课件58张PPT。专题七 定语从句《考纲考点扫描》点击查看 定语从句思维流程知识点一 关系代词引导的定语从句常用关系代词的用法如下：The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.
昨天来我们学校参观的那个外国人来自加拿大。
They planted some trees that/which didn’t need much water.
他们种了一些不需要浇太多水的树木。1.关系代词that与which的用法区别(1)只用that引导的定语从句。
that在定语从句中可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，可以代替who, whom, which等。下列情况只用that而不用which引导定语从句。
①当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one时。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
你还有想要为你自己说的事情吗？
You should hand in all that you have.
你应该上交你拥有的一切。②当先行词前面被the only, the very(恰恰，正好)，any，few, little, no, all等词修饰时。
The only thing that we can do is give you some money.
我们唯一能做的事情是给你一些钱。
③当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best that has been used against pollution.
这是用来抵制污染最好的(方法)。
This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.
这是我看过的最有趣的电影。④当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。
What is the first American film that you have seen?
你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？
⑤当先行词既有人又有物时。
Do you know the persons and things that they are talking about?
你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？
⑥当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Which is the bike that you lost?
哪一辆自行车是你丢的？
Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
获得金牌的男孩是谁？⑦当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海不再是以前的那座城市了。
(2)用which而不用that引导的定语从句
①which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。
He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.
他没通过数学考试，这令他父亲很生气。
②在介词提前的定语从句中，只用which而不用that引导。
This is the place in which Lu Xun used to live.
这是鲁迅曾住过的地方。2.关系代词who，whom和whose的用法(1)关系代词who，whom先行词指人。who是主格，在从句中作主语，不可省略； whom/that在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略； whose是属格，先行词既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中用作定语，不可省略。
The man who was here yesterday is a painter.(who在从句中作主语)
昨天在这里的那个人是画家。
I know the man whom you mean.
(whom在从句中用作宾语，可省略)
我认识你指的那个人。A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.
(whose在从句中用作定语，不可省略)
失去父母的孩子叫孤儿。
I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
＝I’d like a room，of which the window looks out over the sea.
＝I’d like a room，the window of which looks out over the sea.
我想要一个窗户面朝大海的房间。3.关系代词as引导的定语从句These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语)
这些房子以人们所期望的那样的低价出售了。
He is not the same man as he was.
他和过去不同了。(as作表语)
★such...as...引导的定语从句与such...that...引导的状语从句的区别：
①He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.
他是一个人人都喜欢的聪明男孩。
②He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.
他是个如此聪明的男孩以至于每个人都喜欢他。第一个句子包含了一个定语从句，因为从句中缺成分；而第二句的从句不缺任何成分，是状语从句。
(2)as表示“正如，正像”
此时，as从句中常用know, expect, happen, point out, plan, suggest等单词或短语。
He came back home late，as we expected.
正如我们所料，他回家晚了。
As is pointed out, this is a grammar problem.
正如所指出的，这是个语法问题。1.关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破；
which表物人用who，人物都有that顾；which用在逗号后，意表前句你要know；who作主语很称职，whom用到宾语里。先行若是不定代，that就把which踹；先行词前有两数，就用that定无误；
先行词前最高级，还用that必无疑；句中若有there be, that应把which替；
先行主中作表语，避免重复从句里(Just the only very same last，其后也要用that)。2.that, which代表物，区别听我来叙述；当表示地点、时间或原因的名词在定语从句中作主语、宾语时，用that/which引导。1.The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________ are built close to each other.
答案 that/which [本题考查定语从句。句意：这古老的城镇拥有狭窄的街道和一些小房子，这些房子都靠得很近。本题为定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，用that/which引导。]
2.The old temple ________ roof was damaged in the storm is now under repair.
答案 whose [该题中先行词为temple，将其代入后面的从句中可知temple作定语，故选whose。]3.The new policy only covers such people ________ have made great contributions to our country during the war.
答案 as [句意：这项新政策只涉及那些在战争中为祖国做出重大贡献的人们。根据句意，判断先行词为people，又因先行词由such修饰，故用as。]4.用who或whom填空，并说明所作成分①This is a nurse________wears a white skirt.
