课件70张PPT。英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修5 Great ScientistsUnit 1Section Ⅱ Learning about LanguageⅠ.单词拼写
1．They thought he had escaped through a specially ____________ (建造) tunnel.
2．I believe that each of us can c________ to the future of the world.
3．The ________ (烟火) exploded in a shower of sparks.
4．These two accidents are closely ________ (连接) together.
5．The old man was laid up with a s________ stroke.
6．The hot weather is partly to ________ (谴责，责备) for the water shortage.constructedontributefireworklinkedevereblame
7．The President is preparing to ________ (宣布) his new plan on Tuesday.
8．No one could ________ (预见) his future accurately.announceforeseeⅡ.选择合适的词或短语完成句子
1．Considering that she did her work as her manager had __________ it was improper to criticize her.
2．The ____________ of the two new railway lines has been completed by now.
3．__________ the regular housing, almost every tribe had some style of housing.instructedconstructionApart from
4．Our athletes had won the most gold medals at 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games, and my colleagues shot ________ to celebrate it.
5．Dwelling Narrowness has succeeded in getting across much to the audience, which has ___________ to its success.fireworkscontributed1.contribute v.
(1)～(sth.)(to/towards sth.)捐献、捐赠(尤指款或物)，捐助
①The writer personally contributed $50,000 to the earthquake fund.
那位作家亲自捐赠了5万美元给地震基金。
②Would you like to contribute to our collection?
你愿意给我们的募捐捐款吗？(2)～(to sth.)是……的原因之一
①Medical negligence was said to have contributed to her death.
据说医务人员的玩忽职守是她死亡的原因之一。
②Does smoking contribute to lung cancer?
吸烟会导致肺癌吗？
(3)～(sth.)to sth.增加，增进，添加(到某物)
Her work has contributed enormously to our understanding of this difficult subject.
她的工作极有助于我们对这个困难问题的了解。
(4)～(sth.)(to sth.)(为报纸、杂志、电台或电视节目)撰稿，投稿
She has contributed (several poems) to literary magazines.
她给文学刊物投了(几首诗)稿。图解助记
contribute多层含义
Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to his returning to school. A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper.
好多人给那个可怜的孩子捐钱，使他可以重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投到了报社。contribution n.
①[C]捐款；捐资
All contributions will be gratefully received.
我们对所有捐资表示感谢。
②[C, usually sing.]贡献；促成作用
These measures would make a valuable contribution towards reducing industrial accidents.
这些措施将会对减少工业事故起重要作用。知识拓展
③[U]捐助；捐赠；(尤指)捐款
We rely entirely on voluntary contribution.
我们全靠自愿捐款。活学活用
(1)用恰当介词填空
Maintaining peace and stability of the South China Sea and the East China Sea will certainly contribute________a more prosperous Asian－Pacific area.
答案：to 句意：维持中国南海和中国东海的和平稳定，一定会使亚太地区更加繁荣。考查动词短语。contribute to促成，导致，符合语境。
(2)完成句子
他对太空发展计划已经作出了很大贡献。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the space development programme.
答案：He has made great contributions to2．construction n．建设；建筑物；结构
①The new airport is still under construction.
新机场仍在修建中。
②This is a fine construction.
这是一座完美的建筑。
③A learner's dictionary should give both the meanings of words and examples of the constructions in which they are used.
学生词典应该既提供词语的含义，又举出应用这些词语的结构的例子。
注意：under construction为固定用法，意思是“修建中”。知识拓展
construct v.
(1)建设，修建
①The Golden Gate Bridge was constructed from 1933 to 1937.
金门桥建于1933至1937年间。
②It took them two years to construct the building.
他们用了两年时间建这座大楼。
(2)创立(学说等)，构(词)，造句
①He constructed a theory with his colleagues.
他与他的同事合作创立了一种学说。
②I have not hesitated to construct arguments in its support.
我毫不踌躇地构思一些支持它的论据。
活学活用
用恰当介词填空
Besides a bridge ________ construction, the construction of the freeway goes well.
答案：under 句意：除了一座正在建造中的桥，这条高速公路的建设进展顺利。under construction“正在建造中”，是固定短语。
3．inspire v.
(1)～sb.(to sth.)|～sb. to do sth.激励，鼓舞
①His superb play inspired the team to a thrilling 5∶0 win.
他的出色表现使球队士气大振，以5∶0大获全胜。
②Such a development inspired us to work still harder.
这一发展鼓舞我们更努力地工作。
(2)赋予灵感，激发想法(尤指艺术的或虚构的)；启发，启示
①His noble example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts.
他那高尚的榜样激发我们大家更加努力。
②His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother.
他最好的乐曲创作灵感来自对他母亲的怀念。(3)～sb.(with sth.)|～sth.(in sb.)使产生(感觉或情感)
①The falling leaves inspired her with sadness.
＝The falling leaves inspired sadness in her.
落叶触动了她的伤感。
②His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.
＝His encouraging remarks inspired me with confidence.
他的一番鼓励激起了我的信心。①It's an inspired work of art.
这是一件得自灵感的艺术作品。
②He is an inspired poet.
