Part 2 核心考点突破
阅读单词
1.course n.n.课程;进程;航线;一道菜
2.pants n.[pl.](BrE)内裤;短裤;
(especially NAmE)裤子
核心单词
1.subject n.主题;对象;学科
2.subway n.(BrE underground)地铁
3.process n.过程;进程
v.加工;处理
4.beg vt.恳求;祈求;哀求
5.gap n.间隔;开口;差距
运用词汇
1.equal n.同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的;同样的→equality n.平等;相等→equally adv.同样地;相等地
2.random adj.随机的;随意的→randomly adv.随机地
3.relate vt.联系;讲述→relation n.关系;联系
4.demand n.要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要 vi.查问→demanding adj.要求高的;苛求的
5.addition n.增加(物);加法→additional adj.附加的;额外的→additionally adv.此外
重点词块
1.in one’s free/spare time 在某人闲暇时
2.get used to (doing) sth 习惯于(做)某事
3.compare...with... 将……与……相比较
4.refer to/consult a dictionary 查字典
5.depend on/upon 依靠;取决于
6.relate to 与……相关;涉及;谈到
重点句型
1.长期练习公开演讲会减轻怯场心理。(动名词作主语)
Practising public speaking reduces stage fright over time.
2.问题是如何平衡作业和课外活动。(“疑问词+to do”结构作表语)
The problem is how to balance homework and extra-curricular activities.
3.这完全取决于她能否在截止日期前完成项目。(it all depends on+宾语从句)
It all depends on whether she can finish the project before the deadline.
[教师备用]
Wang Le’s question:What are your biggest problems with learning English
Liu Wen
Jia Xin
Li Rui has trouble in 5. and doesn’t know 6. .
答案:1.English radio programmes 2.compare his pronunciation with the radio host’s 3.longer requests 4.more polite phrases 5.remembering new vocabulary 6.how to use them properly
( )1.What does the word “catch” in Liu Wen’s post probably mean
A.Take. B.Lose.
C.Understand. D.Watch.
( )2.Who put forward the question “What are your biggest problems with learning English”
A.Liu Wen. B.Jia Xin.
C.Wang Le. D.Li Rui.
( )3.Whose biggest problem is “How to be polite in English”
A.Liu Wen. B.Jia Xin.
C.Wang Le. D.Li Rui.
答案:1.C 2.C 3.B
1.equal n.同等的人;相等物
adj.相同的;同样的
vt.与……相等;等于;比得上
equality n.平等;相等
equally adv.同样地;相等地
She divided the apple into four equal parts.
她把苹果分成四等份。
She treats the people who work for her as her equals.
她以平等的身份对待为她工作的人。
归纳拓展 ·be equal to 等于;相当于 be equal to (doing) sth 能胜任(做)某事 ·A equals B in sth A在某方面比得上B ·without equal 无与伦比;无人可比
完成句子
①我坚信他能胜任这份工作。
I am firmly convinced that he .
②她的书法水平现在在我们学校是无与伦比的。
Her calligraphy in our school now.
③我们需要积极参加各种各样的体育活动,并注意和身体健康同等重要的心理健康。
We need to be active in varieties of sports,and pay attention to mental health physical health.
答案:①is equal to doing the job ②is without equal ③which is equal to
2.demand n.要求;需求
vt.强烈要求;需要
vi.查问
demanding adj.要求高的;苛求的
Chinese teachers are in great demand abroad nowadays.
如今在海外,汉语老师的需求量很大。
The company my sister applied to demands that all its employees (should) speak at least two foreign languages.
我姐姐申请的那家公司要求所有的员工至少会讲两门外语。
归纳拓展 ·be in (great) demand (迫切)需求 meet/satisfy one’s demands (for...) 满足某人(对……)的需求 ·demand to do sth要求做某事 demand that...(should) do...要求……做……
(1)句子语法填空
①The union presented a shopping list of (demand) to the management.
②I am sorry to hear that your demands higher pay have been rejected.
③As the global demand (reduce) energy consumption,energy-saving technology is being rapidly expanded.
(2)完成句子
④随着比赛的临近,急需志愿者。
With the competition around the corner,volunteers are .
⑤为了满足幸存者的需求,这名官员要求立刻将食物和水送往灾区。
,the official demanded that to the disaster area right away.
答案:(1)①demands ②for ③to reduce (2)④in great demand ⑤To satisfy the survivors’ demands;food and water should be sent
3.relate vt.联系;讲述
relation n.关系;联系
He later related the whole story to me.
他后来给我讲了整件事的来龙去脉。
Everything that happens next during the procedure must be related to this story...
