A natural disaster is an event with a natural,as opposed to human,cause that results in large-scale loss of life or damage to property.It could be related to weather,geology,biology or even factors outside the Earth.
Part 1 核心考点突破
阅读单词
1.landslide n.(also landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌;滑坡
2.tornado n.(pl.-oes or-os)龙卷风;旋风
3.lightning n.闪电
4.tsunami n.海啸
5.magnitude n.震级;重大
6.lava n.熔岩;岩浆
7.crack n.裂纹;裂缝
vi.& vt.(使)破裂
8.unearth vt.使出土,挖掘,发掘
9.brick n.砖;砖块
10.metal n.金属
11.orderly adj.有秩序的,有条理的
12.volcano n.(pl.-oes or-os)火山
13.typhoon n.台风
14.thunderstorm n.雷暴
15.hurricane n.(尤指西大西洋的)飓风
核心单词
1.drought n.旱灾;久旱
2.disaster n.灾难;灾害
3.track n.轨道;足迹
v.跟踪;追踪
4.flood n.洪水;大量
vi.淹没;大量涌入
vt.使灌满水;淹没
5.sharp adj.灵敏的;锋利的;急剧的
6.rescue n.& vt.营救;救援
7.damage vt.损害;破坏
n.损坏;损失
8.forecast v.& n.预测;预报
9.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
10.signal vi.& vt.发信号,示意
n.信号;标志
11.shelter n.避难处;居所;庇护
vt.保护;掩蔽
vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
12.ruin n.& vt.破坏;毁坏
13.relief n.宽慰,轻松
14.trap vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套
n.险境;陷阱
15.supply n.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品
vt.供应;供给
16.otherwise adv.否则,不然;除此以外
运用词汇
1.inform vt.通知;了解→information n.信息→informed adj.有学问的;有见识的→informative adj.有教育意义的
2.shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.震惊的;惊讶的
3.destructive adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的→destroy v.破坏→destruction n.破坏
4.wisdom n.智慧;才智→wise adj.明智的→wisely adv.聪明地;明智地→unwise adj.不明
智的
5.revive vt.& vi.复活;(使)苏醒→revival n.振兴;复苏
6.announcement n.通告,公告→announce vt.通告,公告
7.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n.折磨;苦难
8.survive vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过→survival n.幸存;残存物→survivor n.幸存者;
生还者
9.distance n.遥远;久远;距离→distant adj.遥远的→distantly adv.远离地
10.bury vt.埋葬;安葬→buried adj.专心致志的
重点词块
1.safe and sound 安然无恙的
2.set up 建立
3.as if 似乎;好像;仿佛
4.occur to 被……想到;浮现在……脑中
5.in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪
6.to one’s relief 让某人宽慰的是
7.in shock 震惊;吃惊
8.suffer from 遭受
9.make up for 弥补,补偿
重点句型
1.她太紧张了,不敢在公众面前讲话。(too...to...)
She was too nervous to speak in public.
2.她每到一处旅行,都会交到很多朋友。(everywhere引导地点状语从句)
Everywhere she travels,she makes a lot of friends.
3.他好像对这个计划不感兴趣。(It seemed as if...)
It seemed as if he were not interested in the plan.
4.这项任务不可能在一天内完成。(主语+be+adj.+to do)
The task is impossible to finish in one day.
5.那本封面很漂亮的书很受欢迎。(whose引导定语从句)
The book whose cover is very beautiful is very popular.
[教师备用]
答案:1.too nervous to eat 2.to hide 3.were heard 4.cut across 5.in ruins 6.provide medical care
( )1.In what order did the writer write the text
A.In order of place. B.In order of time.
C.In order of importance. D.In order of position.
( )2.What are the second and third paragraphs mainly about
A.The great loss the earthquake caused to Tangshan.
B.The number of people killed or injured.
C.When and where the earthquake happened.
D.The cause of the big earthquake in Tangshan.
( )3.What does the last sentence “Slowly,the city began to breathe again.” in the last but one paragraph mean
A.People who were trapped came to life. B.The trees turned green.
C.The animals began to breathe. D.The city returned to normal gradually.
答案:1.B 2.A 3.D
1.rescue n.& vt.营救;救援
An official from the rescue centre said the rescue operation was a race against time.
救援中心的一名官员表示,救援行动就是与时间赛跑。
With the help of a ladder,neighbours were able to rescue the trapped woman from the big fire.
邻居们借助一把梯子把受困的女士从大火中救了出来。
归纳拓展 ·rescue sb/sth from ...从……中营救某人/某物 ·come to one’s rescue=rescue sb援救某人
句子语法填空
①At noon we finally (rescue) the tourists who were trapped in the valley.
②He and his classmates were crying on the playground,not knowing what was going on,when the rescue workers came their rescue.
③The firemen rescued six children the burning house yesterday.
答案:①rescued ②to ③from
A fire broke out in that building yesterday and the Smiths were caught in the fire.The rescue team immediately came to their rescue and rescued all the family from the big fire.
昨天那栋楼里发生了火灾,史密斯一家被困在了火中。救援队立即赶来援救,把这一家人全都从大火中救出来了。
2.damage vt.损害;破坏
n.损坏;损失
(2023·浙江1月卷)Habitat loss,pesticide use,and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades,which has damaged the US agricultural economy.
