课件88张PPT。专题四 动词的时态和语态《考纲考点扫描》点击查看 时态语态思维流程知识点一 现在时态现在时态主要包括一般现在时，现在进行时和现在完成时。
一、一般现在时的用法
一般现在时是不受时间限制的客观存在，指经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
1.表示现状、性质、状态、经常发生的或习惯性的动作，且常与usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom，sometimes等表频率的时间状语连用。John sometimes sits up very late.约翰有时很晚才睡。2.表示客观事实或普遍现象。 The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。3.如果主句是一般将来时，那么时间、条件等状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go there.
如果明天下雨，我将不去那儿。【温馨提示】 (1)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时表达将来含义，也就是说will不用于when, if, even if, unless, whatever, no matter what/when/where等引导的状语从句中表将来，但如果will表示“决心、意愿”时，可用在条件状语从句中。
If you will go there, please tell me.
如果你愿意去那儿，请告诉我。
(2)表示按规定、计划、安排、时间表等马上要发生的事时，也用一般现在时表将来，常与具体时间状语连用。该用法仅限于少数表示短暂意义的动词，如：come, go, arrive, leave, begin, take off, stop等。老师说光速比声速快。
【误】The teacher said that light traveled faster than sound.
【正】The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.
误点：_________________________________________用正确的时态完成句子
1.It won’t be long before such a thing ________(happen) again.
答案 happens
2.He won’t speak to her unless she ________(apologize) to him.
答案 apologizes
3.My parents ________(live) in Hong Kong.They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.
答案 live [根据第二句中的...have never lived anywhere else.可推知，空格处应用一般现在时表示状态。句意：我父母住在香港。他们生在那里，从未在别的地方居住过。]二、现在进行时的用法
1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作，由“be＋现在分词”构成。
What are you doing?
你在干什么？
2.表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。
She is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
明天她要去北京。 3.与always, forever, constantly, continually等词连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感彩。
He is always helping others.
他总是肯帮助他人。
4.用进行时表示渐变过程。
The food is getting cold.
食物变凉了。 【温馨提示】 注意下列动词不能用于进行时：
感觉类： look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear等；
情感类：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear等；
思想类： wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think，understand, agree, know等；
其他类： have, contain, win, hold, belong to等。他和她正在相爱。
【误】He is loving her.
【正】He is in love with her.
误点：__________________4.—John, what are you ________(hold) in your hand?
—Look！It’s a birthday gift for my grandma.
答案 holding [句意：——琼，你手里拿着什么？——看！这是给我奶奶的生日礼物。考查在特定语境中正确使用时态的能力。根据句意(琼，你手里拿着什么？)和关键词look可知该题应用现在进行时态。]5.Because the shop ________(close) down, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.
答案 is closing [句意：因为商店即将停业，所有的T恤衫均半价出售。由句意可知此处强调“即将停业”，close为短暂性动词，所以用进行时表将来。]
6.You are always ________(watch) television.Why not do something more active?
答案 watching [句意：你总是看电视。为什么不做些更积极的事呢？always表示一种不满情绪，现在进行时与其连用表示或褒或贬的情感色彩。]三、现在完成时的用法
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。常用的时间状语有： already, just, yet, never，before等。
I have already posted the photos.我已经把照片寄出了。
2.表示从过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在，往往和for..., since..., up to now, recently, so far等表示一段时间的状语连用。
They have worked here since they left college.
自从大学毕业后，他们就一直在这儿工作。3.It(This)＋is(will be)＋the first/second/third...＋time＋that从句。that从句的谓语要用现在完成时，that可以省略。
This is the first time I have been here.
这是我第一次来这里。
4.用在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来某时以前已经完成的动作。
When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.
当你学习英语之后，你将找到一条通往丰富知识的桥梁。短暂性动作的完成时(肯定式)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。他父亲离开祖国已经50年了。
【误】His father has left his homeland for 50 years.
【正】His father has been away from his homeland for 50 years.
误点：_______________________________________________知识点二 过去时态过去时态通常包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。
一、一般过去时的用法
一般过去时往往暗示现在“已不再这样”。
1.表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作或表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
She went to the cinema last night with her boyfriend.
昨晚她和她的男友一起去看电影。
When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there.当我在乡下时，经常去拜访那里的老朋友。 2.描述过去时间内连续发生的动作。
The professor put one finger in his mouth, tasted it, and smiled with satisfaction.
教授把一个手指放进嘴里，吮了一下，满意地笑了。
He opened his eyes, put on his clothes quickly and jumped down from the bed.
他一睁开眼睛，就迅速穿上衣服，从床上跳了下来。【温馨提示】 在before和after引导的时间状语从句中，若表示两个过去的动作相继发生，都用一般过去时表示，前一个动作不必用过去完成时。
Henry visited New York before he left for Washington.
亨利去华盛顿之前游览了纽约市。
He was here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.
他在这里只待了三天，公司就派他去澳大利亚了。3.表示事先不知道或不记得，但现在已知道或记得的事情。
Sorry, I didn’t know you were here.
不好意思，我不知道你在这儿。(现在已经知道)
4.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时表示过去将来的意义。
He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.
他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
He told me he would go to the zoo if it was fine the next day.
他告诉我，如果第二天天气好的话，他将去动物园。一般过去时，事情发生在过去，经常反复或连续，
状语通常是过去，过去时间作标志：yesterday，last，ago，
be用was或were，have，has变had，
规则动词加ed，不规则动词须牢记，
变否定主语之后加didn’t，
变疑问句主语之前加did，
还有一点不能忘，后面动词要还原，
动词若是was，were，变否定更简单，在它后要把not添，
若是要变疑问句，直接提到主语前，句尾句号变问号。1.—The food here is nice enough.
—My friend ________(introduce) me a right place.
答案 introduced [句意：——这里的食物不错。——我的朋友给我介绍了一个好地方。]
2.—Oh, it’s you, Mrs Johnson! I ________(not recognize) you.
—I’ve just changed my hairstyle and I am wearing a new dress.
