课件17张PPT。B8U5-Grammar
动词的时态和语态专练一 单项选择
1-5 ADDBD
6-10 DBCCC1. No decision _________________ (make) about any
future appointment until all the candidates have
been interviewed.
2. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I
__________________ (tell) that the cloth __________
(wash) well.
3. A new cinema ________________ (build) here. They
hope to finish it next month.
4. This Monday morning I was informed that I
_________________ (choose) as one of the three
exchange students from our school.
5. By the end of next year this work ________________
___________ (complete).will be madehave been toldwashesis being builthad been chosenwill have beencompleted6. Experiments of this kind ______________________
(conduct) in both the US and Europe well before the
Second World War.
7. In the last few years thousands of films
____________________ (produce) all over the world.
8. The church tower which _______________________
(restore) will be open to tourists soon. The work is
almost finished.
9. This coastal area ______________ (name) a national
wildlife reserve last year. had been conductedhave been producedis being restoredwas named10. The water _________ (feel) cool when I jumped into
the pool for morning exercise.
11. To our disappointment, the trip we had been looking
forward to _________ (start) in the pouring rain.
12. I have been on a diet for months and by the next
time you see me, I ______________ (lose) five pounds.
13. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium
_____________________ (complete) in Beijing.
14. We were very busy yesterday. Otherwise we
____________________ (take) part in the discussion.feltstartedwill have losthad been completedwould have taken15. On Sunday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the
market, _____________ (buy) some bananas and
visited her cousin.
16. The little girl cried her heart out because she
______________ (lose) her toy bear and believed she
wasn’t ever going to find it.
17. Our manager won’t be able to come back next week,
because he ____________________ (enjoy) himself
in Xi'an then.
18. The fact that so many people still smoke in public
places ____________ (suggest) that we may need a
nationwide campaign to raise people's awareness of
the risks of smoking. boughthad lostwill be enjoyingsuggests19. Look at the pride on Tom's face. He seems to
_________________ (praise) by the manager
just now.
20. It's high time that he settled down in the city
and _________ (start) a new life.
21. Until then, John and I ___________________
(wait) patiently for two hours and we would
wait till the movie star arrived.
22. It is the most instructive lecture that I
__________________ (attend) since I came to
this school. have been praisedstartedhad been waitinghave attended 23. We _____________________ (work) on this
project for four hours. Let's have a rest.
24. If this book _____________ (come) out, we
wouldn't have thought the idea of cutting
down trees to make paper for books.
25. The little boy __________ (fall) asleep while
watching TV. His mother carried him to bed. have been workinghad comefell三 改错
1. An important meeting is held at the meeting room now. No reporters are allowed to enter it.
2. Once she decided to go to Beijing, she will telephone you.
3. He wishes he took the teacher's advice when he did the experiment.
4. When my parents came in, I played for a while and was going to do some reading.
is being helddecideshad takenhad played5. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son graduated from college.
6. ----Did you go to Tom's birthday party?
----No, I haven't been invited. Did they have a big party?
7. I played Ping-pong quite well, but I haven't had time to play since the new year.
8. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people had begun to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.
had graduatedhadn’tplaybeganPassage 1
My senior year, I can't believe it's almost over. Now when I look back, it __________ (be) stressful, but exciting, the ball, graduation, and then of course, college.
I started my college application process months before Christmas. My parents told me it _____________________ (be) smart if I set up interviews and tours. But I didn't have clear aim. I wanted to go to college, but I didn't want to deal with the stress.waswould be As the days flew up, my applications lay on my desk as I ______________ (leave) them three months before. “You ________________ (waste) valuable time,” my parents complained. Sweeping away the __________ (gather) dust on the applications, I worked on them every Sunday until I finished. Next came writing the essays. I had many ideas, but every school had different requirements. I changed them until I was __________ (please). Finally, everything was under way.had leftare wastinggatheredpleased Now I just had to wait. In March, I started receiving letters of rejection. I began to think that I _________ (set) myself up for disappointment. I had a letter from Salem State College __________ (state) that they wanted to see my third quarter grades before they made their decision. Yes! At least someone wanted to consider me. At the beginning of April, I __________ (receive) a letter from Keens State. I _________________ (reject). Those ___________ (open) words “We regret to inform you...” made me sit down and cry. I had lost all hope. had setstatingreceivedhad been rejectedopeningThen I heard from Plymouth State. Not my first choice, but... I had been accepted. Maybe if I __________ (get) my grades up, I can transfer to another school...
The college application process hurts me deeply. All my friends had dozens of schools to choose from. I guess my parents were right. High school grades __________ (be) important to my future plans. If I could do it over again, I ___________________ (take) it seriously. getarewould takePassage 2
Are you planning to spend a couple of days in England? There is always something new _________ is in store for the tourists who set foot in England. ________________ (spend) a short break in UK means that you want to explore the place in an unusual light. If you have already been along to _______ capital, you need to try another site. The New Forest
_______________ (locate) in Southern England and is another pride of the nation.thatSpendingtheis located The New Forest ______________ (exist) as the royal hunting forest for nearly nine hundred years before 2005. It ______________ (create) in 1079 by William as a hunting area, principally of deer. Since 2005, it __________________(become) a national park for the public. The New Forest ___________________ (be) an important source of wood for the royal family as well up to now. It is a fantastic place for walking, riding and mountain biking.had existedwas createdhas becomehas been A special event in the New Forest _____________ (call) the “The New Forest Show”, which features the equestrian(马术) and agricultural presentations and is held in July. This place _______________(make) your England vacation very enjoyable if you go to it.is calledwill makeB8U5 动词的时态和语态 (编号3)
一、动词时态概述
英语中动词时态共有16种，但常用的有11种，常用时态形式如下所示：
现在
过去
将来
一般时
一般现在时
do/ does; am/ is/ are
一般过去时
did; was/ were
一般将来时
will do
进行时
现在进行时
am/ is/ are doing
过去进行时
was/ were doing
将来进行时
will be doing
完成时
现在完成时
have/ has done
过去完成时
had done
将来完成时
will have done
完成进行时
现在完成进行时
have/ has been doing
过去完成进行时
had been doing
二、动词时态的基本用法
1. 一般现在时
A. 表示习惯或反复发生的动作或存在的状态
1) We have meals three times a day. (现在的习惯)
2) He is always ready to help others. (现在的状态)
B. 表示客观事实或真理
The sun rises in the east.