在这个过程中接下来发生的一切都必须和这个故事有关……
归纳拓展 ·relate sth to sb 向某人讲述某事 relate to与……相关;涉及;谈到 ·be related to与……有关 ·in relation to关于
(1)句子语法填空
①The position calls for (relate) experience in the field and good skills at using computers.
②What he says bears no (relate) to what he does.
(2)一句多译
我们将讨论这个问题,因为它与我们具体的情况有关。
③ (relate)
④ (related)
答案:(1)①related ②relation (2)③We shall discuss the problem as it relates to our specific case. ④We shall discuss the problem as it is related to our specific case.
have trouble with sth在(做)某事上有困难
The encouragement from a teacher is really of great importance,especially when the student has trouble with study.
来自老师的鼓励是非常重要的,尤其是当学生在学习上遇到困难时。
If you have some trouble in getting along with your friends,you can write to them.
如果你在与朋友的相处上有困难,你可以给他们写信。
完成句子
① (得知你在拼写方面有困难),I am willing to help you.
②Jane used to (在发音方面有困难),but she has improved a lot recently.
答案:①Learning that you have trouble with your spelling ②have difficulty/trouble with her pronunciation
写作专项指导
博文
1.文体类型:博文,属于应用文范畴。
2.要点内容:常用于表达自己的问题或建议等。
1.首段常用句式。
Learning/Knowing that you have difficulty in...,I am writing the blog to offer some tips to you.
You mentioned your problem of...in the email,and I would like to give you several suggestions.
Concerned about your difficulty,I would try to offer some advice.
My opinions of coping with the problem are as follows.
2.中段常用句式。
First of all/To begin with,the priority should be given to...
Besides/Furthermore/What’s more,...is also a wise choice for you.
Last but not least,it is advisable to...
Personally,if I were you,I would...
3.尾段常用句式。
I sincerely hope that you would find these suggestions helpful.
I believe the advice above will help you a lot.
If you stick to these suggestions,you will definitely...
假设你是李华,你在网上看到一些网友发帖询问如何学习英语。请你写一篇英语博文,就如何学习英语给出一些实用建议。要点包括:
1.回应他们的询问;
2.给出建议:使用APP、多读英语文章、找个以英语为母语的学习伙伴;
3.给予鼓励。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Ⅰ.对接话题词汇
1.native adj.出生地的;本地的;土著的
n.本地人
2.vocabulary n.词汇
3.give up 放弃
4.point of view 观点;看法
5.have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
Ⅱ.巧用核心句式、语法
1.从网上的帖子中,我了解到你们在学习英语方面有困难。我写这篇博文是为了给大家一些建议。
From posts on the Internet,I’ve learnt that you have difficulty learning English.I am writing the blog to offer you some tips.
2.在我看来,你们可以借助一些在线APP来提高英语口语。
From my point of view,you can improve your spoken English with the help of some online APPs.
3.此外,通过阅读英语文章,你们可以扩大词汇量,更好地理解词语。
Besides,by reading English articles,you can enlarge your vocabulary and better understand it.
4.最后但同样重要的是,找一个以英语为母语的学习伙伴来练习是明智之举,那样你就可以提升你的口语交际能力。
Last but not least,it is wise to find a native English study partner to practise,so you can improve your communication skills.
5.正如一句老话所说,熟能生巧。只要你们一直努力,永不放弃,你们总有一天会成功的。
Just as an old saying goes,practice makes perfect.As long as you keep trying and never give up,you will be successful one day.
1.用非谓语形式对第1句进行升级。
2.用“not only...but also...”句式将第3句进行升级。
3.用定语从句形式将第4句进行升级。
答案:1.Learning that you have difficulty learning English from posts on the Internet,I am writing the blog to offer you some tips.
2.Besides,by reading English articles,you can not only enlarge your vocabulary,but also better understand it.
3.Last but not least,it is wise to find a native English study partner to practise,which can help you improve your communication skills.
Learning that you have difficulty learning English from posts on the Internet,I am writing the blog to offer you some tips.
From my point of view,you can improve your spoken English with the help of some online APPs.Besides,by reading English articles,you can not only enlarge your vocabulary,but also better understand it.Last but not least,it is wise to find a native English study partner to practise,which can help you improve your communication skills.
Just as an old saying goes,practice makes perfect.As long as you keep trying and never give up,you will be successful one day.
在英语学习的博客上,请你以“How to Improve Oral English”为题写一篇英语博文,谈谈怎样才能提高英语口语,并就自己的问题——如何提高书面英语寻求帮助。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
How to Improve Oral English
One possible version:
How to Improve Oral English
Learning that many students have difficulty with oral English,I am willing to offer some practical suggestions.
To begin with,you’d better practise speaking English every day.Besides,watching English movies is of great use for improving your oral English and broadening your horizons.Last but not least,you shouldn’t be afraid of speaking English in front of others or making mistakes.Only in this way can you make great progress in English.