答案 didn’t recognize [句意：——噢，是你啊，约翰逊太太！我(刚才)没认出你来。——我刚换了发型，还穿着新裙子。由语境可知，not recognize的动作发生在对话之前，即过去的事实，故应用一般过去时。]二、过去进行时的用法
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，由“was/were＋现在分词”构成。
She was watching TV at six yesterday evening.
昨晚六点她正在看电视。
He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.
昨天他一整天都在准备他的演讲。 2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。
He was reading a novel when I came in.
当我进来时，他正在看小说。
3.表示过去计划好或安排好的将来动作(只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等)。
He said she was arriving the next day.
他说她将第二天到达。
4.与always, forever, constantly, continually连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感彩。
Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others.He never thought of himself first.雷锋同志总是先想着他人，而不是自己。3.—Why on earth didn’t you answer my phone just now?
—Sorry, but the doorbell ________(ring) too.
答案 was ringing [句意：——刚才你到底为什么不接我的电话？——对不起，可是当时门铃也在响。根据句意可知是当对方打电话的同时，有人按门铃，所以应用过去进行时。]
4.—Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?
—No.I ________(do) my homework all day yesterday.
答案 was doing [根据时间状语all day yesterday可知“昨天我一整天都在写作业”。表示在过去某个时间段正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。]三、过去完成时的用法
过去完成时由“had＋过去分词”构成。用法如下：
1.过去完成时表示过去某一动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作(即表示“过去的过去”)。时间状语可用by, before等构成的短语，也可用时间状语从句或通过上下文的语境表示。
He said that he had been abroad for three years.
他说他在国外呆了3年。
2.表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去的动作，常用的时间状语有：by then, by the end of, by the time, until, before等。
Until then he had known nothing about it yet.
直到那时，他对此仍一无所知。3.用在It was the first/ second/third...time that...句型中， that从句的谓语要用过去完成时。
This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years.
这是39年里他们第一次见面。
4.It was＋一段时间＋ since从句。since从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
我们十年来从没这么高兴过。5.表示愿望或打算一类的词，例如： intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的意图或希望等，含有某种惋惜的情感。
I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.
昨天我本来打算去看你，但我这儿来了个不速之客。
6.用在表示“一……就……”的句型中： Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had＋主语＋done...when...did...; No sooner had＋主语＋done...than...did...。
Hardly had she gone to bed when the bell rang.
她刚一上床铃就响了。四、过去将来时
过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。
He always said that he would study hard at that time.
他总是说那时他将努力学习。5.完成句子
①When I woke up, it________(stop) raining.
当我醒来时，雨已经停了。
②By that time I________(learn) 100 English words.
到那时为止，我已经学会了100个英语单词。
③I________(close) the window before I left the room.
我在离开房间之前关上了窗。
答案 ①had stopped ②had learned ③had closed6.I was just going to move away the heavy case but someone ________(do) it.Was it you?
答案 had done [句意：我正打算挪走那个重箱子，但是已经有人将它挪走了，是你吗？由句中的was可知，有人挪走箱子发生在“我”挪箱子之前，故用过去完成时。]7.—You didn’t attend the party.What a pity! We had a good time that evening.
—I ________(intend) to go, but I had an unexpected visitor.
答案 had intended [根据语境可知原本的打算未能实现，聚会已经结束，“打算”应在聚会前，故用过去完成时。句意： ——你没参加聚会，多遗憾呀！我们那晚玩得很高兴。——我原打算去的，可来了一位不速之客。]知识点三 将来时态一、一般将来时的用法
1.“will＋do”表示从现在来看以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，指事物的固有属性或必然趋势。
Fish will die without water.没有水鱼将会死。
2.shall＋do也可表示将来时态，但通常用于第一人称，而will可用于各种人称。
My birthday is coming.I shall be 18 years old.
我的生日快到了，我将要18岁了。3.“be going to＋动词原形”多用于口语中，表示“打算或计划要做某事”。此外，还可以表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，对未来进行推断。
They are going to meet outside the school gate.
他们打算在校门口见面。4.“be about to＋动词原形”表示“即将……”因此，它不与表示时间的副词或时间状语连用。
The English evening is about to start.
英语晚会即将开始。
be about to do不与具体的时间状语连用，但可与when引导的时间状语从句连用，意为“正要做……突然/就在那时……”。
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
我正要出去，电话铃突然响了。5.“be to＋动词原形”表示“按计划、安排即将发生的动作”，还可以表示“吩咐、命令、禁止”等。
There’s to be a slide show this afternoon.
今天下午要放幻灯片。
You are to hand in your papers by 10 o’clock.
到10点你得交上试卷。1.be going to表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如果天气晴朗，我们将去钓鱼。
【误】If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.
【正】If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.
误点：_______________________________
2.will还可用于表达说话时临时作出的决定。
—Sorry, I forgot to buy the book you need.
——很抱歉，我忘记买你要的那本书了。
—It doesn’t matter.I will go myself.
——没关系。我自己去买吧。3.有些动词例如： go, come, begin, leave, arrive, return, take等，其一般现在时、现在进行时都可以表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或状态。
I’m leaving for Tibet on Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。二、将来进行时的用法
表示将来某个时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作。其结构为： will/shall be doing。
I’ll be talking with the professor at this time tomorrow.
明天这个时间我将正在和教授谈话。
He will be meeting Mary during Christmas.
在圣诞节期间他将与玛丽见面。
I’ll be staying late at the office this evening.
今晚我将在办公室待到很晚。1.—You’ve left the light on.
—Oh, so I have.I’ll ________(go) and turn it off.
答案 go [句意：——你一直亮着灯。——哦，的确如此。我去关掉。go和后面的turn并列。]
2.—Ann is in hospital.
—Oh, really? I ________(not do) know.I will go and visit her.
答案 didn’t [在听完第一个说话者的话之后，“我不知道Ann在住院”这个情况就已经成为过去，所以要用一般过去时。]3.Don’t call me at eight o’clock tomorrow morning, for I ________(have) a meeting then.