在过去的几十年里,栖息地的丧失、灭虫剂的使用以及气候变化已经导致了传粉昆虫数量的急剧下降,这破坏了美国的农业经济。
Once,when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆),I fell onto the stones,damaging a nerve in my hand...
一次,我在尝试横杆滑板技巧的时候,摔倒在石头上,伤到了手上的神经……
归纳拓展 ·cause/do damage to对……造成损害 pay for the damage赔偿损失 ·damage one’s health损害某人的健康
(1)句子语法填空
①The old lady did everything in her power to protect the old temple from (damage).
②The storm did some damage the crops.
(2)一句多译
众所周知,白色垃圾会对环境造成很大的危害。
③ (damage vt.)
④ (damage n.)
答案:(1)①being damaged ②to (2)③It’s well known that white trash greatly damages the environment. ④As we all know,white trash does great damage to the environment.
3.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
effect n.作用;影响;结果;效果
As far as I’m concerned,following others’ advice without thinking will affect our own decision.
在我看来,不假思索地接受他人的意见将影响我们自己的决定。
Affected by the professor’s inspiring speech,she determined to be a scientist in her future.
被教授鼓舞人心的演讲深深打动,她决定将来要成为一名科学家。
归纳拓展 ·be affected by 受……的影响;被……深深打动 be affected with 感染……疾病 ·have an effect/influence/impact on 对……有影响
(1)句子语法填空
①Last week,the big storm (affect) the village greatly,destroying houses and causing a few deaths.
②Affected a bad cold,Tom still continued to do his work.
(2)完成句子
③ (被……深深地打动) the story in the book,the little boy couldn’t hold back his tears.
④Scientists are convinced that laughter (对……有积极的影响) people’s physical and mental health.
答案:(1)①affected ②with (2)③Affected by
④has a positive effect/influence/impact on
4.ruin n.& vt.破坏;毁坏
The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake,which made us awake all night.
地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟,这让我们彻夜未眠。
The sudden coming of the shower ruined our picnic in the park last Sunday.
上周日突如其来的阵雨毁了我们在公园的野餐。
归纳拓展 ·lie/be in ruins成为废墟;严重受损;破败不堪 fall into ruin灭亡;毁坏;败落 ·ruin one’s future/health/fame毁掉某人的前程/健康/名誉
damage 表示“损害;破坏”,主要指对价值和功能的破坏,多用于无生命的事物,一般可以修复
destroy 表示“摧毁;毁灭”,主要指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或变得无用,一般不能或很难恢复
ruin 表示“破坏;毁坏”,表示严重破坏,以致不能修复,但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭得彻底,而是强调致使某物的使用价值产生了问题
(1)句子语法填空
①With time going on,the castle which was once a beautiful sight is now totally ruins.
②Shortly after suffering from a big earthquake and being reduced to (ruin),the city took on a new look.
③He made a mistake, (ruin) his chance to be promoted as the manager of the company.
(2)完成句子
④He is a man of vision and thought,and will not let these little things
(毁掉他的大好前程).
答案:(1)①in ②ruins ③ruining (2)④ruin his promising future
5.shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克
vt.(使)震惊
shocked adj.震惊的;惊讶的
shocking adj.令人震惊的
Rescue workers were shocked by what they saw.
救援人员被眼前的景象惊呆了。
I looked at him in shock,waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.
我震惊地望着他,等着他告诉我,这一切都是我的误解。
归纳拓展 ·be a shock to sb使……吃惊 in shock 震惊;吃惊 to one’s shock 令某人震惊的是 ·be shocked at/by sth 对……吃惊 be shocked to do sth 做某事很吃惊 be shocked that 对……感到吃惊
句子语法填空
①The boy lay on the beach,exhausted and (shock).
② Of course,there are some people who find the decision (shock) and unreasonable,but there are more people who think it’s fine.
③Everybody was shock when hearing they would take a test on Sunday instead of having a picnic.
④His situation was great shock to all of us.
答案:①shocked ②shocking ③in ④a
6.trap vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套
n.险境;陷阱
When travelling they were trapped in the mountain,waiting to be rescued.
旅行时,他们被困在山上,等待救援。
It was too late for the rat to realise that it was a trap waiting for the rat.
老鼠意识到这是一个等待它的陷阱,但为时已晚。
Rescuers were still working their way towards the trapped men.
营救人员仍在艰难地向被困者的方向前进。
归纳拓展 ·be trapped in...被困在……;陷入……中 trap sb into (doing) sth 诱使某人(做)某事/陷入某事 ·set a trap for给……设置陷阱;布下圈套 fall into a trap落入圈套/陷阱
句子语法填空
①He tried to save two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days.
②If you choose this way,you will probably fall into trap.
③The little rabbit was smart and swift,avoiding falling the trap set by the fox.
答案:①had been trapped ②a ③into
7.bury vt.埋葬;安葬
She held her mother closely,burying her head against her mother’s shoulder.
她紧紧地抱住她的妈妈,把头靠在她妈妈的肩上。
He buries himself in the medicine research,which he believes will save many people’s lives.
他潜心于医学研究,他相信这将挽救许多人的生命。
He is buried in writing his novel;in other words,he can’t spare any time to take a trip with us.
