Book 4, Unit 2
Working the land语法（动名词作主语和宾语）导学案
【使用说明与学法指导】
1. 自学(20分钟): 完成【自主学习】Tasks 1动名词作主语和宾语的预习, 如果有需要,可以参阅课本P91- 92和相关的语法工具书。完成后上交科任老师检查,科代表必须在课前发回给同学。
2. 学有余力的同学可以提前准备【合作探究】(课堂检测)Task 3-5。
3. 上完课后请于当天完成、【课后作业】Task6--8和“反思与小结”。
【学习目标】熟练掌握动名词作主语和宾语的使用。
【重点和难点】 1. 掌握动名词作主语和宾语时与不定式作主语和宾语的区别
2.动名词在个别动词后作宾语时，主动形式，被动意义。
【自主学习】（课前预习）
Task I
I. 指出句中动名词/动名词短语在句中的作用（主语/ 宾语）
1. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. ( )
2. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.( )
3. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. ( )
4. However, he doesn’t care about being famous. ( )
II. 动名词的特点
1. 动名词-ing形式的构成: 动名词是在动词末尾加-ing 形式构成, 因此又叫动词的 -ing 形式。如: do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc. 否定形式: not + v-ing 构成
2. 动名词-ing形式不能单独作谓语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但可以有自己的宾语和状语（构成动名词短语）, 还有时态和语态的变化。
3. 动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以作主语、宾语等。
4.动名词有一般式(主动：doing, not doing； 被动：being done, not being done)、
完成式(主动：having done, not having done; 被动：having been done, not having been done)
III. 动名词的用法
一、动词-ing形式作主语
1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。
Walking is a good form of exercise for both the young and the old.
无论对年轻人和老年人来讲, 走路是一种很好的锻炼。
Watching news on TV has become a routine for me.
在电视上看新闻已经成了我的一种日常习惯。
Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火车去杭州要16个小时。
Asking a woman’s age is impolite in our country. 在我们国家问一个女人的年龄是不礼貌的。
2） 动词-ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it作形式主语, 用形容词或名词作表语。
常见的名词或名词短语有: no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a waste of time 等; 形容词有: dangerous, worthwhile, useless等。
It’s no use making an excuse for this. 为这件事找借口是没有用的。
It’s a waste of time talking about such a useless thing. 谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。
It’s dangerous swimming in the sea on windy days. 有风的天气在海里游泳是危险的。
It is worthwhile discussing the question. 这个问题值得讨论。
注意：
a）动名词作主语表示单数概念, 谓语动词用单数形式。
Walking after supper is good for your health.
b）动名词的复合结构( sb’s doing) 作主语
动名词的复合结构是指物主代词、名词所有格是动名词逻辑上的主语，动名词是其逻辑上的谓语。
Your coming made us happy.
Your father’s cooking is very good.
3）动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作,
不定式则通常表示具体的动作。
As a child, she felt that visiting sick people was a duty and a pleasure．
Being a guest in an American home will be a good experience for me.
It’s an honor for me to be invited to the party.
To go on like this is useless.
二、动名词用作宾语
1. 只能后接动名词作宾语的动词, 常见的有avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand等。
Have you considered looking for one special friend? 你是否考虑过找一位挚友?
We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake．我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。
Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper? 晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?
People couldn’t help laughing at the foolish man． 人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。
这类动词还有: excuse, fancy, give up, put off, risk, insist on, look forward, feel like等。
注意:
当 need, want, require, worth后面接动词-ing也可以表示被动（主动形式，被动意义）。
Your hair wants cutting. The floor requires washing.
That novel is not worth reading.
2. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词。
常见的有: begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, by, mean, forget，remember, hate等。
a). 在 like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同, 只是侧重点有些不同, 动名词表示泛指的动作, 不定式表示具体的一次性动作。
b). 在 begin/start, continue之后, 用动名词和不定式, 意义无甚区别, 尤其是当主语是人的时候。
c). 在动词forget, remember, regret之后, 用动名词与不定式意义不同。
动名词表示动作先于谓语发生,不定式表示后于谓语动作。
I remember posting the letter．我记得我已把信寄了。
I’ll remember to post the letter．我会记着去寄信的。
I shall never forget seeing the famous writer．我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。
Don’t forget to write to your mother．不要忘了给你母亲写信。
I regret missing the report．我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。
I regret to say I can’t take your advice．我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。
d). 在try, mean 之后, 意义各不相同, 如 try to do (设法), try doing (试试), mean to do (打算, 有意要做), mean doing (意思是, 意味着)。
We must try to get everything done in time．我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。
Let’s try doing the working in some other way．我们用别的方法做这工作试试。
I didn’t mean to make you angry．我并不想叫你生气。
Your plan would mean spending hours．你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。
e). go on doing--- 继续做一直在做的事;
go on to do --- 接着做另一件事。
Please go on doing the same exercise．请接着做这同一个练习。
Please go on to do the other exercise．请做另外一个练习。
f). stop doing ---停止做，
stop to do---停下正在干的事去干另一件事。
We stopped talking．我们停止了交谈。
We stopped to talk．我们停了下来去谈话。
3. 作介词宾语
We’ve got to think of ways of changing people’s habits. 我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。
I apologize for being so angry with you. 我向你道歉, 刚才对你那样生气。
After being away for several years, it is a strange experience to return to the hometown.
离开几年之后再回到你的家乡, 感觉有点怪。
I insist on taking proper food for this trip．我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。
Instead of smiling, each of them made a face．同学们脸上没有笑容, 相反都做了怪脸。
She was very interested in working for our company．她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。
★下列短语中的to都是介词, 所以后面跟名词或-ing形式:
如：devote…to, object to, pay attention to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, stick to, be used to等。
【合作探究】
一. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空:
1. If you can keep __________(read) English newspapers, your English will be improved.
2. He has promised ____________(come) to my birthday party.
3. I hate _________________(tell) lies!
4. I will never forget __________(go) to Beijing with him last summer.
I forgot __________(tell) her the news; so she knew nothing about it.
5. It’s no good _________(try) to remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned.
6. His illness could mean him _____________ (miss) next week’s game.
7. We can never imagine her ____________ (pass) the exam, for she has never reviewed the lessons.
8. The suspect (嫌疑犯) at last admitted ____________ (steal) the necklace.
9. I still remember ____________ (take) to a concert by Liu Dehua when I was five.
二．用所给的动词的适当形式填空：
I used to like to go to our local cinema. It was old and rather uncomfortable, but it had character. Now they’ve stopped ____________ (show) films there. The owner would like to go on _________ (run) the cinema, but he would need ___________ (make) a lot of improvements, which would mean __________ (spend) tens of thousands of pounds. I remember ___________(watch) the last film at the cinema. It was a murder mystery. It was five minutes from the end, and we were trying ___________(work) out who the murderer was when suddenly all the lights went out and the film stopped. We sat in the dark for a few minutes, and then the owner appeared with a torch. “I regret ____________(tell) you,” he said, “that our electricity has failed. I don’t mean _______________( disappoint) you, but I’m afraid we can’t show you the end of the film. We’ve tried ___________( phone) the electricity company, but they say they can’t help.” He went on ___________(explain) to the audience how the film ended. I didn’t understand the story. But I don’t regret __________ (go) to the cinema on that last evening.
【课后巩固】A.翻译下列句子:
1. 出国旅行是很激动人心的。
_________________________________________________________________
2. 在这儿等是没用的, 我们走吧。
__________________________________________________________________
3. 我记得在哪里见过他。
___________________________________________________________________
4. 我后悔没听你的劝告。
____________________________________________________________________
5. 帮助别人就是帮助你自己。
____________________________________________________________________
B.课本P13Ex3，4。
【反思与小结】学习本节课后你有什么收获？还有哪些问题?