他是一位富于灵感的诗人。(1)inspired adj.品质优秀的，能力卓越的，借助于灵感创作的
(2)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的，激励的，启发灵感的知识拓展
③The inspiring music acted on the emotions of the students.
那激昂的音乐使学生们情绪激昂。
④The songs we heard last night were most inspiring.
昨晚我们听的歌曲很令人鼓舞。
活学活用
完成句子
我希望这次成功能激励你更加努力。
I hope this success will________ ________ ________greater efforts.
答案：inspire you to1.apart from除……之外；此外
①Apart from my parents, I have no one to believe in.
除了我父母，我谁也不相信。(not including my parents)
②Apart from the cost, we need to think about how much time the job will take.
除了成本之外，我们还需要考虑这份工作要用多少时间。(including the cost)比较网站
in addition，besides，except，except for，apart from & but
(1)in addition相当于副词besides，表示“另外”；in addition to相当于介词besides。
(2)besides“除……之外(还)”，指在整体中加入一部分。
(3)except从所提到的人或事物中除去，即“从整体中除去一部分”。
(4)except for表示对整体部分的肯定和对局部的否定，起部分修正主要部分的作用。
(5)apart from既可表示besides，也可以表示except或except for，还可以表示without的意思。
(6)but在意思上相当于except，但常用在不定代词或疑问词后面。
活学活用
(1)补全句子
①除了上面布置的任务外，你还要写一篇关于环境污染的200字的作文。
________the assignment said above，you have to write a 200－word composition on environment pollution.
②除了学校以外，这个村庄还有一个诊所，它也是在政府的支持下建造的。
________ ________ ________the school，the village has a clinic，which was also built with government support.
答案：①Besides ②In addition to(2)选apart from，besides或except for填空
①________English，he has a good command of Russian and French.
答案：Apart from或Besides
②So far, the old villages of New England have changed relatively little ________ a gas station or two in recent decades.
答案：except for
③________ some pennies, I think there are only nine pounds left in my pocket.
答案：Besides/Apart from2．make sure确信，确保；查明，核实
①They scored another goal and made sure of victory.
他们又进了一球，确保了胜利。
②Our staff will do their best to make sure you enjoy your visit.
我们的人员会竭尽全力使您访问愉快。
③He looked around to make sure that he was alone.
他往四下看看是不是只有他一个人。注意：sure通常不用于有形式主语或形式宾语it的句子中，这种情况下一般用certain。make sure that...确保……
make sure of doing sth.确保做某事
be sure to do sth.一定要做某事；务必要做某事
be sure of (doing) sth.一定会(做)某事；某事肯定会发生知识拓展活学活用
补全句子
为了确定他在家，我事先打电话给他。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， I called him up in advance.
答案：Tomake sure that he was at home过去分词作定语和表语
Ⅰ.过去分词作定语
1．作定语的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动意义又表完成意义，但有时仅表示被动意义，不表示时间性。不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成意义。
①The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人正在医院受到良好的照料。(被动意义)
②They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。(完成意义)
③Did you accept the invitation given by the tour guide?
你接受导游的邀请了吗？(被动意义以及完成意义)2．过去分词作定语，常常位于其所修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时，常常位于其所修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从句。given, left等少数过去分词作定语修饰名词时，只能后置。这种置于名词之后的过去分词往往具有暂时性，其动词的性质较强。此外，过去分词修饰由every，some，any等构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，也要放在被修饰词的后面。
①The wounded soldier was looked after carefully.
那位受伤的战士受到了细心的照料。②Who were the guests invited(＝who had been invited) to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些客人是谁呀？
③Is there anything unsolved?
还有什么问题没有解决吗？
④There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.
自从我两年前离开这个镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。知识拓展1
1)过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。
①The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success.
这次会议有很多人出席，开得很成功。
②The book, written(＝which was written)in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.
这本书是1957年写的，讲述矿工斗争的故事。 2)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，表示人的表情、眼神、眼泪、声音等。这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。
①The frightened boy ran away.
惊恐的男孩跑开了。
②Hearing the encouraging news, the students gave out excited shouts.
听到这令人鼓舞的消息，同学们发出了热烈的欢呼声。知识拓展2
1)分词、动名词以及不定式在句中担任定语成分的差异：由不及物动词转化而来的现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行，而其过去分词形式则强调动作的完成或其逻辑主语所处的一种状态；由及物动词转化而来的现在分词作定语，强调主动，而其过去分词形式则强调被动或表示状态。注意：分词的完成式不作定语。
①The man standing under the tree is my uncle.
站在树下的那个人是我叔叔。
②The book published in March sells well.
三月份出版的这本书很畅销。2)动名词作定语，说明被修饰的名词的用途。
The soldiers each have a sleeping bag.
战士们每个人都有一个睡袋。
3)不定式作定语
(1)通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。
(2)当名词前有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，用不定式作后置定语。
①Madam Curie was the first to discover the element radium.
居里夫人是第一个发现镭的人。
②I have a lot of work to do.
我有许多事要做。Ⅱ.过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态或思想感情等，并无“完成”或“被动”之意。
①He looked worried after reading the letter.