他埋头写小说;换句话说,他抽不出一点时间和我们一起去旅行。
归纳拓展 bury one’s face/head in one’s hands双手掩面/捂头 bury oneself in (doing) sth=be buried in (doing) sth 埋头于/专心于(做)某事
(1)完成句子
①Upon hearing the news,he (双手掩面).
(2)一句多译
由于埋头读书,他不知道外面下雪了。
② (使用burying作状语)
③ (使用buried作状语)
答案:(1)①buried his face in his hands
(2)②Burying himself in reading,he didn’t know it was snowing outside. ③Buried in reading,he didn’t know it was snowing outside.
8.effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
你可以将这些做法视为一个工具箱,旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己个人情况的极简主义生活方式。
(2022·全国乙卷)...but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain.
但是异地友谊——即使是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去努力维系。
归纳拓展 put one’s effort into doing sth把某人的精力投入到做某事中 make an effort/efforts to do sth努力/尽力做某事 spare no effort to do sth不遗余力地做某事 with/without effort费力地/毫不费力地
(1)句子语法填空
①Parents often arrange everything for their children and spare no effort (help) their children achieve success.
②I don’t like to make friends with people who don’t make effort.
(2)一句多译
我们将竭尽全力帮你走出困境。
③ (make every effort)
④ (spare no effort)
答案:(1)①to help ②an (2)③We will make every effort to help you out of trouble. ④We will spare no effort to help you out of trouble.
9.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受
vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
suffering n.苦难;痛苦;疼痛;折磨
sufferer n.受难者;患病者
If I choose not to learn from people of great virtue,I will suffer a great loss.
如果我不肯向品德优秀的人学习,我的损失是很大的。
There are always some ups and downs in our lives,but it is the suffering that make us stronger.
生活中总有一些起起伏伏,但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。
归纳拓展 suffer from 患……病;因……而受苦;遭受 suffer losses/pain遭受损失/痛苦
完成句子
①已经筹集了很多钱来帮助遭受洪灾的人们。
Much money has been raised to help those .
②尽管遭受如此严重的自然灾害,但只要不灰心,我们终会克服困难。
Although such a serious natural disaster,we’ll eventually overcome the difficulty as long as we don’t lose heart.
答案:①suffering from the floods ②we are suffering
10.supply n.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品
vt.供应;供给
Low-priced goods of good quality are always in short supply.
物美价廉的商品总是供不应求。
The government has supplied plenty of food and clothes to the local people since the earthquake occurred.
→The government has supplied the local people with plenty of food and clothes since the earthquake occurred.
政府在地震发生后已经向当地人民提供了大量的食物和衣服。
归纳拓展 ·in short supply 供应不足 ·supply sth to sb向某人提供某物 supply sb with sth给某人供应某物
表示“给某人提供某物”的其他表达:
provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb
offer sb sth=offer sth to sb
(1)一句多译
这个图书馆非常大,可以提供你需要的各种书籍。
①This library is very large and can that you need.
②This library is very large and can that you need you.
(2)句子语法填空
③I want to know the reason why the fresh fruit is short supply in this area.
④Food (supply) in the flood-hit area are running out.
答案:(1)①supply you with all kinds of books
②supply all kinds of books;to (2)③in ④supplies
11.survive vi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艰难度过
survivor n.幸存者;生还者
survival n.幸存;残存物
(2023·浙江1月卷)Had she managed to find her way back home,or was she still out there somewhere struggling to survive
她是已经找到了回家的路还是仍然在某个地方努力地生存呢
She survived her husband by ten years,which can be owing to her healthy lifestyle.
她比她丈夫多活了十年,这可能得益于她健康的生活方式。
归纳拓展 survive sth幸免于/从……中挺过来/活过来 survive from...从……存活下来 survive on...依靠……生存下来 A survive B by...A比B活得长……
(1)写出下列句中survive的含义
①The traveller trapped in the lonely island survived on the fish caught in the sea.
②He was very lucky that he didn’t starve to death,and survived the cold winter.
③The old lady has survived her elder brother by ten years.
(2)完成句子
④据我所知,他在沙漠里靠一瓶水活了下来。
As far as I know,he a bottle of water in the desert.
答案:(1)①生存;存活 ②艰难度过 ③比……活得长 (2)④survived on
as if/though 引导的从句
Look at the dark clouds in the sky!It looks as if it is going to rain.Let’s hurry up.
看看天上的乌云!看起来像是要下雨,咱们快一点。
The country,covered with cherry blossoms,looks as if it were covered with pink snow.(与现在事实相反)
开满樱花的乡村,看起来犹如铺满了粉红色的雪。
He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.(与过去事实相反)
他说起罗马来就好像他以前去过那里似的。
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.(与将来事实相反)
他张开嘴好像要说点什么。
完成句子
①当把一支铅笔的一部分放进水中,它看上去就像断了一样。
When a pencil is partly put into water,it looks as if .
②他非常沮丧,似乎被扔进了一片悲伤的海洋。
He was quite upset and it seemed as if .
③看起来会议好像永不会结束。
It seems as if .
