2025-2026学年沪教版英语七年级上册
Unit 1 Friendship
【词汇】知识点清单
1.guitar /ɡ tɑ (r)/ n. 吉他
短语:
electric guitar 电吉他
例句:
She played a tune on her guitar.
她用她的吉他弹了一支曲子。
2.honest / n st/ adj. 诚实的
记忆:
hones 荣誉;尊严 + t → honest 诚实的
例句:
I know she's honest and reliable.
我知道她是诚实可靠的。
拓展:
它的其反义词为 dishonest“不诚实的”;其名词形式为 honesty“诚实”。
注意:
honest的读音以元音音素开头,因此其前若加不定冠词应用an。
An honest man does not tell lies.
诚实的人不说谎。
3.patient / pe ( )nt/ adj. 有耐心的
记忆:
pat 受伤 + i + ent 表示状态,过程 → 原指受伤之后的冷静和忍耐的状态 → patient 耐心的
例句:
She's very patient with young children.
她对幼儿特别有耐心。
拓展:
①patient的反义词为 impatient(没有耐心的);副词形式为patiently(耐心地);名词形式为patience(耐心)。
Try not to be too impatient with her.
尽量别对她太没耐心。
Mr Green explains the sentence to me patiently.
格林老师耐心地给我解释那个句子。
People have lost patience with the slow pace of reform.
人们对改革的缓慢速度已失去耐性。
②patient〔可数名词〕病人
The patient is too weak to speak.
这个病人太虚弱了,不能说话。
The nurse is patient with her patients.
那名护士对她的病人很有耐心。
4.be good at 擅长……
拓展:
be good for 适合,有益于
例句:
She's good at art and design.
她擅长美术和设计。
拓展:
同义短语:do well in…。
I'm good at English. = I do well in English.
我擅长英语。
Mary is good at swimming. = Mary does well in swimming.
玛丽擅长游泳。
5.turn to somebody for help 求助于某人
短语:
turn to 求助于,转向,致力于
例句:
Why not turn to your neighbor for help
为什么不求助于邻居帮忙呢?
6.after school 放学后
短语:
after-school activities 课外活动
例句:
Shall I meet you after school today
今天放学后我去找你好吗?
7.improve / m pru v/ v. 改进;改善
记忆:
im 使 + prove 好的 → 使更好,使增加利润 → improve 改进,改善
例句:
It's never too late to improve your diet.
改善饮食什么时候都不嫌晚。
拓展:
improvement〔名词〕改进;改善
It's only a small improvement.
这只是一个小小的改进。
8.confident / k nf d nt/ adj. 自信的;有自信心的
记忆:
con 表强调 + fid 信任 +ent 形容词词尾 → 非常信任自己 →confident 自信的
例句:
She was in a relaxed, confident mood.
她的心态从容而自信。
拓展:
①be/feel confident to do sth. 有信心做某事
Tom feels confident to pass the final exam.
汤姆有信心通过期末考试。
②be/feel confident of 对……充满自信
We are confident of our future.
我们对未来充满自信。
③be/feel confident that... 确信……
I'm confident that I'll win the match.
我确信我会赢得这场比赛。
9.courage / k r d / n. 勇气;胆量
记忆:
cour (cord变形而来)心脏 + age 表示状态 → 心若在就有勇气 → courage 勇气
例句:
He showed great courage and determination.
他表现得十分勇敢和果断。
10.be willing to do something 愿意做某事
拓展:
willing 愿意的,乐意的
例句:
I am willing to make a trade with you.
我愿意和你做个交易。
11.thanks to 幸亏;由于; 因为
拓展:
thanks n. 谢谢(只用复数)
例句:
It was all a great success—thanks to a lot of hard work.
由于尽心竭力,这才大获成功。
拓展:
thanks to 幸亏;由于;因为。可与 with the help of 或 because of 进行同义转换。
Thanks to Mary(= With the help of Mary), I can finish the homework on time.
多亏了玛丽(的帮助),我能按时完成家庭作业。
Thanks to (= Because of) hard work, we all got good grades.
由于努力学习,我们都取得了好成绩。
12.friendship / frend p/ n. 友谊;朋友关系
记忆:
friend 朋友 + -ship 抽象名词后缀
例句:
Your friendship is very important to me.
你的友情对我非常重要。
拓展:
close friendship 亲密的友谊
form friendships with sb. 和某人建立友谊
Many families form close friendships with the students.
许多家庭和学生建立了亲密的友谊。
13.count on 依靠(某人做某事)
拓展:
count 数数;计数,点数目
例句:
We can't count on the good weather lasting.
我们不能指望这样好的天气会持久。
14.admiration / dm re ( )n/ n. 钦佩;赞赏
记忆:
admir(e) 钦佩,赞美 + ation 表示行为,结果 → 钦佩,赞美
例句:
She won admiration for her comportment during the trial.
