Unit 2 单元语法知识过关讲练
内容概况
1、语法知识讲解
复合不定代词
时间和地点副词
感叹句
2、过关练
单项选择。
单词拼写。
选词填空。
完成句子。
语法知识讲解
一、不定代词的概念。
不定代词是指不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词,不定代词没有主格和宾格之分,在句子中用作主语、宾语、定语等。
其中由some、any、no、every加上-body、-one、-thing构成的不定代词叫作复合不定代词。
everything一切事,最重要的事 everyone每个人,所有人 everybody 每个人,所有人
something某事,重要的人或事物 someone某/有人,重要的人 somebody某/有人,重要的人
anything什么事物,任何事物,无论什么事物 anyone任何人,无论谁 anybody任何人,无论谁
nothing没有东西,什么也没有,不重要的人或事 no one没有人,不重要的人 nobody没有人,不重要的人
注意:no one是两个词,其他复合不定代词都写成一个词。
1、复合不定代词的句法功能。
复合不定代词只相当于名词, 在句中用作主语、宾语或表语。
例:Someone is knocking at the door.有人在敲门(主语)
I need something to eat. 我需要吃点东西。(宾语)
Grammar is not everything. 语法不是全部。(表语)
2、使用注意事项
(1)复合不定代词一般用作单数
例:Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事。
Nobody is aliment. 没有人缺席。
Everyone knows his/her own words.每个人都有自己的说辞。
(2)复合不定代词如果有定语修饰,定语须置于复合不定代词之后。
例:something interesting(有趣的事)
anyone kind enough(足够善良的人)
nothing special(无特别之处)
(3)由some构成的复合不定代词用法与some类似,多用于肯定句;而由any构成的复合不定代词用法与any类似,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。
例:Do you know anyone here 你认识这里的人吗?(疑问)
I don't have anything. 我什么都没有。(否定)
【注意】在委婉请求或建议的疑问句中可用something。
例:Would you like something to drink 你想喝点什么吗?
(4)注意否定形式
not every-(every构成的不定代词)表示部分否定
例:Not everything will go well. 并非一切都会顺利。
not any-或no-(any和no构成的不定代词)表示全否定
例:No one can solve this. 没有人能解决这个问题。
There is nothing to do.没什么可做的。
二、不确定的地点副词。
some、any、no、every还可以和where一起构成不确定的地点副词。
1. somewhere(某处/某个地方)
用于肯定句或建议中,表示存在某个不确定但可接受的位置。
例句:Let's go somewhere quiet.(我们去个安静的地方吧。)
可修饰形容词,形容词后置:somewhere beautiful(某个美丽的地方)。
2. anywhere(任何地方)
多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句,强调无范围限制。
例句:Is there anywhere you want to go (你想去任何地方吗?)
在否定句中表“到处都不”:I can't find it anywhere.(我到处都找不到它。)
3. nowhere(无处/没有地方)
表否定,常与否定动词搭配,强调“不存在任何地方”。
例句:There's nowhere to sit here.(这里没有地方坐。)
反意疑问句中主语用it:Nowhere is safe, is it (没有地方是安全的,对吗?)
4. everywhere(到处/所有地方)
表全称覆盖,强调“所有位置”。
例句:She looked everywhere for her keys.(她到处找钥匙。)
5. 句法功能:
可作主语、宾语、表语或状语,视为单数概念。
例:Somewhere in the house, there's a leak.(房子某处有漏水。)
【注意】形容词后置:anywhere interesting(任何有趣的地方)。
6. any-前缀(如anywhere)多用于疑问/否定句,some-(如somewhere)多用于肯定句。
否定句中anywhere可表部分否定
例:Not anywhere is suitable.(并非任何地方都合适。)
感叹句的使用
1、感叹句的概念
叹句用于表达强烈的情感(惊讶、赞美、愤怒等),句末用感叹号"!",读时用降调。
2、感叹句的结构
感叹句由what或how引导,具体结构如下表:
类别 结构 例句
what引导 What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! What a beautiful sunset it is!(多么美丽的日落啊!)
What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! What delicious food they served!(他们端上的食物多美味啊!)
What + 形容词 + 不可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! What bad weather ( it is )! 多么糟糕的天气! What heavy snow!(雪下得多大啊!)
how引导 How + 主语 + 谓语! How time flies!(光阴似箭!)
How + 形容词/副词+ 主语 + 谓语)! How gracefully she dances!(她舞姿多优雅!) How fast the car runs!(这辆车开得真快!)
How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的女孩啊!
3、使用注意事项
(1)口语中感叹句常省略主谓。
例:What a pity! 真遗憾!
How wonderful! 太棒了!