看完信后，他显得很忧虑。
②When we heard of the story, we were deeply moved.
当我们听到这个故事时，被深深地感动了。
③He seemed quite delighted at the idea.
听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。 知识拓展1
常见的作表语的过去分词有：amused (愉快的)；connected (连接的)；broken (碎了的)；closed (关闭的)；astonished (吃惊的)；covered (覆盖的)；crowded (拥挤的)；delighted (高兴的)；disappointed (失望的); dressed (穿着的)；drunk (喝醉的)；experienced (有经验的)；gone (遗失的)；lost (丢失的)；worried (担忧的)；interested (感兴趣的)；tired (疲劳的)；pleased (高兴的); satisfied (满意的); surprised (吃惊的); married (已婚的)；known (著名的)等。 知识拓展2
1)现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质和特征；与主语(往往是物)构成逻辑上的主谓关系，译作“令/使人……的”。
①The story is interesting and I am interested in it.
这故事很有趣，我很感兴趣。
②The problem is confusing so the pupils are confused about it.
这个问题很迷惑，因此学生们感到很困惑。
2)动名词作表语是对主语内容的解释，主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。
①His work is cleaning all the windows of the company every day.
他的工作就是每天把公司的窗户擦干净。
②What they are worried about is being left behind.
他们所担心的是被落在后面。3)不定式作表语，一般紧跟在系动词be, seem, remain, appear, get的后面，用来说明主语的内容。当主语为名词dream, business, wish, idea, plan, job, work, task, duty时，表语也常用不定式，不用动名词。
①The aim is not just to keep busy.
其目的不仅是为了使每个人不闲着。
②He appears to want to leave.
他看来要走。知识拓展3
1)过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态；而被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成。试比较：
①My glasses are broken.
我的眼镜碎了。(状态)
②My glasses were broken by my son.
我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作)
③The library is closed.
图书馆关门了。(系表结构)
④The library is often closed at 6：30 in the afternoon.
图书馆通常在下午6：30关门。(被动语态)
2)有些过去分词用作表语，接近被动结构。
①The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.
这座城三面环山。
②I'm pleased with(by/at)what you said just now.
听了你刚才的话，我很高兴。高考真题链接
用词语的恰当形式填空
1．(2015·陕西卷改编)Back from his two－year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother ________ (take)good care of at home.
答案：taken 句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，Dr. Lee很高兴看见妈妈被照顾得很好。his mother和take care of是被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语，所以填taken。
2．(2015·江苏卷改编)Much time________(spend)sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
答案：spent 句意：上班族们坐在办公桌前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。
3．(2015·重庆卷改编)________(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to become a football star.
答案：Raised 句意：他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的主语是he，他在这个地方长大，两者之间是动宾关系，故填raised。
4．(2014·安徽卷改编)While waiting for the opportunity to get________(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
答案：promoted 本题考查的非谓语动词的固定搭配“get＋过去分词”，如“get burnt”被烫伤，get paid获得报酬；本句中的get promoted获得提拔。句意：在等待着被提拔的机会的时候，Herry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。
5．(2014·福建卷改编)For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________(connect)．
答案：connected 系动词stay/get后面经常接过去分词转换的形容词，如get paid获得报酬。get burnt被烫伤；本句中的stay connected保持联系。句意：对于那些家人在远方的人，电脑和电话在和家人保持联系方面是很重要的。6．(2014·重庆卷改编)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras________(return)to our shop for quality problems.
答案：returned 本题考查非谓语动词。句意：生产商定期来收集因质量问题而退回商店的相机。returned为过去分词，在句中修饰名词cameras，相机与退回为被动关系，故填returned。
7．(2014·北京卷改编)There are still many problems ________(solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
答案：to be solved 考查非谓语动词的用法。根据主语problems和solve之间的逻辑关系和从句的内容可知，这些问题还没有得到解决，故应用不定式表示还未发生的动作。句意：在准备好长期待在月球上之前我们还有许多问题需要解决。
8．(2014·浙江卷改编)Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________(appoint)to guard her.
答案：appointed 考查非谓语动词。句意：Amie Salmon，残疾，委派一位护士全程陪她上学。分析结构可知，此处是nurse后的定语；appoint与nurse之间为动宾关系，故要用过去分词作定语。专项练习
1．In some languages,100 words make up half of all words________(use)in daily conversations.
答案：used 考查非谓语动词。句意：在一些语言中，100个单词占据了日常对话中所使用的单词的一半。words后用非谓语动词作定语，words与use之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。
2．You cannot accept an opinion ________(offer)to you unless it is based on facts.
答案：offered 考查过去分词短语作后置定语。句意：你无法接受任何观点，除非它以事实为基础。分析句式结构可知，opinion需要定语，且offer与opinion之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。3．Let those in need ________(understand)that we will go all out to help them.
答案：understand 考查非谓语动词。句意：让那些困境中的人们理解我们会尽全力帮助他们的。let sb. do sth.让某人做某事。“三让”let、have、make表示“让某人做某事”时后面要接不带to的不定式作宾补。
4．The airport________(complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.