答案 will be having [句意：明天上午8点钟别给我打电话，因为那时我正在开会。由语境可知，此处强调将来某一时间动作将正在进行，故用将来进行时。]三、将来完成时的用法
表示在将来某个时刻前已经完成或一直持续的动作，并对将来产生一定的影响。常与“by＋将来的某个时间”， when/before引导的时间状语从句连用。其结构为：will/shall have done。
We will have finished Senior Book 2 by the end of this term.
到本学期末我们将学完高中第二册。
By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.
你到家时我将已把房子彻底打扫一遍了。 4.By the time he leaves university, he ________(gain) work experience so long as he takes a part-time job.
答案 will have gained [句意：只要他获得一份业余工作，到他大学毕业时，他将已经获得了工作经验。by the time...意为“到……时候”，常与完成时态搭配，此处表示“到他大学毕业的时候”，故应该用将来完成时。]完成进行时经常考查的是现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。
一、现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在，并有可能延续下去。现在完成进行体是完成体和进行体的组合。因此，它具备完成体和进行体的一些因素，例如：它具备进行体的未完成性、暂时性、感彩等特点。知识点四 完成进行时They have been living here for 10 years.
他们住在这里十年了。(从过去某一时间开始住，强调现在还住在这儿)
We’ve been discussing the matter several times this year.
我们今年已数次讨论那件事。(强调说话者“抱怨”的感彩)现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别1.Over the past decades, sea ice in the Arctic ________(decrease) as a result of global warming.
答案 has been decreasing [根据时间状语over the past decades“在过去的几十年里”可知，这是一个自过去以来一直持续的动作，所以用完成进行时。句意：在过去几十年里，由于全球变暖，北极的海冰一直在减少。]二、过去完成进行时
表示一个动作从过去某个时间开始，一直持续到另一个过去时刻，到那个时刻，这一动作可能刚结束，也可能仍在进行。
He had been living here before he went to New York.
他去纽约之前一直住在这里。2.—Susan was happy like crazy!
—Oh, yes! Her parents approved of her adventurous trip to Africa that she ________(expect) for years.
答案 had been expecting [句意：——苏珊高兴得快疯啦！——哦，是的！她父母同意了她期盼多年的非洲冒险之旅。由题干语境分析，expect的动作发生在approved之前，并且expect的动作在过去的过去持续了一段时间，故应用过去完成进行时。]知识点五 动词语态1.被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的，其变化形式如下表：(以动词do为例)
一般现在时：am/is/are＋done
一般过去时：was/were＋done
一般将来时：will/shall be＋done
现在进行时：am/is/are being＋done
过去进行时：was/were＋being＋done现在完成时：have/has been＋done
过去完成时：had been done
将来完成时：will/shall have been done
过去将来时：would/should be done
过去将来完成时：would/should have been done
现在完成进行时：have/has been being done
过去完成进行时：had been being done2.被动语态的用法(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。
This jacket is made of cotton.这件上衣是棉料的。
(2)为了强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
要求参观者不可触摸展品。
(3)在文章标题、广告、新闻中。
Girls wanted.招女工。
【温馨提示】 get＋过去分词可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。
The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周得到一次治疗。3.主动形式表达被动意义(1)系动词(look, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, seem, appear等)＋形容词或名词。
The dish tastes good.这菜味道不错。
(2)表示开始、结束、运动的动词(begin, finish, close, open, start, stop, shut，move, run等)。
The store closes at 6: 00 p.m.every day.商店每天下午六点关门。
(3)表示主语的特点或特征的动词(read, write, sell, wash, wear, cut, lock, act, draw, drive, drink, eat, clean等)。
Books of this kind sell well.这类书很畅销。
The pen writes smoothly.这支钢笔写起来很流畅。(4)介词in, on, under等＋名词构成介词短语表示被动意义。 常见的有：
under control受控制
under treatment在治疗中
under repair在修理中
under discussion在讨论中
in print在印刷中
on show展出
The building is under construction.大楼正在建设中。 (5)want，require, need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。
Your coat needs washing.你的上衣需要洗洗了。
(6)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
This book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读。
(7)在“be＋形容词＋ to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。
This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.这种水不适合饮用。
The girl isn’t easy to get along with.这女孩不容易相处。★(1)be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。
(2)被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。
be seated坐着； be hidden躲藏； be lost迷路； be drunk喝醉； be dressed穿着
(3)被动语态与系表结构的区别。
此处的系表结构指“连系动词＋用作表语的过去分词”结构，它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别：
被动语态强调动作；系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。
The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态)
The book is well sold.(系表结构)4.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday.
I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday.
(2)主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。
The boss made him work all day long.
He was made to work all day long (by the boss).(3)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。
The children were taken good care of (by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
(4)情态动词， be going to, be to, be sure to, have to 等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be＋过去分词。
(5)当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report等时，被动语态有两种形式：①谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。②用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。5.不能用被动语态的几种情况(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态之中。
(2)表示状态的谓语动词，如： last, hold, contain, fit, cost等。
(3)表示归属的动词，如have, own, belong to等。
(4)表示“希望、意图”的动词，如： wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等。
(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
(6)宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。1.用所给动词的正确语态填空
①In the near future, more advances in the robot technology ________(make) by scientists.
②In the last few years thousands of films ________(produce) all over the world.
③All visitors to this village ________(treat) with kindness.
④The computer ________(repair) by tomorrow.
⑤They can’t move into the house because it ________(paint) now.
答案 ①will be made ②have been produced ③are treated
④will have been repaired ⑤is being painted谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。我们学校也教俄语。
【误】Our school also teaches Russian.
【正】Russian is also taught in our school.
误点：____________________________2.—Why does the lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water ________(pollute).
答案 have been polluted [句意：——这湖水怎么这么难闻？——因为大量的水已经被污染了。large quantities of后面无论跟可数还是不可数名词，谓语动词都应用复数形式，水被污染了才难闻，故用现在完成时的被动式。]3.完成句子
①The cloth________very soft.
这布料摸起来很软。
②This flower________very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香。
③The film________at 8 p.m.last night.
电影昨天晚上开始。
答案 ①feels ②smells ③began4.—I’d like a pen which ________(write) well.
—Will this one do?
答案 writes [句意：——我想要支好用的钢笔。——这支行吗？write作“be capable of being used for writing(指钢笔、 铅笔等)能用于书写，能使用”讲时，为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。]5.He broke the window, so he ________(该受责备).
