课件134张PPT。专题二 代词和介词《考纲考点扫描》点击查看 代词思维流程知识点一 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、
指示代词及疑问代词的用法1.人称代词和物主代词2.含有反身代词的习惯用语by oneself独自地 for oneself亲自
of oneself自动地 in oneself本质上，本身
help oneself to随便吃/用 enjoy oneself玩得开心
teach oneself自学 make yourself at home别客气
say to oneself自言自语 think for oneself独立思考
seat oneself就座 come to oneself苏醒，恢复知觉
be not oneself身体不舒服 behave oneself举止规矩3.指示代词this, that，these，those，such，so的用法·What I want to say is this：you should grasp every minute to finish your work.
我想说的是，你应该抓住每一分钟的时间完成你的工作。
·Such is the power of the TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.
这就是电视的力量，它可以使人一夜成名。4.one，ones, the one, the ones, that，those, it作替代词时的区别·The train was crowded so we decided to catch a later one.
这趟火车太挤了，所以我们决定乘坐下一班。
·His own experience was different from that of his friends.
他自己的体会和朋友们的体会不同。
·I love the spring—it is a wonderful time of the year.
我喜欢春天——这是一年中一段美妙的时节。
·The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.
桌子上面的书比桌子下面的书要好。5.疑问词what的用法1.人称代词指代的数前后要一致。
2.句中没有谓语，人称代词用宾格。
如：—Me, too.——我也是。3.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格。
在作表语时，用宾格较多，例如：
—Who is knocking at the door?
—It’s me.
但在强调结构中却常用主格：
It was he who did it.
It is she who wants these clothes.
4.名词性物主代词＝形容词性物主代词＋名词。用括号中所给代词的适当形式填空
1.If you would like some fish, do help ________ (you).
2.I don’t think these jackets are John’s and Tom’s.________ (they) must be in the next room.
3.Everybody is doing ________ (they) best for the four modernizations.
4.—Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
—Why ________ (I)？John is sitting there doing nothing.5.My grandpa still treats me like a child.He can’t imagine ________ (I)grown up.
6.Sorry, it’s ________ (I)who am impolite to you, so I apologize to you.
答案 1.yourself/yourselves 2.Theirs 3.their 4.me 5.me 6.I他右手拿着书。
【误】He held a book in right hand.
【正】He held a book in his right hand.
误点：______________________________ 解答考查it，one (ones), that (those)的用法和区别的题目的关键是明确以下几点：
1.被替代的对象与上文出现的人或事物是否是同一个或同一类。
2.被替代的对象表示泛指意义还是特指意义。
3.被替代的对象是可数名词还是不可数名词，如果是可数名词，是单数还是复数。用one, it或that填空
7.A desk made of wood lasts longer than ________ made of plastics.
8.This news is less exciting than ________.
9.There is only one dictionary left in the bookstore.Please go to buy ________.
答案 7.one 8.that 9.it没有一个面包像这个通过自己的辛勤汗水挣来的一样甜。
【误】No bread eaten by man is so sweet as it earned by his own labour.
【正】No bread eaten by man is so sweet as that earned by his own labour.
误点：______________________________知识点二 不定代词1.3组不定代词对比识记(1)either，both，neither，all，none，anyAs the two dictionaries are useful, I’ll take both and either of them is very important to me.
由于这两本词典都有用，我会把它们都带走，每一本对我来说都非常重要。
Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but neither of them wants to, because they have work to do.
拉里让比尔和彼得跟他一起去野餐，但他们两个都不想去，因为他们都有工作要做。
All horses are animals, but not all animals are horses.
所有的马都是动物，但是并不是所有的动物都是马。
[点津] both，all与not连用表示部分否定；表示全部否定时应用neither，none。(2)none, nobody/no one, nothing(2013·江西，23)Nobody can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn’t love it.
没有人能持续四十年把某件事做得很好，除非他热爱它。
None of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.
他们中没有人知道那项计划，因为它还是个秘密。(3)the other, other, another, othersI have two books；one is English, and the other is French.
我有两本书，一本是英语，另一本是法语。
Shopping on the Internet enables people not to search for goods from one store to another.
网上购物使人们不必从一家店到另一家店地寻找商品。
You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea.
你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。
Some wanted to see one programme while others preferred another.I was happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing...
一些人喜欢看一个节目，另一些人却喜欢看另外的节目。而我任何节目都看得很高兴，但是，其余人却花大量时间去争论……2.其他不定代词(1)each，every的区别
①each 表示两者或两者以上的“每一个”，强调“个体”，倾向于把整体分开来考虑，作代词或形容词，可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。
Each of them has a mobile phone.(作主语)
他们每一个都有一部手机。
Each room can seat at least fifty people.(作定语)
每个房间至少能坐50人。
We each have a textbook.(作同位语)
我们每个人有一本教科书。
代词each作同位语，谓语动词与主语we保持一致。②every指三者或三者以上的“每一个”，强调“全体”，暗示无一例外，在句中只能作定语。
Every student went to the Great Wall with their teachers last Sunday.
上周日全体师生去爬的长城。
(2)some、any的区别
some 用于肯定句；any则用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。any用于肯定句时，含义为“任何”。
Some of the milk has gone bad.有一些牛奶坏了。
I haven’t got any money on me.我身上没带钱。
You may choose any student to do the research.
你可以选择任何学生来做这项调查。(3)many、much的区别
many用作不定代词时，替代可数名词复数；用作形容词时，修饰可数名词复数。much用作不定代词时，替代不可数名词；用作形容词时，修饰不可数名词。
Not many wanted to change their life in the town.
镇上想改变自己生活的人并不多。
Many people are present now.
现在有很多人在场。
The man didn’t say much about the accident.
那个男子对那起事故没有说太多。
He is a poor man；he doesn’t have much money.
他是个穷人，他的钱不多。(4)few, a few, little, a little的区别
few 几乎没有，表否定，代替或修饰可数名词。
a few 几个，一些，表肯定，代替或修饰可数名词。
little 几乎没有，表否定，代替或修饰不可数名词。
a little 一点儿，表肯定，代替或修饰不可数名词。
few, a few 作主语修饰名词时，谓语动词用复数；
little, a little 作主语修饰名词时，谓语动词用单数。代词的选用关键：分析句子逻辑关系作出正确判断
(1)代词表示的是两者还是多者？
(2)代词表示的是肯定还是否定意义？1.Look! ________of his hands is covered with muddy.What a naughty boy!
2.Look! ________of his hands are covered with muddy.What a naughty boy!
3.________ of his parents is from Hawaii.They ________ come from San Francisco.
4.________of the answers are not right.Some of them are apparently wrong.
