高考英语长难句分析 讲义学案（含答案）-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
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| 名称 | 高考英语长难句分析 讲义学案（含答案）-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项 |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 61.4KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-09-18 17:17:11 | ||
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文档简介
利用拆解法突破高考英语长难句分析
Teaching Aims:
了解从难句的构成，学会长难句的拆解
学会长难句的拆解，帮助理解语篇，从而帮助做题；
回顾五大基本句型
长难句构成部分
How is a long sentence formed
He works hard.
He works hard for a company.(介词短语prepositional phrases)
He works hard for a company which was founded in 2002.( 从句clauses)
Living with his son, he works hard for a company which was founded in 2002.（非谓语动词non-predicate verbs）
Living with his son, he works hard for a company which was founded in 2002 and most of his workmates show great respect for him.(并列结构parallel structures)
A long sentence
Step 1 Self-study
说出划线部分是修饰语中的哪一种
1.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. (22乙B)
2.When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. (21甲D)
找出句子主干
Mr. Bao, a nice gentleman of medium height with short black hair, is our geography teacher, who is strict with us and devoted to his work, thus deeply loved and admired by his students.
总结：三步读懂长难句，一找二括三划线
第一步：找标点，逗号，破折号中间基本可以判定为插入语，可以直接去掉
第二步：括修饰语：介短，非谓语动词和从句
第三步：划主干
小刀牛试，判断正误。
I have many books, some of them were bought by mother.
I have many books, and some of them were bought by mother.
I have many books, some of which were bought by mother.
答案：X X √
真题实战分析：
一找：找标点，逗号，破折号中间基本可以判定为插入语，可以直接去掉
Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world that is far busier, nosier and more intimate(亲密的) than the one we can see and hear. （全国二卷）
Bed that are too small, shower heads(淋浴喷头) that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room（腿部空间） all make life difficult for those of above average height.
二括：给修饰语modifiers介短，非谓和从句加（）。
Two of the authors of the review made a study published in 2014 which showed a five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(全国一卷语法填空题)
For many older people who lived in the country, driving was very important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out without having to rely on others.(全国二卷D篇)
三会意：抓主题，去修饰，划主干，逻辑关系要注意。
In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations, including UNESCO and National Geographic, have for many years been recording dying languages and the culture which they reflect.(全国一卷阅读D篇)
Many scholars are making efforts to________________.
Promote global languages.
Rescue the disappearing language.
Search for languages communities.
Set up languages research organizations.
答案：B
课堂巩固练习(注意一找二括三会意)
Back in 1983, as two scientists reported, young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighbouring plants can get.(全国二卷)
What does a plant do when it is under attack
It makes noise.
It gets help from other plants.
It stands quietly.
It sends out certain chemicals.
The world’s longest sea bridge, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge,____________(link) Hong Kong and Macau to mainland China.
I sat, in uniform, in a window seat,____________(avoid) eye contact with my fellow passegers.
A pair of red shoes---whether they are for sports, dances or just fashion---____________(be) a must-have for every Chinese woman’s shoe collection.
The film you look forward to___________(come) out soon.
Is this the factory___________you visited last week
Is this factory ___________you worked last year (选择题)
the one B. which C. where
答案：1. D 2. links 3. avoiding 4. is 5. will come 6. that/which 7. A
Step 2 Exercise and explanation.
1.如何化解含有复杂成分的简单句
[高考I卷C] Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.
主语___________,谓语____________
翻译：
Exe.
1. (全国Ⅲ卷·70) On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm, _________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
2.(新高考I卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether_________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
3.（全国乙卷）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully_________ (build) system of ring roads.
答案：1.listening 2.to bite; or 3.built
2.如何化解含有多个从句的复合句
【全国乙卷】If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.
主干_______________________, 句中if引导______从句，a history that does not privilege one part of humanity为_________语,对句子进行补充作用,a history 后的that引导______从句，主句后面because引导的状语从句中包含了while引导的______从句。
翻译：
Exe.
1. 【全国卷I】Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63.______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
2. (全国新高考1卷)What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 62._____ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
3.（全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, ______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, ______ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
答案: 1.where 2. was; which 3.where;borrowing
3.如何化解分隔句
【全国甲卷】Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams.
主干:
句中which引导_______从句，这个定语从句中还包含一个由and连接的并列句，破折号后的内容充当__________语，起解析说明的作用。
翻译：
Exe.
1.【全国卷I I】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 68._________(start) a soil-testing program 69._________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers —and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
2.【全国卷I】China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess — 61._______ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
3. (摸底）However, 62.______ this scholar carefully protected, during wars and social changes, is Shangshu, one of the "five classics" of Confucianism (儒家).