6.The new car ________(属于) his brother.
7.There is something wrong with his computer and it ________(需要修理).
8.The new novel written by Mo Yan is ________(值得一读).
9.This kind of cake ________(尝起来美味) and ________(销路好).
答案 5.was to blame 6.belongs to 7.needs repairing 8.worth
reading 9.tastes delicious; sells well易错点1 时间定位不准—Did you catch what I said?
—Sorry.I ________(answer) a text message just now.
解析 句意：——你听懂我说的话了吗？——抱歉。我刚才正在回复一条短信。根据句意可知，第一个人说话时，“我”正在回复短信，所以没听懂对方的话，故用过去进行时态。
答案 was answering【即时小练】
(1)—Does your brother serve in the army?
—No, not now.But he ________(serve) in the army for 8 years.
答案 served [根据“No, not now.”，可以判断出空格处隐含的时间是“过去”，所以应选一般过去时。]
(2)—Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation?
—We ________(be) busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.
答案 had been [问句询问“彼得，过去你们那些人去什么地方过暑假了”，答语前半句说“度假之前已经有数月忙于工作”，动作发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时。]以题说法
该题问句“Did you...”易误导学生将行为动作发生的时间定位为一般过去时，而just now又会加深误会，但此题根据问句定位时间是过去，而语境提示可知表示的是刚才对方说话时正在进行的动作。突破指南
时态的问题实际上就是“时间”和“状态”的问题：先判断准这个动作发生的时间，然后确定在这个时间上此动作的状态，便可以确定时态了。对时间的判断，可以画一个以现在为原点的数轴，在数轴上找参照时间去判断。易错点2 时态语态顾此失彼It is reported that many a new house ________(build) at present in the disaster area.
解析 由at present可知，动词应用现在进行时，且与主语是动宾关系， 故用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是many a ＋名词单数，谓语动词用单数。
答案 is being built【即时小练】
(原创)Could I use your car please? Mine ________(repair) by the workers.
答案 is being repaired以题说法
该种题目难在既考查时态、语态，又考查主谓一致，多个考点置于同一个考题中，考生极易顾此失彼。容易忽略主谓一致和语态。所以综合考虑，用逐一排查时态语态是正确的做法。
突破指南
细心加耐心，时态语态综合考虑，也不能忽略主谓一致，可记住以下歌诀：
动词时态是难关，时间一定要先看；主语确定谓语数，动词变化不很难；短文会话观全局，单句无时判一般。 易错点3 易混时态混淆I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I ________(fly) to Shanghai.
解析 句意：我觉得特别兴奋！明天早晨这个时候我就要飞往上海了。考查将来进行时。根据时间状语At this time tomorrow morning可知第二句表示明天早晨的这一时间点正在发生的事情，故用将来进行时。
答案 will be flying【即时小练】
(1)—You were not in when I dropped in on you yesterday evening.
—Oh, so sorry.I ________(wait) at the railway station for my sister from Beijing.
答案 was waiting [根据语境可以判断出空格处隐含的时间是“过去”，又因为强调当时的情景，所以用过去进行时。]
(2)(原创)—Hi, Mary! When did you come here?
—Last weekend.I ________(experience) a different culture since then.
答案 have been experiencing [根据语境Mary自从上周末到了以后一直经历着不同的文化，而且现在并未离开，所以还将继续体验下去，故用现在完成进行时。]以题说法
该题容易误用一般将来时，因为题干中的时间状语tomorrow morning会误导考生。但仔细看题干就会发现该题还有更具体的时间状语，强调的是将来某一时间点上进行的行为动作。
突破指南
易混时态辨析是高考英语试题中的常考题型，做好此类题的关键首先要能清晰判断易混时态的异同，如一般过去时和现在完成时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时，一般将来时和将来进行时的差别等。其次，在做题时要善于捕捉句子中所隐含的信息，明确动作行为发生的确切时间。 易错点4 忽略固定句型或习惯用法(2013·陕西，17)Jim ________(watch) a late-night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.
解析 句意：吉姆正在家里看一部午夜电影，就在看到一个恐怖场面时，电视黑屏了。根据固定结构sb was doing...when...，应用was watching。
答案 was watching【即时小练】
It is the first time that he ________(be) to Beijing.
答案 has been [根据固定句式It’s the＋序数词＋time that sb ＋完成时结构，主句谓语是is，从句用现在完成时。]以题说法
该题容易误用过去时，因为题干中“the television went blank”易误导考生判断所选谓语动词是发生在过去的连续动作而选择一般过去时，但忽略了sb was doing...when sth happened是固定结构。突破指南
熟记固定句式时态，仔细分析题干结构。附常见固定句式的时态：
(1)It is the first/second/...time that sb have/has done.
(2)It was the first/second/...time that sb had done...
(3)sb was/were doing sth when...did...
(4)It’s high time that sb did/...should do...
(5)Hardly/Scarcely had sb done sth when sb did...
(6)No sooner had sb done sth than sb did... 假设你是高三学生李华，你的美国朋友彼得来信询问你的高考志愿。请你用英语回信介绍一下情况：
1.你准备报考哪所大学；
2.该大学介绍；
3.你为什么选择该大学。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结束语已写好，不计入总词数。Dear Peter，
Thanks for your email.Yes, I’m facing one of the most important choices in my life.________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Bye for now.
All the best.
Li Hua【范文实例】1.本文要点全面，叙述得体，层次分明，覆盖所要求的要点，即所喜欢的大学、大学的介绍、选择该大学的原因。
2.文章句式灵活，亮点频现：如句型There’s no denying that...，which引导的非限制性定语从句，Located in...分词作状语，making it an attractive place...现在分词作结果状语，以及what引导的主语从句的运用，升华了文章的整个品质，堪称一篇美文。
读后启示：____________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________专题四 动词的时态和语态
根据高考命题大数据软件分析，重点关注第1、2、4、6、12、14、16、23、24题
模拟精选题
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2016·湖南四县联考)I sat down on the edge of a curb (路缘) and________(listen)．
答案 listened [考查时态。and连接了两个并列的谓语动词，和前面的sat down并列。]
2．(2016·天水一中模拟)—Have you been to the United States?