答案：to be completed 考查非谓语动词的用法。complete与airport之间为动宾关系而且根据next year可知动作尚未发生，故填to be completed。
5．Today there are more airplanes ________(carry)more people than ever before in the skies.
答案：carrying 考查非谓语动词。句意：现在天空中比以前有更多的飞机搭载乘客。分析结构可知，此处是there be结构，主语more airplanes后接了非谓语动词；并且，airplanes与carry之间为主谓关系，故要用现在分词作定语。
6．The question was so difficult to answer, and the students looked ________(puzzle)．
答案：puzzled 句意：这个问题很难回答，学生们看起来都迷惑不解。过去分词puzzled与连系动词look构成系表结构，表示一种状态，puzzled已形容词化，look puzzled“看起来迷惑”。现在分词作表语常说明主语的性质、特征等；不定式作表语表示将来或主语的具体内容。7．The design ________(appeal)to all the ages and social groups is not easy to make.
答案：appealing 句意：吸引各年龄段和社会群体的设计不容易做。the design与appeal to之间是逻辑上的主动关系，要用现在分词短语作定语。
8．In 1938, Pearl Buck became the first American woman ________(receive)the Nobel Prize for Literature.
答案：to receive 句意：1938年，赛珍珠是第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国女作家。由序数词修饰的词后，非谓语动词只能用不定式作定语。9．The news that he told us yesterday was ________(encourage)．
答案：encouraging 句意：他昨天告诉我们的消息令人鼓舞。此题中news与encourage之间是主动关系，且表示news的性质和特征，故用现在分词encouraging，表示“令人鼓舞的”。
10．With the government's aid, those ________(affect)by the earthquake have moved into the new settlements.
答案：affected 句意：在政府的帮助下，那些受地震影响的人已经搬进了新的居住区。分词作定语时，其逻辑主语是被修饰词。those与affect之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Work has been begun on the c______ of the new airport.
2．This book c______ to our understanding of his theory.
3．Who is r______ for the accident?
4．The ________ (烟花) exploded with a loud bang.
5．Computer users from around the world reported that the ________ (病毒) had invaded their systems.
6．He ________ (预料) that his journey would be delayed by bad weather.
答案：1.construction 2.contributes 3.responsible 4.firework 5.virus 6.foresawⅡ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1．(2015·湖南益阳改编) Our school，________(found)in 1955 will celebrate her 60th anniversary this October.
2．As we joined the big crowd, I got________(lose)．
3．The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to________(pollute)water anymore.
4．The woman liked the water so much that she had had it________(deliver)to her house.
5．John told the________ (astonish)people to remove the handle.6．The chairman announced the________news in an ________voice. (excite)
7．There is a red car ________(park) outside the house.
8．(2015·河北保定改编)We all felt ________(relax)as the work ________(complete)．
9．I have such a ________ job that I really felt ________ (tire)．
10．The girl looked up with a ________ (please)expression.
答案：1. founded 2.lost 3.polluted 4.delivered 5.astonished 6.exciting；excited 7.parking 8.relaxed；was completed 9.tiring；tired 10.pleased课件78张PPT。英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修5Great ScientistsUnit 1Section Ⅲ Using LanguageⅠ.下面是本部分的重点词汇，你能准确填出内容吗？
1．用所给单词的适当形式填空
(1)The workers are ____________ the bridge damaged by the flood, and the bridge under ____________ connects the road with the town.(construct)
(2)The famous star has ___________ a lot of money to the school and has made a great ___________ to the building of the school.(contribute)
(3)The girl student has a ________ attitude towards life, and I'm ________ that she will have a happy life all her life.(positive)constructingconstructioncontributedcontributionpositivepositive(4)In the dim light, something ________ fast in the distance, whose quick ___________ made us shocked.(move)
(5)She is ___________ about designing beautiful dresses, and she also admires all kinds of beautiful clothes with great ___________.(enthusiastic)
(6)__________， she drove her car to the main road. Because of the crowd, she drove all the way with great ________.(cautious)
(7)As soon as his design was ________， he also ________ the idea that he would stay here for his rest life.(reject)
(8)It is __________ known that the _______ is vast.(universal)movedmovemententhusiasticenthusiasmCautiouslycautionrejectedrejecteduniversallyuniverse2．补全下列短语
(1)come ________ an end 结束
(2)apart ________ 除……之外；此外
(3)________ one's own 某人自己的
(4)(be) strict ________ 对……严格的
(5)lead ________ 导致；通向
(6)________ sense 讲得通；有意义tofromofwithtomakeⅡ.重点句式
Only if you put the sun there ________ the movements of the other planets in the sky________________.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。didmake senseⅢ.阅读课文，回答下列问题
1．What did Nicolaus Copernicus's mathematical calculations lead to?
2．Why couldn't Nicolaus Copernicus tell others about his discovery?
3．When did Nicolaus Copernicus publish his ideas?
4．Did the Christian Church support Nicolaus Copernicus's theory?
5．How many scientists are mentioned in this passage? Who are they?答案：1.They led to a conclusion that the earth was not the center of the solar system.