(2)表数量的形容词(many, much, little, few)前只能用How。
例:How little money I have!(√)
比较:What a little box!(little表"小",非数量)
(3)为避免重复修饰,感叹句中一般不搭配very/rather等程度副词
错误:How very fast he runs!(×)
(4)感叹句一般不用否定结构
错误:What dirty water they didn't drink!(×)
4、What与How的互换规则
(1)当强调同一事物的不同属性时,两种结构可互换:
What a+形容词+名词 How+形容词+名词
例:What an interesting book! How interesting the book is! 多么有趣的书啊!
What tall trees! How tall the trees are! 多高的树啊!
(2)转换步骤:
去掉主谓,判断剩余部分,若核心是名词,用What;若核心是形容词/副词,用How。
例:原句:The music is beautiful.
→ 剩余部分:"beautiful music"(名词短语)→ What beautiful music!
→ 剩余部分:"beautiful"(形容词)→ How beautiful the music is!
过关练
一、单项选择
1.—How much money do you have on you
—________. I forgot to bring my wallet with me this morning.
A.No one B.None C.Nothing D.Nowhere
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你身上有多少钱?——一点都没有。我今天早上忘记带钱包了。
考查代词辨析。No one没有人,用于回答who引导的问句;None一点都没有,可用于回答how much或how many引导的问句;Nothing没有什么东西,用于回答what引导的问句;Nowhere无处,用于回答where引导的问句。据“How much money”可知,此处是问身上钱的数量,应用None。故选B。
2.—Did you buy anything on your vacation
—Yes, I bought ________ for my parents.
A.something interesting B.nothing interesting
C.interesting something D.interesting nothing
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你度假时买东西了吗?——是的,我给父母买了些有趣的东西。
考查不定代词。something某样东西;nothing没什么东西。形容词修饰不定代词时需后置;根据“Yes”可知,是买了一些东西。故选A。
3.— Sam, you must be hungry. Would you like ________ to eat
— Yes, I want to have some noodles.
A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——山姆,你一定饿了。你想吃点什么吗?——是的,我想吃一些面条。
考查不定代词辨析。everything所有事物,一切;something某物,某事;anything任何事物;nothing没有什么。根据“Sam, you must be hungry.”可知,问句是询问山姆是否想吃东西,属于委婉请求且希望得到肯定回应,并非普通疑问句,因此用something更合适,故选B。
4.—It is my first time taking a vacation in Lanzhou.
—Me too. ________ here is so nice. I love the city.
A.Nothing B.Anything C.Everything
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——这是我第一次在兰州度假。——我也是。这里的一切都很好。我爱这座城市。
考查复合不定代词辨析。Nothing没有东西;Anything任何东西;Everything一切。根据语境“here is so nice”和“I love the city”可知,说话者表达对兰州整体环境的喜爱,指“所有事物都很好”。故选C。
5.—Jane won the first prize in the English speech contest.
—________ big progress she has made! She used to be weak in English.
A.How B.How a C.What D.What a
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——简在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。——她取得了多大的进步啊!她过去英语很差。
考查感叹句。分析句子结构可知,此句为感叹句,中心词为不可数名词progress,用what引导感叹句,结构为句型“What + 形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!”。故选C。
6.—Would you like ________ to drink
—No, thanks. I don’t want to drink ________.
A.something; anything B.anything; anything C.something; something
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你想要喝点什么吗?——不了,谢谢。我什么都不想喝。
考查不定代词辨析。something某物;anything任何事。Would you like...是表示委婉请求或建议的句型,在这种希望得到对方肯定回答的委婉语气问句中,通常用something;答句为否定句,在否定句中表示“任何东西”,要用anything。故选A。
7._________ of the story books has a beautiful cover.
A.Everyone B.Every one C.Both D.All
【答案】B
【详解】句意:每本故事书都有一个漂亮的封面。
考查代词辨析。Everyone每个人;Every one每个;Both两者都;All都(三者及三者以上)。根据“has”可知,主语表示个体;根据“of the story books”可知,指每本书。故选B。
8.—The movie Ne Zha has been among the best of cartoon films. ________ it is!
—Exactly. Even my 5-year-old cousin was deeply attracted.
A.What success B.How success
C.What a success D.How a success
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——电影《哪吒》已成为最优秀的卡通电影之一。它多么成功啊!——确实。就连我5岁的表弟都被深深吸引了。
考查感叹句用法。根据题干结构“... it is!”可知此处考查“What + (a/an) + adj. + n.”或“How + adj./adv.”的感叹句结构。success作为“成功的事”时为可数名词,此处应使用“What a success”表示“多么成功的一件事”。故选C。
9.Jeff can do math problems fast in his mind. ________ clever boy he is!
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
【答案】B
【详解】句意:杰夫能心算出很快的数学题。他是一个多么聪明的男孩啊!