答案:①it were broken ②he had been thrown into an ocean of sadness ③the meeting would never come to an end
场景描写
1.be in a mess乱七八糟
2.be in complete disorder凌乱不堪
3.be trapped in the dark 被困在黑暗中
4.be reduced to ruins成为废墟
5.be in chaos一片混乱
6.be swallowed by...被……吞没
7.be blanketed in被……笼罩
8.be scattered across the ground 散落在地面上
9.be consumed by the big fire被大火吞噬
1.After a flash of lightning and a burst of thunder,rain started to pour down,beating heavily against the windows.
电闪雷鸣过后,大雨倾盆而下,重重地敲打着窗户。
2.Through the heavy rain,people can vaguely see the collapsed houses and bridges.
透过大雨,人们隐约能看到那些倒塌的房屋和桥梁。
3.Waves about ten metres high came rushing in,drowning everything.
约10米的巨浪喷涌而入,淹没了一切。
4.After the earthquake,the area was in chaos:no electricity,roads blocked,injured people everywhere.
地震过后,那个地区一片混乱:没有电,道路堵塞,到处是受伤的人。
1.我们的露营地位于森林深处,随着所有物资被大火吞噬,我们几乎彻底与外界断了联系。
2.一会儿,整个房子便被大火吞噬,这让人们感到非常惊恐。
答案:1.Our campsite was deep in the forest,so with all of our supplies consumed by the big fire,we were almost completely cut off from the outside world.
2.In a minute,the entire house was consumed by the big fire,which deeply frightened the people.
课文二次开发利用
[教师备用]
课文语法填空
Many strange things had happened before Tangshan earthquake happened.The well walls had deep cracks.Some 1. (smell) gas came out of wells.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat.At 3:42 a.m. 2. 28 July 1976,everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world 3. (come) to an end.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In less than one minute,the whole city lay in 4. (ruin).Two thirds of the people died or were injured.Everything in the city was destroyed.People 5. (shock) at this and wondered how long the disaster would last.
The army organised teams to dig out those 6. were trapped and to bury the dead.Workers built shelters for survivors.Fresh water and food 7. (take) to the city.Slowly,the city began 8. (breathe) again.With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people,9. new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.It has proved that in times of disaster,people must unify and show the 10. (wise) to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
答案:1.smelly 2.on 3.were coming 4.ruins 5.were shocked 6.who 7.were taken 8.to breathe 9.a 10.wisdom
语法专项指导
定语从句(一)
一、定语从句的概念和位置
1.概念:定语从句起形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词常有三个作用:
①连接作用,连接主句和定语从句。
②指代先行词。
③在定语从句中充当成分。
2.位置:通常放在被修饰词(即先行词)之后。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
关系 代词 先行 词 从句成分 可否 省略 例句
who 人 主语、宾语 作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可省略 I know the boy who is sitting under the tree.
whom 人 宾语 一般可省略,但在介词后不可省略 I met the man with whom you talked yesterday.
whose 人、物 定语 不可 省略 The man whose wife is a teacher is my uncle.
that 人、物 主语、 宾语、 表语 作主语时不可省略,作宾语和表语时可省略 I like the gift (that) my father gave to me.
which 物 主语、 宾语 作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可省略,但在介词后不可省略 The party which was held last night was a great success.
关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1.关系代词who、whom、that。
这些关系代词的先行词是表示人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语或者宾语。
I’d really like to find a friend who/that has the same interest as me.
我真的想找一个和我有同样兴趣爱好的朋友。(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man (who/whom/that) I helped last Sunday.
他就是我上周日帮助过的那个男人。(who/whom/that在从句中作宾语)
句子语法填空
①Do you know the girl is talking with our maths teacher
②The woman I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.
答案:①who/that ②who/that/whom或不填
2.关系代词whose。
用来指人或物(用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。
I want to read the book whose cover is blue,and please pass it to me.
=I want to read the book of which the cover is blue,and please pass it to me.
=I want to read the book the cover of which is blue,and please pass it to me.
我想看那本封面是蓝色的书,劳驾您递给我。
This is the person whose story surprises everybody.
就是这个人的故事让所有人感到吃惊。
翻译句子
①很多学生参加了那个主题为“秋日校园”的摄影比赛。
②那个女孩非常有礼貌,她的妈妈是一名医生。
答案:①Many students took part in the photography competition whose theme is “Autumn Campus”. ②The girl whose mother is a doctor is very polite.
3.关系代词which和that。
这两个关系代词所代替的先行词是表示事、物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
Yesterday,I read an article which/that was about natural disasters.(which/that在从句中作主语)
昨天,我读了一篇关于自然灾害的文章。
The pen (which/that) he bought yesterday is the same as mine.
他昨天买的那支笔和我的一样。(which/that在从句中作宾语)
句子语法填空
①The school is surrounded by green trees is very famous.
②The report Mr Black handed in was about the motor race.
答案:①which/that ②that/which或不填
(1)关系代词只能用which,不能用that的情况。
①引导非限制性定语从句时。
Football,which is a very interesting game,is played in many countries.
足球是一项很有趣的运动,很多国家的人都踢足球。
②介词后只能用which,不能用that。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land which/that we get our food from.
我们依靠土地获得食物。
句子语法填空
①The house in I used to live became ruins in the big fire.
②The traveller saw many buildings along the way, were quite different from those in his hometown.