②He is a worker________works very hard.
③She is a teacher________I like best.
④Tom is the driver________we talked about.
⑤Do you know the girl to________our teacher is talking.
⑥She is the teacher to________students show respect.
⑦The manager for________you have been waiting is coming.
答案 ①who 作主语 ②who 作主语 ③who/whom 作宾语 ④who/whom 作宾语 ⑤whom 作介词宾语(只能用whom)
⑥whom 作介词宾语(只能用whom) ⑦whom 作介词宾语5.whose的用法①The girl________is a teacher studies very hard.那个女孩学习非常刻苦，她的妈妈是一位教师。
②Uncle Wang________we have just passed is a lawyer.
我们刚刚经过王叔叔的办公室，他是一位律师。
③Are there any rooms________face the sea?
有没有窗户朝着海的房间？
④The house________is painted red belongs to the Browns.门被刷成红色的那个房子是布朗家的。
答案 ①whose mother ②whose office ③whose windows ④whose door6.把as和that填入下列句子①This is such an interesting book ________we all want to read twice.这是一本我们都想读两遍的有趣的书。
②This is such an interesting book________we all want to read it twice.这本书如此有趣，以至于我们都想再读一遍。
答案 ①as ②that7.翻译(the same...as, the same...that)①This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
答案 这是支和我昨天丢失的一样的钢笔。
②This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.
答案 这就是我昨天丢失的钢笔。as引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是整个主句，指代主句的内容。8.用适当的词填空
①________we all know, smoking is bad for our health.
众所周知，抽烟有害健康。
②Li Ming is late，________is known by all.
李明迟到了，这是大家都知道的。用as和which填空③Li Ming was late，________made Mr Zhang very angry.
李明迟到了，这让张老师很生气。
④________he realized, it was too late.
正如他意识到的那样，已经晚了。
答案 ①As ②as ③which ④As知识点二 关系副词引导的定语从句1.当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词，表时间用when，表地点用where，表原因用why引导He will always remember the day when his father returned from America.
他将永远记得他父亲从美国回来的那一天。
The factory where his father works is the largest one in this city.
他父亲工作的那个工厂是这个城市最大的工厂。
I don’t know the reason why he was absent today.
我不知道他今天为什么没来。2.介词＋关系代词＝ where/when/why/how when＝表时间的介词(in，at, during)＋which
where＝表地点的介词(in，at，on, under) ＋ which
why＝表原因的介词(如for) ＋which
how＝表方式的介词(如in)＋which 3.关于关系副词where 高考对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的“地点”转向模糊化的“地点”。实际上， where的外延已发生变化，当先行词是表示某人/物的situation或某事发展的stage时都可用where这个关系副词。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
他们已经到了彼此必须分手的地步。 4.关系代词和关系副词的区别关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。因此在选择关系词时，最重要的是分析一下定语从句中的成分。
比较： Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao?
你还记得我们一起在青岛度过的日子吗？
Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao?
你还记得我们在青岛过暑假的日子吗？关系代词或关系副词的选用，关键是看先行词与从句中动词的关系：先行词是否作从句中动词的宾语或主语；将先行词带入从句中是否需要添加介词。1.(2013·四川，9)Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ________ they live.
答案 where [本题考查定语从句引导词。先行词是environment为物(抽象地点)，而且定语从句中不缺少主语， live在此为不及物动词，故选where (＝in which)。]2.Life is like a long race ________ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
答案 where [句意：生活像长跑比赛，我们与其他人竞争以超越我们自己。先行词为race，代入定语从句后为：...we compete with others to go beyond ourselves in the long race.由此可见，race在定语从句中作状语，且表示地点，故用关系副词where。]有些“动词＋介词”构成的固定短语，如look for, look after, call on等不能把介词提到关系代词前。知识点三 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句1.“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，当介词放在关系代词前面时， 关系代词不能省略；反之，当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(指物)，that/who/whom(指人)作介词的宾语，作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。
This is the book for which you asked.
(which不能省略)这是你所要的书。
This is the book which you asked for.