答案 1.Either 2.Both 3.Neither; both 4.Allnone具有名词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语或同位语等。作主语，代表复数名词时，谓语动词用单复数均可；指代不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。“none of＋不可数名词”作主语时后接单数谓语动词，“none of＋复数名词”作主语时后接复数或单数谓语动词均可。
None of the telephones is/are working.没有一部电话是好的。选用不定代词填空，体会其含义
5.Some people think playing computer games benefits children a lot while ________hold the opposite view.
6.—Can I help you?
—This radio doesn’t work.Please show me ________.
7.I am just familiar with one of the two visitors to our school.________is strange to me.
8.Helping ________ people in danger is a good virtue.
答案 5.others 6.another 7.The other 8.other——我不在家时有人找我吗？
——没有。
【误】—Did anyone ask for me when I was out?
—None.
【正】—Did anyone ask for me when I was out?
—No one.
误点：___________________________________名词在each of之后，前面要加定冠词。每个学生都有一本英汉词典。
【误】Each of students has an English-Chinese dictionary.
【正】Each of the students has an English-Chinese dictionary.
误点：_______________________________________若疑问句表示请求、建议，用some，不用any。如：
May I ask you some questions？(请求)
Would you like some coffee？(建议)单句改错
9.How many did you spend on it?
改：________________________
10.Many work has been done.
改：________________________
11.There won’t be some trouble.
改：________________________
答案 9.many→much 10.Many→Much 11.some→any完成句子
12.________ of them have been to London.
他们中几乎没人去过伦敦。
13.There are ________ mistakes in his composition.
他的作文中有几处错误。
14.Hurry up.There is ________ time left.
快点，快没时间了。
答案 12.Few 13.a few 14.little知识点三 it的用法1.指时间、距离、天气、日期、温度等。It’s early spring, but it is already hot.
现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。2.指代前面提到过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词this，that。Although he didn’t like it, I decided to see the movie anyway.
尽管他不喜欢这部电影，我还是决定去看一看。3.当说话者弄不清对方是谁，不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时，可以用it来指代。
What will you call it if it is a boy?
要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？
4.作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或名词性从句。
It is dangerous for you to swim in the river.
你在这条河里游泳是危险的。(it作形式主语，to swim in the river是真正的主语)
He didn’t make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.
他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。(it作形式宾语，从句when and where...是真正的宾语)【归纳总结】
常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式：
It is a pity/shame that...真可惜/丢人……
It is no wonder that...难怪……
It seems/appears that...似乎/看来……
It looks/seems as if/though...看起来好像……
It happens that...碰巧……
It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb that...某人突然想起……
It is said/reported/announced/believed/hoped/suggested that...据说/据报道/据宣布/人们认为/人们希望/人们建议……It is no use/good doing sth做某事没有用/好处
It takes sb some time to do sth做某事花费某人多长时间
It is certain that...……是一定的
主语＋表示情感倾向的动词(enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate等)＋it＋that/if/when...5.用于强调句型“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...”John’s success has nothing to do with good luck.It is years of hard work that has made him what he is today.
约翰的成功和好运气没关系，是多年的努力工作才使他有了今天。为了方便记忆it作形式宾语的结构，我们可称其为“6123结构”：
6指常用的动词：think，consider, believe, find, make，feel；
1指的是形式宾语it；
2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；
3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式、动名词或从句。如果你把音乐关小一些，我将非常感激。
【误】I would appreciate if you would turn the music down.
【正】I would appreciate it if you would turn the music down.
误点：____________________________________________用适当的词填空
1.The doctor thought ________ would be good for you to have a holiday.
答案 it [此处it would be good for you to have a holiday是宾语从句作thought的宾语。it在这个宾语从句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。句意：医生认为去度假对你是有益的。]2.The fact that she was foreign made ________ difficult for her to get a job in that country.
答案 it [句意：她是外国人的事实使得她在那个国家很难找到工作。用it作made的形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾补之后，其他词没有这种用法。]3.填一填
①as it is________
②It depends.________
③Don’t mention it.________
④Take it easy.________
⑤believe it or not________
⑥see to it that...________⑦depend on it that...________
⑧take it for granted that..._______
⑨make it________
答案 ①照现状 ②视情况而定。③不客气。④别着急。⑤信不信由你 ⑥确保…… ⑦相信…… ⑧认为……是理所当然的 ⑨成功，做到 介词思维流程知识点一 介词一、表示时间的介词
1.at，in, on，byat (1)表示时间点、时刻等。
at 10：00，at noon，at midnight，at sunrise
(2)表示较短暂的一段时间或被认为是标志大事的节日。
at Christmas
in (1)用于世纪、朝代、年代、月、季节或泛指上午、下午、傍晚等一段时间的名词前。
in the 1990s，in the Tang Dynasty，in October，in spring，in the morning (2)表示在一段时间之后。
I’ll be back in three hours.我将在三小时之后回来。
on 表示具体的某-天或某天的上午、下午、晚上等。
on September 2nd，on a sunny day，on the morning of May 1st
by (1)表示“不迟于，在……前”。
The meeting should have finished by 4：30.
会议本来应该在4：30之前结束。
(2)表示“在……期间，在……时间内”。
He worked by day and slept by night.他白天工作，夜里睡觉。 2.in，after的用法in和after后都可以接时间段，表示“在……之后”，但in常与将来时连用，after常与过去时连用。
We will meet again in two weeks.
两周后我们会见面的。
They finished the task after two days.
两天后他们完成了任务。3.for，since，from的用法(1) “for＋时间段”表示某行为或状态持续了多久，可与现在完成时、过去时或将来时连用。
I have lived in this city for more than 10 years.
我在这座城市住了10多年了。
I worked in this company for three years.
我曾在这家公司工作了三年。(2)“since＋时间点”意为“自从(过去某时)以来”，强调自过去某时延续至今的一段时间，常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用。
He has worked in this company since graduation.
自从毕业后他就在这家公司工作。
Tom has been doing his homework since 7 o’clock.
汤姆从7点开始就一直在做他的家庭作业。
(3) “from＋时间点”只表示行为或状态的起始点，而不涉及其持续时间的长短。句子时态根据from后的时间而定。
“from ＋(过去)时间点”常与一般过去时连用； “from＋(现在/将来)时间点”常与一般将来时连用。
She began to learn to sing from the age of five.
她从5岁就开始学唱歌。4.before，by的用法(1) before与by都可表示“在……之前”，但by表示“不迟于某时”，包括某时在内。如果by后接表示将来的时间，则与将来时或将来完成时连用；如果by后接表示过去的时间，则与过去完成时连用。
We’ll have finished the work by ten o’clock tomorrow.
我们在明天十点之前就会完成这项工作。
(2)before后接时间点，则表示“在某时之前”，不包括某时在内。
I will be back before supper.
晚饭前我会回来的。5.till和until的用法till和until均表示一个动作或状态一直持续到某一时间；until较正式，在肯定句中和延续动词连用，表示一直持续到until后面的时间为止；在否定句中和非延续动词连用，表示该动作直到until后面的时间才开始。
He worked until midnight.