4. (摸底）Nevertheless, it was not 65.______ easy task for Tian Qinxin, the art director of the show, 66._________ (transform) an ancient classic into a one-hour stage show that connects with the people of today, especially those who 67.______ (grow) up in the 1990s and 2000s, when Chinese people's lives are much 68.______ (good) and our national strength is rising.
答案：1.started; which 2. touched 3. what 4. a; to transform; grew; better
4.如何化解省略句
（全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage while constantly growing.
主干________________ Having visited非谓语动词担当______，and连接的并列句后how引导______从句，后面的while引导______从句，while连接的非谓语的逻辑主语为a city。
翻译：
Exe.
【全国卷I I】China's approach to protecting its environment while 70______ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
She stood there as if _____ (wait) for someone.
5.如何化解语序改变句
1.[高考I卷D] In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too.
主语___________,谓语____________, not only 倒装还原后_________________
_____________________________________________________。
2.[高考II卷C] Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.
only倒装句还原后_______________________________________。
Exe.
1..( 湖北八省联考) Only then ____ we realize there was an earthquake. I was too frightened to move.
2.( 山东德州 高三试题)Not until last year _______ (do) they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
3.( 三湘名校联考) Not only _______ (do) the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water.
答案：1.did 2. did 3.does
Step 3 Summary（总结）
还原法拆解长难句，帮助理解语篇
找连词→ 去修饰 →留主干→调语序
1、对于理解语篇没有帮助的过渡性、修饰性从句不要过于纠结其句式结构。
2、考场上若碰到句式结构较为复杂的长难句实在无法拆解时把握住关键词也可帮助做题。
Step 4 Homework
阅读理解
1.The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos （甲卷B篇）
A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
2.First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖） .
Why was the sugar tax introduced (乙卷D篇）
A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children’s health. D. To encourage research in education.
3.Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.
What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney （甲卷D篇）
A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international.
4.The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像).
What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about （全国Ⅲ卷B篇）
A. The cost of making "Apes." B. The creation of digitalized apes.
C. The publicity about “Apes." D. The performance of real apes.
语法填空
1.（浙江1月卷）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes _______ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often _______ (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
2. （浙江1月卷）If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
用英语翻译以下句子：
南宁位于中国西南部，是广西壮族自治区的首府，面积为22,100平方公里，人口为8,752,500。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
step 4 Homework答案
阅读理解：DCAB
语法填空题：1. were permitted; featured 2. have started; designed
翻译：Located in the southwest of China, Nanning is the capital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region with a population of 8,752,500, covering an area of 22,100 square meters.
Teaching Aims:
了解从难句的构成，学会长难句的拆解
学会长难句的拆解，帮助理解语篇，从而帮助做题；
回顾五大基本句型
长难句构成部分
How is a long sentence formed
He works hard.
He works hard for a company.(介词短语prepositional phrases)
He works hard for a company which was founded in 2002.( 从句clauses)
Living with his son, he works hard for a company which was founded in 2002.（非谓语动词non-predicate verbs）
Living with his son, he works hard for a company which was founded in 2002 and most of his workmates show great respect for him.(并列结构parallel structures)
A long sentence
Step 1 Self-study
说出划线部分是修饰语中的哪一种
1.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. (22乙B)
2.When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. (21甲D)
找出句子主干
Mr. Bao, a nice gentleman of medium height with short black hair, is our geography teacher, who is strict with us and devoted to his work, thus deeply loved and admired by his students.
总结：三步读懂长难句，一找二括三划线
第一步：找标点，逗号，破折号中间基本可以判定为插入语，可以直接去掉
第二步：括修饰语：介短，非谓语动词和从句
第三步：划主干
小刀牛试，判断正误。
I have many books, some of them were bought by mother.
I have many books, and some of them were bought by mother.
I have many books, some of which were bought by mother.
答案：X X √
真题实战分析：
一找：找标点，逗号，破折号中间基本可以判定为插入语，可以直接去掉
Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world that is far busier, nosier and more intimate(亲密的) than the one we can see and hear. （全国二卷）
Bed that are too small, shower heads(淋浴喷头) that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room（腿部空间） all make life difficult for those of above average height.
二括：给修饰语modifiers介短，非谓和从句加（）。
Two of the authors of the review made a study published in 2014 which showed a five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(全国一卷语法填空题)
For many older people who lived in the country, driving was very important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out without having to rely on others.(全国二卷D篇)
三会意：抓主题，去修饰，划主干，逻辑关系要注意。
In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations, including UNESCO and National Geographic, have for many years been recording dying languages and the culture which they reflect.(全国一卷阅读D篇)
Many scholars are making efforts to________________.
Promote global languages.
Rescue the disappearing language.
Search for languages communities.
Set up languages research organizations.