My biggest problem is written English.I would appreciate it if someone could offer me some practical suggestions.
Ⅰ.重点讲义回顾
1.based adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的
vt.以……为据点;以……为基础n.底部;根据 base
adj.基本的;基础的basic
adv.基本地basically
n.基础basis
①以……为……基础 base...on/upon...
②以……为基础 on the basis of...
③我建议您根据学生的语言水平进行分组。
I recommend that you pair the students based on their language levels.
2.variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化
adj.不同的;各种各样的various
vi.变化;不同vary
①种类繁多的,各种各样的 a variety of(=varieties of)
②随……而变化 vary with...
③在……方面不同 vary in...
④不同的人对网络学习有不同的看法。
Views on online learning vary from person to person.
3.regard n.尊重;关注;关心;(pl.regards)问候
vt.把……视为;看待
prep.关于;至于regarding
①关于;至于 with/in regard to
②把……看作;认为……是…… regard...as...
③代某人向某人问好 show/give one’s regards to sb
④在线学习被认为是一个非常高效的英语学习方法。
Online learning is regarded as a most effective way to learn English.
4.struggle n.& vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗
①为……而奋斗/斗争 struggle for
②与……作斗争 struggle with/against
③挣扎着站起来 struggle to one’s feet
④看着汤姆艰难地下轮椅,她竭力忍住不哭。
Seeing Tom struggle out of his wheelchair,she struggled to hold back her tears.
5.equal n.同等的人;相等物
adj.相同的;同样的
vt.与……相等;等于;比得上
n.平等;相等equality
adv.同样地;相等地equally
①等于;相当于 be equal to
②能胜任(做)某事be equal to (doing) sth
③无与伦比;无人可比 without equal
④我确信我能胜任这个中国绘画展的志愿者岗位。
I am convinced that I am equal to being a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition.
6.demand n. 要求;需求
vt.强烈要求;需要
vi.查问
adj.要求高的;苛求的demanding
①要求做某事 demand to do sth
②要求……做…… demand that...(should) do...
③满足某人(对……)的需求 meet/satisfy one’s demands (for...)
④由于我们篮球俱乐部招收新成员,我写信邀请你加入。
As new members are in demand in our basketball club,I’m writing to invite you to join it.
Ⅱ.重点句型练习
1.我不能和你外出是因为我要为期末考试做准备。
The reason why I fail to go out with you is that I have to prepare for the final examination.
2.一场暴风雨袭击了该地区,对当地庄稼造成了破坏。
A terrible storm hit the area,causing great damage to the local crops.
3.因为世界变成了一个地球村,所以掌握好英语对我们大家都很重要。
As the world has become a global village,having a good knowledge of English is of great importance to us all.
4.无论你去哪里,都不要忘了你的家乡。
No matter where you go,don’t forget your hometown.
5.你剪纸练习得越多,你就会越擅长剪纸。
The more you practise paper-cutting,the better at it you will become.
Ⅲ.重点语法回顾
1.关系副词when引导定语从句时,先行词应是表示时间的名词,关系副词在从句中作时间状语。关系副词where引导定语从句时,先行词应是表示地点的名词,关系副词在从句中作地点状语。关系副词why引导定语从句时,先行词常为reason,关系副词在从句中作原因状语。
2.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,介词常依据与从句中谓语动词的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。
3.在“介词+关系代词”的结构中,先行词指人时,关系代词用whom,不能用who/that;先行词指物时,关系代词用which,不能用that。As we all know,Chinese (Putonghua) is the most widely spoken language in the world,
while English is the most widely used language in the world.Some of the other languages such as Spanish,Arabic,Portuguese,Russian,Japanese,German,French,Bengali,Hindi,and Urdu also have a considerable number of speakers.People from different countries speak different languages to refer to one thing.