答案:①which ②which
(2)关系代词只能用that,不能用which的情况。
①当先行词为anything、nothing、something、all、much、few、any、little等不定代词或先行词被all、much、few等词修饰时,只能用that,不能用which。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是油的供给。
②先行词被the only、the very等修饰时,只能用that。
This is the very scarf that my mother has been looking for.
这就是我妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。
③先行词含有序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that。
This is the most beautiful park that I have ever visited.
这是我参观过的最美丽的公园。
④先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that。
Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain
你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事吗
句子语法填空
①The flood destroyed all the books were put on the first floor.
②She described in her composition the people and places impressed her most.
答案:①that ②that
1.(2023·浙江1月卷)All camp sessions are created with age-appropriate activities are tailored to the multiple ways that kids learn.
2.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)In artists’ representations of books and reading,we see moments of shared humanity go beyond culture and time.
3.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston rode a horse at night on 18 April 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming.
4.(2023·全国乙卷)Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine,it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
5.(2023·全国乙卷)Those are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.
答案及剖析:
1.that/which 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是activities,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,故填that/which。
2.that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是moments,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,故填that/which。
3.that/who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是silversmith,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,故填that/who。
4.whose 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是chefs,关系词在从句中作定语,故填whose。
5.who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是Those,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,故填who。
Ⅰ.翻译句子
1.桂林市是一个有2 000多年历史的城市。
2.这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。
3.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。
4.她把她感兴趣的物和人都拍摄了下来。
5.那些有礼貌的人会备受尊重。
答案:1.Guilin is a city which/that has a history of over 2,000 years. 2.This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country. 3.This is the most delicious food that I have ever had. 4.She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in. 5.Those who have good manners will be highly respected.
Ⅱ.语篇填空
A Girl Who Is Good at Drawing
Mary,1. drawings were shown at the exhibition last month,is a model student
2. is often praised for her good works at school.As soon as we got into the exhibition hall,our attention was attracted by a very large picture 3. was hung on the wall in front of us.
The horse 4. is in the drawing is exactly like a real one.The man 5. is riding on it looks lifelike.
It is the best drawing 6. I have ever seen,and I should say Mary is the best young painter 7. I have ever heard of.However,you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary was born a good painter.One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she became the best young painter
8. is well-known in her hometown.But if you say that she is so good at drawing by working hard,I will certainly agree with you.
答案:1.whose 2.that/who 3.that/which 4.that/which 5.that/who 6.that 7.that/who/whom 8.that/whoPart 2 核心考点突破
阅读单词
1.tap vi.& vt.轻叩;轻敲;轻拍
n.水龙头;轻叩;轻敲
2.tube n.管子
3.whistle vi.吹口哨;发出笛声
vt.吹口哨
n.哨子(声);呼啸声
4.procedure n.程序,步骤,手续
核心单词
1.calm adj.镇静的;沉着的
vt.使平静;使镇静
2.midnight n.子夜,午夜
3.aid n.援助;帮助;救援物资
vi.& vt.(formal)帮助;援助
4.dawn n.黎明,破晓;开端
5.property n.所有物,资产,财产
6.strike vi.& vt.(struck,struck/
stricken)侵袭;突击;击打
n.罢工;罢课;袭击
运用词汇
1.power n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力→powerful adj.强有力的;有权势的;有影响力的→powerless adj.无力的;无能为力的
2.threaten v.威胁到,危及→threat n.威胁,可能会带来危险的人(事)
3.deliver vt.& vi.递送;传达 vt.发表→delivery n.投递;交付;递送;分娩
4.locate vt.找出……的准确位置→location n.地方;地点
5.length n.长;长度→lengthen vt.使延长;加长 vi.延长;变长→long adj.长的
6.donate vt.捐赠,赠送→donation n.捐赠物;捐赠
重点词块
1.stay away from 远离
2.run out of 用完;耗尽
3.on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
4.keep one’s head (在困境中)保持冷静
5.sweep away 消灭;彻底消除
重点句型
1.我正在做晚饭时,门铃突然响了。(be doing...when...)
I was cooking dinner when the doorbell rang.
2.这个项目预计月底前完成。(be expected to do sth)
The project is expected to be completed by the end of the month.
3.他们把按时完成项目定为目标。(it作形式宾语)
They make it their goal to finish the project on time.
[教师备用]
答案:1.powerful 2.coastlines 3.swept away 4.were affected 5.in Thailand
( )1.Where the number of people who were killed in the tsunami was the largest
A.In Indonesia. B.In Sri Lanka. C.In India. D.In Thailand.
( )2.Why would it be difficult to deliver food and supplies to the tsunami-hit countries
A.There were no enough trucks.
B.It was still raining heavily.
C.The people in these areas were not willing to accept these food and supplies.
D.The roads to these areas were damaged.
( )3.Where can this passage most probably be seen
A.A monthly magazine. B.A daily newspaper.
C.A travel brochure. D.An entertainment website.
答案:1.B 2.D 3.B
1.power n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力
vt.驱动;推动
powerful adj.强有力的;有权势的;有影响力的
He promised to me that he would do everything in his power to help me.
他向我保证他会尽全力帮助我。
In some way,people should pay respect to the power of nature.
从某种角度讲,人类应该敬畏大自然的力量。
Because of the power failure,they had to feel their way in the darkness.