他一直工作到深夜。
He didn’t go to bed until midnight.
他直到深夜才上床睡觉。巧记介词in, on，at表时间的用法：
at用在时刻前，亦与正午、午夜连，黎明、终止和开端，at与之紧相伴。
周月季年长时间，in须放在其前面，泛指一晌和傍晚，也要放在in后面。
on指特定某一天，日期、星期和节日前，某天上下午和夜晚，依然要在on后面。
今明昨天前后天，上下这那每之前，at, in, on都不填，此乃习惯记心间。
注：“上下这那每之前”是指last/next/this/that/every之前。当名词前有this，that，last，next，every，each，some等词修饰时，通常不用任何介词。
this morning今天上午， last year去年1.汉译英
①在妇女节______________________________________
②在20世纪80年代________________________________
③在一个下雪的夜晚______________________________
④在清朝________________________________________
答案 ①on Women’s Day ②in the 1980s/1980’s ③on a snowy night ④in the Qing Dynasty2.用in，after填空
①She came back________a few days.
②It will be finished________a few minutes.
答案 ①after ②infor和since都常与完成时连用，但for后接时间段，since后接时间点。如for two hours两小时；since last week自上周以来。3.用for，since或from填空
①Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere________ancient times.
②She lives in China now.She lived in America________three years.
③He has stayed in Shanghai________three days.
④You will pay attention to your spelling________now.
答案 ①since ②for ③for ④from4.用before，by填空
①He will have finished it ________9 o’clock tomorrow.
②We usually have a bath________having breakfast.
答案 ①by ②before
5.用till/until填空
①I shall wait________ten o’clock.
②He didn’t leave________ten o’clock.
答案 ①till/until ②until二、表示方位的介词
1.at和in的区别 at指较小的地方。
We’ll meet each other at the gate.我们将在门口见面。
in指较大的地方。
Mr.Wang has worked in London for ten years.
王先生已经在伦敦工作10年了。2.in，to，on用在方位名词前的区别 in表示在某一范围之内。
Jiangsu lies in the east of China.江苏位于中国的东部。
to表示在某一范围之外。
Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中国的东面。
on表示两地接壤。
Mongolia lies on the north of China.蒙古在中国的北面。3.between和among的区别 between表示两者之间。
This secret is only between you and me.这是你我之间的秘密。
among表示三者或三者以上的同类事物之间。
Robert was the only person among them who had ridden the horse.
罗伯特是他们中唯一骑过马的人。 4.along，across，through的区别along表示“沿着一条直线在水平方向上运动”。
I walked along the river.我沿着河边走。
across表示“从……的一边到另一边”，强调横过。
I walked across the square.我走过广场。
through侧重从一端穿到另一端。
I walked through the woods.我散步穿过树林。 5.past，over，across，through的用法The Great Wall winds its way from west to east，across deserts，over mountains，through valleys，till at last it reaches the sea.
长城从西向东越过沙漠，跨过高山，穿过深谷，蜿蜒而行，最后直抵大海。
The crowd of people walked past the City Hall to the Center Square.
一群人经过市政厅走到了中心广场。6.above，over，under，below，on，beneath的用法Be careful，there is a heavy box over your head.
小心，你头上方有个很重的箱子。
The sun is above the mountain in the east.
太阳就在东方，那座山的上方。
There are some stamps on the desk.
桌子上有一些邮票。
The position he pointed to was below the sea level.
他所指的那个位置低于海平面。
The little mouse is under the table，so it is not easy to find it.
那只小老鼠在桌子底下，因此找到它很不容易。7.beyond，within的用法 (1)beyond(表示位置)在……的那边；(表示范围、限度)超出，非……所及。
(2)within在……范围以内，不超过。
Science is developing so fast that it is beyond our imagination.
科学发展速度之快超出了我们的想象。
It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot within easy reach.
在厨房里把你常用的东西放在容易够着的地方会节省时间。【图解方位介词】如果指三个及三个以上的人或物中的每两个之间，仍然要用between。如：
Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany.
瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。6.Young children are often advised not to spoil their appetite by eating sweets________the three meals.
答案 between [between指在两者之间。这里的三餐指的是早中餐之间和中晚餐之间，属于两者范畴。]7.Four Chinese models were________the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.
答案 among [among表示“三者或三者以上的同类事物之间”。根据题干中“在获奖的14个人里边，中国模特占4人”可知，填among。]
8.We should talk about the things__________the children’s understanding in a simple way.
答案 beyond [句意：我们应该用一种简单的方式谈论超过孩子们理解能力的东西。]9.They walked________the square，and then________the dark forest.
10.The Great Wall winds its way from west to east，________deserts, over mountains，________valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.
11.Sean has formed the habit of jogging________the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.
12.There is a lamp hanging________the desk.
13.There is a glass on the table, a map of the world on the wall, and a clock________this map.
答案 9.across；through 10.across；through 11.along
12.over 13.above三、工具、手段、方式介词
1.by，in，on三词都可以表示旅行的方式。by (1)by与某些不涉及交通工具的名词连用，表示交通方式，名词前不带冠词。
by sea，by water，by land，by rail，by air
(2)by与某些交通工具名词连用，但名词须用单数，其前不加冠词或任何修饰语。
by bike，by taxi，by plane，by ship/boat，by train，by spaceship
in/on当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时，用in或on，名词前用冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰。
in this plane，in a car，on an early train，on my bike，on the horse2.with，by，in三词均可表示“用”，表示行为的方式、手段或使用的工具。with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。
They are digging with a spade.他们正在用铲子挖。
We see with our eyes.我们用眼睛看东西。
by/in多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。
by hand，in ink，in English 表达“用……方式”的介词短语有：in this/ that/ the same way, by means of，by this/ that means, with this/ that method14.I went there________air.
15.He broke the window________a stone.
16.We will never forget this historical lesson written________blood.
17.They talked________the telephone.
答案 14.by 15.with 16.in 17.on四、表示“原因、理由”的介词：for，at，with，from/of18.He was surprised________the news.
19.He’s soon to make a speech explaining his reasons________
going.
20.He died________the wound.
21.The old man died________hunger.
22.He was shaking________anger.
答案 18.at 19.for 20.from 21.of 22.with五、几个高频介词的用法
1.against的用法2.beyond的用法3.by的用法4.with的用法against，beyond，by，with是出现频率高，考查范围广的几个介词，其意义用法灵活丰富，需要同学们对它们的各种用法了如指掌。单句改错
23.The coat was made with hand, not with a machine.
改：_______________________________________
24.The fruits are sold by pound.
改：______________________
25.The problem is difficult to answer and it’s against me.
改：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________26.Everybody was touched by words after they heard her moving story.
改：__________________________________________________
27.The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money on me.