(which可省略)这是你所要的书。 Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born? (which 不能省略)这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗？
He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.(which不能省略)他付小男孩10美元擦10个窗户，大多数窗户至少一年没有清理过了。
The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.(whom不能省略)
昨天你告诉我的那个绅士结果是个小偷。2.“介词＋which/whom”中介词的确定分两种情况： (1)与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。
The man I talked about at the meeting is from America.
＝The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from America.
在会议中我谈到的那个人来自美国。
但下面这句中for不可以提前，因为look for是动词短语。
This is the person (whom/who/that) you are looking for.
这就是你找的那个人。
(2)与定语从句所修饰的先行词搭配。
He came to a farm, on which he finally settled.
他来到一个农场，最后在那里安了家。3.“复合介词短语＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，常与先行词用逗号隔开，定语从句常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.
他住在一个大房子里，房子的前面有一棵大树。 that用法真有趣，两个地方它不去；逗号后边它不去，介词之后不考虑。1.I saw a woman running toward me in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction ________ she had come.
答案 from which [考查“介词＋关系代词”形式的定语从句。考生易受思维定式的影响，认为本题中的先行词为direction，通常与介词in搭配，表示“朝……方向”，进而误用in which。 句意：在黑暗中我看到一名女子向我跑来。还没有等我看清楚她是谁，她就沿着原来的方向跑回去了。根据句意，将先行词代入从句中应为she had come from the direction，故用from which。]2.根据句意在空白处填入相应的介词＋关系代词
①The clever boy made a hole in the wall，________he could see what was happening inside the house.
②The age________children can go to school is seven.
③The dog，________she used to be afraid, is her favourite animal now.
④The speed________Tom drives his car is too high.
⑤Tom is the boy ________I went to the cinema together.
答案 ①through which ②at which ③of which ④at which
⑤with whom易错点1 as与which在定语从句中的区别A lot of language learning, ________ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
解析 本题考查非限制性定语从句。关系代词指整个一句话A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。as用在句首，which用在句末，正确答案应该是as。
答案 as【即时小练】
We recommend that our human beings treat the nature with the same care ________ we give to our eyes.
答案 as [先行词有the same修饰，其后定语从句则用that或as引导。that表示同一个物，as表示同类中的一个。根据题意可知应选as。]以题说法
结合左面题目，我们可以汇总在定语从句中对as的考查多为：
①引导限制性定语从句时，as常用于such...as, so...as，the same...as, as...as结构中。
He is reading the same book as you bought yesterday.
他看的书和你昨天买的那本是一样的。②引导非限制性定语从句时，as引导的从句放在主句之前、之后均可，意为“正如……”；which引导的从句只能放在主句之后，意为“这一点，这件事”。
突破指南
正确判断找出先行词，看是否有“such”“the same”等词的修饰，是否翻译为“正如……”。易错点2 关系词在句中的作用判断失误(2013·湖南模拟)Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ________ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.
解析 句意：在本章的后一部分，将给读者介绍一些案例，在这些案例中，消费者的投诉已经使法律做出了修改。根据句意判定cases为先行词，关系词在定语从句中作状语，相当于in these cases, in which＝where，即先行词在从句中作状语。
答案 where【即时小练】
Remember that there is still one point ________ we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.
答案 that [句意：记住还有一点是我们必须在明天会议上弄清楚的。先行词为point，代入定语从句中作make的宾语(make the point clear)，故选关系代词that。]以题说法
此题易误用who，将readers错当了先行词，其实，根据句意及从句中所给的语境，我们可知先行词为cases。
突破指南
定语从句中先行词为case, point, position, situation等词时，一定要确定它们在定语从句中所作的成分，如作状语，用关系副词where；作主/宾语时，用that或which。 易错点3 定语从句与强调句的判断(2013·黑龙江哈师大附中月考)It was in the small house ________ was built with stones by his father ________ he spent his childhood.
解析 考查定语从句和强调句。句意：他是在他父亲用石头建造的那座小房子里度过了他的童年。前一空中which引导一个定语从句，修饰前面的house；后一空是一个强调句。判断句子是否为强调句，只要将强调句型中的It is/was，that/who去掉句子意思完整，这就是强调句型。
答案 which；that【即时小练】
It is few people，________ have come to ask for the position，________ I think are fit for the job.