Part 1 核心考点突破
阅读单词
1.retell vt.复述;重述
2.vocabulary n.词汇
3.dialect n.地方话;方言
4.spelling n.拼写;拼法
5.tongue n.舌头;语言
核心单词
1.error n.错误
2.native adj.出生地的;本地的;土著的
n.本地人
3.attitude n.态度;看法
4.factor n.因素;要素
5.despite prep.即使;尽管
6.classic adj.传统的;最优秀的;典型的
n.经典作品;名著
7.carve vt.& vi.雕刻
8.unique adj.独一无二的,独特的
9.means n.方式;方法;途径
10.character n.文字;符号;角色;品质;特点
11.regard n.尊重;关注
vt.把……视为;看待
12.resource n.资料;(教学)资源
13.long-term adj.长期的;长远的
14.struggle n.& vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗
运用词汇
1.official adj.官方的;正式的 n.官员→officiallyadv.正式地;官方地
2.base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础 n.底部;根据→based adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的→basic adj.基本的;基础的→basis n.基础→basically adv.基本地
3.variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化→vary vi.变化;相异→various adj.不同的;各种各样的
4.fluent adj.流利的→fluently adv.流利地;流畅地→fluency n.流利;流畅
5.major adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修;专门研究→majority n.大多数
6.appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi.增值→appreciation n.欣赏;感激
7.informal adj.非正式的→formal adj.正式的→formally adv.正式地;形式上
重点词块
1.refer to 指的是;描述;提到;查阅;参考;谈到
2.be known for 因……而出名
3.keep/bear...in mind 记住……
4.ups and downs 浮沉;兴衰;荣辱
5.be aware of 意识到,觉察到
6.date back (to...) 追溯到
7.lead to 导致
8.expand/enlarge one’s vocabulary 扩大某人的词汇量
9.be connected with 与……有联系;与……有关
10.play a role in 在……中起作用
11.speaking of 谈到;说到
12.point of view 观点;看法
重点句型
1.多年来,小组学习发展成不同的模式,这是由于学生们按照专业进行划分,产生了多样化的学习方法。(it was a time when句式;现在分词短语作状语)
Over the years,group study has developed into different patterns,as it was a time when students were divided by majors,leading to various learning methods.
2.无论准备得多充分,演示前我还是会感到紧张。(no matter+疑问词引导让步状语从句)
No matter how much I prepare,I still feel nervous before presentations.
3.随着考试临近,教室变得越来越安静。(as引导时间状语从句)
As the exam approaches,the classroom becomes increasingly quiet.
[教师备用]
答案:1.Chinese writing system 2.ancient symbols 3.dialects and characters 4.the Chinese people and culture 5.Chinese calligraphy 6.appreciate
( )1.What is the text mainly about
A.The history of the Chinese writing system.
B.The reason why China develops so fast.
C.The important role of the Chinese writing system.
D.The development and effect of the Chinese writing system.
( )2.Why did the Chinese writing system begin to develop in one direction
A.People wanted to live in peace.
B.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country.
C.People were willing to communicate in one language.
D.People were divided geographically.
( )3.How do foreigners appreciate China’s culture and history
A.Through classic works. B.Through music.
C.Through the Chinese language. D.Through a picture-based language.
答案:1.D 2.B 3.C
1.attitude n.态度; 看法
(2023·浙江1月卷)What was the attitude of the author’s father toward buying groceries with jars
作者的父亲对于用罐子买食品杂货是什么态度
This is the attitude that everyone should adopt to/towards their failure.
这是每个人面对挫败时应该采取的态度。
归纳拓展 an attitude to/towards... 对……的态度/看法 have/hold/take/adopt a(n)... attitude to/towards... 对……持……的态度
完成句子
①Despite such a big difference in (对……的态度) what one eats,there is no doubt that people in the West regard Chinese food as something special.
②From my point of view,despite ups and downs in our life,we should (对我们的生活持积极的态度).
答案:①attitude towards ②have/hold/take/adopt a positive attitude to/towards our life
2.refer to 指的是;描述;提到;查阅;参考;谈到
(2023·全国乙卷)What does the underlined word“conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to
第三段中画线的单词“conversation” 指的是什么
Refer to the dictionary when you don’t know how to spell a word.
当你不知道怎么拼写一个单词时,查阅一下词典。
归纳拓展 ·refer to...as...把……称作…… ·reference n.指称关系;参考;查阅;提到;涉及 in/with reference to...关于……;根据……而论 for reference以备查阅;以供参考
(1)写出下列句中refer to的含义
①The trend,then,was toward the “penny paper”—a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.
②We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again.
③Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.
(2)句子语法填空
④Text books and dictionaries can be used as (refer) books while magazines serve as reading materials.
⑤They always refer to me a book worm because I am always addicted to reading.
答案:(1)①指的是 ②提及 ③查阅
(2)④reference ⑤as
3.based adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的
base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础
n.底部;根据
basic adj.基本的;基础的
basically adv.基本地
basis n.基础
(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities...
我的建议是根据学生的语言能力进行分组……
(2022·浙江1月卷)My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
我是基于我想要的生活方式而作出的选择。
归纳拓展 ·be based on/upon以……为基础/依据 base...on/upon...以……为……基础 ·on the basis of...以……为基础
(1)句子语法填空
①The brochure is divided into two sections,dealing firstly with (base) courses and secondly with advanced ones.
②The report is (base) on figures from different schools in this city.
③It is recommended that we should conduct physical examination on a regular (base).