—Yes, only once.I________(stay) there only for seven days.
答案 stayed [考查动词的时态。据句子 Have you been to the United States? Yes, only once.我去过美国，但已经回来，所以I________there only for seven days是过去的事，所以应用一般过去时态。]
3．(2016·济宁模拟)I________(think) about what you’ve said and I’ve decided to take your advice.
答案 have been thinking [考查时态。句意：我一直都在考虑你所说的话而且我已经决定了采纳你的建议了。用现在完成进行时表示动作由过去的某一刻开始持续，直到说话的时候才刚好结束。]
4．(2016·福建泉州三月质检)I wondered why John kept it a secret.It was not until he________(ask) three times that he told me the truth.
答案 had been asked [考查时态和语态。句意：直到我问了他三次，他才告诉我实情。主语he和ask之间是被动关系，并且发生在told之前，用过去完成时。]
5．(2016·陕西临潼华清中学模拟)—The constant noise around here ________(drive) me crazy!
—Calm down.It’s no use complaining.
答案 is driving [句意：——这里连续不断的吵闹声要把我逼疯了！——冷静点。抱怨也没用。根据谈话内容可知：使用现在进行时。]
6．(2016·兰州联考)—I wonder if you could go with me to the supermarket.
—Don’t disturb me.I ________(write)my daily report this morning and haven’t finished yet.
答案 have been writing [考查时态。句意：——我想知道你能否和我一起去超市。——不要打扰我，我今天早晨一直在写每日报告，现在还没有完成。根据句意，此处表示的从过去起一直持续的动作，用现在完成进行时。]
7．(2016·湖南浏阳一中期中)It was the fourth time she ________(shop) online for hours.
答案 had shopped [考查固定句型中的时态。It was the fourth time...从句中应该用过去完成时态。]
8．(2015·福州八中质检)Being too anxious to help an event develop often ________(result) in the contrary to our intention.
答案 results [考查一般现在时。从句子结构分析，动名词短语Being too anxious to help an event develop作主语，result是谓语动词，应当考虑时态；根据句子意思“急于求成，往往事与愿违”，是客观真理，应当用一般现在时，故填results。]
9．(2015·保定六市六校联盟)By April 2008，over 10 million articles ________(put) on Wikipedia.
答案 had been put [考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：到2008年4月份，1千多万文章已经登在维基百科上。和时间状语by April 2008连用谓语动词要用过去完成时，而且主语articles和动词put之间是被动关系。]
10．(2015·吉林一中月考)For thousands of years，the festival ________(mark) by eating Zongzi and racing dragon boats in honour of Qu Yuan.
答案 has been marked [考查时态。由时间状语for thousands of years可知，谓语动词要用现在完成时，表示端午节一直以来都以吃粽子和赛龙舟的方式进行庆祝。]
11．(2015·内蒙古包钢一中月考)I’m so sorry，but sometimes the bus can ________ (delay) by some problems.
答案 be delayed [考查语态。the bus和delay之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。]
12．(2015·海南中学月考)Now college graduates ________(encourage) to start their own business，which sounds really good for us.
答案 are being encouraged [考查时态和语态。句意：现在大学毕业生正在被鼓励自主创业，对我们来说这听起来不错。根据时间状语now可知是正在进行时，学生与鼓励之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。]
13．(2015·宁夏银川一中月考)So far I ________(adopt) and taught children for over 35 years.
答案 have adopted [考查时态。根据时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知，该状语要与现在完成时连用。]
14．(2015·广东揭阳一中、潮州金山中学联考)So the questions must ________(deal) with carefully，the same way you would handle any other hot potato.
答案 be dealt [考查语态。主语questions和动词deal with之间是被动关系。]
15．(2015·内蒙古师大附中月考)As a child，I lived in a poor family...the worst impression is that I ________ (feel) hungry all the time.
答案 was feeling [考查时态。根据时间状语all the time 可知此处要用进行时态，表示“一直”，这里是过去的事情，所以用过去进行时。]
16．(2015·黑龙江双鸭山一中月考)Sandy：What about his sister，Kate? Did she pass?
Tom：Oh，yes.It seems she________(get) good marks.
答案 got [考查时态。答句意为“好像她得了高分”。发生在过去的事要用一般过去时。]
17．(2015·河南洛阳一高月考)I think Chinese people choose chopsticks，rather than knives and forks，because Chinese people，under the influence of Confucianism，________(consider) knives and forks as symbolizing a type of violence traditionally.
答案 have considered [考查时态。中国人在儒家思想的影响下，传统地认为刀和叉是暴力的象征。此处表示对现在造成的影响和结果，故要用现在完成时。]
18．(2015·辽宁锦州市质量检测一)He jumped out of the car，________(seize) a boy and pushed him up against the parked car.
答案 seized [考查一般过去时。他从汽车里面跳了出来，抓住一个男孩。和jumped，pushed构成并列谓语，故要用一般过去时。]
19．(2014·河北邯郸市一模)Simon：Right.And how many people are coming? Did you say about 8?
Linda：Yes，they said 8 at first，but________(change) to 6 this morning.
解析 changed [考查一般过去时。他们一开始说是8个人，但是后来改成了6个。根据时间状语this morning可知此处要用一般过去时。]
20．(2014·山西太原五中模拟)He goes to a Buddhist monk for advice and expects to ________(tell) how to live a more simple life.
答案 be told [考查被动语态。此人到庙里拜见高僧寻求指点，期望被告知如何过更简朴的生活。expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事，因为he和tell之间为被动关系，故要用be told。]
21．(2014·辽宁锦州市质量检测一)“He ________(hurt)，and he’s too heavy for me”．
答案 is hurt [考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：他受伤了，对我来说他太重了。he和动词hurt之间是被动关系，且说的是客观事实，故要用一般现在时的被动语态形式。]
22．(2014·黑龙江大庆一中段考二)He ________ (work) hard at his lessons every evening for months.He wants to go to Oxford University next year.