C. 在时间、条件及让步状语从句中表示将来
1) I will go with you as soon as I finish my homework.
2) If city noises are not kept from increasing, people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
3) Whatever you say, I will not change my mind.
2. 一般过去时
A. 表示过去的动作、习惯或状态
1）I received her letter yesterday. (过去的动作)
2）When I was a boy, I often went to play in that park. (过去的习惯)
3）The boy was always willing to share his happiness with others. (过去的状态)
B. 在具体的语境下，表示“刚刚、刚才”，暗含现在不那样了
1）What a small world, Peter! I didn’t know you were here in London too.
2）--- Come in, Mike. I want to show you something.
--- Oh, how nice of you! I never thought you were going to give me a present.
3. 一般将来时
现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态；事物的固有属性或必然趋势
Tom will come back next week. (将来要发生的动作)
Fish will die without water. (事物的必然趋势)
4. 现在进行时
A. 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作
Don’t disturb him. He is working on a report.
B. 表示近段时间主要进行的动作，说话时不一定进行
The workers are building a new factory.
C. 表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，与频度副词连用，如always, continually, constantly等，带有赞许、厌恶、遗憾等感彩
1) He is always thinking of others first. (表示赞许)
2) The boss is always criticizing his employees. (表示厌恶)
5. 过去进行时
A. 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作
At this time yesterday, they were having lunch.
B. 表示过去某一阶段主要从事的活动
I was traveling abroad last month.
C. 表示过去反复出现或习惯性的动作，与频度副词连用，如always, continually, constantly等，带有赞许、厌恶、遗憾等感彩
She is always finding fault with him. (表示厌恶)
6. 将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或时段内正在进行的动作
I will be having an English lesson at 8:00 am tomorrow.
7. 现在完成时
A. 一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，常与时间状语lately, recently, in the last/ past few days/ years, since then, up to now, so far等连用。
1) In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.
2) He has been busy writing a book recently.
3) He has written 8 books so far.
B. 一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响，注意这时说话者的说话重心在于强调过去的动作对现在的影响
1) He has turned off the light. (意在强调：The light is off now.)
2) The concert has started. (意在强调：The concert is on now.)
3) I have already seen the film. (意在强调：I know the film now.)
C. 用于某些固定句型中
It has been/ is + 时间段 + since…
This/ It is the first/ second… time that…
1) This is the first time that I have come here.
2) It has been/ is ten years since I came to Beijing.
8. 过去完成时
A. 表示过去某一时刻之前完成或在过去另一动作完成之前的动作，即“过去的过去”
1) She had learned some English before she came to the institute.
2) By then he had learned English for 3 years.
3) Until then he had known nothing about it yet.
B. 用于某些固定句型中
句型1：…hardly/ scarcely had done….when…; … no sooner had done… than… 在这两个句型中，when 和 than从句里用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，表示“刚刚……就……”
句型2：It was/ had been + 时间段 + since从句，since 从句的谓语动词用过去完成时
句型3：That/ It/ This was the first/ second… time + that 从句，that从句的谓语动词用过去完成时
I had hardly got home when the rain poured down.
= Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.
We had no sooner started than the car got a flat tyre.
= No sooner had we started than the car got a flat tyre.
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.
C. 与愿望、打算一类词连用，如hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose等，表示过去未曾实现的愿望
1) I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at that moment.
2) I had hoped to pass the exam.
9. 将来完成时
表示将来某一时刻之前或将来某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作，常与时间状语“by+将来的某个时间”连用
By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students.
By the end of next term we will have learned over 3,000 English words.
10. 现在完成进行时
A. 表示一个动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在，并且还有可能继续
1) She has been teaching English since she graduated.
2) He has been learning English for 6 years.
B. 表示某一动作一直到说话时的某一时间段内一再重复，表达说话者的某种感彩
He has been calling on her several times this week.
11. 过去完成进行时
表示过去开始的动作，一直持续到过去的某个时间
1) He had been living here before he went to Shanghai.
2) When I first met her, she had been working in the company for 10 years.
三、动词的被动语态
1. 动词常用时态的被动语态，如下表所示：
现在
过去
将来
一般时
一般现在时
am/ is/ are done
一般过去时
was/ were done
一般将来时
will be done
进行时
现在进行时
am/ is/ are being done
过去进行时
was/ were being done
将来进行时
will be being done
完成时
现在完成时
have/ has been done
过去完成时
had been done
将来完成时
will have been done
完成进行时
2. 主动形式表被动意义
A. 某些感官动词和连系动词，如look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, prove, turn, become, stay, fall, grow, keep等 + 形容词或名词，构成系表结构
1) The steel feels cold.
2) His plan proved practical.
3) The dish tastes delicious.
B. 表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如read, write, act, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, dry, shut, lock, eat, drink等。这类动词一般不能单独使用，要加一个修饰语
1) This coat dries easily.
2) Nylon cleans easily.
3) Your speech reads well.
4) His book sells well.
C. 部分动词，如print, cook, fry, hang, build, make等，用于进行时，主动表被动
1) The book is printing.
2) The food is cooking.
D. 介词in, on, under 等 + 名词，构成介词短语表被动意义，名词前一般不加冠词
under control, under treatment, under repair, under discussion, under construction, in print, on sale, on show, on trial, beyond belief, beyond one’s reach, beyond one’s control, for sale, for rent, out of control, out of one’s reach等
E. get + 过去分词，表示被动意义
get常与marry, engage, hurt, wound, break, lose, drink, catch, stick, trap, dress, damage, repair等动词的过去分词连用，构成被动语态
Be careful when you cross this busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car.
John and Jane got married last month.
动词时态语态专题练习
单项选择
1. ---Does John serve in the army?
---No, but he ________ in the army for five years.
A. served
B. has served
C. is serving
D. would serve
2. ---You haven’t said a word about my new hair-style, Molly. Do you like it?
---I’m sorry I _____ anything about it. I certainly think it’s pretty.
A. wasn’t saying
B. don’t say
C. won’t say
D. didn’t say
3. Unfortunately, when I dropped in, Professor Li _______, so we only had time for a few words.
A. has just left
B. had just left
C. just left
D. was just leaving
4. ---Do you know who wanted me on the phone?
---Sorry, I don’t know. I _____ a bath in the bathroom.