由于停电,他们不得不在黑暗中摸索着走。
归纳拓展 have the power to do sth具有做某事的能力 do everything in one’s power to do sth某人尽全力做某事 come to power开始掌权/执政 beyond one’s power力所不能及的
(1)句子语法填空
①Greatly struck by the beauty of the language,I thought how even today Shakespeare’s writing remains (power) and true.
②Cars (power) by electricity are thought to be more environmentally friendly by many people.
③Human societies have the power (solve) the problems confronting them.
(2)完成句子
④To begin with,make sure you keep awake.Besides, (尽全力) to save yourself actively when waiting for rescue.
⑤I’m afraid it’s (力所不能及的) to get the work done in such a short time.
答案:(1)①powerful ②powered ③to solve
(2)④do everything in your power ⑤beyond my power
2.calm adj.镇静的;沉着的
vt. 使平静;使镇静
calmness n.冷静;平静
Calm down!There is nothing to worry about.
冷静下来!没有什么可担心的。
(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)George,the husband,was trying to be calm,but I could tell this was hard for him...
丈夫乔治试着冷静下来,但我看得出来,这对他来说很难……
归纳拓展 ·calm down平静下来 calm sb down使某人平静下来 ·stay/remain/keep calm 保持镇静
①calm意为“镇静的;沉着的”。指无风浪或人的心情不激动。
②quiet意为“宁静的;安静的”。指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、忧虑。
③silent意为“寂静的;沉默的;不出声的”。指没有声音或不讲话。
④still意为“静止的;不动的”。指没有运动或动作的状态。
(1)语境选词填空(calm/quiet/silent/still)
①When facing danger,one should keep ;when taken photos,one should keep ;when someone else is asleep,one should keep ;when in class,one shouldn’t keep about the teacher’s questions.
(2)完成句子
②If you are lost in the mountains, (保持镇静) in the face of darkness and loneliness.
③When he gets upset,he will take a few deep breaths to (使自己平静下来).
答案:(1)①calm;still;quiet;silent (2)②stay/remain/keep calm ③calm himself down
3.aid n.援助;帮助;救援物资
vi.& vt.帮助;援助
With the aid of our teachers,we learnt how to perform first aid.
在老师们的帮助下,我们学会了如何进行急救。
I’d be very grateful if you can aid me with my English.
如果你能帮助我学习英语,我将不胜感激。
归纳拓展 ·give first aid to sb对某人进行急救 with the aid of sb(=with sb’s aid)在某人的帮助下 come to one’s aid过来帮助某人 ·aid sb with sth用某物帮助某人;帮助某人某事 aid sb in (doing) sth帮助某人(做)某事 aid sb to do sth帮助某人做某事
(1)句子语法填空
① the aid of a good map,we can easily find the direction.
②He is very kind and often aids classmates cleaning the classroom.
③They had the power to aid him his design.
(2)翻译句子
④不要担心,我会来帮助你的。
答案:(1)①With ②in ③with/in (2)④Don’t worry and I’ll come to your aid.
4.strike vi.& vt.侵袭;突击;击打;打动,迷住
n.罢工;罢课;袭击
It strikes me that I can work out with other athletes in the stadium.
我突然想起,我可以在体育馆和其他运动员一起锻炼。
The failure of their team struck sadness into the captain’s heart.
他们队的失利让队长很伤心。
归纳拓展 ·be struck by...被……所侵袭;被……打动 sth strikes sb某人想到/意识到某事 It strikes/hits/occurs to sb that...某人突然想起…… strike+钟点 (钟)敲响报时 strike sb+介词+the+身体部位 击打某人某处 ·be/go on strike罢工
写出下列句中strike的含义
①A big earthquake struck the city last year,destroying many buildings.
②The children should not run into the road because they may be struck by a car.
③It struck me that I forgot to take my keys when I arrived at my office.
④He struck a match and lighted a candle.
⑤I got up early this morning before the clock struck five.
⑥The visitors were struck by the beauty of the city.
⑦He fell,striking his head on the edge of the table.
答案:①突然袭击;侵袭 ②撞击 ③(使)突然想起 ④擦(火柴) ⑤(时钟)报时 ⑥打动,迷住 ⑦碰撞
5.deliver vt.& vi.递送;传达
vt.发表
delivery n.投递;交付;递送;分娩
Did you deliver my message to my mother
你把我的信息传达给我母亲了吗
Good evening,everybody.Professor King will be delivering his lecture in a moment,but let me introduce him first.
大家晚上好。金教授马上就要发表演讲了,请允许我先介绍一下他。
归纳拓展 deliver sth to sb把某物递送/运送给某人 deliver a speech发表演讲 deliver a baby接生
(1)句子语法填空
①The woman usually had her water (deliver) to her house.
②The lecture the professor (deliver) just now is impressive and inspiring.
③Customers are expected to pay for goods on (deliver).
(2)完成句子
④这位女医生因为接生了很多孩子而出名。
The woman doctor is known for .
答案:(1)①delivered ②delivered ③delivery
(2)④delivering many babies
be doing...when...正在做……,这时……
We were having dinner when someone knocked at the door.
我们正在吃晚饭,突然有人敲门。
We were about to set out when it began to rain.
=We were on the point of setting out when it began to rain.