答案 has been working [考查现在完成进行时。这几个月他一直在努力学习。用现在完成进行时表示最近一直在做的事情。]
23．(2014·黑龙江哈三中一模)If you ________(happen) meet a girl online who is intelligent，kind，honest，and you get a good feeling of her，won’t you have the desire to get to know her in person?
答案 happen to [考查动词的时态和固定表达。条件状语从句要用一般现在时表将来，happen to do sth碰巧做某事。]
24．(2014·山西太原五中模拟)There ________ (be) more than 100 million references to the word “tuhao” on social media since early September this year.
答案 have been [考查现在完成时。九月份上旬以来，“土豪”一词在中国社交网络上出现了1亿多次。和时间状语since early September this year 连用，要用现在完成时。]
25．(2014·黑龙江哈三中二模)All the discoveries in human history have ________(make) as a result of curiosity.
答案 been made [考查被动语态。the discoveries和动词make之间为动宾关系，空格前的have表明句子用现在完成时，故要用现在完成时的被动语态。]
Ⅱ.语篇语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2016·济南外国语学校质检)George Washington was the first President of the United States of America.His first term__1__president was from 1789 to 1793 and his second term from 1793 to 1797.__2__he became president, he played important roles in the army，__3__(lead) the American Continental Army to victory over the British in 1783.Washington is often seen as the father of the United States and is probably the best__4__(know) American politician ever.
The likeness and name of George Washington can still be seen in many places.There is the portrait of__5__(he)and three other American presidents carved into Mount Rushmore National Memorial.His image is also used on__6__one－dollar bill and the quarter－dollar coin.At least three universities__7__(name) after him.
Washington’s Birthday was first celebrated as a holiday in Columbia in 1880.It was made a federal holiday in 1885.The holiday was__8__(original) held on the anniversary of Washington’s birth, on February 22.In 1971, this holiday was moved to the__9__(three) Monday in February.
This holiday is legally designated as “Washington’s Birthday”．Though other institutions such as local governments and private__10__(business) may use other names, it is the federal government’s policy to always refer to holidays by the names designated in the law.
【语篇导读】 乔治·华盛顿是美国历史上第一位总统，也是刻入拉什莫尔山国家纪念公园的四位伟大总统之一。美国人民非常崇拜华盛顿，将他的诞辰纪念日定于二月份的第三个星期一。
1．as [考查介词。根据上下文语境分析，此处表示作为总统的第一个任期是从1789年到1793年，第二个任期是从1793年到1797年。as“当作，作为”。]
2．Before [考查连词。根据语境可分析，他在当总统之前，在军中起着重要作用。故需填入从属连词before。]
3．leading [考查非谓语动词。此处表示他在军中担任要职，他领导的美国大陆军于1783年战胜英军。主语he与动词lead之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作伴随状语。]
4．known [考查形容词。由语境和句式结构分析，空格处缺少形容词，表示“知名的”。结合提示词可知应填known。此处表示华盛顿通常被看作美国之父，他也可能是美国最著名的政治家。]
5．him [考查代词。根据语境分析，介词of缺少宾语，且此处指代华盛顿，故用him。]
6．the [考查冠词。由下文的“the quarter－dollar coin”可判断，此处为特指，即特指华盛顿的图像印在the one－dollar bill上。]
7．are named [考查动词时态、语态。本段的主体时态为一般现在时，且此处没有明确的表示其他时态的时间状语，由此可分析，此处应用一般现在时，而句中的主语“three universities”与动词name之间存在动宾关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，即are named。]
8．originally [考查词形转换。根据句子结构分析，此处的一般过去时的被动语态was held缺少副词修饰，故该填入形容词original的副词形式，即originally。]
9．third [考查序数词。根据语境和上文的定冠词the可判断出，此处该填入基数词three的序数词，即third。在1971年，这一节日移到了二月的第三个星期一。]
10．businesses [考查名词单复数。根据文中的关键信息“other institutions...local governments”可判断出，此处应用名词的复数形式businesses，表示多家私人企业。]
创新导向题
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(关注一般过去时表过去的事实)—You’ve got your flat furnished, haven’t you?
—Yes，I________some used furniture and it was a real bargain.
答案 bought [句意：——你的房子装修好了，不是吗？——是的，我买了一些二手家具，确实便宜。从后面的was可知，买家具是过去的动作，故用一般过去时。]
2．(关注现在完成时和过去完成时的区别)John and I________(be) friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But we________(meet) each other a couple of times before that.
答案 have been；had met [根据第一空后面的“for eight years”可知，第一空应用现在完成时；根据第二空前面的“got”及后面的“before that”可知，meet这一动作发生在got之前，故第二空应用过去完成时。]
3．(关注过去进行时表过去一段时间内正在进行的动作)—Hey，Gary，did Linda see you come in?
—I don’t think so.She________(review) her lessons then.
答案 was reviewing [句意：——嗨，加理，刚才琳达看见你进来了吗？——我认为没有。她当时正在复习功课。根据答语第二句中的then可知应用过去进行时。]
4．(关注各种时态的被动语态)A lot of attention________(pay) to greenhouse gas emission.Look at those posters for environmental protection.
答案 is being paid [句意：温室气体的排放得到了很多关注。看那些关于环境保护的海报。根据“Look at”可知此处指的是现在的情况，且pay与attention之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。]
5．(关注不用在被动语态中的词)—Does China have cultural relics?
—Yes，it is admitted that many cultural relics in the world，such as the Great Wall，the Potala Palace and the Mogao Grottoes，________(belong) China.
答案 belong to [belong to不用于被动语态和进行时态。“许多世界文化遗产，如长城、布达拉宫、莫高窟等属于中国”，这是一个客观事实，应该用一般现在时。从句的主语是many cultural relics，所以谓语动词要用复数形式。]
Ⅱ.语篇填空
用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
Welcome to our school.I’d like to introduce you to plans for our school.A lot of work __1__(do) in the past few years.The library __2__(complete) and is ready for use.But we still have to do more work.A new biology lab __3__(build)this year.But we don’t have enough money for the equipment.Students in all grades __4__(collect) money.The money which is collected __5__(spend) on new equipment.At present，a plan __6__(make) for a party at the end of the term，at which wonderful performances __7__(put)on.