2．Because the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.
3．As he lay dying in 1543.
4．No, it didn't. Instead, it rejected his theory.
5．Four scientists. Nicolaus Copernicus, Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.1.positive adj.
(1)～(about sth.)自信的，积极乐观的
She tries to be more positive about her new job.
她力求对新工作更有信心。
(2)积极的，建设性的，朝着成功的
He has a positive attitude towards life.
他对生活持有积极的态度。
(3)表示赞同的，拥护的
We've had a very positive response to the idea.
我们对这个想法反应很好。(4)良好的，有益的，正面的
His family have a very positive influence on him.
他的家庭对他有十分良好的影响。
(5)～(about sth.)|～(that...)有绝对把握，确信，肯定
She was quite positive about the amount of money involved.
她对所涉及的钱数十分肯定。be positive of/about对……有把握
positively adv.确实地；肯定地；毫无疑问地
passive adj.消极的；被动的知识拓展比较网站
positive，certain，definite与sure
(1)positive：语气强烈，指对自己的看法或作的结论的正确性有不可动摇的信念。
(2)certain：与sure同义，但语气比sure强，着重指有确切理由或不容置疑的证据所支持的确信。
(3)definite：指已毫无怀疑的余地。
(4)sure：侧重主观上对某事确信无疑。
①There is positive proof that he did it.
有确凿的证据证明他做了这件事。②We are sure of his innocence.
我们确信他是无辜的。
③I'm quite certain of that.
对那事我完全可以肯定。
④It's definite that he'll be late again.
他肯定又要迟到了。活学活用
用恰当词语填空
Her ________character didn't help her become an actress.
答案：positive 句意：她积极向上的性格对她成为一名演员来说没有什么帮助。positive表示“积极的，向上的”，符合语境。2．movement n.
(1)[U & C](身体部位的)运动，活动，转动
She observed the gentle movement of his chest as he breathed.
她观察着他呼吸时胸部的微微起伏。
(2)[U & C]移动，迁移，转移，活动
Troop movements can be observed from space by a satellite.
借助卫星可观察到部队的调动。 比较网站
movement，move与motion
(1)movement：通常抽象地指有规则的动作或定向运动，也可用于特指政治性的运动。
(2)move：着重指开始的行动或变化。
(3)motion：指不处于静止状态而在移动的过程中，强调运动本身，而不涉及其动因。
①We are starting a movement to clean up the city.
我们正在发动一个清洁城市的运动。②He made a move toward the door.
他朝门口走去。
③The object is no longer in motion.
该物体已不处于运动状态。
活学活用
完成句子
我们在树林里寻找走动的痕迹。
We watched the________ ________ ________in the trees.
答案：signs of movement3．backward adv. & adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)
①He took a step backward to let her pass.
他向后退了一步，让她过去。
②The technology was backward, but the system worked.
虽然技术落后，但系统还有效。(1)backward(s)and forward(s)来来回回
(2)bend/lean over backwards(to do sth.)(＝make a great effort)尽力，竭力
(3)forward adv. & adj.向前地(的)知识拓展①She rocked backwards and forwards on her chair.
她坐在摇椅上前后摇晃着。
②Although we bent over backwards to please her, our new manager was still very critical of our work.
尽管我们竭力讨好新经理，但她仍然对我们的工作百般挑剔。
③Move forward carefully or you'll slip.
小心地往前走，不然会滑倒。
④He is forward in his English.
他的英语有进步。图解助记活学活用
补全句子
他的话让她很生气，于是她头也不回地走了。
She went without ________ ________ ________because she got very angry with his words.
答案：a backward glance4．spin
(1)vi. & vt.(spun，spun)(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)
①She got up and spun a little turn.
她站起来转了一圈。
②The wheels of the car were spinning.
轿车的轮子飞速旋转。
③Can you spin thread?
你会纺线吗？(2) n.
①[C & U]高速旋转
Give the washing a short spin.
把洗过的衣服稍稍甩一下。
②[U] (网球、板球)旋转
The pitcher gave spin to the ball.
投手使球旋转。
③[C] (乘汽车等)兜风
Get your bicycle and come for a spin.
骑上你的自行车去兜一圈。
活学活用
补全句子
妈妈过去自己纺线。
Mother ________ ________ ________ her own thread.
答案：used to spin5．enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的
①His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Coopernicus was cautious.
他的朋友们很热情，鼓励他把想法公诸于世，但哥白尼却小心谨慎。
②You don't sound enthusiastic about the idea.
你好像对这个想法不太感兴趣。(1)be enthusiastic about sth. 对某事很热衷，热爱
(2)be crazy/nuts about sb./sth.对某人很迷恋；对某事很热衷，很狂热
(3)enthusiasm n. 热心，热情，狂热
enthusiast n. 热衷于……的人，爱好者
enthusiastically adv. 热情地，热烈地知识拓展①He's always been enthusiastic about sports.
他一直对运动很热衷。
②He's crazy/nuts about basketball.