(2)翻译句子
④不要仅仅依据你所看到的去评价一个人。
答案:(1)①basic ②based ③basis (2)④Don’t judge a person only based on what you see.
We base our short play on/upon the English text.Could you please offer us some tips on how to improve it Based on/upon/On the basis of your suggestions,we are certain to succeed.
我们的短剧是以英语课文为基础改编的,您可以给我们一些改进短剧的建议吗 根据您的建议修改,我们一定会成功的。
4.date back (to...)追溯到
It is said that the old castle dates back to/ dates from the 1660s.
据说这座古堡可追溯到17世纪60年代。
Dating back to the 18th century,Beijing Opera has over two hundred years of history.
京剧的起源可以追溯到18世纪,距今已有200多年的历史。
归纳拓展 date back (to...)(=date from)追溯到(后接时间点) date back 追溯到(后接时间段)
date back to/date from不用于进行时,没有被动语态。
(1)句子语法填空
①The Dragon Boat Festival,which (date) back to the Warring States Periods,is one of the most important festivals in China.
②The White Horse Temple, (date) back to the Eastern Han Dynasty,has a history of more than 1,900 years.
(2)一句多译
我向你推荐的旅游景点是始于公元前7世纪的长城。
③
(定语从句)
④ (现在分词作定语)
答案:(1)①dates ②dating (2)③The tourist attraction I recommend to you is the Great Wall which dates back to the 7th century B.C. ④The tourist attraction I recommend to you is the Great Wall dating back to the 7th century B.C.
5.variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化
various adj.不同的;各种各样的
vary vi.变化;不同
(2023·全国乙卷)Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to...
几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料种类比以前更繁多……
People who’re dieting need varieties of foods to assure a constant supply of nutrients their bodies need.
正在节食的人需要摄入不同种类的食物,来保证不断地提供身体所需营养。
归纳拓展 ·a variety of (=varieties of)种类繁多的;各种各样的 ·vary from...to...在……到……之间变动 vary with...随……而变化 vary in...在……方面不同
the variety of意为“……的品种或种类”,“the variety of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。
句子语法填空
①One of the advantages is that we can find (variety) topics,such as science,culture and history.
② (vary) of solutions (have) been provided for us to solve the problem.
③The prices of the vegetables vary seasons.
④Speech is made up of sound waves that vary frequency and intensity.
⑤Tastes and preferences vary from individual individual.
答案:①various ②Varieties;have ③with ④in ⑤to
The ways of greeting vary from country to country,which requires us to be aware of various cultural differences especially when we are communicating with a variety of people from different countries.
各国的问候方式各不相同,这要求我们了解各种文化差异,尤其是当我们与来自不同国家的各种人交流时。
6.major adj.主要的;重要的;大的
n.主修课程;主修学生
vi.主修;专门研究
majority n.大多数
(2023·全国甲卷)Apart from the knowledge and skills related to my major,I’m really good with computers.
除了具备与专业相关的知识和技能,我还擅长使用电脑。
He plans to major in finance and after graduation to return home and work for his father’s construction company.
他计划主修金融专业,毕业后回国在他父亲的建筑公司上班。
归纳拓展 ·major in...主修…… ·the majority of...大多数…… be in the/a majority占多数
the majority of后接复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;后接不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。其后接集合名词作主语时,若集合名词视为整体,则谓语动词用单数;若集合名词是指个体,则谓语动词用复数。
句子语法填空
①To my amazement,this exchange student majored calligraphy at college.
②Those who support me are in the (major),so I am elected as monitor of our class.
③The majority of the equipment (repair) so far.
答案:①in ②majority ③has been repaired
7.means n.方式;方法;途径
There is no doubt that the software is an important means of communication.
毫无疑问,这个软件是一种重要的交流工具。
This is a two-year course taught by means of lectures and seminars.
本课程为期两年,授课形式为讲座与研讨课。
归纳拓展 by this means通过这种方法 by means of用……办法;借助……手段 by no means绝不;一点也不(位于句首时,句子用部分倒装) by all means当然行;没问题
means意为“方式;方法”时,单复数同形。
(1)句子语法填空
①Every possible means (try),but none has worked.
② no means can you give up when you are in trouble.
(2)完成句子
③只有通过这种办法才有可能说服他同意。
Only is it possible to persuade him into agreeing.
答案:(1)①has been tried ②By (2)③by this means
8.regard n.尊重;关注;关心;(pl.regards)问候
vt.把……视为;看待
regarding prep.关于;至于
(2022·全国乙卷)They simply insist on mutual (相互的) recognition and regard.
他们只是坚持相互认可和尊重。
With regard to my favourite Chinese poet,I’d love to introduce Du Fu to you.