The gardens of the school __8__(improve) this year.New trees __9__(plant) which will soon give shade in summer.The whole school __10__(paint) during the summer holidays.In fact，our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
答案 1.has been done 2.has been completed 3.is being built 4.are collecting 5.will be spent 6.is being made 7.will be put 8.are being improved 9.are being planted 10．is going to be painted
专题四 动词的时态和语态
2016～2012年各省市高考题(改编)
A卷 全国卷
单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(2016·全国Ⅰ，62)I________(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600－acre centre.
答案 was allowed [根据语境及allow sb to do sth这一固定句式可知，我应该是被允许接近这些可爱的动物。]
2．(2016·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.________
答案 using→ used [be used for “被用来做”，为固定短语。]
3．(2016·全国Ⅱ，43)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ________(be) often acceptable.
答案 is [考查主谓一致和时态。本句的主语为动名词短语leaving the less...，动名词作主语谓语要用单数第三人称形式，且这里说的是一个客观事实，故要用is。]
4．(2016·全国Ⅲ，42)Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might ________(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
答案 be made [考查语态。根据句意筷子是被制造的。]
5．(2016·全国Ⅲ，49)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ________(be) too violent for use at the table.
答案 were [考查时态。此处were是与would remind 并列的谓语动词。]
6．(2015·全国Ⅰ，61)It was raining lightly when I________(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.
答案 arrived [句意：就在天亮之前我到了阳朔，天下着小雨。根据前后句时态可知用一般过去时。]
7．(2015·全国Ⅰ，67)Yangshuo________(be) really beautiful.
答案 is [句意：阳朔真的很漂亮。这里用一般现在时。]
8．(2015·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)I think I would be happy there.________
答案 think→thought [句意：我认为在那儿很快乐。时态用法错误。这里用一般过去时，表示“过去认为”。]
9．(2015·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.________
答案 去掉been [句意：许多研究表明全球变暖早已成为严重的问题了。主语与动词为主动关系，这里不需要用被动语态。]
10．(2015·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)We must found ways to protect our environment.________
答案 found→find [句意：我们必须找到方法来保护我们的地球。动词用法错误。情态动词must后接动词原形。]
11．(2015·全国Ⅱ，68)This cycle________(go) day after day.
答案 goes [根据上下文，此处用一般现在时态。]
12．(2015·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)Tony was scared and begun to cry.________
答案 begun→began [动词形式错误，根据上文可知该句谓语动词应用一般过去式。]
13．(2015·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.________
答案 telling→told [此处tell应与前文saw并列作谓语，故用一般过去时。]
14．(2014·全国大纲，22)Unless extra money________(find), the theatre will close.
答案 is found [本题考查时态，条件状语从句中用现在时代替将来时，该句是被动语态，故用is found。]
15．(2014·全国大纲，32)The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ________(see) them since.
答案 has seen [本题考查时态，根据时间状语“从那以后”，可知选用现在完成时，表示现在的结果。]
16．(2014·全国大纲，短文改错)The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trust each other.________
答案 mean→means [根据上文中动名词作主语可知谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，此处表示客观事实，故选用一般现在时。]
17．(2014·全国Ⅰ，61)It________(be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.
答案 was [本题考查时态，根据上下文一致原则，应与后文could一致，故选择一般过去式。]
18．(2014·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)Since then—for all these years—we had been allowing tomatoes to self－seed where they please.________
答案 had→have [根据上下文，此处表示迄今为止，故用现在完成时。]
19．(2014·全国Ⅱ，65)A boy on a bike ________ (catch) my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.
答案 caught [此处考查时态，根据下文中的was可知该句谓语动词用一般过去时。]
20．(2014·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)My dream school look like a big garden.________
答案 look→looks [时态错误，根据前后时态一致原则，前文用一般现在时，此处主语是第三人称单数形式。]
21．(2014·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the lake listening music.________
答案 sat→sit [因为该动作与前文lie并列在情态动词之后，故用动词原形。]
22．(2013·全国大纲，27)We________(leave)very early so we packed the night before.
答案 were leaving [根据语意：我们很早就要出发，所以我们头天晚上就打包了。可知表示过去将来时，leave是位移性动词，用过去进行时表将来。]
23．(2013·全国大纲，短文改错)At home my father often thinks I’m silly.He said if I decide to do something, it takes him much time to stop me.________
答案 said→says [根据上下文时态一致原则，此处用一般现在时。]
24．(2013·全国Ⅰ，24)If we________(not act)now to protect the environment, we’ll live to regret it.
答案 don’t act [此处考查动词时态，此句中是假设条件句中，用现在时表将来。句意：如果我们现在不行动来保护环境，我们会后悔的。]
25．(2013·全国Ⅰ，27)When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but I________(change)my mind.
答案 have changed [此句考查时态，根据上下文此句表示现在已经发生改变了，故用现在完成时。]
26．(2013·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)I was only four when she passes away.________
答案 passes→passed [根据上下文时态一致原则，此处应为一般过去时。]
27．(2013·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.________
答案 drank→drunk [此处表被动，应用过去分词。]
28．(2012·全国Ⅰ，23)“Life is like walking in the snow”， Granny used to say, “because every step ________ (show)．”
答案 shows [根据上下文可知此处表示客观事实，故选用一般现在时。]
29．(2012·全国Ⅱ，18)The manager________(tell)the workers how to improve the program since 9 a．m..
答案 has been telling [此处表示从九点钟一直持续并依然在进行的动作，故选用现在完成进行时。]
30．(2012·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less.________
答案 seemed→seems [因为承接上文应用一般现在时。]
B卷 地方卷
用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2016·北京，21)Jack________(work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.
答案 was working [考查时态。句意：杰克正在实验室里工作这时突然停电了。此题考查到句型be doing...when...结构。由occurred可知停电是发生在过去的某一具体时刻，故用was working。]
2．(2016·北京，23)—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars.We________(wait)here for more than two hours.