我们正要动身,这时开始下雨了。
I had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.
我刚刚上床睡觉,这时电话铃响了。
归纳拓展 ·此句式中when为并列连词,表示“这时;正在那个时候”,相当于and then和at that moment。 ·when用作并列连词的常见句式: be about to do sth when...正要做某事,这时…… be on the point of doing sth when...正要做某事,这时…… had just done sth when...刚刚做完某事,这时……
完成句子
①他刚要放弃时被救援人员发现了。
He he was found by rescue workers.
②我正在做作业,这时电话铃响了。
I the phone rang.
③妈妈刚睡醒,就闻到一阵诱人的食物的味道。
Mother she smelt an inviting smell of food.
答案:①was about to give up when ②was doing my homework when ③had just woken up when
写作专项指导
概要写作
1.文体类型:概要写作,属于说明文或议论文范畴。
2.要点内容:常用于概括归纳原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节。
1.概要写作中常见的逻辑词。
(1)并列关系:and、and also、or、“neither...nor...”、“either...or...”、“not only...but also...”、likewise、similarly、equally、in the same way、that is to say、as well as、“the same...as...”。
(2)递进关系:also、then、besides、in addition/additionally、furthermore/moreover、what is more。
(3)因果关系:because、for、since、as、due to、thanks to、on account of、because of、considering that、seeing that、thus、hence、therefore、so、consequently、as a result、for this reason。
(4)转折关系:but、however、yet、though、on the contrary、by contrast、unfortunately、instead。
(5)顺序关系:first/second/last of all、in the first place/in the second place/finally、to begin with/ to continue、“first...then...”、“on the one hand...on the other hand...”、“for one thing...for another...”、“one...another...”、“some...others...”。
(6)条件关系:if、only if、unless、as long as、suppose that/supposing that。
(7)举例关系:such as、for example、for instance、of (these、those、them)、among (these、those、them)、to illustrate、as an illustration、to take an example、namely。
(8)归纳总结:on the whole、in short、in a word、in conclusion、in summary、to sum up。
2.概要写作中常见的写作句式。
The topic...(主题)is becoming increasingly popular recently.There are two sides of opinions about it.
In recent days,we have to face this problem...,which is becoming increasingly serious.
As a matter of fact,there are some other reasons to explain...
Human activities,such as...can partly lead to...
In their views,there are two factors contributing to this attitude:in the first place...(原因一)
Furthermore(In the second place)...(原因二).
Faced with...,we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.
阅读下面的短文,根据其内容写一篇60个词左右的内容概要。
Plan for Domino Effects on
Sustainability Goals
Climate change is causing ever-more-extreme events,from storms and droughts to floods and violent windstorms,and these risks interact across many environmental and social systems.A heatwave can spark forest fires,which lead to air pollution.Drought-wrecked harvests can result in food-price unpredictability.
Yet these domino effects are barely considered in most countries’ strategies for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030.Many countries that are working hard to reach these goals insufficiently consider the impact of extreme weather.Take Germany as an example.Its 2018 strategy on sustainable development runs to 60 pages yet the word “disaster” appears only once.There is no analysis of the consequences of an increase in such events.
Although many people are now aware that climate change is making fires,floods,heatwaves and storms more frequent,more severe or both,this knowledge isn’t changing policy or research enough.Part of the problem is perception.Future disasters feel unreal to decision-makers,as we’ve experienced with so many governments’ lack of pandemic preparedness,despite years of warning that some viruses may spread fast.Other obstacles are inadequate national and international governance,and communication challenges.The research community has not yet provided effective guidance.As a consequence,many efforts to achieve the SDGs will,like a house of cards,fall at the first shaking.Our global efforts need to be much more vigorous to the changing and interconnected nature of risk in a warming world.
What now Researchers must create models that are more understandable and useful to policymakers.When possible,SD targets and indicators should be redesigned to capture weakness to heatwaves,fires,droughts,floods,hurricanes,mudslides and more.And politicians need to be convinced to invest in precautionary measures and adaptation.
1.确定文体及文章主旨大意。
文体:说明文。
主旨大意:本文介绍了气候变化导致更加极端的天气,但是很多国家没有意识到气候变化的严重性。各国应采取更多更加强有力的措施来应对,诸如创造更好理解的模式、重设可持续发展目标等。
2.明确各段主旨。
3.概述各段要点。
One possible version:
Despite the negative domino effects resulting from climate change,strategies for achieving sustainability goals seldom consider these disasters’ impacts.(要点1) Actually,this is due to false perception,lack of effective governance and communication failures.(要点2) Therefore,more effective and efficient measures are required.(要点3) In short,they should include the creation of useful models understandable to policymakers,the redesign of sustainability goals and indicators and politicians’ devotion to investing in precautions.
(要点4)
阅读下面的短文,根据其内容写一篇60个词左右的概要。
As most people know,in the past few years,sandstorms have swept across many countries,polluting the air and disturbing daily lives of human beings.Saharan sandstorms have increased about 10 times during the half-century since the 1950s,causing topsoil loss in nearby countries.In Mauritania,there were just two sandstorms a year in the early 1960s,but there are 80 a year today.