他热爱篮球。
活学活用
用恰当形式填空
She kept silent at first and I gathered from the way she replied that she wasn't very ________(enthusiasm)．
答案：enthusiastic 句意为“起初她保持沉默，而且我从她回答的方式判断，她并不热心”。此处需用形容作表语。
6．cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的
①Losses make us more cautious.
损失使我们更谨慎。
②A cautious mind is the half of wisdom.
谨慎小心近于明智。caution n．谨慎，小心；警告，告诫
vt.警告，告诫
cautionary adj.劝告的，告诫的
cautiously adv.谨慎地，小心地知识拓展比较网站
cautious, careful
这两个形容词均含有“小心的，谨慎的”之意。
(1)cautious指人因担心某事危险或不明智而缓慢行事或小心谨慎；着重考虑事情的后果，谨慎留意，防止出差错。
People are now more cautious about buying luxuries.
现在人们购买奢侈品都经过认真考虑。
(2)careful侧重做事谨慎、留心，特别注意一些细节地方。其内涵为确保万无一失而做事小心仔细，并非担心害怕。
Be careful not to wake the baby.
注意别吵醒了宝宝。活学活用
(1)用恰当形式填空
Dad always drives with________(cautious)．He always says safety is the most important thing in the world.
答案：caution 句意：爸爸开车一直十分小心。他总是说安全是世界上最重要的事情。考查名词。with caution小心地，介词with后需接名词形式。cautious为形容词，意为“谨慎的；小心的”，不符合语境。
(2)补全句子
政府始终对这种问题持谨慎态度。
The Government have always treated this kind of issues ________ caution.
答案：with7．reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃
①The suggestion was firmly rejected.
这个建议被断然否决。
②She rejected telling us the truth.
她拒不对我们讲实情。
③He rejected the old records.
他丢弃了那些旧唱片。
特别提示
reject后面通常跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，不跟不定式。比较网站
reject, refuse, decline, deny
这些动词均含“拒绝”之意。
(1)reject多指由于某物、某事或某行为不能让人满意而被当面直截了当地拒绝。
They rejected damaged goods.
他们拒收损坏的货物。
(2)refuse语气较重，指态度坚决，肯定无疑的拒绝。
He refused to take the money.
他拒绝接受此款。
(3)decline指正式地，婉言谢绝他人的帮助或邀请等。
I declined their offer of help.
我谢绝了他们提出的帮助。
(4)deny指坚决地拒绝接受、给予或承认。
She was angry at being denied the opportunity to see me.
因不准她见我，她非常生气。活学活用
(1)用恰当形式填空
I threatened to report the taxi driver for illegally ________ (reject)a passenger，but he pointed at his“Not for Hire”sign and drove away.
答案：rejecting 句意：我威胁说要举报出租车司机，因为他非法拒载乘客，但是他指了指“非出租”的牌子，然后开车走了。
(2)补全句子
社工的诚心建议最终使他摒弃了每天喝酒的坏习惯。
The social worker's sincere advice finally made him ________ his bad habit of drinking every day.
答案：reject1.be strict with...对……严格的
①He is very strict with his students.
他对学生很严格。
②Our manager is very strict with us.
我们的经理对我们要求很严格。be strict in/about (doing) sth.对(做)某事严格知识拓展①The teacher is strict about his work.
这位老师对工作严格要求。
②The hospital is quite strict about visiting hours.
该医院对探望时间的规定相当严格。活学活用
(1)用恰当介词填空
Our parents are very strict ________ us, but never too hard ________ us.
答案：with; on 句意：父母对我们要求非常严格，但从来不对我们太苛刻。be strict with sb.“对某人要求严格”；be hard on sb.“对某人苛刻”。(2)补全句子
①严格来说，西红柿并不是蔬菜。
Tomatoes are not，________(strict)speaking，vegetables.
②她不仅对我们所有人都很严格，对她自己的工作要求也很严格。
She is very strict not only________all of us，but________all her own work.
答案：①strictly ②with；about/in2．lead to
(1)导致，造成(结果)
①This will lead to great trouble.
这将导致极大的麻烦。
②Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.
过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。
(2)通向，通往
The path leads to the village.
这条小路通向村庄。lead sb. to do sth.使得某人做某事；引导某人做某事
lead up to sth.是……的先导；是导致……的原因
lead (sb./sth.) in sth.(在某活动或领域中)领先
result in导致，造成
result from由……造成；因……而发生
bring about导致，造成知识拓展活学活用
用恰当形式填空
It is sleeping late in the evening that leads to________(late)for work.
答案：being late 句意为“正是晚上睡得晚才导致了上班迟到”。lead to意为“导致”，其中to为介词，后跟动词－ing形式。该句为强调句型，是Sleeping late in the evening leads to being late for work.的强调形式。3．make sense
(1)有道理，有意义，讲得通
I don't think what he said makes any sense.
我认为他的话没有意义。
(2)是明智的，是合情理的
It makes good sense to grow fruit trees on the hillside.
在山坡上种果树是明智的。
(3)表述清楚，易于理解，道理明显
John wasn't making much sense on the phone.
约翰在电话里说得不大清楚。(1)make sense of sth. 理解，弄懂(不易理解的事物)
Can you make sense of this poem?