考查感叹句。根据“… clever boy he is!”可知,此句为感叹句,感叹句的结构为“what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主谓”或者“How+adj./adv.+主谓”,分析句子,he is为主语和谓语,而boy“男孩”为可数名词单数,且空后clever为辅音音素开头的单词。故选B。
10.—Who can finish the work in an hour
—The work is so easy that ________ can do it well quickly.
A.someone B.nobody C.anyone
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——谁能在一小时内完成这项工作?——工作很容易,任何人很快就能做好。
考查复合不定代词。someone某人;nobody没有人;anyone任何人。根据“The work is so easy that ... can do it well quickly.”可知,因为工作很容易,所以任何人都能很快做好。故选C。
11.There must be _________ knocking at the door. It may be a stranger trying to sell something.
A.everyone B.no one C.someone D.anyone
【答案】C
【详解】句意:一定有人在敲门。可能是一个陌生人想卖东西。
考查代词辨析。everyone每一个人;no one没有人;someone某人;anyone任何人。根据“There must be...knocking at the door.”可知,这里表示某个人在敲门。故选C。
12.—I don’t think ________ knows the answer to this question.
—Really Let’s ask the teacher for help then.
A.anyone B.someone C.everyone D.no one
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我想没有人知道这个问题的答案。——真的吗?那我们去找老师帮忙吧。
考查不定代词辨析。anyone任何人;someone有人;everyone 每个人;no one没有人。根据“I don’t think…knows the answer to this question.”及“Really Let’s ask the teacher for help then.”可知,此处指的是我认为没有人知道答案。anyone“任何人”,一般用于否定句和疑问句中。故选A。
13.—______ nice weather it is!
—Yes. Let’s go out for a picnic.
A.What B.How C.What a D.How a
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——天气真好!——是的。我们出去野餐吧。
考查感叹句。中心词weather是不可数名词,要用what引导感叹句,结构为:What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!故选A。
14.—________ nice weather it is to go hiking! Would you like to go with me
—Good idea! Let’s go.
A.How a B.How C.What
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——这么好的天气去远足多好啊!你愿意和我一起去吗?——好主意!我们走吧。
考查感叹句。此句是感叹句,中心词weather是不可数名词,用what引导感叹句结构:what+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语,故选C。
15.— ________ David is in the exams!
—I can’t agree more. He often gets high points.
A.What a careless boy B.What a careful boy
C.How carefully D.How carelessly
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——大卫在考试中真是个细心的男孩!——我完全同意。他经常得高分。
考查感叹句。careless粗心的;careful仔细的;carefully仔细地;carelessly粗心地。首先如果是how引导感叹句,is后接形容词作表语,排除C,D选项意思和“He often gets high points.”不符,排除;根据“He often gets high points.”可知,大卫很仔细,故选B。
16.—It’s reported that the Shenzhou 16 was sent into space successfully on 30th May.
—________ exciting news it is!
A.What B.How C.What an
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——据报道,神舟16号在5月30日成功发射进入太空。 ——多么令人兴奋的消息啊!
考查感叹句。根据“exciting news”可知,此处对应感叹句结构为:what+形容词+不可数名词+主谓。故选A。
17.________ a beautiful woman she is!
A.How B.What C.Why
【答案】B
【详解】句意:她是一个多么美丽的女人啊!
考查感叹句。根据标点符号可知,此句是一个感叹句,此处修饰“a beautiful woman”,用what引导的感叹句,结构为“What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主谓!”。故选B。
18.Look! ________ fine weather it is! And ________ time the children are having in the park!
A.What an; What good B.What; What a good
C.How; What good D.How; What a good
【答案】B
【详解】句意:看!天气多好啊!孩子们在公园里玩得多开心啊!
考查感叹句。根据“fine weather it is”可知,weather为不可数名词,因此第一句采用“What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓!”的感叹句句式,排除C和D;根据“time the children are having”可知,此处应用have a good time表示“玩得愉快”,time为名词,第二句采用“What+a/an+形容词+名词+主谓!”的感叹句句式。故选B。
19.—Look at Panda Ya Ya! ________ happy she is!
—Yes. There is enough fresh bamboo for her to eat now.
A.What B.What a C.How
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——看熊猫丫丫!她是多么快乐啊!——是的。现在有足够的新鲜竹子给她吃。
考查感叹句。本句强调的中心词是形容词happy,用“How+adj+主谓!”句型。故选C。
20.________ useful water is in our daily life!
A.What B.What an C.What a D.How
【答案】D
【详解】句意:日常生活中水多么有用啊!
考查感叹句。根据“useful water is…”可知,此处为“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语”的感叹句结构。故选D。
21.—I watched the film Nezha 2 last month. ________!
—Yes. I want to see it again.
A.How an amazing film it is B.What amazing the film is
C.How amazing the film it is D.What an amazing film it is
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——上个月我看了电影《哪吒2》。那部电影太神奇了!——是啊。我想要再看一遍。
考查感叹句。常见感叹句句式有“What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主谓!”和“How+形容词/副词+主谓!”。因此该感叹句可以是What an amazing film it is!或How amazing the film is! 故选D。
22.________ present it is! Thank you very much.