她在选拔赛中的表现得到了赞赏。
15.respect /r spekt/ n. 尊敬;尊重
记忆:
re 回,往后 + spect 看 → 回顾,特别关注 → respect 尊敬
例句:
I have the greatest respect for your brother.
我非常尊敬你的哥哥。
记忆:
in respect of sth
①关于;就……而言
A writ was served on the firm in respect of their unpaid bill.
公司由于欠账而收到了传票。
②作为……的报酬
money received in respect of overtime worked 得到的加班费
16.support /s p t/ n. 支持;鼓励
记忆:
sup 自下而上 + port 承担,承受 → 从下方托住承担重量 → support 支持
例句:
Only a few people spoke in support of the proposal.
只有几个人表示支持这一提议。
拓展:
①support 〔及物动词〕支持
support sb. in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上支持某人
No matter what you do, I'll support you.
不管你做什么,我都支持你。
His family support him in his decision.
他的家人支持他的决定。
②support 〔及物动词〕抚养;赡养;支撑
He works hard to support his family.
他努力工作来养家。
Walls support the roof.
墙壁支撑着屋顶。
③supportive 〔形容词〕支持的;拥护的;给予帮助的
They are always supportive of each other.
他们总是互相支持。
17.trust /tr st/ n. 信任;信赖
记忆:
tru 信任 + st → 坚定的,值得信任的 → trust 信任
例句:
Her trust in him was unfounded.
她对他的信任毫无道理。
拓展:
trust 〔动词〕相信;信任。常见用法有:
①trust sb. (= believe in sb.) 信任某人
I just don't trust (= believe in) him.
我就是不信任他。
②trust sb. (not) to do sth. 相信某人(不)会做某事
You can trust me not to tell anyone.
你可以相信我不会跟任何人讲。
③trust sth. 相信某事
He trusts her judgement.
他相信她的判断力。
18.survey / s ve / n. 调查
短语:
questionnaire survey 问卷调查
例句:
This very thorough survey goes back to 1784.
这项非常彻底的调查可追溯到1784年。
19.personal / p s n( )l/ adj. 个性的
记忆:
person 人 + al... 相关的 → personal 个性的
例句:
The President has great personal charisma.
总统具有超凡的个人魅力。
20.quality / kw l ti/ n. 品质;品德
记忆:
qual 性质,特征 + ity 表示性质,状态 → quality 质量
例句:
Sometimes you wonder where your kids get their good qualities.
有时候你会奇怪,自己的孩子是在哪里养成那些优良品德的。
21.caring / ke r / adj. 关心他人的;体贴人的
拓展:
care v. 照顾;在意;喜欢,想要
例句:
He is a lovely boy, very gentle and caring.
他是个可爱的男孩,既温柔又体贴。
22.describe /d skra b/ v. 描述;形容
记忆:
de 向下 + scrib 写+ e → 写下来 → describe 描述
例句:
Can you describe him to me
你能向我描述一下他的样子吗?
拓展:
①表示“向……描述”时,要借助介词to。
He is describing the criminal to the police.
他正在向警察描述那个罪犯。
②description〔名词〕描述,描写
That is a description of you.
那是对你的描述。
23.appearance / p r ns/ n. 外貌
词根:
pear = 出现
例句:
She used to be so fussy about her appearance.
她过去过分在意自己的外表。
24.medium height 中等身高
例句:
Mitchell is well-built, of medium height, with a dark complexion.
米切尔身体强壮,中等个子,面色黝黑。
拓展:
①medium / mi di m/ (abbr. M)中等的;中号的
②Sb. + be + of medium height.
某人中等身高。
He is a man of medium height.
他是一个中等身高的男人。
My Chinese teacher is of medium height.
我的语文老师中等身高。
25.straight /stre t/ adj. 直的
词根:
str = 拉紧;击打;压
例句:
The road continues as straight as an arrow.
公路笔直延伸。
拓展:
straight 〔副词〕直接地,径直地
After parking his car, he goes straight to take the plane.
停放好小汽车后,他直接去乘飞机。
26.dark /dɑ k/ adj. 褐色的;乌黑的
短语:
dark horse 黑马
例句:
Sue has long dark hair.
苏留着长长的黑发。
拓展:
①〔形容词〕黑暗的;昏暗的
反义词为 bright,意为“光明的;光线充足的”。
It's getting dark.
天快黑了。
②〔形容词〕(颜色)深的。反义词为 light,意为“(颜色)浅的”。
I like dark blue.
我喜欢深蓝色。
③〔名词〕黑暗;暗处。
She could not see anything in the dark.
她在黑暗中什么也看不见。
27.same /se m/ adj. 同一的;相同的
记忆:
sam 同体,相同 + e → same 相同的
例句:
Our children go to the same school as theirs.
我们的孩子和他们的孩子上同一所学校。
拓展:
①same的反义词为different,意为“不同的”。
They are in the same school, but in different classes.