你能明白这首诗的含义吗？
(2)bring sb. to one's senses使某人醒悟过来
Only failure can bring her to her senses.
只有失败才能使她醒悟过来。
(3)come to one's senses恢复理性，苏醒
He waited for Dora to come to her senses and return.
他盼着多拉冷静下来后回来。知识拓展
(4)in a sense在某种意义上说
In a sense(＝in one way) it doesn't matter any more.
在某种意义上说，这事已无关紧要了。
(5)in no sense决不
In no sense can you do it.
你决不能做此事。活学活用
补全句子
(1)有时候需要重新组织故事的段落以使我们弄懂。
Sometimes paragraphs need to be rearranged for the story________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：to make sense to us
(2)不要再说了。比起你说的话，我们更相信事实。你的解释没有意义。
Don't say that any more.We all believe the facts rather than your words.What you have explained_____________________.
答案：makes no sense1.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
这是一个由only加状语从句放在句首引起的倒装句。句子的正常语序为：The movements of the other planets in the sky made sense only if you put the sun there.。“only＋状语或状语从句”置于句首时主句要使用部分倒装，即把主句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。但only如果不是修饰状语，即使放在句首，句子也不倒装。
①Only in this way can we solve the problem.
只有通过这种方式，我们才能解决这个问题。
②Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to get back home.
只有在1949年战争结束后，他才能返回家乡。
③Only some of the children seemed to have understood it.
似乎只有一部分孩子明白。比较网站
if only, only if
(1)if only“但愿……，要是……就好了”，常引导含虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句。
(2)only if“只要……”，only if本身是一个固定词组。only是副词，用来修饰整个if从句。若用于句首，后接从句，主句要部分倒装。
If only I had gone by taxi.
我要是乘出租车去就好了。活学活用
用恰当形式填空
Li Wei failed the job interview because of his poor English. Only then ________(realize)how important it was to learn English well.
答案：did he realize “only＋状语”放于句首时，句子应用部分倒装的形式。根据then可知时态应用一般过去时。2．He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.
他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。
本句中with the planets going round it and... the earth是with复合结构，在句中作状语。
with复合结构为“with＋宾语＋宾补”，在句中作状语或定语。其常见形式如下：(1)with＋名词(或代词)＋现在分词
With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.
由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起奢侈品。(原因状语)
(2)with＋名词(或代词)＋过去分词
The thief was brought in with his hands tied back.
小偷被带了进来，双手捆在背后。
(3)with＋名词(或代词)＋形容词
I like to sleep with the windows open.
我喜欢开着窗户睡觉。(伴随情况)(4)with＋名词(或代词)＋介词短语
①They often go climbing with bags on their backs.
他们经常背着书包去爬山。
②We live in a house with many flowers around it.
我们住在一所周围有很多花的房子里。(定语)
(5)with＋名词(或代词)＋副词
With the manager away, no one knew what to do.
经理不在，没有人知道该做什么。
(6)with＋名词(或代词)＋动词不定式，此时，不定式表示将发生的动作。
With a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out.
因为有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。(原因状语)活学活用
(1)完成句子
①他站着，手插在衣袋里。
He stood __________________________.
②这个男孩低着头站在那里。
The boy stood there ____________________.
答案：①with his hands in his pockets ②with his head down
(2)用恰当词语填空
________ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
答案：With 句意：担心着两次考试，这个周末我必须努力学习了。“with＋名词＋不定式”为with复合结构，不定式表示将要发生的动作，表示原因。(3)用恰当形式填空
With the rain ________(fall)so heavily, it becomes more and more difficult to carry on the rescue work.
答案：falling 句意：雨下得这么大，使救援工作的进行越来越困难。“with＋名词/代词＋不定式/分词/形容词等”可在句中作伴随、时间、原因等状语，本题中with复合结构作伴随状语，此处指雨还在下，表示正在进行的动作，故用现在分词形式。with复合结构中，名词/代词后用不定式表示将要发生的动作，用过去分词表示被动或完成的动作。写作指导人物类写作指导一、写作内容
1．age，sex，birth－place，background(概况)
2．appearance，character(外表、性格)
3．education(教育背景)
4．big events in his or her life(in order of time)(经历、生平)
5．evaluation(评价)二、写作技巧
1．介绍概况：同位语结构、分词结构，使文章简洁。如：
(1)Ye Shiwen，a world champion in swimming (一位游泳世界冠军)，is a girl of 17 from Zhejiang.(同位语)
(2)Born in Maryland，USA in 1985 (他1985年出生于美国马里兰州)，Michael Phelps is a famous swimmer.(分词短语)
2．描写外貌：巧用with短语。如：
My history teacher is a beautiful woman，with long hair and big eyes (她长着两只大眼睛，留着长发)．3．生平事迹：尽量用复合句、并列句、非谓语动词短语和倒装等高级语句。如：
(1)In his life，he got many honours，one of which is the 2012 CCTV Moving China Award (其中包括获得“2012感动中国年度人物”的称号)．(定语从句)
(2)In 2012，having broken the world record and got the gold medal (在他打破世界纪录并获得金牌之后)，he became the idol of the youth.(分词短语)
(3)Not only does he show interest in science (他不但对科学极有兴趣)，but also he has a gift for music.(倒装句式)
4．评价：尽量运用短语。如：
Zhang Lili set an good example to us(给我们树立了一个良好的榜样)，so all the people show great respect to her (很敬重她)．实战演练
根据下列提示，写一篇介绍我国著名的水稻专家袁隆平的文章。
1．袁隆平， 1937年9月7日出生在重庆的一个贫困农民家庭。
2．1953年毕业于西南农学院，毕业后被分配到湘西农校任教。
3．1964年开始从事水稻研究。1981年荣获我国第一个国家发明特等奖，被国际上誉为“杂交水稻之父”。
4．生活简朴，不计名利。
注意：(1)要有标题。
(2)介绍须包括所有内容要点，但不要逐条译成英语。
写作要求：只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。
______________________________________________
______________________________________________参考范文：
Father of Hybrid Rice
Born on September 7, 1937 in Chongqing, Yuan Longping was from a poor farmer's family. Having graduated from Southwest Agriculture College in 1953, he was sent to work as a teacher in the Agriculture School in the west of Hunan. He began his research in rice in 1964 and got the First National Special Prize for Invention in 1981. He is honored as “Father of Hybrid Rice” by the international friends. Famous as he is, he cares little for money and fame.Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She had a great eye for color and came up with some ________ (有创造力的) ideas for our house.