A.What a specially B.What special a
C.What special D.What a special
【答案】D
【详解】句意:多么特别的礼物啊!非常谢谢你。
考查What感叹句。What感叹句的构成为:what+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主谓;what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+主谓;根据“...present it is!”可知,present是可数名词,此处缺少结构“What+a+形容词”。故选D。
23.________ great success ________ film called Nezha2 is!
A.What; a B.How; the C.How; a D.What a; the
【答案】D
【详解】句意:《哪吒2》这部电影取得了巨大的成功!
考查感叹句和冠词。分析句子可知,“success”在这里指“一件成功的事”,且great是辅音音素开头的单词,符合的感叹句结构为“what a/an+形容词+名词+主谓”;第二空特指《哪吒2》这部电影,用the修饰。故选D。
24.—Happy birthday! Here is the present for you.
—Thank you very much. ________!
A.What a nice present B.What nice present C.How a nice present
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——生日快乐!这是给你的礼物。——非常感谢。多么棒的礼物啊!
考查感叹句。感叹句结构: ①How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语;②What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语;③What+形容词+名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语。present为可数名词单数,修饰词是nice,以辅音音素开头,用a,符合“What a nice present”结构。故选A。
25.— Are there any tomatoes in the fridge — ________.
— What’s in the fridge then — ________.
A.Nothing; None B.None; Nothing C.Nothing; Nothing D.None; None
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——冰箱里有西红柿吗?——没有。——那么冰箱里有什么?——什么也没有。
考查不定代词辨析。None一个也没有,用于回答how many或how much提问的句子;Nothing没有什么,用于回答what提问的句子。第一空是对“Are there...”引导的一般疑问句的回答,表示冰箱里一个西红柿也没有,所以用None;第二空是对“What’s...”引导的特殊疑问句的回答,表示冰箱里什么也没有,所以用Nothing。 故选B。
二、单词拼写
26.S is calling you outside! Go out and see who he is.
【答案】(S)omeone/(S)omebody
【详解】句意:外面有人在叫你!出去看看他是谁。根据“Go out and see who he is.”并结合首字母提示可知,出去看看他是谁,此处应是指外面有人在叫你,someone/somebody“某人,有人”符合,句首首字母大写。故填(S)omeone/(S)omebody。
27.The roof of the house was damaged in the storm, so we hired s to repair it.
【答案】(s)omeone
【详解】句意:房子的屋顶在暴风雨中受损了,所以我们雇了人来修理它。根据“The roof of the house was damaged in the storm”和首字母可推断,此处表示“雇了某人”来修理屋顶。someone“某人”,不定代词,在此处作hired的宾语。故填(s)omeone。
28.—Is there a wrong with the car
—I’m afraid so. You need to have someone fix it.
【答案】(a)nything
【详解】句意:—— 这辆车有什么问题吗?—— 恐怕是这样。你需要找人修理一下。根据“Is there...wrong with the car ”以及“I’m afraid so. You need to have someone fix it.”可知,此处是询问车有没有问题,anything wrong有问题,有毛病,常用于疑问句和否定句中,故填(a)nything。
29.S put a “Happy Birthday” sticky note on my desk this morning.
【答案】(S)omeone
【详解】句意:今天早上有人在我桌上放了一张“生日快乐”的便利贴。根据“…put a ‘Happy Birthday’ sticky note on my desk this morning.”及首字母提示可知,此处是指某个人放了便利贴,应用不定代词someone表示“某人”。故填(S)omeone。
30.“Does a know the answer to the question ” the teacher asks.
【答案】(a)nyone/(a)nybody
【详解】句意: “有人知道这个问题的答案吗?”老师问。anyone/anybody“任何人”,不定代词,用于否定句和疑问句中,本句是一般疑问句,因此用anyone/anybody。故填(a)nyone(a)nybody。
31.There is s wrong with my bike.
【答案】(s)omething
【详解】句意:我的自行车出了点问题。根据“There is...wrong with my bike.”和首字母提示可知,这里指自行车出了点问题,something wrong“出了点问题”。故填(s)omething。
32.In spring, e begins to grow.
【答案】(e)verything
【详解】句意:在春天,万物开始生长。根据“In spring, ... begins to grow.”及首字母提示“e”可知,此处需表达“一切事物”,对应英文单词everything。everything为不定代词,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式,符合句中“begins”的时态和语法要求。故填(e)verything。
33.Don’t look (somewhere) else when you talk with others.
【答案】anywhere
【详解】句意:和别人交谈时,不要看向别处。分析句子可知,此处是祈使句的否定式,somewhere应改为anywhere。故填anywhere。
34.I can’t see (something) in the room.