改：_________________________________________________
答案 23.第一个with→by 24.by后加the 25.against→beyond 26.by→beyond 27.on→with短语互译
28.beyond recognition________
29.beyond belief________
30.beyond repair________
31.手工________
32.通过无线电________
33.碰巧________
34.错误地________
35.故意地________
36.抓住某人的手take sb by_______________
37.His face was red with cold.__________________38.Don’t write with a pencil.______________________
39.无事可做________________
40.春天来了________________
答案 28.认不出来 29.难以相信
30.不能修理 31.by hand 32.by radio 33.by chance/accident
34.by mistake 35.by design
36.the hand 37.他的脸因为生气变红了。38.不要用铅笔写字。
39.with nothing to do 40.with spring coming知识点二 介词短语一、介词搭配介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一定的成分。介词的常用搭配形式如下：1.介词＋名词： in turn轮流； in danger危险中； out of order出故障； by no means决不
2.名词＋介词： reason for……的原因； effect/influence on对……的影响 3.形容词＋介词： angry with对(某人)生气； concerned about 关心
4.动词＋介词： laugh at嘲笑； agree on对……达成协议
5.动词＋副词＋介词： go in for爱好；从事；put up with忍受
6.动词＋名词＋介词： take advantage of利用； pay attention to注意
7.动词＋sb/ sth＋介词： prevent sb from...阻止某人做……；remind sb of...提醒某人……二、复杂介词型
1.表示原因because of，owing to，due to，on account of，due to，thanks to等。2.表示“除……之外”的
with the exception of，except for，apart from，in addition to等。
3.表示“有关，关于”
concerning，with respect to，as for，as to等。4.表示“在……之前”
ahead of，in advance of，in front of等。
5.表示“支持，赞成”
in support of，in favor of等。
6.表示“关于；按照；依据”
in terms of，according to, in view of等。
7.表示“尽管……”；“不管……”
in spite of，regardless of等。介词解题之一：①语境法
介词之间的区别都是意义和用法上的细微的差别；介词短语之间的区别也是构成结构相似，而意义不同。这样的特点，就要求在做题时，对语境有更深层次的理解，把握住关键提示信息，从而做出正确的判断。
介词解题之二：②搭配法
介词中也有一些固定短语、固定搭配和固定用法。平时多注意积累，做题时观察句型，找出相应的知识点，然后做出正确的选择。1.When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster，many teachers would prefer to see him step aside________ favor of younger men.
答案 in [句意：在被问到他们对校长的看法时，很多老师说他们宁愿看到他让贤于更年轻的人。]
2.More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities________ lack of space.
答案 for [for lack of(由于缺乏)。]3.We give dogs time，space and love we can spare，and ________ return，dogs give us their all.
答案 in [介词＋名词构成的固定短语也是高考的常考点，因此，熟记介词短语的意义是辨析语意的关键。常见的介词短语主要由by，for，in，on等活跃介词＋名词构成，如by chance/accident(偶然)，on purpose(故意)，in return(作为回报)。]附录：常见介词搭配1.“介词＋名词”型(1)in＋名词
in advance提前，事先，预先
in case如果，万一
in charge主管，掌管，看管，负责
in common共有，共同
in demand有需要的
in doubt感到疑惑的，难以确定的
in effect实际上，生效
in fact事实上 in order按照顺序，井然有序，情况良好，恰当
in progress进行中
in return作为回报
in turn依次，替换地；相应地，转而
in vain徒劳，白费力气的
(2)on＋名词
on guard在值勤
on leave在休假
on holiday在度假
on strike罢工
on sale出售 on loan借贷
(3)on＋the＋名词
on the move在移动，搬迁；离开
on the march在行军
on the flow在涨潮
on the increase正在增加
on the go正在活动，正在奔走
on the air正在广播
on the fly正在飞行 (4) beyond＋名词
beyond one’s power是某人力不能及的
beyond praise夸不胜夸
beyond one’s reach够不着
beyond description难以形容
beyond words无法用语言形容
beyond doubt无疑；肯定
beyond one’s understanding无法理解 (5)under＋名词
under development在发展中
under observation在观察中
under test在测试中
under construction在建设中
under examination在检查(调查)中
under consideration在考虑中
under repair在修理中 (6)at＋名词
at length详细地，长时间地
at sea茫然
at will任意地
at work在上班
at lunch在吃午饭
at rest在休息
at table在吃饭
at school上学
at church做礼拜
at peace处于和平状态 (7)out of＋名词
out of breath上气不接下气地
out of balance失去平衡
out of date过时
out of patience不耐烦
out of control失去控制
out of business破产
out of style过时，不时髦
out of the ordinary不寻常的
out of touch失去联系 (8)in＋名词＋of
in favour of同意，赞成
in honour of为纪念，为庆祝
in memory of为纪念
in face of面对
in need of需要
in search of寻找
in charge of负责
in view of由于，鉴于
in terms of在……方面
in spite of尽管
in case of如果，万一 2.“形容词＋介词”型(1)at前的adj.: angry，good，bad，surprised，excited，puzzled等。
(2)of前的adj.: afraid，sure，certain，full，tired，fond，proud，worthy等。
(3)with前的adj.: angry，strict，busy，careful，popular，patient等。
(4)in前的adj.: strict，weak，interested，successful，rich等。 易错点1 it用作形式主语和形式宾语时的易错点用适当的代词填空
(2015·西安模拟)I would appreciate ________，to be frank，if goods could be delivered as soon as possible.
解析 句意：坦率地说，货物如果能尽快送到，我将不胜感激。此处it作形式宾语，代替后面的“if goods could be delivered as soon as possible”。to be frank为插入语。故填it。
答案 it【即时小练】
(1)All of us thought________no use talking about some unpractical matters frequently.
答案 it [it为形式宾语，指代句中的talking about...动名词短语。]
(2)________ felt funny watching myself on TV.
答案 It [本题是对英语中it作形式主语的考查。“watching myself on TV”为真正的主语。]以题说法
为了避免句子出现“头重脚轻”的现象，通常用it作形式宾语，指代动词不定式、动名词短语或从句，其中it指代从句的用法是最常用的。it用作形式宾语指代从句时，通常与like, dislike, appreciate, hate等连用。I’d appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
如果你愿意教我如何使用计算机，我将不胜感激。
突破指南
做代词类题时，首先在一定语境中分析代词的指代意义，以及句子结构，找出所设空白处在整个句子中所作的成分，如主语、宾语、同位语等，最后再根据所给选项的基本用法得出答案。易错点2 代词的指代意义不清用适当的代词填空
Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ________ I will always treasure.
解析 此句中用one替代a moment，作an unforgettable moment的同位语，泛指值得我珍惜的那样一个时刻。又如：Cook was a strict but good captain, one who took good care of the sailors on his ship.