A. have had
B. was having
C. had
D. am having
5. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _____ English for a year.
A. studies
B. studied
C. is studying
D. has been studying
6. I _______ letters this morning and _____ for four hours so far.
A. will write; wrote
B. have written; have written
C. was writing; wrote
D. have been writing; have written
7. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ________ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had considered
B. has been considering
C. considered
D. is going to consider
8. It seems that you _______ this report or you can see what I questioned just now.
A. don’t read
B. didn’t read
C. haven’t read
D. hadn’t read
9. This time next week, we _______astronauts from the Challenger trying to deal with the mechanical problems.
A. will see
B. will have seen
C. will be seeing
D. shall see
10. The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant______in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.
A. gave
B. gives
C. was giving
D. had giving
二、阅读下列句子，用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. No decision _________________ (make) about any future appointment until all the
candidates have been interviewed.
2. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _____________ (tell) that the cloth
___________ (wash) well.
3. A new cinema ________________ (build) here. They hope to finish it next month.
4. This Monday morning I was informed that I _________________ (choose) as one
of the three exchange students from our school.
5. By the end of next year this work __________________ (complete).
6. Experiments of this kind _______________ (conduct) in both the US and Europe
well before the Second World War.
7. In the last few years thousands of films ____________________ (produce) all over
the world.
8. The church tower which _______________ (restore) will be open to tourists soon.
The work is almost finished.
9. This coastal area ___________ (name) a national wildlife reserve last year.
10. The water _________ (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning
exercise.
11. To our disappointment, the trip we had been looking forward to _________ (start)
in the pouring rain.
12. I have been on a diet for months and by the next time you see me, I ________
(lose) five pounds.
13. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ______________ (complete) in
Beijing.
14. We were very busy yesterday. Otherwise we _______ (take) part in the discussion.
15. On Sunday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, __________ (buy) some
bananas and visited her cousin.
16. The little girl cried her heart out because she ______________ (lose) her toy bear
and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it.
17. Our manager won’t be able to come back next week, because he _____________
(enjoy) himself in Xi’an then.
18. The fact that so many people still smoke in public places __________ (suggest)
that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise people’s awareness of the risks
of smoking.
19. Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He seems to _________________ (praise) by
the manager just now.
20. It’s high time that he settled down in the city and _________ (start) a new life.
21. Until then, John and I _________________ (wait) patiently for two hours and we
would wait till the movie star arrived.
22. It is the most instructive lecture that I _____________ (attend) since I came to
this school.
23. We ______________ (work) on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.
24. If this book _____________ (come) out, we wouldn’t have thought the idea of
cutting down trees to make paper for books.
25. The little boy __________ (fall) asleep while watching TV. His mother carried
him to bed.
三、改错
1. An important meeting is held at the meeting room now. No reporters are allowed to
enter it.
2. Once she decided to go to Beijing, she will telephone you.
3. He wishes he took the teacher’s advice when he did the experiment.
4. When my parents came in, I played for a while and was going to do some reading.
5. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son graduated from college.
6. ----Did you go to Tom’s birthday party?
----No, I haven’t been invited. Did they have a big party?
7. I played Ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
8. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people had
begun to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.
四、语法填空
Passage 1
My senior year, I can’t believe it’s almost over. Now when I look back, it __1__ (be) stressful, but exciting, the ball, graduation, and then of course, college.
I started my college application process months before Christmas. My parents told me it _____2_____ (be) smart if I set up interviews and tours. But I didn’t have clear aim. I wanted to go to college, but I didn’t want to deal with the stress.
As the days flew up, my applications lay on my desk as I _____3_____ (leave) them three months before. “You _____4_____ (waste) valuable time,” my parents complained. Sweeping away the _____5_____ (gather) dust on the applications, I worked on them every Sunday until I finished. Next came writing the essays. I had many ideas, but every school had different requirements. I changed them until I was _____6_____ (please). Finally, everything was under way.
Now I just had to wait. In March, I started receiving letters of rejection. I began to think that I _____7____ (set) myself up for disappointment. I had a letter from Salem State College _____8_____ (state) that they wanted to see my third quarter grades before they made their decision. Yes! At least someone wanted to consider me. At the beginning of April, I _____9_____ (receive) a letter from Keens State. I _____10_____ (reject). Those _____11_____ (open) words “We regret to inform you...” made me sit down and cry. I had lost all hope. Then I heard from Plymouth State. Not my first choice, but... I had been accepted. Maybe if I _____12_____ (get) my grades up, I can transfer to another school...
The college application process hurts me deeply. All my friends had dozens of schools to choose from. I guess my parents were right. High school grades _____13_____ (be) important to my future plans. If I could do it over again, I _____14_____ (take) it seriously.
Passage 2
Are you planning to spend a couple of days in England? There is always something new 1 is in store for the tourists who set foot in England. 2 (spend) a short break in UK means that you want to explore the place in an unusual light. If you have already been along to 3 capital, you need to try another site. The New Forest 4 (locate) in Southern England and is another pride of the nation.
The New Forest 5 (exist) as the royal hunting forest for nearly nine hundred years before 2005. It 6 (create) in 1079 by William as a hunting area, principally of deer. Since 2005, it 7 (become) a national park for the public. The New Forest 8 (be) an important source of wood for the royal family as well up to now. It is a fantastic place for walking, riding and mountain biking.
A special event in the New Forest 9 (call) the “The New Forest Show”, which features the equestrian(马术) and agricultural presentations and is held in July. This place 10 (make) your England vacation very enjoyable if you go to it.
课件28张PPT。高二人教新课标版选修八Unit 5
Meeting your ancestorsLearning about Language1 Complete the passage using the
correct form of the words and phrase. Discovering useful words and expressions alternative sharpen identify
regardless of aware excavation
assume ample primitive due Davidson Black was a Canadian doctor who
organized the ____________ that led to the
discovery of the bones in the Zhoukoudian
caves near Beijing. He was a specialist in the
study of bones and it was his ambition to find
and ________ bones of early humans. His
university was ______ of the significance of
his work. excavationidentifyawareAt first they gave him ______ time to do this
research, but later they realized he was
prepared to pursue it ______________ his
students’ needs and his teaching career, so
they forbade him to travel there any more.