【答案】anything
【详解】句意:我在房间里什么也看不见。句子是否定句,此处用anything。故填anything。
35.The question is very easy, but not in our class can answer it. (someone)
【答案】everyone
【详解】句意:这个问题很容易,但不是我们班每个人都能回答。根据“but”可知,句意发生了转折,指问题虽简单,但不是班上每个人都能回答,everyone“每个人”。故填everyone。
36.How we are to watch such a wonderful tennis match! (excite)
【答案】excited
【详解】句意:我们能观看如此精彩的一场网球比赛,多么兴奋啊!分析句子结构可知,这是一个感叹句,句式为“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!”。此处描述“我们”的感受,应用以-ed结尾的形容词excited“兴奋的”。故填excited。
37.There isn’t (something) wrong with your TV set.
【答案】anything
【详解】句意:你的电视机没有什么毛病。分析句子结构可知,此句为否定句,应用anything“任何事情”,常用于疑问句或否定句。故填anything。
38.To (everyone) surprise, I won.
【答案】everyone’s
【详解】句意:令每个人惊讶的是我赢了。to one’s surprise“令某人吃惊的是”,故此处应用everyone’s。故填everyone’s。
39.How (luck) you are (live) in such a nice neighbourhood!
【答案】 lucky to live
【详解】句意:你住在这么个漂亮的社区,真幸运!分析句子可知,此处为how引导的感叹句,结构为“how+形容词+主语+谓语”,所以第一空应用lucky“幸运的”;根据句子结构可知,“…such a nice neighbourhood”作原因状语,应用动词不定式。故填lucky;to live。
40.What a (wonder) game it is!
【答案】wonderful
【详解】句意:这是一场多么精彩的比赛啊!根据“a...game”可知,空处填形容词作定语。wonder的形容词是wonderful“精彩的”,故填wonderful。
三、选词填空
(一)从方框中选择合适的单词填空
something what anything anywhere how
Art allows us to show 41 special about our world. Paintings can take us 42 we want—from green mountains to blue seas. They can even bring us back to important moments in history. 43 amazing their colors are! By creating art, we build a magical world. 44 a wonderful world it is! In this world, art makes 45 possible. Good art speaks to everyone, moving all who see it.
【答案】41.something 42.anywhere 43.How 44.What 45.anything
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述艺术如何通过绘画展现世界的独特之处,带领我们穿越时空,并创造出一个充满可能的魔法世界。
41.句意:艺术使我们能够展现我们世界中的一些特别之处。根据“Art allows us to show...special about our world.”可知,艺术让我们能够展示关于我们世界的某些特别之处。something表示“某些事物”,符合语境。故填something。
42.句意:绘画可以带我们去任何想去的地方——从青翠的山峦到湛蓝的海洋。根据“from green mountains to blue seas.”可知,此处表示绘画可以带我们去任何我们想去的地方——从青山到碧海。anywhere“任何地方”,符合语境。故填anywhere。
43.句意:它们的颜色是多么令人惊叹啊!根据“...amazing their colors are!”可知,为“How+adj+主语+谓语”的感叹句结构,句首首字母大写。故填How。
44.句意:这是一个多么美妙的世界啊!根据“...a wonderful world it is!”可知,此处为“What+a+adj+单数名词+主语+谓语”结构的感叹句,句首首字母大写。故填What。
45.句意:在这个世界里,艺术使一切成为可能。根据“In this world, art makes...possible.”可知,艺术使一切成为可能,anything“任何事物”,符合语境。故填anything。
(二)从括号中选择合适的单词填空。
46. (What/How) fast the young man is walking!
【答案】How
【详解】句意:这个年轻人走得多快啊!根据“fast”可知,此感叹句的结构为How+副词+主语+谓语! 故填How。
47. (What / What a) nice shirt you bought!
【答案】What a
【详解】句意:你买了一件多么漂亮的衬衫!句子是感叹句,中心词是可数名词单数shirt,用感叹句结构what a/an adj. n.+主谓。故填What a。
48. (What / How) warm it is in the classroom!
【答案】How
【详解】句意:教室里多暖和!中心词warm是形容词,用how引导的感叹句结构:how+形容词+主谓,故填How。
49. (What/What a) delicious chicken we are having!
【答案】What
【详解】句意:我们吃的鸡肉真美味!此句为感叹句,中心词chicken“鸡肉”为不可数名词,故此感叹句的结构为What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! 故填What。
四、完成句子
50.在那里我们度过了多么快乐的日子!
days we spent there!
【答案】 What happy
【详解】对比所给中英文可知,此句为感叹句,中心词为可数名词复数days,应用what引导,结构为“What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!”,happy“快乐的”。故填What;happy。
51.我好奇你是否了解一些关于恐龙的有趣的事情。
I wonder if you know about dinosaurs.