答案 have been waiting [考查时态。句意：——请问，你们在等哪场电影？——最新的《星际大战》，我们在这儿已经等了两个小时了。由句中时间状语for more than two hours 可知，动作从过去延续到现在，并对现在产生直接影响，且动作还可能延续，故用现在完成进行时。]
3．(2016·北京，25)I________(read) half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
答案 have read [考查时态。句意：我已经读完这本英文小说的一半了，我会争取在周末读完。前一分句表示到现在已经完成的动作，与现在有联系，故用现在完成时。]
4．(2016·北京，30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts________ (reward) success in the end.
答案 will be rewarded [考查时态和语态。句意：学生们一直努力学习他们的功课，他们的努力终将得到成功的回报。由句意可知，reward这一动作发生在have been working之后，故用将来时态，reward和efforts之间为被动关系，所以用一般将来时的被动语态。]
5．(2016·四川，阅读D)Night milk quickened the start of sleep and ________(cause) the mice to sleep longer.
答案 caused [考查时态，和前面的quickened并列关系。]
6．(2016·四川，61)The giant panda________(love) by people throughout the world.
答案 is loved [全世界的人都喜欢大熊猫。这里用一般现在时表示现状，panda与love之间为被动关系。]
7．(2016·江苏，22)More efforts, as reported，________(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply－side structural reform.
答案 will be made [考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：正如报道的那样，在未来几年内要做出更大的努力去加快供给侧结构改革。根据时间状语in the years ahead可知，此处要用一般将来时，再结合主语more efforts与动词make之间为被动关系。]
8．(2016·江苏，29)Dashan, who________(learn) crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand－up tradition.
答案 has been learning [考查现在完成进行时的用法。句意：大山已经学习中国喜剧文化——相声几十年了，他希望把相声与西方喜剧整合起来。根据时间状语for decades可知，表示从过去到现在(有可能延续到将来)，故此处要用现在完成进行时。]
9．(2016·浙江，9)Silk ________ (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
答案 had become [考查动词的时态。句意：到大约公元前 100 年时丝绸已成为沿丝绸之路进行交易的主要货物之一。by＋过去时间作状语，谓语应用过去完成时态。]
10．(2016·浙江，14)When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that ________(reflect) my interest.
答案 reflected [考查时态。句意：当最后决定选一门课程时，我决定申请那个反映兴趣的课程。主句用的一般过去时，从句也如此。]
11．(2015·江苏，30)The real reason why prices ________(be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
答案 were [句意：价格过去和现在仍然过高的原因是复杂的，没有简短的讨论可以令人满意地解释这个问题。根据and still are可以推断出空白处是对过去时态的考查。]
12．(2015·湖南，22)As you go through this book, you ________(find)that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
答案 will find [句意：在你浏览这本书时，你会发现经历二战的数百万人的经历各不相同。as引导时间状语从句，意思是“当……的时候”，在从句中使用的是一般现在时，所以主句使用一般将来时，即所谓“主将从现”，主句使用一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时。]
13．(2015·湖南，25)I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I ________(ask), “What do you wish me to do now？”
答案 asked [句意：在我问“现在你想让我干什么？”时，我无法掩饰自己的迫切心情。从句中的时态应该和主句中的时态保持一致，而不是和直接引语中的时态保持一致。]
14．(2015·湖南，28)He must have sensed that I ________(look)at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you staring at me like that？”
答案 was looking [句意：他一定是感到了我在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼，然后平静地说：“为什么这样盯着看我？” must have done是对过去情况的推测，that后面应该使用过去时，再根据后面“为什么这样盯着看我？”所使用的时态为进行时，可知此处为过去进行时。]
15．(2015·湖南，32)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but ________(hold)back thankfully by the shop window.
答案 was held [句意：我有一种强烈的进去玩玩具的冲动，但是幸亏被橱窗拦住了。前面had 是一般过去时，此处是并列谓语，也应该使用一般过去时；hold back和主语I之间是被动关系，所以使用被动语态。]
16．(2015·北京，22)—Did you enjoy the party?
—Yes.We ________(treat)well by our hosts.
答案 were treated [句意：——你们聚会玩得快乐吗？——是的，主人招待我们很好。根据上一句中的did可知用一般过去时；且we和treated是动宾关系，用被动语态。故该空用一般过去时的被动语态。 ]
17．(2015·北京，26)In the last few years, China ________(make)great achievements in environmental protection.
答案 has made [句意：在最近的几年里，中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大的成就。由“in the last few years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。]
18．(2015·北京，27)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house?
—Not really.She ________(give)us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
答案 had given [句意：——你们找到安的家有困难吗？——真的没有，她已经给了我们清晰的说明，我们能够很容易地找到它。由句意可知give这一动作发生在“我们找安的家之前”，故用过去完成时。]
19．(2015·北京，30)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right.I ________(call)him later.
答案 will call [句意：——Dr.Jackson现在不在他的办公室里。——好的，过一会儿我再给他打电话。由句中的later可知此处要用一般将来时。]
20．(2015·浙江，8)Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child, few people guessed that he ________(go)be a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
答案 was going to [句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年。小时候，几乎没有人想到他会成为一个其理论将会改变世界的科学家。根据语境可知，此处要用过去将来时。]
21．(2014·福建，23)—Haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been?
—I went to Ningxia and________(stay) there for one year，teaching as a volunteer.
答案 stayed
22．(2014·湖南，28)Since the time humankind started gardening，we ________(try) to make our environment more beautiful.
答案 have been trying
23．(2014·江苏，23)—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?
—Well，the media ________ (cover) it in a variety of forms.
答案 have covered
24．(2014·山东，1)Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time－consuming than we________(expect)．
答案 had expected
25．(2014·山东，5)They made up their mind that they________(buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.
答案 would buy
26．(2013·北京，28)Hurry up! Mark and Carol ________ (expect) us.
答案 are expecting
27．(2013·辽宁，30)We are confident that the environment ________(improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution.
答案 will be improved
28．(2012·四川，11)They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ________(rebuild)．
答案 is being rebuilt [句意：他们现在暂时和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。根据句意可知，应使用现在进行时态，且house与动词rebuild之间为被动关系，故使用现在进行时态的被动语态。]