至于我喜欢的中国诗人,我想要向你介绍杜甫。
归纳拓展 ·regard...as...把……看作……;认为……是…… be regarded as...被看作……;被视为…… ·with/in regard to关于;至于 as regards 关于;至于 show/give one’s regards to sb代某人向某人问好
句子语法填空
①The giant panda is regarded the symbol of Chengdu.
②The government has stated its strong position (regard) the prevention of river pollution.
③Give my (regard) to your brother when you see him.
答案:①as ②regarding ③regards
9.appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi.增值
appreciation n.欣赏;感激
appreciative adj.欣赏的;感激的
(2023·全国甲卷)This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food.
这个地方适合烛光晚餐或者与喜欢美食的同事们享用工作餐。
The happiest are not those who own all the best things,but those who can appreciate the beauty of life.
最幸福的人不是那些拥有所有最好的东西的人,而是那些能够欣赏生活之美的人。
归纳拓展 ·appreciate+n./pron./v.-ing重视/感激…… I would appreciate it if...假如……,我将不胜感激 ·express one’s appreciation to sb for sth 因为某事向某人表达感激之情
句子语法填空
①From where I stand,we should learn (appreciate) life and hold a positive attitude despite the ups and downs.
②I really appreciate (work) with someone who values the importance of hard work.
③I’d appreciate if you could take my suggestions into consideration.
④He was very (appreciate) of his colleagues’ support during his illness.
答案:①to appreciate ②working ③it ④appreciative
10.struggle n.& vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗
(2023·浙江1月卷)She ceased her struggle the instant I picked her up.
我一捧起她(蜂鸟),她就停止了挣扎。
I determined to struggle for my family.No matter what difficulties I came across,I would struggle with/against them.
我决定为我的家人而奋斗。无论遇到什么困难,我都将与之作斗争。
归纳拓展 ·struggle for 为……而奋斗/斗争 struggle with/against 与……作斗争 struggle to do sth 努力做某事 struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来 ·It’s a struggle for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事真是件难事。
(1)句子语法填空
①Workers are struggling a clean canteen and healthy food.
②Some people would like to go to work in cities, (struggle) to provide better education for their children.
(2)翻译句子
③他没有放弃,而是挣扎着站起来。
④对我来说,学好中文真是件难事。
答案:(1)①for ②struggling (2)③Instead of giving up,he struggled to his feet. ④It’s a struggle for me to learn Chinese well.
1.“no matter+特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句
I ensure I’ll help you no matter when/whenever you have difficulties.
我保证,无论何时你有困难,我都会帮你。
(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Whatever it is,no matter how small it might seem,write it down.
无论它是什么,无论它看起来有多小,都要把它写下来。
归纳拓展 “no matter+特殊疑问词”结构在句中作状语,其用法如下:“no matter+特殊疑问词(what、who、where、when等)” 引导让步状语从句,可放在主句前或主句后,相当于“特殊疑问词+ -ever(whatever、whoever、wherever、whenever等)”。
whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/however等还可以引导名词性从句,但此时不能与“no matter+特殊疑问词”互换。
Whatever advice you give me will be of great help to me.
你给我的任何建议都会对我大有帮助。(主语从句)
(1)完成句子
① (无论你什么时候开始),the important thing is don’t stop after starting.
② (无论将来我去哪里),I will always keep in touch with you.
(2)翻译句子
③不管那将有多难,我们都会尽力完成。
④不管谁指出我们的缺点,我们都会改正。
答案:(1)①No matter when/Whenever you start ②No matter where/Wherever I go in the future (2)③No matter how/However difficult it might be,we’ll try to complete it. ④No matter who/Whoever points out our shortcomings,we will correct them.
2.the+比较级……,the+比较级……
The longer she waited,the more impatient she became.
她等待的时间越长,就变得越不耐烦。
It’s believed that the harder you work,the better result you’ll get.
人们认为,你工作越努力,得到的结果就越好。
归纳拓展 “the+比较级……,the+比较级……”句式的具体用法: ·意为“越……,就越……”,表示主句和从句的两个谓语动作是同时进行的,一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。 ·从结构上看,第一个“the+比较级……”是表示条件的状语从句,第二个“the+比较级……”是主句;在表示将来意义的情况时,从句用一般现在时表示将来,主句用一般将来时。
(1)完成句子
① (越积极的) an article is,the more likely it is to be shared.
② (越博学) a man is,the more modest he usually becomes.
(2)翻译句子
③有一种流行的说法:越努力,越幸运。
④你对中国传统文化了解越多,就对它越感兴趣。
答案:(1)①The more positive ②The more learned (2)③There is a popular saying that the harder you work,the luckier you will be. ④The more you know about traditional Chinese culture,the more you are interested in it.