【答案】 something interesting
【详解】根据句意可知,此处表示“一些有趣的事情”,“一些事情”用不定代词“something”,“有趣的”用形容词“interesting”来修饰不定代词,要放在不定代词之后。故填something;interesting。
52.他们有一种多么特别的学习方法啊!
learning method they have!
【答案】 What a special
【详解】中英对照可知,该句为感叹句,本句中心词method是可数名词单数形式,应用what引导的感叹句,结构为“what+(a/an)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语”,special“特别的”,形容词,以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。故填What;a;special。
53.恐龙是多么令人惊叹的物种啊!
the dinosaurs are!
【答案】 How amazing
【详解】根据中文意思可知,本题考查形容词amazing“令人惊叹的”。分析可知句子为感叹句,感叹句的结构为“How+adj./adv.+主谓”或“What+(a/an)+adj.+n/n复数+主谓”,故填How;amazing。
54.It was foolish of him to believe such an old excuse. (改为感叹句)
he was to believe such an old excuse!
【答案】 How foolish
【详解】句意:他竟然相信这么老的借口,真是太愚蠢了。感叹句结构:How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!;What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!句中“foolish”是形容词“愚蠢的”,修饰主语“he”,需用How引导感叹句。故填How;foolish。
55.Look at the photo I took in Yunnan Province. The Dai people were having fun. (改为感叹句)
Look at the photo I took in Yunnan Province. the Dai people were having!
【答案】 What fun
【详解】句意:看我拍摄的云南照片。傣族人民玩得很开心。原句主语为“The Dai people”,谓语是“were having”,“fun”是不可数名词,表示“乐趣”,用what作定语修饰“fun”,What引导的感叹句结构为:What+不可数名词+主语+谓语!故填What;fun。
56.多么可怜的动物啊!
it was!
【答案】 What a poor animal
【详解】分析题干可知,此处符合“What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语”的感叹句结构;用形容词poor“可怜的”修饰单数名词animal“动物”;poor以辅音音素开头,不定冠词应用a。故填What;a;poor;animal。
57.It is amazing to recycle old phones into art. (改为感叹句)
thing it is to recycle old phones into art!
【答案】 What an amazing
【详解】句意:把旧手机回收利用成艺术品真是太神奇了。该句是中心词为可数名词的感叹句,符合的结构为“what+a/an+形容词+名词+主谓”,amazing“令人惊奇的”,是元音音素开头的单词,用an修饰。故填What;an;amazing。
58.This film is so interesting. (改为感叹句)
interesting film this is!
【答案】 What an
【详解】句意:这部电影太有趣了。改为感叹句时,中心词为单数可数名词film,用what引导感叹句,结构为“What a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”,interesting是以元音音素开头的单词,不定冠词用an。故填What;an。
59.The trip was enjoyable. We really had a wonderful time. (改为感叹句)
the trip was! We really had a wonderful time.
【答案】 How enjoyable
【详解】句意:这次旅行很愉快。我们真的度过了一段美好的时光。将原句改为感叹句,感叹句的结构通常有两种:How+形容词/副词+主语+动词,What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+动词。原句The trip was enjoyable的核心是形容词enjoyable“愉快的”,描述旅行的性质,所以用how引导感叹句。故填How;enjoyable。Unit 2 单元语法知识过关讲练
内容概况
1、语法知识讲解
复合不定代词
时间和地点副词
感叹句
2、过关练
单项选择。
单词拼写。
选词填空。
完成句子。
语法知识讲解
一、不定代词的概念。
不定代词是指不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词,不定代词没有主格和宾格之分,在句子中用作主语、宾语、定语等。
其中由some、any、no、every加上-body、-one、-thing构成的不定代词叫作复合不定代词。
everything一切事,最重要的事 everyone每个人,所有人 everybody 每个人,所有人
something某事,重要的人或事物 someone某/有人,重要的人 somebody某/有人,重要的人
anything什么事物,任何事物,无论什么事物 anyone任何人,无论谁 anybody任何人,无论谁
nothing没有东西,什么也没有,不重要的人或事 no one没有人,不重要的人 nobody没有人,不重要的人
注意:no one是两个词,其他复合不定代词都写成一个词。
1、复合不定代词的句法功能。
复合不定代词只相当于名词, 在句中用作主语、宾语或表语。
例:Someone is knocking at the door.有人在敲门(主语)
I need something to eat. 我需要吃点东西。(宾语)
Grammar is not everything. 语法不是全部。(表语)
2、使用注意事项
(1)复合不定代词一般用作单数
例:Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事。
Nobody is aliment. 没有人缺席。
Everyone knows his/her own words.每个人都有自己的说辞。
(2)复合不定代词如果有定语修饰,定语须置于复合不定代词之后。
例:something interesting(有趣的事)
anyone kind enough(足够善良的人)
nothing special(无特别之处)
(3)由some构成的复合不定代词用法与some类似,多用于肯定句;而由any构成的复合不定代词用法与any类似,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。
例:Do you know anyone here 你认识这里的人吗?(疑问)
I don't have anything. 我什么都没有。(否定)
【注意】在委婉请求或建议的疑问句中可用something。
例:Would you like something to drink 你想喝点什么吗?