课件28张PPT。U2，B4 Working the land
语法(动名词作主语和宾语）
导学案 Have you ever seen these signs?parking, spitting,
littering, smoking-ing forms【自主学习】
I. 指出句中动名词/动名词短语在句中的作用（主语/ 宾语）
1. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. ( )
2. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.( )
3. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. ( )
4. However, he doesn’t care about being famous. ( )主语宾语主语宾语II. 动名词的特点
1. 动名词-ing形式的构成: 动名词是在动词末尾加-ing 形式构成, 因此又叫动词的 -ing 形式。如: do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc. 否定形式: not + v-ing 构成
2. 动名词-ing形式不能单独作谓语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但可以有自己的宾语和状语（构成动名词短语）, 还有时态和语态的变化。
3. 动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以作主语、宾语等。
4.动名词有一般式(主动：doing, not doing； 被动：being done, not being done)、完成式(主动：having done, not having done; 被动：having been done, not having been done)III. 动名词的用法
一、动词-ing形式作主语
1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常 用单数。
Walking is a good form of exercise for both the
young and the old.
无论对年轻人和老年人来讲, 走路是一种很好的锻炼。
Watching news on TV has become a routine for
me. 在电视上看新闻已经成了我的一种日常习惯。
Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.
乘火车去杭州要16个小时。
Asking a woman’s age is impolite in our country.
在我们国家问一个女人的年龄是不礼貌的。 2）动词-ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it作形式主语, 用形容词或名词作表语。
常见的名词或名词短语有: no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a waste of time 等; 形容词有: dangerous, worthwhile, useless等。
It’s no use making an excuse for this.
为这件事找借口是没有用的。
It’s a waste of time talking about such a useless thing.
谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。It’s dangerous swimming in the sea on
windy days.
有风的天气在海里游泳是危险的。
It is worthwhile discussing the question.
这个问题值得讨论。
注意：
a）动名词作主语表示单数概念, 谓语动词用单数形式。
Walking after supper is good for your health.
b）动名词的复合结构( sb’s doing)作主语
动名词的复合结构是指物主代词、名词所有格是动名词逻辑上的主语，动名词是其逻辑上的谓语。
Your coming made us happy.
Your father’s cooking is very good.操练：用下列动词的适当形式填空
a). ___________ (lose) her new bicycle made Mary so upset.
b). Listening to loud music at rock concerts ____________ (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers.
c). It’s no use ________________ (complain) without taking action. Losing has causedcomplaining3）动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：
动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作,
不定式则通常表示具体的动作。
As a child, she felt that visiting sick people was a duty and a pleasure．（ ）
Being a guest in an American home will be a good experience for me. （ ）
It’s an honor for me to be invited to the party. （ ）
To go on like this is useless.（ ）泛指的动作泛指的动作
具体的动作具体的动作二、动名词用作宾语
1. 只能后接动名词作宾语的动词, 常见的有avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand等。
Have you considered looking for one special friend? 你是否考虑过找一位挚友?
We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake．我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。
Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper? 晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?
People couldn’t help laughing at the foolish man． 人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。这类动词还有: excuse, fancy, give up, put off, risk, insist on, look forward, feel like等。
注意:
当 need, want, require, worth后面接动词-ing也可以表示被动（主动形式，被动意义）。
Your hair wants cutting.=Your hair wants to be cut. The floor requires washing.
That novel is not worth reading.操练：
I can’t imagine __________ (do) that with them.