答案 one【即时小练】
I just choose a simpler lifestyle，________ where I can ride my bike all over and do not have to make a great living to survive.
答案 one [句意：我只是选择了一种更简单的生活方式，一种可以骑自行车到处跑，不必为生活而奔波的生活方式。用one作a simpler lifestyle的同位语。]以题说法
“代词作同位语”的考点剖析
将同位语与代词用法放在一起考查是各种测试题中常见的一种现象，常涉及it, that, one, this, that, as, what及something, anything, nothing等，而其中对one，it, that, what等代词的考查尤其多见， 针对one在句中用于代替“a/an＋单数名词”充当同位语的这一考查角度在数年高考题中曾经多次呈现，通过比较我们可以发现这些高考题的相似之处。突破指南
这类题目首先要明确句子成分并能正确翻译出句子的汉语意思，才能对代词one作同位语的这个考点熟悉。能够多背诵几个类似的题目更好，熟悉程度够了，还能做不对题目吗？易错点3 思维定势，误解语境(2012·北京，34) Do you think this shirt is too tight________the shoulders?
解析 句意：你觉得这件衬衫肩膀的位置太紧了吗？本题考查介词的基本用法。across the shoulders指肩宽，两肩的距离，故填across。
答案 across【即时小练】
—How long have you been an actor?
—________1995，when I graduated from college.
答案 Since以题说法
此题易用to，因为同学们会受思维定势影响，误以为考查too...to结构；也有同学会用on，认为是说“肩膀上”，指具体地点，但此处考查两肩间的距离。
突破指南
近年高考侧重语境，淡化语法，做题要突破思维定势，仔细体会语境相当重要。易错点4 固定句式记忆不牢固You have no idea how she finished the relay race________her foot wounded so much.
答案 with
【即时小练】
I was________the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.
答案 on [on the point of doing sth 是固定搭配，另外注意这个句子中并列连词when连接的固定句型： on the point of doing...when...，意思是“正要干……这时……”，这样的句型还有be about to do...when...; was doing...when...。句意：我正要给他打电话，他的信到了。]以题说法
考查with＋名词＋adj.复合结构用作状语，此题误用when，原句则需改成when/while her foot was wounded so much。句意：你不知道她脚部受伤这么严重是怎么跑完接力赛的。
突破指南
介词与句型的融合使用，成为近几年的高考趋势，熟记句型和搭配是非常关键的。易错点5 受汉语思维影响The graduates are determined to devote themselves ________Chinese space science.
解析 句意：毕业生们决心献身于中国太空科学事业。devote oneself to doing sth 意为“献身于……”，这里的to是介词。类似的结构有：pay attention to，get down to，look forward to，make a contribution to等。
答案 to【即时小练】
(1)(2015·河北邯郸质检)I looked________the direction of the voice，only to find it was a lovely dog.
(2)Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank ________ a chair.
答案 (1)in (2)into以题说法
易误用for。受到汉语思维习惯的影响，考生易误认为是“为了(for表目的)”中国的太空科学事业而奉献，却忽略了与devote固定搭配的介词只能是to。
突破指南
学习英语要注意摆脱母语的束缚。介词是虚词，必须放在语境中才能有生动鲜活的意义，死记硬背单个介词的意义是很容易进入误区的，所以要多思考语境，不能死抠字眼，要从全局入手。如：中国学生还常将in the direction记作to the direction，因为“to”有“朝向……”的意思。易错点6 固定搭配含混不清I like Mr.Miner’s speech; it was clear and________the point.
解析 考查介词与名词构成的短语，to the point意思为“切中要点”。句意：我喜欢Miner先生的讲话，既清楚又切中要点。
答案 to
【即时小练】
At the railway station，the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was________ of sight.
答案 out以题说法
辨析题是选择题的常考题型。根据介词短语的构成形式，可以考查某一词和不同介词的搭配；也可考查同一介词和不同词的搭配辨析，要明确其意义，对比异同，根据句意需要而选择。
突破指南
高考中对介词的考查很灵活。由于介词不能单独充当某一成分，而总是与动词或名词等连用组成介词短语，所以对介词的考查更多地融合在时态或句型中，因此需要考生全面理解试题的含义及结构，而不能孤立地考虑介词的一般含义。假设你是李华，请你以自己网上购书所遇到的不愉快经历，向中国某家英文报纸生活栏目写一封抱怨信。要点如下：
1.所购书中有破损、缺页现象；
2.一些书籍价格比实体书店还要贵；
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头语和结尾已给出(不计入总词数)。Dear Sir or Madame，
I am a middle school student.I am writing to express my dissatisfaction and disappointment about the unpleasant experience
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
I would be grateful if you could take my opinion into consideration.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua【范文实例】1.本文是一篇应用文(抱怨信)，文章层次分明，写出了抱怨的原因和对这件事的解决建议，表达了希望。
2.文章用了in the first place, in addition, needless to say等关联词，使得文章结构更为清晰。此外，固定句型The reason why...is that...，分词hoping that...的运用也提升了文章的品质。
3.arouse the attention, beyond my expectation, with the supervision of the public opinion的运用也彰显了考生深厚的语言功底。
读后启示：_____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________专题二 代词和介词
根据高考命题大数据软件分析，重点关注第1、2、7、8、11、14、17、20、26、28题
模拟精选题
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2016·安徽江南十校联考)I’m busy preparing for my examinations________present.
答案 at [考查固定搭配 at present目前。]
2．(2016·河南豫东名校联盟检测)After what seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding—I made________！
答案 it [考查固定表达。make it是固定表达，意思是成功，做到。故答案为it。]
3．(2016·湖北八校联考)The young man carried the dog home, cared________its wounds, and gave it food and water.
答案 for [考查介词。根据句子 The young man carried the dog home, cared ____its wounds年轻人将小狗带回家并照顾它的伤势，故填for。]
4．(2016·山东师大附中模拟)Most schools offer different kinds________hobby classes.
答案 of [考查固定搭配。different kinds of各种不同种类的。]
5．(2016·河南六市三月联考)I haven’t continued any of the hobbies I began at school.But I have never regretted taking________．
答案 them [考查代词，此处的them代指前面的hobbies。]
6．(2016·银川一中高三一模)Parents often find________difficult to win their children’s trust and they always forget how they themselves felt when young.
答案 it [考查find的复合结构，find it ＋形容词 ＋to do sth固定句式，it作形式宾语。]
7．(2016·陕西临潼华清中学模拟)—Hurry up！There’s a bus coming!
—Why run？There will be ________ one in two or three minutes.
答案 another [句意：——快点！一辆公交车来了！——为什么要跑？两三分钟就会有另外一辆。another许多辆公交车中的另外一辆。故填another。]
8．(2016·太原模拟)It is thought that police had been called to the scene following a report of a collision involving her vehicle and ________ of another motorist.