It was his assistant, Pei Wenzhong, who made
the discovery of these ________ bones and
_________ stone tools. ampleregardless ofprimitivesharpenedSomehow he cycled thirty miles to Dr Black
because there was no __________ means of
transport. Dr Black ________ this discovery
would change the way academics thought
about early people in China. He knew that his
success was almost entirely ____ to his
assistant’s systematic hard work. due alternativeassumedon behalf of in spite of regardless of
ahead of because of instead of 2 Complete these sentences using the
correct form of the phrases below. 1. Nobody has the right to spit in the
street _____________ their social
position or age. regardless of2. _________ the song’s popularity, the band
deleted it from their new album as they failed
to find one who could sing it well enough.
3. Sophie got a bad scratch from her cat
__________ her carelessness while playing
with it. In spite ofbecause of4. Sam made a tentative guess that six months
of his flying course lay ________ him.
5. The vice president gave a welcome speech
____________ the Academy of Arts at the
exhibition.
6. The guest waited patiently at the
receptionist’s desk ___________ interrupting
the meeting. instead of ahead ofon behalf of 3 Complete these sentences with words
or phrases from the text. Make sure to use
the correct form. Since the famine broke out, the number of
people dying of __________ has been
increasing.
2. The doctor’s ________ stated that she
has suffered from ______ anxiety for
a long time. starvationanalysisacute3. This is really a ______ bookshelf and I
think you should organize it well and
put the books in __________.
4. Do you know the best way to stop
crying when _________ onions?
5. I will pay just 120 yuan for the quilt
________ because I only have that much
in my wallet.
6. This table mat is ten square ___________,
and you can get a dozen for only one dollar. at mostcentimetresmessycategoriescutting upBC
division
skillful
looked ahead
spearworkbookEx. 1, page 79Using words and expressions
6. systematic
7. wrinkled
hammer
dizzy scratches
gay
alternative
arrested
howl
spat workbookEx. 2, page 79Using words and expressions I love to mix my yogurt with strawberries, melon or other fruit to make it taste more delicious.
Scientists did not recognize the significance of radioactivity until Madam Curie used it to develop X-rays.workbookEx. 3, page 79 TranslationUsing words and expressions Harry’s pulse raced when he saw the huge beast and immediately he accelerated his car out of the jungle.
The first few photos in my family album were taken when I was in kindergarten.workbookEx. 3, page 79 TranslationUsing words and expressions I always knew that she was fed up with being a receptionist.
The audience applauded the performance of the skillful skateboarding athletes for a couple of minutes.workbookUsing words and expressions The expert said the use of tobacco dated back to 1,000 BC.
I think you need to delete unnecessary repetition from your article and check your punctuation before you hand it in.workbookUsing words and expressions What have you been doing lately?
Oh, really? Did you find it valuable?
Will you continue it for a second year then?
Don’t they offer some scholarships if you’re a good student?workbookEx. 1, page 80Using structures has increased
were discovered
would be
had been put / placed
became
comesworkbookEx. 2, page 80Using structures puts
was … surprising
were taken
were
seems
will remainColumn 1: Object
Two statues
Chairs
Boxes
Flowers
Vases
Boxes
Chests
Seats
Cart
workbookEx. 1, page 83Reading taskColumn 2: Material
/
Gold
/
/
/
/
/
/
Gold
Column 3: Colours
Black
Golden
/
/
/
Black
White
Golden
Golden
workbookEx. 1, page 83Reading taskworkbookEx. 1, page 83Reading taskColumn 4: decoration
Wearing gold shoes and carrying royal insignia
With heads of animals and gods
Beautifully painted
/
With beautiful flower designs
/
/
/
/
How did they know whose tomb it was?
Why do you think they thought these things came from another civilization?
Why did Carter get excited when he noticed the door to the tomb was still fastened?workbookEx. 2, page 83 Reading task How did they know whose tomb it was?
They read his name on a black box.
Why do you think they thought these things came from another civilization?
Because they were so strange and wonderful – more wonderful than anyone could imagine.
workbookEx. 2, page 83 Reading task Why did Carter get excited when he noticed the door to the tomb was still fastened?
Because it meant that the tomb had not been opened by thieves.workbookEx. 2, page 83 Reading task The three things we should do:
To lock the tomb securely so that thieves could not steal the finds.
To lock the tomb securely so that the sunlight and temperature would not affect the finds.
To lock the lock the tomb securely so that I could record all the finds carefully, and not want any of the finds to be moved. workbookEx. 3, page 83 Reading task 阅读课文，并在文中找到和下列汉语意思相同或相近的英语词组或短句。禁不住自问
一个未曾发掘的墓穴
墓室
纯金
总共
为…所震惊…的入口
清除掉
将…从…清除
…的残骸
密封的门
看的更清楚
阅读课文，并在文中找到和下列汉语意思相同或相近的英语词组或短句。…的入口
清除掉
将…从…清除
…的残骸
密封的门
看的更清楚 the entrance to …
be cleared away
remove … from …
the remains of …
sealed doorway
get a better view 阅读课文，并在文中找到和下列汉语意思相同或相近的英语词组或短句。禁不住自问
一个未曾发掘的墓穴
墓室
纯金
总共
为…所震惊 couldn’t help asking oneself
an unopened tomb
burial chamber
pure gold
in all
be astonished by
课件26张PPT。Meeting your
ancestorsUnit 5Do you know about Zhoukou Dian?
Where is it? What is famous for?It is on the Longgu Mountain, Fangshan
District, Beijing. It is famous for Peking Man,
a complete skull (头盖骨) of an ape-man (猿人)
dating back to 600,000 years ago.Skull fossil Zhoukoudian CavesPre-reading
Archaeology is a study in which archaeologists study early people by examining the objects they used.
What do you think about archaeology? Do you want to be an archaeologist in the future?
I think archaeology is of great significance. Although I may not be an archaeologist myself, I think highly of his job. It is his job that helps us understand where we came from and the process of human civilization.
Read the text on Page 38 and answer the following questions.
What did early people eat?
They gathered fruit and hunted animals for food. With the use of fire, they most probably had cooked food as well.
2. Where did they live?
They lived in caves higher up the hill. 3. What did they wear?
They wore the clothes made of animal skins. They knew the way to make animals skins soft and sewed the pieces together using needles made of bone.
