情态动词 （讲义）-2026届高考英语复习专项
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| 名称 | 情态动词 （讲义）-2026届高考英语复习专项 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-09-19 14:20:22 | ||
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语法专练：情态动词（整理）
一、情态动词常考基本用法
1. can/could 表能力, 可用于肯定句，
表示理论上的可能性，表示笼统的时间中事物的特征
Anybody who wants to try can be successful.
Scotland can be very warm in September.
can/could/may/might表示许可和请求
在日常生活中，表示"允许"；could 可以代替can用来表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转，表请求。
Can/Could I use your pen (could 比can更客气，语气更委婉)
Yes, you can. ( 回答时不能说成could)
Can I 。。。？ 与 Shall I 。。。？ 区别
Shall I。。。？ 更侧重主动提出建议或征求对方是否需要自己做某事的意见
Can I 。。。？更侧重询问是否行，是否允许，最好是肯定回应
can习惯短语：cannot…too/adj er 越…越好，再…也不为过
cannot but do 不得不
cannot help but do 不得不
I cannot recommend this movie too highly. 我强烈推荐此电影
You cannot be too careful. 你越仔细越好。
I cannot but do so. 我不得不干
2. may用于祈使句，表"祝愿"
May you both be happy！祝你们俩幸福！
May you succeed！ 祝你成功！
may习惯搭配： may /might as well 还是…的好, 还不如
You may as well give him the letter. 你还是把信给他为好。
I might as well stay at home tonight. 我今晚还是呆在家里吧。
3. must表示说话人主观认为的"必须"，而have/has to表示客观的需要，也可译为"不得不" 。
must not=mustn't 表示禁止，"不许"，"一定不能" 。
do not have to =don't have to "不必"
must 用于疑问句时，肯定回答用must, 否定回答用need not 或don't have/need to
I really must stop smoking.
You mustn't go now.
You don't have to go now.
Must I hand in my paper now Yes, you must. (No, you needn't. 或No, you don't have to. )
must用在反意疑问句中
在反意疑问句中，附加部分要和陈述部分的情态动词或主要动词在意思上相呼应，使用情况各有不同：当陈述部分中的must作"必须，一定要"讲时，附加部分用mustn't 或needn't; 当must表推测，作"一定是，准是"讲时，附加部分要根据must后的原形动词选用相对应的形式。
He must work hard at English, mustn't he 他必须努力学习英语，是吧？
You must renew the book, needn't you 你必须续借这本书，对不对？
He must be a teacher, isn't he 他准是一名教师，是吗？（不说mustn't）
You must have studied English for many years, haven't you
He must have arrived here yesterday, didn't he
must表示"偏偏"
The car must break down just when we were about to start off.
我们正要出发时偏偏车又坏了。
4. will 和would表意愿、决心
I will never do it again. 我再也不做那种事了。
will/would 表示事物的某种性质和倾向，“注定会”
Oil will float on water.
The engine won’t start.
5. would 可表示过去的习惯动作 “过去常常”
He would sit there for hours sometimes, doing nothing at all.
6. shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句，表示说话人征询对方意见或请求指示。
用于第二、第三人称，表示意愿、期望、允诺、命令、强制、警告、威胁等语气，
Where shall I put my bag 我把包放在哪里好呢？
You shall keep your room in order. 你须保持房间整洁。（表命令）
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（表警告）
shall用于法律条文中，一般用shall表义务和规定
The rules shall take effect on Jan. 1st.
7. should有时可表达说话人感彩，表达意外和不满，"竟然，竟会"
Why should you be so late 为什么你竟这么晚？
I'm sorry that you should think so badly of me. 你竟把我想得那么坏，我感到遗憾。
二、情态动词表推测
（一）情态动词表推测的三种句式
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定)，may（可能），might 理论上的可能性用 can/could
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。
It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.这不可能是校长，他去美国了。
He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。
3.疑问句中用can/could (能…… )。
Could he have finished the task 他可能把任务完成了吗？
Can he be at home now 他现在能在家吗？
（二）情态动词表推测
1.对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词 + do / be ”。
She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。
She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.
她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。
2.对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词 + be”，
“情态动词 +be doing”
“情态动词 + do”。
He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.
He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.
Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony
3.对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词 + have done”。
It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.
The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .
Can / Could he have gotten the book？
三、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法
(一)在状语从句中
If从句 主句
过去 If S had +过去分词 S+should/would/could/might+have done
现在 If S 过去时/were S+should/would/could/might+do
将来 If S 过去时/were to do/should do S+should/would/could/might+do
过去 As if S+had done 无虚拟
现在 As if S+过去式 无虚拟
将来 As if S+would/could do 无虚拟
过去 Otherwise/or S+would have done
现在 Otherwise/or S+do
将来 Otherwise/or S+do
注1：有时还可以出现主从句时间错综的情况
If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now.
注2：虚拟语气中，从句中谓语有were/had/should时，可将if省略, 把这三个词提到句首，变为倒装句式。
If he were here, he would come to our help.
Were he here, he would come to our help.
注3： should have done 本应该做而没做
could have done 本可以做而没做
(二)其它句型或从句中
1. It is time that …过去式/should do
2. This/It is the first/fourth time that …have done…
This was the first time that …had done…
3. 含有insist, suggest, order, command, advise, demand, propose, require, request, recommend, advice, desire, recommendation等表示建议、命令、要求的词的名词性从句中，从句要使用should+动词原形，should可以省略。
（3）Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony
3.对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。
（1）It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.