答案 who；that [考查定语从句及强调句型。第一空考查非限制性定语从句的关系词，people是先行词，在定语从句中作主语，用who引导。第二空考查强调句型中的that。]以题说法
定语从句和强调句糅合在一起考查，是对定语从句的一种考查方式，解决问题的关键是找准句子的主干意思，即找到强调句型的填充处。
突破指南
在定语从句与强调句的结合中，“先行词＋定语从句”多为强调句中的被强调部分。第一空的设置多是对定语从句的考查，第二空多为强调句型。 易错点4 由分隔问题而导致的错误The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
解析 句意：仅靠体力能谋生的时代一去不复返了。先行词为days，将其带入空格后的定语从句中可知该先行词作状语，表时间，相当于in which，故用关系副词when。
答案 when【即时小练】
Occasions are quite rare ________ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
答案 when [句意：我很少有这样的机会：抽出一天的时间陪孩子。根据句意可知，本题考查定语从句中的关系词。先行词为“occasions”，意为“机会”。由于空格后的句子不缺少成分，故应填关系副词when，在定语从句中作状语，相当于on which。]以题说法
分隔式定语从句的难点在于如何准确找到先行词，一旦找准先行词，确定关系代词或关系副词就很容易了。
突破指南
正确分析句子结构，翻译句子含义，是做好此种题目的关键。假定你是中国高中生李华，今年暑假期间将去澳大利亚悉尼南部Kogarah的一所综合性学校Kogarah High School学习一个月，并将寄宿在当地的居民Silvia家中。请给Silvia写一封电子邮件，询问一些将在Kogarah生活的有关情况。具体询问内容如下：
1.住宿是否可以有单间；
2.房间里是否有网络；
3.是否可以自己煮饭；
4.是否有便利的交通。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头语和结束语已为你写好。Dear Silvia，
Greetings from China！I am Li Hua, a high school student in China. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply.
Best wishes，
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua【范文实例】1.本文是一封电子邮件，属于提纲类作文，文章说明了去澳大利亚的目的，询问了一些相关的情况，内容简洁，要点全面。
2.询问内容是文章的主体，尽管都是询问，但是作者注意了不同句式的变化，运用了May I have my own room？It would be great if I could...，I’m wondering if I could...，I’d like to know...四种不同的提问形式表达了四种不同的询问，可谓是用的巧妙，独具匠心。
3.文章用How happy I am...感叹句表达自己的兴奋之情也能够让收信人倍感亲切。
读后启示：____________________________________________专题七 定语从句
根据高考命题大数据软件分析，重点关注第1、4、7、10、14、16、22、24、25题
模拟精选题
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2016·东北三省四校联考)Prince William took a visit to the Forbidden City on Feb.28，________emperors once lived.
答案 where [考查定语从句。句意：威廉王子在2月28日参观了紫禁城，皇帝曾在那里住过。the Forbidden City作先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。]
2．(2016·安庆一中模拟)Water rafting，________courage plays an important role, is a breathtaking outdoor sport.
答案 where [考查定语从句。句意：激流漂流是一项很刺激的户外运动，在这个运动上，勇气是十分重要的。从句中缺少状语，用where表示模糊的地点概念。]
3．(2016·天水模拟)He worked in a car factory for four years，after________he founded his own company in his hometown.
答案 which [考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他在一家汽车公司里工作了四年，在那以后，他在他的家乡建立了他自己的公司。根据句意，可知要用关系代词which，介词后跟which。]
4．(2016·福建泉州三月质检)The stadium is very splendid and attractive in appearance，________may be imagined.
答案 as [本题考查的是as引导的非限制性定语从句，此时as指的是整个主句，在从句中担当主语，意为：正如。句意：正如想象的那样，体育馆从外表上看很壮丽，很吸引人。]
5．(2016·浙江瑞安八校联考)Now their talks have reached a key stage ________ one side must give in to the other.
答案 where [考查定语从句。先行词是stage，从句是完整的句子，先行词表示模糊的地点概念，在从句中作状语，故用where引导。]
6．(2016·陕西临潼华清中学模拟)He wrote a long letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
答案 where [句意：他写了一封信，在信中他解释了交通事故中所发生的事情。定语从句中，a long letter是先行词，从句中意思完整，不缺少成分，所以用关系副词where，表示在信中。]
7．(2016·广州六校联考)We are hoping for support from Mr.Webster，without ________ support we can’t make it.