2. She looks forward every spring to ____________ ( walk) in the flower-lined garden.
3. Linda doesn’t feel like ____________
(study) abroad. Her parents are old. doingwalkingstudying2. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词。常见的有: begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, by, mean, forget，remember, hate等。
a). 在 like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同, 只是侧重点有些不同, 动名词表示泛指的动作, 不定式表示具体的一次性动作。
b). 在 begin/start, continue之后, 用动名词和不定式, 意义无甚区别, 尤其是当主语是人的时候。 c). 在动词forget, remember, regret之后, 用动名词与不定式意义不同。
动名词表示动作先于谓语发生,
不定式表示后于谓语动作。
I remember posting the letter．
我记得我已把信寄了。
I’ll remember to post the letter．
我会记着去寄信的。I shall never forget seeing the famous writer．
我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。
Don’t forget to write to your mother．
不要忘了给你母亲写信。
I regret missing the report．
我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。
I regret to say I can’t take your advice．
我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。 d). 在try, mean 之后, 意义各不相同, 如 try to do (设法), try doing (试试), mean to do (打算, 有意要做), mean doing (意思是, 意味着)。
We must try to get everything done in time． 我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。
Let’s try doing the working in some other way．
我们用别的方法做这工作试试。I didn’t mean to make you angry．
我并不想叫你生气。
Your plan would mean spending hours．
你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。
e). go on doing--- 继续做一直在做的事;
go on to do--- 接着做另一件事。
Please go on doing the same exercise．
请接着做这同一个练习。
Please go on to do the other exercise．
请做另外一个练习。f). stop doing ---停止做，
stop to do---停下正在干的事去干另一件事。
We stopped talking．我们停止了交谈。
We stopped to talk. 我们停了下来去谈话。3. 作介词宾语
We’ve got to think of ways of changing people’s habits.
我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。
I apologize for being so angry with you.
我向你道歉, 刚才对你那样生气。
After being away for several years, it is a strange experience to return to the hometown.
离开几年之后再回到你的家乡, 感觉有点怪。I insist on taking proper food for this trip．
我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。
Instead of smiling, each of them made a face．
同学们脸上没有笑容, 相反都做了怪脸。
She was very interested in working for our company．她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。
下列短语中的to都是介词, 所以后面跟名词或-
ing形式: devote…to, object to, pay attention
to, get down to, lead to, look forward to,
stick to, be used to等。 【合作探究】
一.用括号内动词的正确形式填空:
If you can keep __________(read) English newspapers, your English will be improved.
2. He has promised ____________(come) to
my birthday party.
3. I hate _________________(tell) lies!
4. I will never forget __________(go) to
Beijing with him last summer.
I forgot __________(tell) her the news; so
she knew nothing about it.reading
to cometelling/to tell
going
to tell5. It’s no good _________(try) to remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned.
6. His illness could mean him _____________ (miss) next week’s game.
7. We can never imagine her ____________ (pass) the exam, for she has never reviewed the lessons.
8. The suspect (嫌疑犯) at last admitted ____________ (steal) the necklace.
9. I still remember ____________ (take) to a concert by Liu Dehua when I was five.trying
missing
passingstealingbeing taken二．用所给的动词的适当形式填空：
I used to like to go to our local cinema. It was old and rather uncomfortable, but it had character. Now they’ve stopped ____________ (show) films there. The owner would like to go on _________ (run) the cinema, but he would need ___________ (make) a lot of improvements, which would mean __________ (spend) tens of thousands of pounds. I remember ___________(watch) the last film at the cinema. It was a murder mystery. showingrunningto makespendingwatchingIt was five minutes from the end, and we were trying ___________(work) out who the murderer was when suddenly all the lights went out and the film stopped. We sat in the dark for a few minutes, and then the owner appeared with a torch. “I regret ____________(tell) you,” he said, “that our electricity has failed. I don’t mean _______________( disappoint) you, but I’m afraid we can’t show you the end of the film. We’ve tried ___________( phone) the electricity company, but they say they can’t help.” He went on ___________(explain) to the audience how the film ended. to workto tellto disappointphoning to explain I didn’t understand the story. But I don’t regret __________ (go) to the cinema on that last evening.
going【能力提高】翻译句子:
出国旅行是很激动人心的。
Travelling abroad is very exciting.
2. 在这儿等是没用的, 我们走吧。
It’s no use/useless waiting here. Let’s go.
3. 我记得在哪里见过他。
I remember seeing her somewhere.
4. 我后悔没听你的劝告。
I regret not following your advice.
5. 帮助别人就是帮助你自己。
Helping others means helping yourself.
