越……，就越……
(2)the more...，the less... 越……，越不……
the more...，the better... ……越多，……就越好
(3)形容词/副词比较级＋and＋形容词/副词比较级 越来越……
[佳句] It was our teacher who reminded us that the more confident we were，the more likely we were to succeed.是我们的老师提醒我们：我们越自信，就越有可能成功。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1) The ________ (much) you know about cultural differences, the ________ (easy) it is to communicate with people from other countries.
(2) The ________ (late) you go to bed, the ________ (tired) you will feel the next morning.
(3) The more you practice speaking English, the ________ (fluent) you will become.
完成句子（学习 / 生活）
(4) 你花在阅读上的时间越多，你的阅读理解能力就会越强。
________ you spend on reading, ________ your reading comprehension ability will be.
句型转换（同义表达）
(5) If you are more patient, you will solve the problem more easily.
→ ________, ________ you will solve the problem.
【高考真题链接】
2024 年全国乙卷（语法填空）
The ________ (many) people realize the importance of environmental protection, the ________ (good) our planet will be.
2023 年新课标 I 卷（书面表达）
高分范文片段：As the saying goes, the more you share, the more you gain. Don’t be afraid to show your ideas in group discussions.
11.句型：no matter where... “无论在哪里……”引导让步状语从句
Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.(教材P62)
即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
【考点必记】
(1)no matter where,who,what,etc.意为“不论……;不管……”。
(2)“no matter+疑问词”结构与“疑问词+-ever” 在用法上的异同:
①“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句,可放在主句前或主句后。
②whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever既可引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句,在引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
③whenever,wherever,however引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter when/where/how,意为“无论何时/何地/如何”。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]（疑问词选择）
(1) No matter ________ hard the task is, we should try our best to complete it.
(2) ________ (where) you go, remember to keep in touch with your family.
(3) No matter ________ he says, I won’t believe his excuses this time.
[完成句子]
(1)通过建立家庭博客,无论在哪里,我们都能便利地分享我们的经历。
By setting up a family blog,we can conveniently share our experiences _____________________.
(2)无论何时我犯了错误,您总是耐心地指出来,并帮助我改正它。
__________________ I made a mistake,you were always patient to point it out and helped me correct it.
(3)贝蒂的主要优势是无论情况多么紧急她都能保持冷静。
Betty’s main strength is her ability to keep calm no matter____________________.
(4)我们许诺,任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。
We promise ____________________ has a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
(5) 无论你在哪个国家旅行，都应该尊重当地的风俗习惯。
________ you travel, you should respect the local customs and traditions.
(6) No matter when you need help, you can call me.
→ ________ you need help, you can call me.
【高考真题链接】
2025 年全国甲卷（语法填空）
No matter ________ difficult it is to learn a new language, persistence will finally pay off.
2024 年新高考 II 卷（完形填空）
________ (wherever) he goes, he brings a book with him—he loves reading.
语法点
Grammar 定语从句(Ⅱ)
当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中用作时间、地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词when, where, why或“介词＋which”。
1．指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词。
2．在从句中充当句子成分——状语，即在从句中起副词的作用。
3．起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来构成主从复合句。
1．when引导定语从句的用法
(1)当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time, day, year, month, week等)，且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导。
(2)when可以换成“介词＋which”。
I still remember the time when_(＝in_which) I was in college.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。
I have forgotten the exact date when_(＝on_which) this country became independent.
我忘记这个国家独立的确切日期了。
2．where引导定语从句的用法
(1)当先行词是表示具体地点的名词(如place, room, mountain, airport等)或抽象地点的名词(如case, state, condition, point, situation等)，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导。
(2)where可以换成“介词＋which”。
We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们已经到了需要作出改变的地步。
He gets into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right or wrong.他陷入一种难以判断对错的境地。
This is the hotel where_(＝in_which) they stayed.这就是他们待过的旅馆。
3．why引导定语从句的用法
(1)当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句。
(2)why可以用for which来代替。
This is the reason why_(＝for_which) he left in a hurry.