（2）The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .
（3）Can / Could he have gotten the book？
一、情态动词常考基本用法
1. can/could 表能力, 可用于肯定句，
表示理论上的可能性，表示笼统的时间中事物的特征
Anybody who wants to try can be successful.
Scotland can be very warm in September.
can/could/may/might表示许可和请求
在日常生活中，表示"允许"；could 可以代替can用来表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转，表请求。
Can/Could I use your pen (could 比can更客气，语气更委婉)
Yes, you can. ( 回答时不能说成could)
Can I 。。。？ 与 Shall I 。。。？ 区别
Shall I。。。？ 更侧重主动提出建议或征求对方是否需要自己做某事的意见
Can I 。。。？更侧重询问是否行，是否允许，最好是肯定回应
can习惯短语：cannot…too/adj er 越…越好，再…也不为过
cannot but do 不得不
cannot help but do 不得不
I cannot recommend this movie too highly. 我强烈推荐此电影
You cannot be too careful. 你越仔细越好。
I cannot but do so. 我不得不干
2. may用于祈使句，表"祝愿"
May you both be happy！祝你们俩幸福！
May you succeed！ 祝你成功！
may习惯搭配： may /might as well 还是…的好, 还不如
You may as well give him the letter. 你还是把信给他为好。
I might as well stay at home tonight. 我今晚还是呆在家里吧。
3. must表示说话人主观认为的"必须"，而have/has to表示客观的需要，也可译为"不得不" 。
must not=mustn't 表示禁止，"不许"，"一定不能" 。
do not have to =don't have to "不必"
must 用于疑问句时，肯定回答用must, 否定回答用need not 或don't have/need to
I really must stop smoking.
You mustn't go now.
You don't have to go now.
Must I hand in my paper now Yes, you must. (No, you needn't. 或No, you don't have to. )
must用在反意疑问句中
在反意疑问句中，附加部分要和陈述部分的情态动词或主要动词在意思上相呼应，使用情况各有不同：当陈述部分中的must作"必须，一定要"讲时，附加部分用mustn't 或needn't; 当must表推测，作"一定是，准是"讲时，附加部分要根据must后的原形动词选用相对应的形式。
He must work hard at English, mustn't he 他必须努力学习英语，是吧？
You must renew the book, needn't you 你必须续借这本书，对不对？
He must be a teacher, isn't he 他准是一名教师，是吗？（不说mustn't）
You must have studied English for many years, haven't you
He must have arrived here yesterday, didn't he
must表示"偏偏"
The car must break down just when we were about to start off.
我们正要出发时偏偏车又坏了。
4. will 和would表意愿、决心
I will never do it again. 我再也不做那种事了。
will/would 表示事物的某种性质和倾向，“注定会”
Oil will float on water.
The engine won’t start.
5. would 可表示过去的习惯动作 “过去常常”
He would sit there for hours sometimes, doing nothing at all.
6. shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句，表示说话人征询对方意见或请求指示。
用于第二、第三人称，表示意愿、期望、允诺、命令、强制、警告、威胁等语气，
Where shall I put my bag 我把包放在哪里好呢？
You shall keep your room in order. 你须保持房间整洁。（表命令）
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（表警告）
shall用于法律条文中，一般用shall表义务和规定
The rules shall take effect on Jan. 1st.
7. should有时可表达说话人感彩，表达意外和不满，"竟然，竟会"
Why should you be so late 为什么你竟这么晚？
I'm sorry that you should think so badly of me. 你竟把我想得那么坏，我感到遗憾。
二、情态动词表推测
（一）情态动词表推测的三种句式
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定)，may（可能），might 理论上的可能性用 can/could
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。
It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.这不可能是校长，他去美国了。
He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。
3.疑问句中用can/could (能…… )。
Could he have finished the task 他可能把任务完成了吗？
Can he be at home now 他现在能在家吗？
（二）情态动词表推测
1.对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词 + do / be ”。
She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。
She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.
她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。
2.对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词 + be”，
“情态动词 +be doing”
“情态动词 + do”。
He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.
He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.
Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony
3.对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词 + have done”。
It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.
The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .
Can / Could he have gotten the book？
三、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法
(一)在状语从句中
If从句 主句
过去 If S had +过去分词 S+should/would/could/might+have done
现在 If S 过去时/were S+should/would/could/might+do
将来 If S 过去时/were to do/should do S+should/would/could/might+do
过去 As if S+had done 无虚拟
现在 As if S+过去式 无虚拟
将来 As if S+would/could do 无虚拟
过去 Otherwise/or S+would have done
现在 Otherwise/or S+do
将来 Otherwise/or S+do
注1：有时还可以出现主从句时间错综的情况
If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now.
注2：虚拟语气中，从句中谓语有were/had/should时，可将if省略, 把这三个词提到句首，变为倒装句式。
If he were here, he would come to our help.
Were he here, he would come to our help.
注3： should have done 本应该做而没做
could have done 本可以做而没做
(二)其它句型或从句中
1. It is time that …过去式/should do
2. This/It is the first/fourth time that …have done…
This was the first time that …had done…
3. 含有insist, suggest, order, command, advise, demand, propose, require, request, recommend, advice, desire, recommendation等表示建议、命令、要求的词的名词性从句中，从句要使用should+动词原形，should可以省略。
（3）Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony
3.对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。
（1）It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.
（2）The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .
（3）Can / Could he have gotten the book？