答案 that [考查代词。句意：据说，警察追踪着一则报道到了现场，当时她的车和另一辆车发生了碰撞。此处用that代替前文的vehicle。]
9．(2016·湖南浏阳一中期中)My wife is addicted to shopping on the Internet.________ seems that she can’t control herself well，just clicking constantly with the mouse.
答案 it [考查固定句型It seems that...好像……。]
10．(2015·济宁期末)She remembered how difficult ________ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
答案 it [考查代词it。根据句子结构可知，it在宾语从句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to choose...。]
11．(2015·九江期末)I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacturer who could deliver what I wanted，so I did it by ________．
答案 myself [考查反身代词。没有生产商愿意将我的想法生产出来，所以我就自己做了。by oneself独自，依靠自己。]
12．(2015·石家庄期中)It is said that a short－tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960－1279) was very anxious to help ________rice crop grow up quickly.
答案 his/the [考查形容词性物主代词。根据常识和主语a short－tempered man可知，这个性急的人希望帮助“他的”秧苗长得快。此处用the特指“他自己的庄稼”也可以。]
13．(2015·四川宜宾高中月考)Keeping in touch with our friends is an important part of friendship.This does not mean that ________ have to write or call our friends every day.
答案 we [考查人称代词。这并不意味着我们每天都必须给朋友写信或打电话。that引导的宾语从句中缺少主语，再结合our friends可知，此处要用主格we。]
14．(2014·甘肃张掖市诊断三)A Boeing 777 took off from Malaysia’s largest city of Kuala Lumpur at 0：41 am on March 8.________destination was Beijing.
答案 Its [考查形容词性物主代词。它的目的地是北京。作名词destination的定语要用代词its代指Boeing 777’s。]
15．(2014·河南开封二模)I will go to Liverpool on business tomorrow morning and now I have ________ to buy in the supermarket.
答案 something [考查不定代词。明天出差，现在我要去超市买些东西。something某物，一些东西。]
16．(2014·河北衡水中学一模)I’m so glad to see you，David.________ has been such a long time.How are you?
答案 It [考查代词it。已经有很长时间没见面了。这里表示“时间”要用It。]
17．(2016·北京海淀区期中)When I was pushed onto the stage, I felt all the eyes in the hall________me.
答案 on [考查介词。句意：当我被推上舞台，我觉得大厅里所有的眼睛盯着我。此处表示眼睛在我的身上，故用on。]
18．(2016·安庆一中模拟)Normally it’s necessary to know what pattern looks nice________the wall when picking the curtain.
答案 against [考查介词。句意：通常，挑选窗帘的时候知道哪种图案和墙搭配最好是很必要的。against 衬托，和……相照应，故填against。]
19．(2016·福建泉州三月质检)It’s burning hot today.Shall we rest in the shade ________these trees?
答案 under/beneath [考查介词。句意：今天真热。我们可以在树下的阴凉处休息吗？]
20．(2016·浙江瑞安八校联考)—Shall we go and help them with their work?
—We’d better not.They said we’d just be ________ the way if we tried to help.
答案 in [句意：——我们去帮他们的忙吗？——最好不要，如果我们帮忙，他们会说我们妨碍他们。in the way 妨碍；挡路。]
21．(2016·大连二十中期中)We must rely ________ our own efforts to create a better future for ourselves.
答案 on [考查固定搭配。rely on依赖。]
22．(2016·湖南浏阳一中期中)Nowadays，________ the development of technology，online shopping is becoming more and more convenient.
答案 with [考查固定搭配。with the development of...随着……的发展。]
23．(2015·河南十所名校联考)Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered.She found some good quality pipes ________ sale.
答案 on [考查介词搭配。句意：她发现一些优质的烟斗在出售中。固定短语on sale出售，廉价出售。]
24．(2015·安徽名校联考)But Mr.Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution ________ these villages without a local shop.
答案 to [考查介词搭配。句意：福克斯先生希望这个新的发明能给没有商店的村子提供一个解决的方法。固定表达offer sth to sb 向某人提供某物。]
25．(2015·四川成都外国语学校月考)Going to college helps build a strong mind，which leads ________ greater success in one’s life.
答案 to [考查介词搭配。句意：这能够导致人生中更大的成功。固定短语lead to导致。]
26．(2015·河北石家庄二中开学考)First，some of us are upset ________ their body styles and looks.
答案 about [考查固定搭配。句意：我们中的一些人对自己的体型和长相感到非常失望。be upset about对……感到沮丧/难过。]
27．(2015·吉林一中月考)The spirit then advised them to wrap the rice and bind it ________ throwing it into the river.
答案 before [考查介词。“将它裹好、绑好”应是在“将粽子扔进河里”之前。]
28．(2015·内蒙古师大附中月考)________ the first college graduate out of a remote village，my success set an example for my folks.
答案 As [考查介词。句意：作为第一个从山村里走出来的大学生，我的成功给我的同胞树立了榜样。as作为。]
29．(2015·宁夏银川一中月考)Brianna said that every day she would walk into kindergarten and see a smile ________ my face.
答案 on [考查固定搭配。a smile on one’s face脸上面带微笑。]
30．(2014·黑龙江大庆铁人中学模拟)They expect answers to get them back ________ their feet again.
答案 on [考查介词搭配。on one’s feet站立，get sb back on one’s feet跌倒后再爬起来。]
Ⅱ.语篇语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2015·石家庄质检)On Oct.6th, 2011, a piece of breaking news hit the world: Steve Jobs, the founder of the Apple Company, __1__(pass) away after years of battle against pancreatic cancer.I as well as many people __2__(be) sad at the news.We saw him make miracles again and again, and we hoped that he would always give us a surprise.We enjoy __3__(use) an iPod to listen to music and we like to play games with an iPad.We love to communicate with our friends by iPhone. __4__ seemed that Jobs always understood what we really wanted.So he could devote himself to his career by creating the amazing products constantly.But now he quietly left, __5__(leave) us a great pity.
U．S.President Barack Obama called Jobs a visionary __6__(lead) and one of the greatest U．S.innovators.He said in a statement, “Steve was brave enough to think differently, bold enough to believe he could change the world, and __7__(talent) enough to do it.”
Steve Jobs’ family said in a statement, “Steve died __8__(peace) today surrounded by his family.We are grateful for the support and kindness of those __9__ share our feelings for Steve.We know many of you will mourn with us, and we ask that you respect our privacy during our time __10__ grief.”
答案 1.passed 2.was 3.using 4.It 5.leaving
6．leader 7.talented 8.peacefully 9.who 10.of
创新导向题
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(关注one，that，it，those的指代内容)A scientist who can speak English is in closer touch with those of other countries than ________ who doesn’t.