[教师备用]
Over the years,the system developed into different forms,①as it was a time ②when people were divided geographically,③leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
在随后的年代里,这一体系发展成不同的形式,这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔,产生了不同方言和汉字变体。
分析:本句是一个主从复合句。句中①为as引导的原因状语从句,该从句中②为when引导的定语从句,先行词是a time;③为现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。
①三年来,他的英语进步很大,因为他遇到了一位好的英语老师,不遗余力地帮助他,使得他以极大的热情投入到英语学习中。
Over the three years,his English has improved greatly, .
②在接下来的几年里,这位作家创作了许多新奇的故事,因为有很多人喜欢他的书,从而激励他创作更多不同的作品。
In the following years,the writer produced many new amazing stories, ,
.
答案:①as he meets with a good English teacher who spares no effort to help him,making him learn English with great enthusiasm ②as there were many people who were fond of his books; inspiring him to compose more different works
历史发展描写
1.be well-known/famous for/as 因为/作为……而闻名
2.be made up of/be composed of/consist of 由……组成/构成
3.with a long history有着悠久的历史
4.a combination of modern technology and traditional art融合现代技术与传统艺术于一体
5.be merged into被合并为
1.The city has many historic sites,which are of great historical importance.
这座城市有很多历史古迹,十分具有历史意义。
2.It’s said that Chinese calligraphy dates back to at least the Han Dynasty (202 BCE220 CE).
据说中国书法的历史至少可追溯到汉朝(公元前202年-公元220年)时期。
3.Once known as Chang’an,Xi’an is the political,economic,cultural centre of Shaanxi Province.
西安,古称长安,是陕西省的政治、经济、文化中心。
4.Beijing has been an inhabited city for more than three thousand years,which is a strong and vibrant city.
北京作为一座有人居住的城市,已有三千多年的历史,是一座强大而充满活力的城市。
1.重阳节的习俗经历了不同朝代的兴衰,并将继续是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。
2.南京是历史文化名城,中华文明的重要发祥地。
答案:1.Customs of the Double Ninth Festival survived the ups and downs of different dynasties and will continue to be an important part of traditional Chinese culture.
2.Nanjing,is well-known as a city of history and culture,which is an important birthplace of Chinese civilisation.
课文二次开发利用
[教师备用]
课文语法填空
One of the main reasons 1. China’s ancient civilisation has continued all the way through into modern times has been the Chinese writing system.At the beginning,written Chinese was a picture-based language,which 2. (date) back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols 3. (carve) by ancient Chinese people.
Over the years,there was 4. time when the Chinese people were divided geographically,5. (lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states 6. one unified country,making the Chinese writing system begin to develop in one direction.It was of great 7.
(important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture.People in modern times can read the classic 8. (work) which were written by Chinese in ancient times.Nowadays,
Chinese calligraphy has become an important part of Chinese culture.As China plays a greater role in 9. (globe) affairs,a large number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this 10. (amaze) language.
答案:1.why 2.dates 3.were carved 4.a 5.leading 6.into 7.importance 8.works 9.global 10.amazing
语法专项指导
定语从句(二)
一、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词的指代及功能如下表所示。
关系副词 先行词 功能
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
1.关系副词when引导定语从句时,先行词应是表示时间的名词,关系副词在从句中作时间状语。常见表示时间的名词有time、hour、day、year、moment、occasion(时刻)、age(年代)、period(阶段)、stage(时期)、interval(间隙)等。
I will never forget the day when I first saw you.
我永远不会忘记我第一次见到你的日子。
I’ll never forget the days when I studied in the classroom.
我永远不会忘记我在教室里学习的那些日子。
若时间名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语,则定语从句改用which或that引导。
Do you remember the days which/that we spent together on the farm
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗 (which/that作spent的宾语)
句子语法填空
①Do you still remember the day we took the first aid course
②I’ll never forget the day I spent with my cousins in the mountains.
答案:①when ②which/that
2.关系副词where引导定语从句时,先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词,关系副词在从句中作地点状语。常见表示抽象地点的名词有situation、point、case、position、condition、occasion等。
The school where my son studies is near a park.
我儿子就读的学校靠近公园。
I am working at the school where my mother once worked.
我在我母亲曾经工作过的学校工作。
若地点名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语,则定语从句改用which或that引导。
The school which/that we visited yesterday is newly built.
我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。
(which/that作visited的宾语)
句子语法填空
①The stadium the athletes work out is not far from here.
②After living in Nanjing for 20 years,he returned to the town he grew up as a child.
答案:①where ②where
3.关系副词why引导定语从句时,先行词常为reason,关系副词在从句中作原因状语。
Do you know the reason why he got up so early yesterday
你知道他昨天起个大早的原因吗
Helping an old man on the way to school is the reason why he was late for school last Wednesday.