答案 whose [考查定语从句的引导词。句意：我们正寻求韦伯斯特先生的支持，没有他的支持，我们不能成功。先行词和support之间是所属关系，作其定语，所以用whose。]
8．(2015·衡阳八中一模)Jane paused in front of a counter ________ some attractive ties were on display.
答案 where [考查限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词为a counter，在从句中作地点状语，故要用关系副词where。]
9．(2015·湖南十三校联考)He desired to follow that girl，but longed for the woman ________ spirit had truly companioned and supported him.
答案 whose [考查限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词是the woman，定语从句中名词spirit缺少定语，故要用whose。]
10．(2015·陕西咸阳模拟)Maybe you have a habit ________ is driving your family crazy.
答案 that/which [考查限制性定语从句的引导词。habit是先行词，which或that引导的是定语从句，并且在从句中作主语，不能省略。]
11．(2015·四川绵阳二诊)Nick’s guests，________ had heard their conversation，asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.
答案 who [考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词为Nick’s guests，指人，且在从句中作主语，故要用who。非限制性定语从句中不可用that引导。]
12．(2015·福州六校质检)However there are times ________ urgent things are most important as well，for example，helping a crying baby in the kitchen due to the fire stove.
答案 when [考查限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词为times，在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when。]
13．(2015·吉林一中月考)The people of Chu ________ mourned Qu’s death threw rice into the river to feed his ghost every year on the day of his death.
答案 who/that [考查限制性定语从句。先行词是The people of Chu，在从句中作主语，故用who/that。]
14．(2015·乌鲁木齐一中月考)Once upon a time there was a rich merchant ________ had 4 wives.
答案 who/that [考查限制性定语从句。先行词为a rich merchant，在定语从句中作主语，故答案为who/that。]
15．(2015·河南新乡一中月考)In the following years，there were fewer drop－outs and more college graduates in my village，________ I am proud of even today.
答案 which [考查非限制性定语从句。从句中缺少宾语，指代上句内容，故用which。]
16．(2015·河北正定中学月考)The lazy boy is expecting a way in ________ he can get through the exams without hard work.
答案 which [考查限制性定语从句。那个懒惰的孩子正在期盼有一种能让他不付出努力就能通过考试的方法。虽然先行词为way，但前面有介词in，只能用关系代词which。]
17．(2015·内蒙古师大附中月考)The boss ________ company I worked in two years ago has much experience in solving such kind of problem.
答案 whose [考查限制性定语从句。两年前我工作的那个公司的老板在解决类似这种问题方面很有经验。先行词是the boss，company与the boss是所属关系，故用whose作company的定语。]
18．(2015·湖南衡阳八中月考)So I decided to leave home for New York，________I might have a better chance to find a good job.
答案 where [考查非限制性定语从句。我决定到纽约去，在那里我可能会有机会找到更好的工作。先行词是New York，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where 引导。]
19．(2015·河北石家庄二中开学考)Third，we may fall behind others，________ makes us stressed.
答案 which [考查非限制性定语从句。由前面的句子和逗号判断此处是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，而且是指代前面句子内容，所以用which。]
20．(2015·甘肃民乐一中诊断)All of a sudden，her handicap was gone and all I saw was this beautiful girl，________ smile just melted me.
答案 whose [考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。 先行词girl在从句中作定语，所以要用whose。]
21．(2014·黑龙江大庆一中段考二)The Whites live in the same community ________ we do.
答案 as [考查限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词community 前有the same修饰，关系代词要用as，构成the same...as结构。]
22．(2014·甘肃嘉峪关一中六模)In most Chinese tea villages，March is the time of year in ________ locals start to pick and process tea.
答案 which [考查限制性定语从句的引导词。此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，指物只能用which。]
23．(2014·宁夏大学附属中学二模)The old people，________were very excited by our visit，told us their personal stories.