答案 one [句意：一位能讲英语的科学家跟其他国家的科学家的联系要紧密得多，而不能用讲英语的科学家做不到。这句话中代表前面出现过的可数名词单数，泛指用one，这里的one代指前面的 a scientist。]
2．(关注nothing，none, nobody的区别)John has tried many ways to solve the physics problems, but ________ works.
答案 none [根据语境可知，此题应填代词none指代not any way。句意：约翰已经尝试了许多解决这些物理难题的方法，但是没有一种方法有效。]
3．(关注固定搭配中的it) You may depend on ________ that they will look after your daughter when you are away.
答案 it [考查形式宾语it的用法。句意：当你外出时他们可以照看你的女儿。这里depend on不能直接跟宾语，需在宾语从句前加it。]
4．(关注人称代词作同位语)To save class time，our teacher has ________ students do half the exercise in class and complete the other half for our homework.
答案 us [根据句意可知题干中的has为使役动词，后面需要代词宾格与students一起作宾语，us与students为同位关系。句意：为了节省时间，老师让我们学生在课堂上做完一半练习，另一半作为家庭作业。]
5．(关注指示代词的指代问题)—He got his first book published.It turned out to be a bestseller.
—When was ________ ?
—________ was in 2000 when he was still in college.
答案 that；It [第一个空用that指代上文的内容；第二个空是强调句型，只保留了前半部分It was in 2000 when he was still in college，省掉了that he got his first book published。句意：——他的第一本书出版了，非常畅销。——是什么时候的事？——是在2000年，当时他还在上大学。]
6．(关注介词和常用名词的固定搭配)The accident was my fault, so I had to pay for the damage ________ the other car.
答案 to [考查介词的固定搭配。句意：这次事故是我的过错，因此我不得不支付另外一辆车损坏的费用。名词damage和介词to连用，是固定用法。]
7．(关注不同介词和同一名词连用的辨析)The Kiwi fruits in this supermarket are ________ sale now, and they are sold ________ the pound.
答案 on；by [句意：这个超市的猕猴桃正在销售，它们是按磅来销售的。be on sale在销售；by the pound按磅销售，均为固定搭配。]
Ⅱ.语篇填空
A．阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求在空格处填入一个适当的代词。
Suddenly __1__the lights on that crowded underground train went out.Then __2__ stopped in that dark tunnel.We waited.We expected the lights to come on again.But __3__ happened.
Then I began to smell __4__．People around me then began to cry out in fear.“The train is on fire！”they cried.The woman standing next to me suddenly fell on the floor.I realized she was overcome by the smoke.Then I saw flames appearing.“If something does not happen soon，”I said to __5__，“I will be burnt alive！”But as I stood there in the dark in __6__ crowded burning train，I could see no way to escape.So I cried，“God，if __7__is not my time to die，please help me！”I heard a noise.It was on my right hand side.I at once began to push __8__ way forward to where that noise came from.For two hours I kept walking in that dark train tunnel.At last I saw a light in the distance.“Thank God！”I cried.“God must have a purpose for saving my life.He must want me to help __9__ people experience what he could do for__10__．”I decided.
答案 1.all 2.it 3.nothing 4.something 5.myself 6.that 7.it 8.my 9.other 10.them
B．用适当的介词填空。
What __1__ earth does happiness mean？I can’t give you its exact definition，but I’m sure if you love and help others，you’ll get it.
I’ll never forget an old lady.She lives __2__a small house alone.It’s said that her husband and her son died in a road accident years ago.Her life is bitter，but she often helps others __3__ a smile.Whenever it snows，she is always the first to clean the paths.
She looks __4__ several children living nearby.I am one of them.I often remember the stories she told us and her kind smile.Perhaps she is unlucky，but I think she is a happy person.Her life is full __5__ laughter and love.
But I’m sad to see some people getting their happiness __6__ bad ways.They talk noisily __7__ cinemas and meeting rooms; they destroy trees to enjoy themselves and they laugh __8__ others’ shortcomings.Perhaps they feel happy __9__that time， but they will never get true happiness because they have lost their personality already.
Now I know what happiness is.It means kindness，love and unselfishness.__10__ all，I have come to understand that bringing happiness to others is getting ourselves happiness.
答案 1.on 2.in 3.with 4.after 5.of 6.in 7.in 8.at 9.at 10.Above
专题二 代词和介词
2016～2012年各省市高考题(改编)
代 词
A卷 全国卷
单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(2016·全国Ⅰ，68)On my recent visit, I held a lively three－month－old twin that had been rejected by ________(it) mother.
答案 its [根据空格后的名词及前文中的a lively three－month－old twin可知要用形容词性物主代词。]
2．(2016·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.________
答案 your→our [考查形容词性物主代词的用法。根据前面的主语we可知，此处要用our，表示“我们能够开阔我们的视野”。]
3．(2016·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.________
答案 many→much [考查代词的用法。这样不会花很多钱。cost much花费很多。此处也可理解为much money的省略。]
4．(2016·全国Ⅲ，短文改错)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.________
答案 yourself →myself [根据句意，此处指“我自己”。]
5．(2016·全国Ⅲ，阅读D)No news is good news, and good news is no news.________are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.
答案 Those/These [根据句意：没消息就是好消息，好消息就是没消息。对于一些晚间播报和早报来说，这是(那是)经典法则。指代前面的两句话。]
6．(2015·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)We must find ways to protect your environment.________
答案 your→our [句意：我们必须找到方法来保护我们的环境。代词用法错误。这里应当是保护我们的环境。]
7．(2015·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)Five minutes later，Tony saw parents.________
答案 saw后加his [此处缺少代词所属格作定语。]
8．(2014·全国大纲，25)—Who’s that at the door?
—________is the milkman.
答案 It [本题考查代词。当对方不知是男是女时，用it。]
9．(2014·全国大纲，28)I think Mrs.Stark could be________between 50 and 60 years of age.
答案 anywhere [本题考查不定代词，该句是对Mrs.Stark可能所处的年龄段进行推测，故选用anywhere。]
10．(2014·全国大纲，短文改错)Otherwise, it is impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship last long.________
答案 him→them [此句考查代词，根据语境，彼此帮助应该是复数形式。]
11．(2014·全国Ⅱ，69)A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It’s________(I)”．
答案 me/mine [本题考查代词，根据上文主语it如果指的是人，用me，如果指的是箱子，则用名词性所属格mine。]
12．(2013·全国大纲，34)It’s an either－or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do________．
答案 both [根据句意：这是个只能选其一的情况，不可能两者同时做，前面有否定形式can’t，故此处用both。]
13．(2013·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town.________
答案 himself→him [此处代词不是做自身动作的承受者，不必用反身代词。 ]
14．(2012·全国Ⅰ，31)Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but________of them wants to, because they have work to do.