他们在同一所学校,但在不同的班级。
②same 〔代词〕同样的事物
They look the same.
它们看上去一样。
28.basic / be s k/ adj. 基本的;基础的
词根:
bas = 去,底
例句:
Drums are basic to African music.
鼓是非洲音乐的基本乐器。
29.modern dance 现代舞
拓展:
modern / m d( )n/ adj. 现代的;当代的;近代的
例句:
I am learning modern dance in school.
我在学校学跳现代舞。
30.thought /θ t/ n. 想法
短语:
lost in thought 陷入沉思
例句:
I've just had a thought.
我刚刚有了个想法。
拓展:
①on second thoughts (表示已改变想法)又一想,转念一想
I'll wait here. No, on second thoughts, I'll come with you.
我就在这儿等。不,再一想,我还是跟你一起走。
②without a second thought 立即;马上;不假思索
He dived in after her without a second thought.
他不假思索地随她跳入水中。
31.however /ha ev (r)/ adv. 然而;不过
记忆:
how 怎样 + ever 永远,表强调
例句:
We thought the figures were correct. However, we have now discovered some errors.
我们原以为这些数据正确。不过我们现在发现了一些错误。
32.take care of 照顾;照料
拓展:
take care 小心,警惕
例句:
We need to take care of our bodies.
我们需要照顾好自己的身体。
拓展:
take care of相当于 look after 或 care for,其后可接名词或代词作宾语。
take good care of = look after well 好好照顾……
Can you help me take care of/look after/care for my little sister
你能帮我照顾我妹妹吗?
33.watch over 照管;监督
拓展:
watch out 留神;注意
例句:
These mothers take turns to watch over each other's children.
这些母亲轮流照看彼此的孩子。
34.glad /gl d/ adj. 高兴的;愉快的
短语:
glad to see you 见到你很高兴
例句:
I'm glad to hear you're feeling better.
听说你感觉好些了,我很高兴。
拓展:
①be glad to do sth. 高兴做某事
I'm glad to receive your email.
我很高兴收到你的电子邮件。
②be glad + that从句 ……很高兴
We are glad that you're feeling better.
你感觉好些了,我们很高兴。
35.rise /ra z/ v. 上升
词根:
rise = 上升,举起
例句:
Smoke was rising from the chimney.
烟从烟囱里升起。
拓展:
rise 起床;起立;站起来
He rose from the table.
他从桌子旁站起身。
36.rise into 上升到
短语:
rise into the air 升空
例句:
Today, when the lanterns slowly rise into the air, people make wishes.
如今,人们会在孔明灯缓缓升空的时候许下愿望。
37.cry out 大叫;叫喊
拓展:
cry v. 哭,哭泣;喊叫,呼喊;(兽或鸟)大叫
例句:
I stopped my ears but still heard her cry out.
我捂上耳朵,但还能听见她大声喊叫。
38.end /end/ n. 结局
短语:
at the end of 在……尽头;在……结束时
例句:
Her home is at the end of this street.
她家在这条街的尽头。
拓展:
①in the end 最后
She always gets her own way in the end.
到最后总是她说了算。
②by the end of 到……末为止
We can learn about 800 words by the end of this year.
到今年年底我们能学800个单词。
③from beginning to end 从头到尾
I watched the programme from beginning to end.
这个节目我从头看到了尾。
④end 〔动词〕结束,终止。反义词为begin。
The movie ends.
电影结束了。
How does the story end
故事的结局是怎样的?
We often end the class meeting with song.
我们常以一首歌结束班会。
39.cry oneself to sleep 哭着入睡
短语:
cry myself to sleep 我哭着入睡
例句:
I used to cry myself to sleep every night.
以前我每天晚上都哭着入睡。
40.wake up 醒;醒来
拓展:
wake v. 唤醒,醒来;唤起,激起
例句:
You will automatically wake up after this length of time.
你将在这段时间之后自然醒来。
拓展:
wake up还可以作“叫醒”,是“动词+副词”结构,名词作宾语时,名词可放在 wake 与 up 之间或 up 后面;人称代词作宾语时,应将人称代词放在 wake 与 up 之间。
His mother often wakes him up at 5:00 in the morning.
他妈妈经常早上5点把他叫醒。
41.come and go 来去
拓展:
come 来,go 去
例句:
They were able to come and go at will.
他们能够来去自由。
42.take somebody's place 替代某人
短语:
take place 发生,举行
例句:
Who will take her place
谁来替她呢?
拓展:
in place of 代替……,顶替
You can use bananas in place of apples.
你可以用香蕉代替苹果。
43.heart /hɑ t/ n. 心
短语:
heart rate 心率
例句:
His heart was beating wildly.
他的心脏剧烈地跳着。
e along 出现
短语:
come along with 随同;伴同
例句:
I'm not getting married in a hurry—I'm waiting for Mr Right to come along.
我不想匆忙结婚——我在等着如意郎君的出现。