4. How did they keep warm in winter?
They made fires in the center of the caves and kept them burning all winter to keep warm. Besides, they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. Can you think of the alternatives we could use today? (P37)
你能想得出我们今天用什么来替代这些东西吗？
2. You must be aware that it’s here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. (Page 38, line 4-5)
想必你们都很清楚，正是在这个地方，我们找到了居住在世界这个地方最早人类的证据。
3. So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold. (Page 38, line 10-11)
因此我们有理由认为他们不顾寒冷住在这些洞穴里。 Read from page 37 to 39 and find the following phrases.
识别物体 identify objects
挨饿 suffer from starvation
3. 做尝试性的猜测 make a tentative guess
4. 带领某人参观 show sb. round
5. 一位敏锐的观察者 an acute observer
6. 把冷空气挡在外面 keep out the cold 7. 寒冷的冬天 freezing winter
8. 最多、至多 at most
9. 打磨过的石器 sharpened stone tools
10. 足够份量的盐 an ample amount of salt
11. （某物）被保存完好 well preserved
12. 一群群的动物 herds of animals
Learn the following
words and phrases.
alternative: adj/n. (of two things) that may be had, used, etc. in place of sth else; choice between two things
a) There are alternative answers to this problem.
这个问题有两个可能的答案。
b) The way was blocked, so we went by an alternative road.
这条路被挡住了,因此我们走了另一条路。
c) We have no alternative but to go on.
除了继续下去,我们没有选择的余地。
d) We could take the train or alternatively go by car.
我们可以乘火车去，也可以乘小车去。
interrupt: v. to do or say something that causes someone to stop speaking or doing sth interruption. n.
1. It is not polite __________ others while they are speaking.
2. His dinner ____________ by a phone call.
3. I wish it were possible to watch television without all the commercial ___________ .
to interrupt was interrupted interruptionspreserve: v/n. to keep sth in its original state or in good condition; protect
preservation: n. preserver: n.
4. Salt can be used __________ meat.
5. These laws are intended to help _________ our natural resources.
6. The government is in charge of ___________ the city's historical buildings.
7. The police should be ___________ of law and order.
to preserve preserve preservingpreserversCompare:
reserve: v/n. to make arrangements so that you will be able to use or have (something, such as a room, table, or seat) at a later time; to keep sth for a special or future use
这些座位是用我的名字预定的。
The seats are reserved under my name.
我们会把这种酒留着在特殊场合下喝。
We will reserve this wine for a special occasion.
自然保护区 _____________________nature reserve/preserve regardless of: paying no attention to; in spite of
8. He runs every day ______________ the weather.
(=He runs every day no matter _________ the weather is like.)
9. Children should receive education _________________ their skin colors.
regardless of what regardless of cut up cut down cut off cut in
10. Much of the forest ________________ for firewood.
11. We were trying to have a conversation, but she kept __________.
12. Many of the town's roads __________ when the river overflowed.
13. He __________ the candy into little pieces and gave it to the child.
has been cut down cutting inwere cut offcut upassume: v. take as true before there is proof, suppose; take up, undertake; assumption. n.
14. I ___________ he was coming, so I was surprised when he didn't show up.
15. She ___________ from his expression that he was confused.
16. Her family plan is based on the ___________ that her income will double in the near future.
17. He did not __________ office until he was 18 years old.
assumedassumedassumption assumeMultiple choices
1-5 DCDAA
6-10 ADBBB Translate the following sentences.
下雨中断了我们的篮球比赛。
Our basketball game was interrupted by the rain.
2. 假定这条消息是真的，你会感到惊讶吗？
Assuming that the news is true, will you feel surprised?
3. 培训班欢迎各个年龄段的学生参加。
The training class is open to all students, regardless of the age. 4. 这个问题有两个可能的答案。
There are alternative answers to this question.
5. 他并非你所以为的那样愚蠢。
He is not such a fool as you assumed him to be.
6. 我们有责任保护好老祖宗留下来的东西。
It is our responsibility to well preserve what is left behind by our ancestors.
Guess the meaning of the underlined words from the context. reconstruct v. 重建
deepen v. 加深
interlink v. 使联系在一起
uncover v. 移去……的覆盖物
precise adj. 精确的Module 8 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors
(Warming up & Reading I & Language points)
【Learning Goals】
1. 了解早期人类的生活方式，增加考古学的知识。
2.通过自主学习、合作探究，学会从文中发现、归纳短语和句型。
Pre-reading
Archaeology is a study in which archaeologists study early people by examining the objects they used. What do you think about archaeology? Do you want to be an archaeologist in the future?
Read the text on Page 38 and answer the following questions.
1. What did early people eat?
2. Where did they live?
3. What did they wear?
4. How did they keep warm in winter?
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. Can you think of the alternatives we could use today? (P37)
2. You must be aware that it’s here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. (Page 38, line 4-5)
3. So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold. (Page 38, line 10-11)
Read from page 37 to 39 and find the following phrases.
1. 识别物体 ____________________
2. 挨饿 ____________________
3. 做尝试性的猜测 ____________________
4. 带领某人参观 ____________________
5. 一位敏锐的观察者 ____________________
6. 把冷空气挡在外面 ____________________
7. 寒冷的冬天 ____________________
8. 最多、至多 ____________________
9. 打磨过的石器 ____________________
10. 足够份量的盐 ____________________
11. （某物）被保存完好 ____________________
12. 一群群的动物 ____________________
Learn the following words and phrases.
alternative: adj/n. (of two things) that may be had, used, etc. in place of sth else; choice between two things
Put the following sentences into Chinese.
a) There are alternative answers to this problem.______________________________
b) The way was blocked, so we went by an alternative road._____________________
c) We have no alternative but to go on. _____________________________________
d) We could take the train or alternatively go by car. __________________________
interrupt: v. to do or say something that causes someone to stop speaking or doing sth interruption. n.
1. It is not polite _______________ others while they are speaking.
2. His dinner _______________ by a phone call.
3. I wish it were possible to watch television without all the commercial __________.
preserve: v. to keep sth in its original state or in good condition; protect preserver: n.
4. Salt can be used ___________ meat.
5. These laws are intended to help _____________ our natural resources.
6. The government is in charge of ___________ the city's historical buildings.
7. The police should be ____________ of law and order.
Compare:
reserve: v. to make arrangements so that you will be able to use or have (something, such as a room, table, or seat) at a later time; to keep sth for a special or future use
这些座位是用我的名字预定的。
____________________________________________________________________
我们会把这种酒留着在一个特殊场合下喝。
____________________________________________________________________
自然保护区 _________________________
regardless of: paying no attention to; in spite of
8. He runs every day __________ the weather.
(=He runs every day no matter _________ the weather is like.)