上学路上帮助一位老人是他上周三上学迟到的原因。
若reason后的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语,则定语从句改用which或that引导。
Do you want to know the reason why he always gets full marks in maths examinations
你想知道他在数学考试中总是得满分的原因吗 (why作原因状语)
I won’t listen to the reason which/that you have given us.
我坚决不听你告诉我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语,所以用which/that,不用why)
句子语法填空
①The reason he gave at the meeting was unbelievable.
②I don’t know the reason the athlete gave up halfway through the competition.
答案:①that/which ②why
二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词作介词的宾语时,为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑,可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前,形成“介词+关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which或whom。
1.介词的选用。
“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词可以依据与从句中谓语动词的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。
This is the movie about which we talked just now.
这是我们刚才讨论的那部电影。(根据与谓语动词的搭配确定)
This is the pilot with whom my father has worked for ten years.
这就是和我爸爸一起工作了10年的那位飞行员。(根据意义搭配确定)
①某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词+关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when、where和why互换。
I still remember the time when (=during which) I was in college.
我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。
This is the hotel where (=in which) they stayed.
这就是他们待过的旅馆。
This is the reason why (=for which) he left in a hurry.
这就是他匆匆离去的原因。
②有些“动词+介词”短语,如look for、look after、send for、call on、come across、long for等,不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。
The doctor that you sent for has not come.
你派人去请的医生还没来。
一句多译
这是那本我花了五元钱买的书。
①
②
答案:①This is the book on which I spent 5 yuan.
②This is the book for which I paid 5 yuan.
2.关系代词的选择。
“介词+关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中,先行词指人时,关系代词用whom,不能用who/that;先行词指物时,关系代词用which,不能用that。
This is the student for whom I bought a book.
这就是那个我给买了一本书的学生。
I’ll never forget the farm on which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过童年时光的那个农场。
完成句子
①我们期望你将来能成为我们会为之骄傲的人。
We expect you to become someone we will feel very proud in the future.
②他曾经就读的学校很有名。
The school he once studied is very famous.
答案:①of whom ②in which
3.“名词/数词/代词等+介词of+关系代词”结构,表示部分、整体、数量等概念。
The river,the banks of which are covered with trees,flows to the sea.
这条两岸种满了树的河流流向大海。
He has three sons,two of whom are teachers.
他有三个儿子,其中两个是老师。
Maria has written two novels,both of which have been made into television series.
玛丽亚已经写了两部小说,这两部小说都被拍成了电视剧。
完成句子
①He bought a dictionary, (它的封面) was red.
②The old man has two daughters, (她们俩都) are doctors.
答案:①the cover of which ②both of whom
1.(2023·浙江1月卷)As my car neared it,my thoughts drifted back to the moment I rescued the hummingbird from the spider’s web.
2.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)It might be the time you helped a friend with their homework...
3.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Jaramillo’s students live in neighbourhoods fresh food and green space are not easy to find...
4.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, I played all the parts.
5.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)A dirty stream,for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks tiny creatures lived.
答案及剖析:
1.when 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为the moment,表示时间;从句中缺少时间状语。故填when。
2.when 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为the time,表示时间;从句中缺少时间状语。故填when。
3.where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为neighbourhoods,表示地点;从句中缺少地点状语。故填where。
4.where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为a play,表示抽象地点;从句中缺少地点状语。故填where。
5.where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为rocks,表示地点;从句中缺少地点状语。故填where。
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.Last week,we went to Hangzhou, we saw the beautiful West Lake.
2.He will never forget the time he was trapped in a burning house.
3.Do you know the reason he is under great stress
4.The reason he explained at the meeting for his absence didn’t make sense.
5.I will never forget the time my friends and I played happily.
答案:1.where 2.when 3.why 4.which/that 5.when
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.This is the lady (从她那里我们学到了很多).
2.This is the farm (我的父亲在那里种植水果和蔬菜).
3.This is the place (那位有名的科学家发表演讲).
4.We have entered into an age
(梦想最有机会实现).
5.The reason (他为什么改变主意) is not clear.
答案:1.from whom we have learnt a lot
2.on which/where my father grows fruit and vegetables
3.where the famous scientist delivered a speech
4.when dreams have the best chance of coming true
5.why he changed his mind
Ⅲ.语篇填空
Dear Tom,
How are you going these days I’m writing to tell you about our school’s Sports Club
1. often organises various activities for us students.
The Sports Club is located in our school’s gym,2. which students can take exercise or practise their skills.At weekend,it is available for all students 3. are interested in sports events.The reason 4. we like the Sports Club is that it enriches our campus life.
All in all,all of us can work out for half an hour every day,through 5. we can strengthen our bodies.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
答案:1.which/that 2.in 3.that/who 4.why 5.which