(4)注意否定形式
not every-(every构成的不定代词)表示部分否定
例:Not everything will go well. 并非一切都会顺利。
not any-或no-(any和no构成的不定代词)表示全否定
例:No one can solve this. 没有人能解决这个问题。
There is nothing to do.没什么可做的。
二、不确定的地点副词。
some、any、no、every还可以和where一起构成不确定的地点副词。
1. somewhere(某处/某个地方)
用于肯定句或建议中,表示存在某个不确定但可接受的位置。
例句:Let's go somewhere quiet.(我们去个安静的地方吧。)
可修饰形容词,形容词后置:somewhere beautiful(某个美丽的地方)。
2. anywhere(任何地方)
多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句,强调无范围限制。
例句:Is there anywhere you want to go (你想去任何地方吗?)
在否定句中表“到处都不”:I can't find it anywhere.(我到处都找不到它。)
3. nowhere(无处/没有地方)
表否定,常与否定动词搭配,强调“不存在任何地方”。
例句:There's nowhere to sit here.(这里没有地方坐。)
反意疑问句中主语用it:Nowhere is safe, is it (没有地方是安全的,对吗?)
4. everywhere(到处/所有地方)
表全称覆盖,强调“所有位置”。
例句:She looked everywhere for her keys.(她到处找钥匙。)
5. 句法功能:
可作主语、宾语、表语或状语,视为单数概念。
例:Somewhere in the house, there's a leak.(房子某处有漏水。)
【注意】形容词后置:anywhere interesting(任何有趣的地方)。
6. any-前缀(如anywhere)多用于疑问/否定句,some-(如somewhere)多用于肯定句。
否定句中anywhere可表部分否定
例:Not anywhere is suitable.(并非任何地方都合适。)
感叹句的使用
1、感叹句的概念
叹句用于表达强烈的情感(惊讶、赞美、愤怒等),句末用感叹号"!",读时用降调。
2、感叹句的结构
感叹句由what或how引导,具体结构如下表:
类别 结构 例句
what引导 What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! What a beautiful sunset it is!(多么美丽的日落啊!)
What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! What delicious food they served!(他们端上的食物多美味啊!)
What + 形容词 + 不可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! What bad weather ( it is )! 多么糟糕的天气! What heavy snow!(雪下得多大啊!)
how引导 How + 主语 + 谓语! How time flies!(光阴似箭!)
How + 形容词/副词+ 主语 + 谓语)! How gracefully she dances!(她舞姿多优雅!) How fast the car runs!(这辆车开得真快!)
How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的女孩啊!
3、使用注意事项
(1)口语中感叹句常省略主谓。
例:What a pity! 真遗憾!
How wonderful! 太棒了!
(2)表数量的形容词(many, much, little, few)前只能用How。
例:How little money I have!(√)
比较:What a little box!(little表"小",非数量)
(3)为避免重复修饰,感叹句中一般不搭配very/rather等程度副词
错误:How very fast he runs!(×)
(4)感叹句一般不用否定结构
错误:What dirty water they didn't drink!(×)
4、What与How的互换规则
(1)当强调同一事物的不同属性时,两种结构可互换:
What a+形容词+名词 How+形容词+名词
例:What an interesting book! How interesting the book is! 多么有趣的书啊!
What tall trees! How tall the trees are! 多高的树啊!
(2)转换步骤:
去掉主谓,判断剩余部分,若核心是名词,用What;若核心是形容词/副词,用How。
例:原句:The music is beautiful.
→ 剩余部分:"beautiful music"(名词短语)→ What beautiful music!
→ 剩余部分:"beautiful"(形容词)→ How beautiful the music is!
过关练
一、单项选择
1.—How much money do you have on you
—________. I forgot to bring my wallet with me this morning.
A.No one B.None C.Nothing D.Nowhere
2.—Did you buy anything on your vacation
—Yes, I bought ________ for my parents.
A.something interesting B.nothing interesting
C.interesting something D.interesting nothing
3.— Sam, you must be hungry. Would you like ________ to eat
— Yes, I want to have some noodles.
A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing
4.—It is my first time taking a vacation in Lanzhou.
—Me too. ________ here is so nice. I love the city.
A.Nothing B.Anything C.Everything
5.—Jane won the first prize in the English speech contest.
—________ big progress she has made! She used to be weak in English.
A.How B.How a C.What D.What a
6.—Would you like ________ to drink
—No, thanks. I don’t want to drink ________.