9. Children should receive education __________ their skin colors.
cut up cut down cut off cut in
10. Much of the forest __________ for firewood.
11. We were trying to have a conversation, but she kept __________.
12. Many of the town's roads __________ when the river overflowed.
13. He __________ the candy into little pieces and gave it to the child.
assume: v. take as true before there is proof；suppose; take up, undertake; assumption. n.
14. I ___________ he was coming, so I was surprised when he didn't show up.
15. She ___________ from his expression that he was confused.
16. Her family plan is based on the ___________ that her income will double in the near future.
17. He did not __________ office until he was 18 years old.
Multiple choices
1. ________ that we can't get the necessary equipment, we will have to give up the experiment.
A．To assume B．Assumed C．Assume D．Assuming
2. The law requires equal treatment for all，________ race, religion or sex.
A．in favor of B．apart from C．regardless of D．due to
3. Not knowing how to grow crops，the primitive people had no ________ but to gather the fruit and hunt animals for food.
A．concern B．command C．shortcoming D．alternative
4. It was reported that the President's speech at the United Nations was repeatedly ________ by thunderous applauses.
A．interrupted B．disturbed C．interpreted D．indicated
5. The thief ran away before I was _________ of what had happened. My wallet was stolen.
A. aware B. accused C. tired D. ashamed
6. Cats have _________ hearing, smell and touch. These senses allow cats to hunt effectively in dim light and at night.
A. acute B. arbitrary C. accurate D. alternative
7. Seeing the dog in the cage, she immediately _________ it as her lost pet.
A. distinguished B. classified C. realized D. identified
8. The announcer _________ the radio music to make a special announcement.
A. broke B. interrupted C. resisted D. cut
9. This job is open to all, _________ previous experience.
A. in charge of B. in spite of C. by means of D. in case of
10. Do you know the time when _________ man first learned to use fire?
A. practical B. primitive C. antique D. superior
Translate the following sentences.
下雨中断了我们的篮球比赛。
2. 假定这条消息是真的，你会感到惊讶吗？
3. 培训班欢迎各个年龄段的学生参加。
4. 这个问题有两个可能的答案。
5. 他并非你所以为的那样愚蠢。
6. 我们有责任保护好老祖宗留下来的东西。
Guess the meaning of the underlined words from the context
Archaeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. It is particularly important for learning about prehistoric societies, for whom there may be no written records to study. Archaeology has various goals, which range from understanding culture history to reconstructing past lifeways to documenting and explaining changes in human societies through time.
Archaeology deepens humanity's understanding of past historical events by providing rich details about how people lived, their daily routines, culture, and society, and by even helping distinguish between fact and fiction.
Archaeology and history are completely interlinked. Especially when studying ancient cultures and civilizations, most of what is learned comes from archaeological expeditions that succeed in uncovering artifacts and human remains from those earlier periods. By finding and studying -- including the use of carbon dating and other methods to determine the precise age of the items discovered during archaeological digs -- buildings, roads, tools, weapons, and other items buried or lost for hundreds or thousands of years, a more complete and accurate picture of the people who lived in a given location can be drawn.
A team of archaeologists are working on a previously undisturbed area of the abbey grounds.
She wanted to be an archaeologist and took part in several digs in her youth.
Archaeologists have uncovered the remains of an Anglo-Saxon settlement.
The site of the temple was discovered by a group of amateur archaeologists.
He is an archaeologist who recently excavated an extraordinary Olmec site in Mexico.
What role does archaeology play in the study of history? What are some important archaeological discoveries that have shaped contemporary understanding of the world?
Seeing is believing.
Archaeology is the evidence of history. Of course we know that history exists, but archaeological evidence is what gives that history its shape and color.
It is of most importance for learning about prehistoric societies, when there are no written records for historians to study, making up over 99% of total human history, from the Paleolithic until the advent of literacy in any given society.
For example, we may have written or other documentation which suggests that a certain people group once inhabited a land, and we may know (or think we know) how they must have lived based on similar groups or other some kind of external evidence. Until we see the artifacts of that culture, however, we really cannot be certain of anything.
Artifacts reveal much more than the existence of a people group. The tools they used can tell us how they built things; the foundations of their homes (whatever they looked like) can tell us if they lived in large or small family units. The weapons they used can reveal what they hunted for (both human and animal), and the cooking utensils they used can tell us what they ate and how they cooked it. The possible list of archaeological finds is virtually limitless, including everything from clothing, jewelry and other possessions to art and other cultural expressions. Religious artifacts, whether in the form of art or of actual artifacts, can also reveal their religious beliefs and traditions.
While these are all interesting things to know, they are also valuable in connecting the dots of history. How and where people groups migrated can often be determined by archaeological finds; why a culture died out is also knowable, at least in part, by their artifacts. Even disease patterns, such as plagues, can be traced through archaeological finds, as well as animal migrations.
Every time archaeologists make new discoveries, as evidenced in some of the answers above, new revelations about history are made. Some of these finds answer questions; others pose new questions or cause us to rethink old theories. In any case, archaeology is the evidence or proof of history, especially before written records were kept, and therefore the two are irrevocably linked.
Archaeology allows us to discover, uncover and recover objects and materials which often support or possibly disprove historical records or accepted beliefs attached to previous eras and events. Archaeologists can attach some kind of chronological order to events. In prehistoric archaeology, it is crucial that there are items which can allow us to trace the past as these archaeological finds become the evidence to support otherwise verbal accounts of history.
Pyramids
The ancient Egyptians built pyramids as tombs for the pharaohs and their queens. The pharaohs were buried in pyramids of many different shapes and sizes from before the beginning of the Old Kingdom to the end of the Middle Kingdom.
There are about eighty pyramids known today from ancient Egypt. The three largest and best-preserved of these were built at Giza at the beginning of the Old Kingdom. The most well-known of these pyramids was built for the pharaoh Khufu. It is known as the 'Great Pyramid'.
The pharaoh Khufu, like the pharaohs before him, began planning his 'house of eternity' as soon as he took the throne. A spot was chosen for building on the west bank of the Nile. Cemeteries were usually built on the west bank because the sun 'died' on the western horizon every night.
Khufu's architects were wise and experienced men. They knew the importance of building the pharaoh's final resting place so that its sides faced directly north, south, east and west.