In desert areas,sandstorms are most commonly caused either by thunderstorm outflows,or by strong pressure gradients which cause an increase in wind speed over a wide area.In some cases,dust and sand may set a limit to a shallow depth by a low-lying temperature change.In other cases,dust may be blown as high as 6,100 metres.Drought is another cause of sandstorms.Poor farming practices make dust and sand free of protection from the wind.Dryland farming is one of the most serious practices.A sandstorm can transport and carry large amounts of sand.Desert is the key source of sandstorms.
Sandstorms have also been shown to increase the spread of disease across the globe.Virus in the dust is blown into the atmosphere by the sandstorms.Some diseases may not be urgent at the very beginning,but they can develop into deadly ones if left untreated.For example,a breathing problem can lead to lung cancer,while dry eyes lead to blindness.
Sandstorms cause soil loss from the dry lands,doing harm to agriculture.Sandstorms also reduce visibility,affecting aeroplanes and road transportation.In addition,sandstorms also discourage visitors from visiting these places,thus striking tourism.
So what should we do with the frightening sandstorms Some experts put forward practical suggestions as follows.For one thing,more funds ought to be put into tree planting and forest protection so as to keep more water resources within the surface of the Earth.For another,governments of all countries should make laws on environmental protection.For example,banning the use of throwaway chopsticks and punishing illegal tree cutting.Scientists should also study and find ways to cut down the degree of its destruction and to improve the whole environment.
1.确定文体及文章主旨大意。
文体:说明文。
主旨大意:文章介绍了沙尘暴的成因和危害以及如何应对沙尘暴。
2.明确各段主旨。
3.概述各段要点。
4.提炼语言,完善概要。
One possible version:
Worries arise with globally increasing sandstorms.(要点1) There are many causes of sandstorms,such as thunderstorm outflows,strong pressure gradients,drought,poor farming practices and deserts.(要点2) Besides affecting aeroplanes,transportation and tourism,sandstorms do harm to human beings by spreading diseases,and agriculture by causing soil loss.(要点3) Scientists should play an important role in fighting against sandstorms.Reforestation is necessary and laws on environmental protection should be made.(要点4)
Ⅰ.重点讲义回顾
1.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
n.作用;影响;结果;效果effect
①感染……疾病 be affected with
②对……有影响 have an effect/influence/impact on...
③在这些无私的医生的影响下,我喜欢上了这个职业。
Affected by these selfless doctors,I have developed a deep love for the career.
2.shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克
vt.(使)震惊
adj.震惊的;惊讶的 shocked
adj.令人震惊的 shocking
①对……吃惊 be shocked at/by sth
②使……吃惊 be a shock to sb
③震惊;吃惊 in shock
④一个寒冷的早晨,我打开门,吃惊地发现它受了重伤。
On a cold morning,I opened the door and was shocked to find it badly injured.
3.bury vt.埋葬;安葬
①埋头于/专心于(做)某事 bury oneself in (doing) sth=be buried in (doing) sth
②当她听到那个坏消息时,她掩面而泣。
She buried her face in her hands and cried when she heard the bad news.
4.effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
①努力/尽力做某事make an effort/efforts to do sth
②把某人的精力投入到做某事中put one’s effort into doing sth
③费力地/毫不费力地 with/without effort
④让我们从现在开始,不遗余力地保护好我们的环境。
Let’s start now and spare no effort to protect our environment.
5.survive vi. 生存;存活
vt.幸存;艰难度过
n.幸存;残存物 survival
n.幸存者;生还者 survivor
①依靠……生存下来survive on
②从……存活下来survive from
③生活的意义不在于挺过暴风雨,而在于在风雨中寻求快乐。
Life isn’t about how to survive storms,but how to dance in the rain.
6.power n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力
vt.驱动;推动
adj.强有力的;有权势的;有影响力的 powerful
①开始掌权/执政 come to power
②力所不能及的 beyond one’s power
③如果你有什么困难,尽管来找我。我会尽全力帮助你。
If you are in difficulty,don’t hesitate to turn to me.I’ll do everything in my power to help you.
Ⅱ.重点句型练习
1.在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖后,他兴奋得睡不着觉。
Having won first prize in the English Speaking Contest,he was too excited to go to sleep.
2.童年的一切一下子涌入我的脑海中,仿佛刚刚发生似的。
Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if it had just happened.
3.我们去到的每一个地方,都有美丽的风景。
Everywhere we go,there are beautiful sights.
4.早晨起来,森林里的空气闻起来好极了。
The morning air in the forest is good to breathe.
5.我们正在爬山,这时突然刮起了大风。
We were climbing the mountain when the wind began to blow hard.
Ⅲ.重点语法回顾
1.定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
2.关系代词who、whom、that的先行词是表示人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,一般可省略(在介词后和非限制性定语从句中不可省略),但作主语时,一般不可省略。
3.关系代词which、that的先行词通常是表示事、物的名词或代词,在从句中作主语或宾语。关系代词whose用来指人或物均可,在从句中作定语成分。
4.关系代词只能用which,不能用that的情况:①在介词后;②引导非限制性定语从句时。
5.关系代词只能用that,不能用which的情况:
①当先行词为anything、nothing、something、all、much、few、any、little等不定代词,或先行词被all、much、few等词修饰时;②先行词被the only、the very等词修饰时;③先行词含有序数词、数词、形容词最高级时;④先行词既有人又有物时。
