Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures 课件(共20张PPT)-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

(共20张PPT)
Restrictive relative clause
限制性定语从句-关系代词
Unit 4 useful structure
relative clasuse: what is it
定语从句
定义
从句
关系词
修饰名词或代词的句子
被修饰的名词或代词
引导定语从句的关联词
关系代词
关系副词
who whom that which whose as
when where why
eg. He hates dogs that chase him.
结构
先行词
关系词
分几类？
relative clauses: restrictive & non-restrictive
Find out the clauses and translate the sentences
Spring tea that we are now enjoying is from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.
Spring tea during Grain Rain is rich in vitamins and amino acids，which can help to remove heat from the body and is good for the eyes.
我们正享用着的春茶来自浙江杭州。
谷雨期间的春茶富含维生素和氨基酸，它们有助于祛除体内热气并对眼睛好。
限制性定语从句：作定语，提供必要的信息，修饰先行词
非限制性定语从句：作定语，修饰先行词或前面整个句子，提供附加的信息，去掉不影响句意的完整，主句和从句中有逗号
relative clause：关系代 or 关系副？
1. 关系代词 在句中代替指人或事物的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。
关系代词有：that、which、whose、who、whom
2. 关系副词：在从句中做状语，提供有关时间、地点、原因的信息
关系副词有：where, when, why
从句成分是否残缺（是否缺主宾、定）
That 引导
1. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
2. ... one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.
3. He is a man that you can safely trust.
先行词是物
先行词是物
先行词是人
在从句中作主语
在从句中作主语
在从句中作宾语
That：先行词可以是人，也可以是物；在从句中作主语和宾语
Which 引导
This is the book which I bought yesterday. （这是我昨天买的那本书。）
I have a bike which is blue. （我有一辆蓝色的自行车。）
The cake which my mom made tastes good.（我妈妈做的蛋糕味道很好。）
We visited the park which is near our school.（我们去了学校附近的那个公园。）
先行词是物
在从句中作宾语
在从句中作主语
在从句中作宾语
在从句中作主语
which：先行词是物，在从句中充当主语、宾语
Who & whom 引导
The girl who sits next to me is my friend. （坐在我旁边的那个女孩是我的朋友。）
The person who you met at the party is my cousin.（你在派对上见到的那个人是我的表弟。）
3. The teacher whom we met this morning is very kind. （我们今天早上见到的那位老师很和蔼。）
4. Do you remember the girl whom we talked to yesterday （你记得我们昨天交谈过的那个女孩吗？）
先行词是人
在从句中作主语
在从句中作宾语
在从句中作宾语
在从句中作宾语
who 和whom 的先行词是人；who在从句中可作主语和宾语；whom只作宾语
whose 引导
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
This is the writer whose books are very popular among teenagers.
We visited the village whose name I can't remember now.
先行词是人
先行词是人
先行词是物
=survivors’ homes
=the writer’s books
=the village’s name
...的...
从句的定语
whose：先行词可以是人也可以是物，在从句中做定语，表示所属关系
关系代词
关系代词 先行词 句法功能
who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose(＝of whom/of which) 人或物 定语
that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
as 人或物 主语、宾语只能指代整个主句
只用 that不用which 的情况
(1)先行词是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little，much，none，few，the one等复合不定代词时。
(2)先行词被all，any，few，every，no，little，much，some等不定代词修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that)
(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时。
(4)先行词被the only，the very (正是、恰是)，the last修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) --特指
(5)先行词含有人和物两者时。
(6)当主句是以who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句时
All ____ is needed is money and hands.
The third place _____ we are going to visit is Hangzhou.
She described in her compositions the people and places ______ impressed her most.
Who is the girl _____ drove the car
He’s the only boy in our city ____ enters the Beijing University.
只用that 只用which
v.s
He came up with a suggestion, _______ proved to be more than practical.
that
that
that
that
that
which
1.当先行词是指物的不定代词(all, little, much, everything, none等)或被不定代词所修饰时
2.当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被其修饰时
5.当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last, the same, the right等所修饰时
3.当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时
4.当主句是以who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句时。
1.引导非限定性定语从句时，只能用which
代
高+ 序
疑
双
特
Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom, or "/".
1. Here are some of the people homes were destroyed by the typhoon.
2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people were asleep.
3. The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything they could find.
4. Several days later, most of the buildings had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.
5. The injured boy mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.
6. The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by she was rescued.
7. Is this the young boy saved several other students trapped under buildings
定语从句怎么选关系词？
1. 判断是否是定从：在名词后修饰名词
2. 判断是限制性 or非限制性:非限制性定从有“，”，不用that
3. 判断定语从句的从句部分是否完整：
否（缺主宾）-- 用关系代词 （which, that, who, whom, whose）
是（不缺主宾） -- 用关系副词 (where, when, why)
4. 关系代词选择看先行词：是人 -- who/whom/ that
是物 -- that/ which
!只用that不用which的情况：代高序双疑特
5. 体会句意：检查是否有“所属”关系 --whose
The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people were asleep.
在名词后修饰名词--限制性定从
谓语
从句缺少主语 --关系代词
先行词是人
who/ that
Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom, or "/".
1. Here are some of the people homes were destroyed by the typhoon.
2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people were asleep.
3. The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything they could find.
4. Several days later, most of the buildings had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.
5. The injured boy mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.
6. The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by she was rescued.
7. Is this the young boy saved several other students trapped under buildings
whose
that/ \
that/which
whose
whom
who/that
what if I want to make a sentence on my own
What can you see from the pictures？
What are they doing
I can see some soldiers.
The soldiers/ They are helping the survivors to build shelters.
I can see a dog.
The dog’s/ His job is to search and rescue people.
①I can see some soldiers.
②The soldiers/ They are helping the survivors to build shelters.
I can see a dog.
The dog’s/ His job is to search and rescue people.
只剩动词--缺主语 --用关系代词
先行词是人 --who/that
I can see some soldiers who/ that are helping the survivors to build shelters.
be动词前有名词--不缺主宾
看句意！job 和 dog之前存在所属关系 -- whose
I can see a dog whose job is to search and rescue people.
Practice makes perfect!
感谢观看
THANKS.