They planned a large pyramid- the largest one ever built in ancient Egypt. The outlines of the pyramid were measured and marked in the desert sand.
Then the building began. Large blocks of stone were cut from quarries nearby. They were dragged by groups of men across the desert to the site of the pyramid and set in place. Most of the workers were farmers who worked on building the pyramid during the flood season when their fields were under water.
After the first level of blocks was in place, the workers built ramps of mudbrick, limestone chips and clay. The workers dragged the large stones up the ramps to build the next level of the pyramid.
For about 20 years, hundreds of men worked on building the pyramid. As they built each level, they also built up the ramps around the pyramid.
When the pyramid was almost finished, a special block covered in shining metal (either gold or electrum) was placed on the top of the pyramid.
Then, blocks of white limestone from quarries across the Nile were used to cover the pyramid. The blocks were trimmed to make the outside of the pyramid smooth.
Finally, the pyramid was finished.
Khufu's pyramid was only part of the complex built for him at Giza.
This complex had many different parts:
?Three pyramids for Khufu's queens.
?Several deep pits containing boats that had been buried.
?A mortuary temple where Khufu would be worshipped after he died.
?A causeway leading from the pyramid complex down to the valley temple.
?A valley temple where the pharaoh's funeral would begin.
?A small 'satellite' pyramid.
?The mastaba tombs of nobles.
What does the word 'pyramid' mean?
The word 'pyramid' actually comes from the Greek word 'pyramis' which means 'wheat cake'. The word 'pyramis' was used to describe the ancient Egyptian buildings because they reminded the Greeks of pointy-topped wheat cakes.
Module 8 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors
(Reading II & Language points)
Read the passage on Page 43 and do the following exercises.
I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. If only it could be just like last year!
_____________________________________________________________________
2. If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year! Then she wouldn’t have been feeling so worried now.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna. Lala smiled with relief.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. He had a large, square face, with strongly pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones.
_____________________________________________________________________
II. True or false statements
1. The early people living around 18,000 BC began to settle down in one place. ( )
2. Lala felt very proud of her husband Dahu who was not only handsome but also skillful at making tools. ( )
3. It seems that their society had a clear division of labor between men and women. ( )
4. On her way home, Lala felt regret that she hadn’t prepared for the feast earlier. ( )
5. At that time, the wild beast might be a big threat to human beings. ( )
6. Seeing that the preparations for the feast went on smoothly, Lala felt relieved. ( )
7. In spite of the primitive way of life, Lala and her family lived a happy life. ( )
III. Learn the following words and phrases and turn them into Chinese.
applaud: v. to strike the hands together over and over to show approval, support or praise
1. The audience stood and applauded at the end of the show.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Everyone applauded the graduates as they entered the lecture hall.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. We applaud the policy to keep up our cultural traditions.
_____________________________________________________________________
look ahead: to think about what will happen in the future
1. The past year has been successful and, looking ahead, we expect to do even better in the coming months.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Looking ahead to next year, we expect to be even more successful.
_____________________________________________________________________
look back: to think about something in the past
1. Looking back at last season, I can see why they were not the winners.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. I hope that when I grow old I can look back at my life with a lot of pride.
_____________________________________________________________________
“Look” can be used in many ways. Here are more examples. Try to figure out their meanings.
1. We arrived early at the theater and spent a few minutes looking around. ( )
2. In buying a home, there are many potential problems you should look out for. ( )
3. She was looking through a magazine as she waited in the doctor's office. ( )
4. Look out—one of the steps is missing! ( )
5. They looked on reading as an escape from the troubles of life. ( )
6. Investigators are looking into the cause of the accident. ( )
7. If you're planning to invest in your friend's company, I advise you to look before you leap. ( )
8. If you don't know what a word means, you should look it up in the dictionary. ( )
accelerate: v. to move faster; to cause sth to happen sooner or more quickly
1. She stepped on the gas and the car accelerated.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. The government is convinced that cutting taxes will help to accelerate economic growth.
_____________________________________________________________________
dizzy: adj. feeling that you are turning around in circles and are going to fall even though you are standing still; mentally or emotionally upset or confused
dizzily: adv. dizziness: n.
1. The children were dizzy after spinning in circles.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Complex math problems make me dizzy.
_____________________________________________________________________
only to…: used to indicate something bad or surprising that happens after something else
1. They won the battle, only to lose the war.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. I ran to the station only to find that I had missed the train.
_____________________________________________________________________
if only…: used to talk about something that you want to happen or be true
1. It is raining again. If only it would stop raining.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. If only I had trained harder! Then I would not have made such a foolish mistake.
_____________________________________________________________________
IV. Translate the following sentences.
听众们对他的精彩演讲报以热烈掌声。
2. 当地人非常欢迎这项旨在保护环境的新政策。
3. 每次做这些理科卷的时候，我都感到晕。
4. 当我们陷入困境时，我们要朝前看。
5. 有了资金的支持，我们加快了这个工程的进展。
6. 我们去到博物馆后，却被告知博物馆闭馆了。
7. 要是我现在能去南极旅游就好了。
8. 要是我早一点儿提醒他地面很湿滑就好了! 他就不会滑到了。
V. Guess the meaning of the underlined words from the context
Pyramids
What does the word 'pyramid' mean? The word 'pyramid' actually comes from the Greek word 'pyramis' which means 'wheat cake'. The word 'pyramis' was used to describe the ancient Egyptian buildings because they reminded the Greeks of pointy-topped wheat cakes.
The ancient Egyptians built pyramids as tombs for the pharaohs and their queens. The pharaohs were buried in pyramids of many different shapes and sizes from before the beginning of the Old Kingdom to the end of the Middle Kingdom.
There are about eighty pyramids known today from ancient Egypt. The three largest and best-preserved of these were built at Giza at the beginning of the Old Kingdom. The most well-known of these pyramids was built for the pharaoh Khufu. It is known as the 'Great Pyramid'.
The pharaoh Khufu, like the pharaohs before him, began planning his 'house of eternity' as soon as he took the throne. A spot was chosen for building on the west bank of the Nile. Cemeteries were usually built on the west bank because the sun 'died' on the western horizon every night.
Khufu's architects were wise and experienced men. They knew the importance of building the pharaoh's final resting place so that its sides faced directly north, south, east and west.