答案 who [考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。非限制性定语从句的先行词为The old people，在定语从句中充当主语，故用who引导。]
24．(2014·贵州遵义四中模拟)The richest of these is Bill Gates，worth at least $ 41 billion，________ made his money by starting the company Microsoft.
答案 who [考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。非限制性定语从句缺少主语，先行词为Bill Gates，指人，故用who。]
25．(2014·河南濮阳市二模)People should not do things ________ will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily.
答案 which/that [考查限制性定语从句的引导词。句中先行词为things，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which或that。]
Ⅱ.语篇语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2015·河南中原名校联考)Travel can be stressful, so it is not unusual for airports to offer a room for relaxation.__1__ San Francisco Airport has taken the idea one step further, __2__(offer) a yoga(瑜伽) room for passengers in need of a good stretch before their flights.
With blue walls and a rule of silence, the room in Terminal(航站楼) 2 __3__(design) at the suggestion of a passenger during an open meeting.Airport yoga lovers are directed to the room __4__ the usual means—a picture, one __5__ features a figure __6__(seat) in a full lotus position.
Airport director, John L．Martin, called the room, which opened last week, “another leap forward in providing our travelers with the opportunity and space to relax and reduce __7__(press) on their own terms.”
The architects set the lights low and warm, and constructed a floating wall __8__(symbolize) “a light spirit and enlightened mind”．
Yoga teacher, Tamal Dodge said, “How __9__(amaze) will it be to stretch out before you get on a plane for a 12－hour flight! You are now given the opportunity to __10__(real) relax and prepare your body for something as tiring as sitting in an airplane seat for hours on end.”
答案 1.But 2.offering 3.was designed 4.by 5.that/which 6.seated 7.pressure 8.to symbolize 9.amazing 10．really
创新导向题
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(关注关系代词在定语从句中作主语)We hope the measures to control house prices, ________are taken by the government, will succeed.
答案 which [句意：我们希望由政府实施的控制房价的措施能成功。所选项引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词measures，并在从句中作主语，故用which。]
2．(关注as引导的定语从句)The singing group was so well received that the size of audience，________we had expected，was well over one thousand.
答案 as [句意：那个合唱团很受欢迎，正如我们所预料的，观众的规模远远超过了1 000人。as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，意为“正如”。]
3．(关注whose引导的定语从句)I saw some trees ________ leaves were black because of the polluted air.
答案 whose [句意：我看见一些树的叶子由于空气的污染而变黑了。空中词引导定语从句修饰先行词trees，并在从句中作leaves的定语，故用whose。]
4．(关注先行词为模糊地点，用where引导从句的情况)Our school has developed a learning system__________students can do a lot of teamwork.
答案 where [句意：我们学校开发了一个学习系统，学生们可以在这个系统上共同协作。所填词应引导定语从句，并在句中作地点状语，故用where。]
5．(关注介词的来源)This book，the first two chapters ________ are interesting，was given to my friend as a birthday present.
答案 of which [句意：我把这本书作为生日礼物送给了朋友，它的前两章很有趣。所填词引导定语从句修饰book，并在从句中表示“其中的两章”，the first two chapters与book是所属关系，故用of which引导。]
Ⅱ.语篇填空
在设空处填入一个适当的关系代词或关系副词，使文章结构完整，语意通顺。
There was a time __1__ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this is the reason __2__ my father forced me to join in a 30－day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club，__3__ I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately，my guide __4__ teacher was Li Yang，communicated with me face to face，from __5__ I gained some useful instructions.He also showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities __6__ we did.My father and the guide __7__ encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated.Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into __8__ I put my entire energy.Every day I will read my words and passages aloud.In class I will join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep，I will recall my passages，through __9__ I can memorize a large number of new words.__10__ our English teacher says，“As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，we will conquer English sooner or later.”
答案 1.when 2.why 3.where 4.whose 5.whom 6.that/which 7.who/that 8.which 9.which 10.As
专题七 定语从句
2016～2012年各省市高考题(改编)
A卷 全国卷
单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(2016·全国Ⅰ，65)My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s, ________ I was the first Western TV reporter.
答案 when [由句子结构可以判断这是一个定语从句，先行词是表示时间的in the mid－1980s，从句中缺少状语，因此填写关系副词when。]
2．(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读A)Simon is a comedian and actor ________has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy.