这是他匆匆离去的原因。
1．关系代词的选择
“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。
This is the student for_whom I bought a book.这就是我给其买书的那个学生。
This is the ship by_which I went to Shanghai.这就是我去上海所乘的船。
They live in a house, of_which the windows are made of glass.他们住在一所窗户是玻璃做的房子里。
2．介词的选择
(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
Is this the car for_which you paid a high price 这就是你花高价买的车吗？(pay ... for sth.)
In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to_whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的街上，没有一个她可以求助的人。(turn to sb. for help)
(2)根据定语从句中的主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
He brought the result with_which the boss was satisfied.他带来了令老板满意的结果。(be satisfied with)
(3)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词。
Do you still remember the day on_which we met for the first time 你还记得我们第一次见面的那天吗？(on the day)
I can't remember the age at_which he won the prize.我记不起他获奖时的年龄了。(at the age)
(4)根据句子的意思来确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，定语从句中的谓语动词/主要形容词与介词也不能构成固定搭配，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思来选择介词。
This is the pilot with_whom my brother has worked for ten years.这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。
This is the pilot by_whom my son was saved.这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。
定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可以用以下两种方式判断：
用法 依据
根据从句的谓语动词 是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；是不及物动词则用关系副词
根据先行词在从句中所作的成分 把先行词代入定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系代词；作状语则用关系副词
This is the factory where he used to work.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(work是不及物动词)
This is the factory (that/which) I visited last year.这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。(visit是及物动词)
Is this the museum (that/which) you visited a few days ago 这就是你几天前参观的那家博物馆吗？(从句缺少宾语)
Is this the museum where the exhibition was held 这就是举办展览的那家博物馆吗？(从句缺少地点状语)
单句语法填空。（关系代词、关系副词、介词+关系代词）
1. We have entered into an age ____________________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
2. Is it very difficult for a child to come into the classroom ________________ he could feel confident
3. This smart keyboard precisely (精确地) measures the cadence (节奏) ____________________ one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.
4. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, ____________________ he soon found himself.
5. It’s good to know there’s still someone out there ____________________ we can find so much glory.
6. We don’t exactly know the time ____________________ Granma was put forward.
7. First, I wanted to be a fireman of Harvard University, ____________________ the uniform looked so cool.
8. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, ____________________ additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
9. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of the reason ____________________ the same people keep coming back for more.
10. Creating an atmosphere ____________________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
二、单句语法填空（场景化）
(1) The Tang Dynasty was a period ________ art, poetry and technology flourished.
(2) We’ll never forget the day ________ we witnessed the launch of the spaceship.
(3) There are cases ________ online shopping brings convenience but also risks.
(4) This is the professor ________ we’ve learned a great deal about traditional medicine.
(5) The reason ________ traditional crafts are disappearing needs urgent attention.
(6) He wrote a book ________ he described his experiences in the mountains.
三、 句式升级（文化 / 环保场景）
(7) The ancient town attracts millions of visitors. Its traditional architecture is well - preserved.
→ The ancient town, ________________________ traditional architecture is well - preserved, attracts millions of visitors.（介词 + 关系代词）
(8) We visited a nature reserve. Rare birds live there freely.
→ We visited a nature reserve ________________________ rare birds live freely.（where / 介词 + which）
四、完成句子（应用型）
(9) 这就是那位科学家，我们从他的研究中获益良多。
This is the scientist ________________________ we have benefited a lot.
(10) 我们面临一个必须做出艰难决定的局面。
We face a situation ________________________ we must make a difficult decision.
【高考真题链接】
2025 年全国甲卷（语法填空）
The studio ________ young artists practice traditional crafts has become a cultural landmark.
2024 年新高考 I 卷（语法填空）
I still remember the year ________ I first participated in the summer camp in Tibet.
2024 年北京卷（完形填空）
She created a community ________ people with similar interests share their stories.
A. where B. which C. when D. why
2023 年新课标 II 卷（语法填空）
The reason ________ he was late for the meeting was that his car broke down on the way.
2025 年全国乙卷（语法填空）
The library has a collection of books, some ________ are about environmental protection.
2023 年浙江卷（阅读理解 D 篇）
The author describes a time ________ people lived in harmony with nature, which inspires modern readers.
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