2．He is p________ to believe in the being of God.
3．Scientists watch the moon to get data about its ________ (运动，移动)．
4．Yesterday one told me that there is a kind of bird; it's the only one which can fly b________.
5．Let's s________ the coin to decide whether to go or not.
6．A lot of people in Shanghai are e________ football fans.7．We shouldn't r________ his offers because the time is running out.
8．She p_____ told the secret to me and I promised to keep it.
9．In the _____ (革命的) practice, he went for truth all the way.
10．She is an ________ (专家) on these incredible animals and has made it her life work to study them.
答案：1.creative 2.positive 3.movement 4.backward 5.spin 6.enthusiastic 7.reject 8.privately 9.revolutionary
10．expertⅡ.用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空1．Our coach________us when we practiced driving cars.
2．I tend to accept any idea________by experts on TV.
3．You can be really annoying________ you know.
4．Eating too much sugar can________health problems.
5．He was________refusing to answer their questions.
6. ________you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.7．It doesn't________to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
8．For a few weeks in the summer, visitors are able to________Buckingham Palace.
9．I don't have time to________you about this.
10. I had a good impression of Tom when I met him________.
答案：1.was strict with 2.put forward 3.at times 4.lead to 5．punished for 6.Only if 7.make sense 8.go round 9.argue with 10.for the first timeⅢ.用适当的介词或副词填空
1．The quarrel led ________ the fighting between the two villagers.
2．He is always positive ________ trying new ideas.
3．His father is very strict ________ him and ________ his studies too.
4．We should base our theory ________ facts.
5．The photo calls up the memory of his childhood ________ times.
答案：1.to 2.about 3.with；in/about 4.on 5.at课件12张PPT。英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 必修5Great ScientistsUnit 1(2015·课标全国Ⅱ·C)
More students than ever before are taking a gap－year (间隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the “year off”between school and university.The gap－year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year,25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year，according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS)．
That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a well－planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，”he said.But not everyone is happy.Owain James，the president of the National Union of Students(NUS)，argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship—young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt.It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods，”he said.
文章大意：本文讲述了在美国，越来越多的高中毕业生通过休学一年的方式(gap year)来积累经验，为未来的大学生活做准备，但是也有人认为，在这一年里很多学生不得不被迫打工赚取上学的费用。1．What do we learn about the gap year from the text?
A．It is flexible in length.
B．It is a time for relaxation.
C．It is increasingly popular.
D．It is required by universities.
答案：C 细节理解题。由第一段第一句More students than ever before are taking a gap－year (间隔年)before going to university.及第三段第一句That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.可知，间隔年越来越受到欢迎，故选C项。2．According to Tony Higgins，students taking a gap year______.
A．are better prepared for college studies
B．know a lot more about their future jobs
C．are more likely to leave university in debt
D．have a better chance to enter top universities
答案：A 推理判断题。由题干中的人名Tony Higgins定位到文章第三段，根据他所说的话“Students who take a well－planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，”可知，他认为，花费一年时间计划的学生更成熟和有责任感，由此可以推断出他认为他们能更好地为大学学习做准备，故选A项。3．How does Owain James feel about the gap－year phenomenon?
A．He's puzzled. B．He's worried.
C．He's surprised. D．He's annoyed.
答案：B 推理判断题。由题干中的Owain James定位到文章最后一段，根据第二句．..young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.可知，越来越多的学生会在结束学业之前被迫去挣钱，他对此是担忧的，故选B项。4．What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?
A．Attend additional courses.
B．Make plans for the new term.
C．Earn money for their education.
D．Prepare for their graduate studies.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods...可知此处应选C项。