答案：B
课堂巩固练习(注意一找二括三会意)
Back in 1983, as two scientists reported, young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighbouring plants can get.(全国二卷)
What does a plant do when it is under attack
It makes noise.
It gets help from other plants.
It stands quietly.
It sends out certain chemicals.
The world’s longest sea bridge, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge,____________(link) Hong Kong and Macau to mainland China.
I sat, in uniform, in a window seat,____________(avoid) eye contact with my fellow passegers.
A pair of red shoes---whether they are for sports, dances or just fashion---____________(be) a must-have for every Chinese woman’s shoe collection.
The film you look forward to___________(come) out soon.
Is this the factory___________you visited last week
Is this factory ___________you worked last year (选择题)
the one B. which C. where
答案：1. D 2. links 3. avoiding 4. is 5. will come 6. that/which 7. A
Step 2 Exercise and explanation.
1.如何化解含有复杂成分的简单句
[高考I卷C] Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.
主语___________,谓语____________
翻译：
Exe.
1. (全国Ⅲ卷·70) On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm, _________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
2.(新高考I卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether_________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
3.（全国乙卷）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully_________ (build) system of ring roads.
答案：1.listening 2.to bite; or 3.built
2.如何化解含有多个从句的复合句
【全国乙卷】If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.
主干_______________________, 句中if引导______从句，a history that does not privilege one part of humanity为_________语,对句子进行补充作用,a history 后的that引导______从句，主句后面because引导的状语从句中包含了while引导的______从句。
翻译：
Exe.
1. 【全国卷I】Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63.______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
2. (全国新高考1卷)What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 62._____ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
3.（全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, ______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, ______ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
答案: 1.where 2. was; which 3.where;borrowing
3.如何化解分隔句
【全国甲卷】Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams.
主干:
句中which引导_______从句，这个定语从句中还包含一个由and连接的并列句，破折号后的内容充当__________语，起解析说明的作用。
翻译：
Exe.
1.【全国卷I I】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 68._________(start) a soil-testing program 69._________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers —and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
2.【全国卷I】China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess — 61._______ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
3. (摸底）However, 62.______ this scholar carefully protected, during wars and social changes, is Shangshu, one of the "five classics" of Confucianism (儒家).
4. (摸底）Nevertheless, it was not 65.______ easy task for Tian Qinxin, the art director of the show, 66._________ (transform) an ancient classic into a one-hour stage show that connects with the people of today, especially those who 67.______ (grow) up in the 1990s and 2000s, when Chinese people's lives are much 68.______ (good) and our national strength is rising.
答案：1.started; which 2. touched 3. what 4. a; to transform; grew; better
4.如何化解省略句
（全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage while constantly growing.
主干________________ Having visited非谓语动词担当______，and连接的并列句后how引导______从句，后面的while引导______从句，while连接的非谓语的逻辑主语为a city。
翻译：
Exe.
【全国卷I I】China's approach to protecting its environment while 70______ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
She stood there as if _____ (wait) for someone.
5.如何化解语序改变句
1.[高考I卷D] In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too.
主语___________,谓语____________, not only 倒装还原后_________________
_____________________________________________________。
2.[高考II卷C] Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.
only倒装句还原后_______________________________________。
Exe.
1..( 湖北八省联考) Only then ____ we realize there was an earthquake. I was too frightened to move.
2.( 山东德州 高三试题)Not until last year _______ (do) they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
3.( 三湘名校联考) Not only _______ (do) the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water.
答案：1.did 2. did 3.does
Step 3 Summary（总结）
还原法拆解长难句，帮助理解语篇
找连词→ 去修饰 →留主干→调语序
1、对于理解语篇没有帮助的过渡性、修饰性从句不要过于纠结其句式结构。
2、考场上若碰到句式结构较为复杂的长难句实在无法拆解时把握住关键词也可帮助做题。
Step 4 Homework
阅读理解
1.The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos （甲卷B篇）
A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
2.First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖） .
Why was the sugar tax introduced (乙卷D篇）
A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children’s health. D. To encourage research in education.
3.Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.
What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney （甲卷D篇）
A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international.
4.The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像).
What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about （全国Ⅲ卷B篇）
A. The cost of making "Apes." B. The creation of digitalized apes.
C. The publicity about “Apes." D. The performance of real apes.
语法填空
1.（浙江1月卷）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes _______ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often _______ (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
2. （浙江1月卷）If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
用英语翻译以下句子：
南宁位于中国西南部，是广西壮族自治区的首府，面积为22,100平方公里，人口为8,752,500。
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step 4 Homework答案
阅读理解：DCAB
语法填空题：1. were permitted; featured 2. have started; designed
翻译：Located in the southwest of China, Nanning is the capital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region with a population of 8,752,500, covering an area of 22,100 square meters.