A.something; anything B.anything; anything C.something; something
7._________ of the story books has a beautiful cover.
A.Everyone B.Every one C.Both D.All
8.—The movie Ne Zha has been among the best of cartoon films. ________ it is!
—Exactly. Even my 5-year-old cousin was deeply attracted.
A.What success B.How success
C.What a success D.How a success
9.Jeff can do math problems fast in his mind. ________ clever boy he is!
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
10.—Who can finish the work in an hour
—The work is so easy that ________ can do it well quickly.
A.someone B.nobody C.anyone
11.There must be _________ knocking at the door. It may be a stranger trying to sell something.
A.everyone B.no one C.someone D.anyone
12.—I don’t think ________ knows the answer to this question.
—Really Let’s ask the teacher for help then.
A.anyone B.someone C.everyone D.no one
13.—______ nice weather it is!
—Yes. Let’s go out for a picnic.
A.What B.How C.What a D.How a
14.—________ nice weather it is to go hiking! Would you like to go with me
—Good idea! Let’s go.
A.How a B.How C.What
15.— ________ David is in the exams!
—I can’t agree more. He often gets high points.
A.What a careless boy B.What a careful boy
C.How carefully D.How carelessly
16.—It’s reported that the Shenzhou 16 was sent into space successfully on 30th May.
—________ exciting news it is!
A.What B.How C.What an
17.________ a beautiful woman she is!
A.How B.What C.Why
18.Look! ________ fine weather it is! And ________ time the children are having in the park!
A.What an; What good B.What; What a good
C.How; What good D.How; What a good
19.—Look at Panda Ya Ya! ________ happy she is!
—Yes. There is enough fresh bamboo for her to eat now.
A.What B.What a C.How
20.________ useful water is in our daily life!
A.What B.What an C.What a D.How
21.—I watched the film Nezha 2 last month. ________!
—Yes. I want to see it again.
A.How an amazing film it is B.What amazing the film is
C.How amazing the film it is D.What an amazing film it is
22.________ present it is! Thank you very much.
A.What a specially B.What special a
C.What special D.What a special
23.________ great success ________ film called Nezha2 is!
A.What; a B.How; the C.How; a D.What a; the
24.—Happy birthday! Here is the present for you.
—Thank you very much. ________!
A.What a nice present B.What nice present C.How a nice present
25.— Are there any tomatoes in the fridge — ________.
— What’s in the fridge then — ________.
A.Nothing; None B.None; Nothing C.Nothing; Nothing D.None; None
二、单词拼写
26.S is calling you outside! Go out and see who he is.
27.The roof of the house was damaged in the storm, so we hired s to repair it.
28.—Is there a wrong with the car
—I’m afraid so. You need to have someone fix it.
29.S put a “Happy Birthday” sticky note on my desk this morning.
30.“Does a know the answer to the question ” the teacher asks.
31.There is s wrong with my bike.
32.In spring, e begins to grow.
33.Don’t look (somewhere) else when you talk with others.
34.I can’t see (something) in the room.
35.The question is very easy, but not in our class can answer it. (someone)
36.How we are to watch such a wonderful tennis match! (excite)
37.There isn’t (something) wrong with your TV set.
38.To (everyone) surprise, I won.
39.How (luck) you are (live) in such a nice neighbourhood!
40.What a (wonder) game it is!
三、选词填空
(一)从方框中选择合适的单词填空
something what anything anywhere how
Art allows us to show 41 special about our world. Paintings can take us 42 we want—from green mountains to blue seas. They can even bring us back to important moments in history. 43 amazing their colors are! By creating art, we build a magical world. 44 a wonderful world it is! In this world, art makes 45 possible. Good art speaks to everyone, moving all who see it.
(二)从括号中选择合适的单词填空。
46. (What/How) fast the young man is walking!
47. (What / What a) nice shirt you bought!
48. (What / How) warm it is in the classroom!
49. (What/What a) delicious chicken we are having!
四、完成句子
50.在那里我们度过了多么快乐的日子!
days we spent there!
51.我好奇你是否了解一些关于恐龙的有趣的事情。
I wonder if you know about dinosaurs.
52.他们有一种多么特别的学习方法啊!
learning method they have!
53.恐龙是多么令人惊叹的物种啊!
the dinosaurs are!
54.It was foolish of him to believe such an old excuse. (改为感叹句)
he was to believe such an old excuse!
55.Look at the photo I took in Yunnan Province. The Dai people were having fun. (改为感叹句)
Look at the photo I took in Yunnan Province. the Dai people were having!
56.多么可怜的动物啊!
it was!
57.It is amazing to recycle old phones into art. (改为感叹句)
thing it is to recycle old phones into art!
58.This film is so interesting. (改为感叹句)
interesting film this is!
59.The trip was enjoyable. We really had a wonderful time. (改为感叹句)
the trip was! We really had a wonderful time.