答案 who/that [考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是a comedian and actor，在从句中做主语，所以用who或者that。]
3．(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读D)Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of ________have never before been published.
答案 which [考查定语从句。介词后跟关系代词，先行词为images，所以用which。]
4．(2016·全国Ⅲ，47)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C, influenced the development of chopsticks.
答案 who [考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，故用who。]
5．(2016·全国Ⅲ，完形)When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.That meant beating out Miller King, ________was the best player at our school.
答案 who [考查定语从句。先行词为Miller King，故用who。]
6．(2015·全国Ⅰ，64)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
答案 that/which [句意：漓江被许多艺术家所绘画。考查定语从句。先行词为Li River，在从句中作主语。]
7．(2014·全国Ⅰ，67)Maybe you leave a habit________is driving your family crazy.
答案 that/which [本题考查定语从句，先行词habit在后面从句中作主语，故用that/which。]
8．(2013·全国大纲，24)When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house________I would be staying.
答案 where [此处考查定语从句，根据句意先行词house在从句中作地点状语，故用where。]
9．(2013·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.________
答案 that→which [本题考查定语从句，非限制定语从句前用which引导，不用that。]
10．(2012·全国Ⅱ，8)That evening，________I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
答案 which [此处考查定语从句，先行词evening作宾语，且是非限制性定语从句，故选用which。]
B卷 地方卷
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词填空
1．(2016·北京，22)I live next door to a couple________children often make a lot of noise.
答案 whose [考查定语从句。句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为couple，由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系，故用关系代词whose。]
2．(2016·四川，阅读C)I prefer to work in black and white, ________ allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.
答案 which [考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是前面的整个句子。]
3．(2016·四川，阅读D)Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), ________has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
答案 which [考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是melatonin。]
4．(2016·四川，短文改错)The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite.________
答案 what→which/that或去掉what [考查定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，指物，用关系代词that/which，也可省略。]
5．(2016·江苏，23)Many young people, most of________were well－educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
答案 whom [考查定语从句的用法。句意：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐他们的梦想，他们中的很多人都受过良好教育。根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为Many young people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。]
6．(2016·浙江，11)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________ has been proved.
答案 which [考查定语从句。句意：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣会流泪的理论，其中没有一个已被证明的。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，此处是非限制性定语从句，which代替many theories，故应用 which引导该定语从句。]
7．(2015·江苏，21)The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
答案 as [句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导的定语从句，在这里作主语，意为“正如……，这一点”，代替整个主句的内容。]
8．(2015·湖南，29)It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
答案 which [句意：这真是一个令人开心的地方，它看起来和一百年前一模一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的小屋。which代替先行词place，在定语从句中用作主语，引导非限制性定语从句。不可用that。]
9．(2015·浙江，19)Creating an atmosphere in ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
答案 which [句意：创造一种使员工感到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一大挑战。先行词为an atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，此处in which相当于where。作介词宾语不可用that。]
10．(2015·重庆，14)He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.
答案 which [句意：他写了很多的儿童书，其中接近一半是在20世纪90年代出版的。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语。此处关系代词which代指前面的books，作介词of的宾语。]
11．(2015·四川，3)The books on the desk，________ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.
答案 whose [考查定语从句。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。本题考查非限制性定语从句的连接词，先行词为the books，和covers之间是所有关系，故用whose。]
12．(2015·安徽，28)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon________school education depends.
答案 which [句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 考查定语从句。depend on/upon依靠，依赖，介词后只能用which或whom来构成定语从句的引导词， 先行词为物，故用which。]
13．(2015·福建，34)China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
答案 which [句意：《今日中国》吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，用which来引导。]
14．(2014·安徽，22)The exact year ________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
答案 which/that/不填 [考查定语从句。句意：Angela和她的家人一起呆在中国的那一年是2008年。先行词the exact year在定语从句中作spent的宾语且指物，故用which也可用that或省略。]
15．(2014·北京，26)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，________ my classmates recommended to me.