They planned a large pyramid---the largest one ever built in ancient Egypt. The outlines of the pyramid were measured and marked in the desert sand. Then the building began. Large blocks of stone were cut from quarries nearby. They were dragged by groups of men across the desert to the site of the pyramid and set in place. Most of the workers were farmers who worked on building the pyramid during the flood season when their fields were under water.
After the first level of blocks was in place, the workers built ramps of mudbrick, limestone chips and clay. The workers dragged the large stones up the ramps to build the next level of the pyramid. For about 20 years, hundreds of men worked on building the pyramid. As they built each level, they also built up the ramps around the pyramid.
When the pyramid was almost finished, a special block covered in shining metal, such as gold, was placed on the top of the pyramid. Then, blocks of white limestone across the Nile were used to cover the pyramid. The blocks were trimmed to make the outside of the pyramid smooth. Finally, the pyramid was finished. Khufu's pyramid was only part of the complex built for him at Giza. This complex had many different parts:
Three pyramids for Khufu's queens.
Several deep pits containing boats that had been buried.
A temple where Khufu would be worshipped after he died.
A footpath leading from the pyramid complex down to the valley temple.
A valley temple where the pharaoh's funeral would begin.
A small 'satellite' pyramid.
The tombs of nobles.
1. pointy-topped ________________ 2. best-preserved ________________
3. took the throne ____________ 4. spot _______ 5. resting place __________ 6. was in place __________ 7. block ____________ 8. complex ______________ 9. be worshipped ______________ 10. nobles _____________________
课件18张PPT。Reading II
The Feast:18,000 BCI. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. If only it could be just like last year!
要是能像去年那样就好了！
2. If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year! Then she wouldn’t have been feeling so worried now.
要是她今年早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！那么她现在就不会这么担心了。
if only…: used to talk about something that you want to happen or be true
It is raining again. If only it would stop raining.
又在下雨了。要是能停就好了。
2. If only I had trained harder! Then I would not have made such a foolish mistake.
要是我当初训练更刻苦一点儿就好了。我就不会犯这么低级的错误了。III. Learn the following words and phrases.
applaud: v. to strike the hands together over and over to show approval, support or praise
1. The audience stood and applauded at the end of the show.
在表演结束的时候，观众都站起来鼓掌。
2. Everyone applauded the graduates as they entered the lecture hall.
在毕业生步入礼堂的时候，全场爆发出热烈的掌声。
3. We applaud the policy to keep up our cultural traditions.
对这项保存我们文化传统的政策，我们拍手赞成。
look ahead: to think about what will happen in the future
The past year has been successful and, looking ahead, we expect to do even better in the coming months.
刚刚过去的一年已经很成功了，展望未来，我们期待在接下来的几个月里我们会做得更好。
Looking ahead to next year, we expect to be even more successful.
展望来年，我们希望我们会更加成功。
look back: to think about something in the past
Looking back at last season, I can see why they were not the winners.
回望上一个赛季，我就明白他们为什么没有获胜了。
I hope that when I grow old I can look back at my life with a lot of pride.
我希望在我老的时候，回首往事我会自豪。
We arrived early at the theater and spent a
few minutes looking around. ( )
2. In buying a home, there are many potential problems you should look out for. ( )
3. She was looking through a magazine as she waited in the doctor's office. ( )
4. Look out—one of the steps is missing! ( )
到处看看警惕浏览 当心5. They looked on reading as an escape from the troubles of life. ( )
6. Investigators are looking into the cause of the accident. ( )
7. If you're planning to invest in your friend's company, I advise you to look before you leap. ( )
8. If you don't know what a word means, you should look it up in the dictionary. ( )
把…看作…调查三思而后行查阅3. She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.
快到目的地的时候，一阵香气扑来，让她停止了前进。
4. Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna. Lala smiled with relief.
突然她坐了下去，却被她那爱说爱笑的妹妹卢娜一把抱住了。拉拉宽慰地笑了。
accelerate: v. to move faster; to cause sth to happen sooner or more quickly
She stepped on the gas and the car accelerated.
她一踩油门，车子立刻加速。
The government is convinced that cutting taxes will help to accelerate economic growth.
政府确信减税可以促进经济加速发展。
dizzy: adj. feeling that you are turning around in circles and are going to fall even though you are standing still; mentally or emotionally upset or confused
dizzily: adv. dizziness: n.
The children were dizzy after spinning in circles.
小朋友转圈儿之后都感到很晕。
Complex math problems make me dizzy.
复杂的数学题经常把我弄得头昏脑胀。
only to…: used to indicate something bad or surprising that happens after something else
They won the battle, only to lose the war.
他们赢得了这场战斗，却输了这场战争。
I ran to the station only to find that I had missed the train.
我跑到车站，却发现我已经错过了这趟车。5. He had a large, square face, with strongly pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones.
他长着一张大方脸，眉毛很重，颧骨突出。
pronounced: adj. very noticeable
There has been a pronounced improvement in her condition.
她的状况已经有了明显的改善。
The symptoms of the disease have become steadily more pronounced.
这种疾病的症状已经慢慢地显现出来了。Translate the following sentences.
1. 听众们对他的精彩演讲报以热烈掌声。
The audience applauded his wonderful speech.
2. 当地人非常欢迎这项旨在保护环境的新政策。
The local people applaud this new policy which aims to protect the environment.
3. 每次做这些理科卷的时候，我都感到晕。
Science test papers always make me dizzy. 4. 当我们陷入困境时，我们要朝前看。
We should look ahead whenever we are in trouble.
5. 有了资金的支持，我们加快了这个工程的进展。
With more investments, we accelerated our project.
6. 我们去到博物馆后，却被告知博物馆闭馆了。
We got to the museum, only to be told that it was closed. 7. 要是我现在能去南极旅游就好了。
If only I could travel to the Antarctic!
8. 要是我早一点儿提醒他地面很湿滑就好了! 他就不会滑到了。
If only I had warned him of the danger of walking on the wet floor! Then he would not have slipped down.
Guess the meaning of the underlined words from the context.
1. pointy-topped 顶部是尖尖的
2. best-preserved 得到最好地保护
3. took the throne 登上王位
4. a spot 一个地点
5. resting place 安息的地方
6. was in place 被放置在合适的位置
7. block 大块的石头（木头等）
8. complex 综合体
9. be worshipped 被崇拜
10. nobles 贵族