答案 which [考查非限制性定语从句。句意：上个星期，我从图书馆借了同学给我推荐的《大侦探福尔摩斯》。先行词the book在定语从句中作recommend的宾语，所以要用关系代词，先行词是物，故用which。]
16．(2014·山东，10)A company ________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
答案 whose [考查定语从句。句意：利润来源于国内市场且在下降的公司可以到国外寻找机会。此处关系代词whose作定语。]
17．(2014·重庆，9)We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.
答案 which [考查定语从句。句意：一个月之后我们就能完成年初制定的销售目标。先行词targets在从句中作set的宾语，故要用关系代词which。]
18．(2014·四川，4)Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children，________ is quite unexpected.
答案 which [考查定语从句关系词的用法。显然这是一个非限制性定语从句。句意：到目前为止我们已经为贫困儿童筹集了5万英镑，这是我们始料未及的。which指代整个主句。]
19．(2014·陕西，13)Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.
答案 that [考查定语从句。句意：请把所有有关这个职位候选人的信息发给我们。先行词information在定语从句中充当have的宾语，前面又有all来修饰，故只能用that，不用which。]
20．(2013·陕西，16)________is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
答案 As [考查定语从句。 句意：等医生到的时候，Amy好多了，孩子都这样。as在此句中引导非限定性定语从句，放在句首，同时在从句中作主语。]
21．(2013·山东，35)Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
答案 which/that [本题考查定语从句。句意：最终他们到达了一个完全与外界隔绝的荒岛上。定语从句的先行词为island，而先行词在从句中所作的成分是主语，所以用关系代词that或which。]
22．(2013·江苏， 32 )The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
答案 which [考查定语从句。句意：世行的总裁说他喜欢中国，这一点他记得早在他的童年时期就开始了。which指代passion。]
23．(2013·湖南， 21 )Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
答案 who [考查定语从句。句意：幸福和成功总青睐能善于意识到自己长处的人们。who指代先行词those(那些人)，在从句中作主语。]
24．(2012·山东，23)Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.
答案 which [考查非限制性定语从句的用法。句意： Maria写了两部小说，两部都被拍成了电视剧。此处先行词是two novels，后面是一个非限制性定语从句，因此用both of which引导。]
Ⅱ.用适当的关系副词填空
1．(2015·北京，24)Opposite is St.Paul’s Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music.
答案 where [句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你可以听到一些优美的音乐。先行词是St.Paul’s Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，故用where。]
2．(2015·陕西，15)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time ________he should be able to be independent.
答案 when [句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是盼望着他有独立的时间。考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是time，后面的从句是完整的句子，先行词在从句中充当状语，所以填when。]
3．(2015·天津，15)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.
答案 where [句意：该公司的老板试图创造轻松的氛围，这样他的员工就可以享受工作的乐趣。考查定语从句。先行词为an easy atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故要用where。]
4．(2014·江苏，22)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.
答案 where [考查定语从句的引导词。句意：这本书在我的日常交流中帮了很大的忙，尤其是在良好印象是一项必要条件的工作中。根据句式结构该定语从句中work是先行词，指事物，在从句中作抽象概念的地点状语，故用where。]
5．(2014·福建，31)Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth.
答案 where [考查定语从句。句意：学生应该潜心于社区活动之中，在这些活动中，他们可以获取成长的经验。在定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where。]
6．(2014·浙江，5)I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade，________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
答案 when [考查定语从句。句意：直到五年级，我才真正会爬树，当时，我爬上一棵树，拿下了挂在树枝上的风筝。后面的定语从句是完整的句子；先行词为the fifth grade，表时间概念，所以填when。]
7．(2013·江西， 33)He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
答案 where [考查定语从句。句意：他写了一封信，在信中他解释了事故中发生的一切。解题关键是判断定语从句引导词的选择方法，即：根据先行词在定语从句中作的成分来判断。本题中先行词letter在从句中作地点状语，因此，应填where。]
8．(2013·浙江，13)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
答案 where [考查定语从句。句意：这家博物馆将在春天开放，有一个展览和一个观看平台，在这个平台上参观者可以看到正在建造的大玻璃屋。where引导的定语从句修饰platform，where在从句中充当地点状语。]
9．(2012·浙江，9)We live in an age ________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
答案 when [考查定语从句。when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语，修饰先行词an age(时代)，此处的when＝at which。]