答案 neither [根据句意“两者都不愿意去”，选neither。]
15．(2012·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)When things did wrong, I got angry and broke it.________
答案 it→them [因为上文中things是复数，前后一致。]
B卷 地方卷
用适当的不定代词填空
1．(2016·北京，阅读A)For the first time, I feel good about ________ (me) because I’m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good.
答案 myself [根据句意：第一次，我因为自己做事情而自我感觉良好，而不是因为别人告诉我做得好。]
2．(2016·四川，七选五)Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries.However, women, on average, live longer.In general, ________can expect to live six or seven years more than men.
答案 they [根据句意：女人平均比男人活得年龄长，总体来说，她们有望比男人多活六七年。此处用they代替前文的women。]
3．(2016·四川，短文改错)When my father came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.________
答案 her→his [从句主语是my father, 因此物主代词形式用his。]
4．(2016·浙江，3)In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from________in the UK.
答案 that [考查代词。句意：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的不是非常的不同。代词 that 指代前文中出现的the education system。]
5．(2015·浙江，12)How would you like ________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
答案 it [句意：如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节目，这时有人进来没有征求你的意见就把电视关了，你会怎么想？固定表达how would you like it if...，在此结构中it代替后面if句的内容。]
6．(2015·重庆，2)The meeting will be held in September, but ________ knows the date for sure.
答案 nobody [句意：会议将在九月召开，但是没人知道具体日期。句中的关键词为but，表转折，故nobody (没有人)符合句意。]
7．(2015·陕西，13)To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the ________．
答案 other [句意：为了让自己暖和起来，这个水手坐在火堆旁，光着脚，用一只脚搓另一只脚。表示两者中的一个，另一个，用one...the other...。]
8．(2015·四川，10)Niki is always full of ideas，but________is useful to my knowledge.
答案 none [句意：Niki总是有很多想法，但是没有一个想法对我的知识有用。三者或三者否定以上用none，可指人也可指物。]
9．(2015·天津，2)The quality of education in this small school is better than ________ in some larger schools.
答案 that [句意：这所规模较小的学校的教育质量比一些规模较大的学校的教育质量好得多。表示比较时，指代前面的quality of education要用that，为了避免重复，that可以代替前面提到的不可数名词。]
10．(2015·福建，21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but ________ contained any useful suggestions.
答案 neither [句意：这个研究组发布了以调查为基础的两个报道，但是都没有有用的建议。考查代词。根据句意，两者都不用neither。]
11．(2014·安徽，24)You can ask anyone for help.________ here is willing to lend you a hand.
答案 Everyone [考查不定代词。句意：你可以向任何一个人求助。在这里的每一个人都会给予你帮助。根据前句中的anyone，可知填everyone。]
12．(2014·江西，32)—When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon?
—________．I’ll be in all day.
答案 Either [根据“in the morning or afternoon”“我全天都在家里。”可知答案应填Either。]
13．(2014·四川，1)She’d lived in London and Manchester，but she liked ________ and moved to Cambridge.
答案 neither [题干的意思是“她在伦敦和曼彻斯特都住过，可是这两座城市她都不喜欢，就搬到剑桥去了。”由此意可知要用neither(两者都不)。]
14．(2014·重庆，1)A smile costs ________，but gives much.
答案 nothing [考查不定代词用法。句意：微笑虽然不用花费什么，但意义却是巨大的。]
15．(2014·山东，4)Susan made________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
答案 it [句意：苏珊向我清楚地表达了她希望过自己的新生活。此处用it作形式宾语，that从句作真正的宾语。]
16．(2014·陕西，21)I’d appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
答案 it [句意：如果你能提前告诉我你来不来，我将非常感激。I’d appreciate it if you could...为固定句型，it代指if引导的从句。]
17．(2013·辽宁，29)To her joy，Della earned first the trust of her students and then ________ of her colleagues.
答案 that [句意：Della先赢得了学生的信任，然后赢得了同事的信任。此处用于替代单数可数名词或不可数名词trust，故用that。如果代替可数复数名词用those或the ones。]
18．(2013·山东，21)I’ve lived in New York and Chicago，but don’t like ________ of them very much.
答案 either [句意：我在纽约和芝加哥都居住过，但这两个地方我都不喜欢。短语not...either＝neither(两者都不)。]
19．(2013·天津，12)At our factory there are a few machines similar to ________ described in this magazine.
答案 those [句意：在我们工厂有一些与这份杂志中描述相似的机器。those替代可数名词复数。]
20．(2013·四川，2)The traffic on the main street has a longer green signal than ________ on the small ones.
答案 that [通常可以用that替代单数可数名词或不可数名词。此处the traffic为不可数名词，故用that来替代。]
介 词
A卷 全国卷
单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(2016·全国Ⅰ，64) My connection with pandas goes back ________ my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s.
答案 to [go back to为固定短语，意思是“回到，追溯到”。]
2．(2016·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.________
答案 在dreams之后加上of或about [固定短语dream of/about (doing) sth的意思是“梦想做某事”。]
3．(2016·全国Ⅱ，44)Most of us are more focused________our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
答案 on [考查介词的用法。很多人早晨的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。固定短语be focused on专心于，集中于。]
4．(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读A)Are you interested ________ becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)?
答案 in [be interested in...对……感兴趣，固定搭配。]
5．(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读B)Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test ________ the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.
答案 at [at the beginning of...在……开始。]
6．(2016·全国Ⅲ，50)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India, for example, most people traditionally eat________their hands.
答案 with [考查介词。固定短语：with one’s hands 用某人的手。]
7．(2016·全国Ⅲ，短文改错)Now I am leaving home to college.At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.________
答案 to→ for [ 固定搭配 leave...for 离开……去……。]
8．(2015·全国Ⅰ，66)For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away________car and offers all the scenery of the better－known city.
答案 by [句意：乘汽车只需要1个小时。by car乘汽车。]
9．(2015·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.________
答案 on→with [句意：随着工业化的发展。短语搭配错误。短语with the development of随着……的发展。]
10．(2015·全国Ⅱ，67)________the same time, they warm up again for the night.
答案 At [固定搭配at the same time。]
11．(2015·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)Tony saw a toy on a shop window.________
答案 on→in [介词搭配，在橱窗里用in。]
12．(2014·全国大纲，29)September 30 is the day ________ which you must pay your bill.
答案 by [本题考查介词搭配。根据句意，九月三十号是付账单的最后期限，应为“到……为止”之意，故用by。]
13．(2014·全国大纲，短文改错)The more friends we have, the more we can learn for one another.________
答案 for→from [本题考查固定搭配。learn...from“从……处学得”之意。]
14．(2014·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)Nearly five years ago，and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden.________
答案 by→of [本题表示所属关系，用of。]
15．(2014·全国Ⅱ，64)When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board.I got a place next ________ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.
答案 to [考查介词搭配，next to“靠近”之意。]
16．(2014·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)Therefore, we have more time with after－school activities.________
答案 with→for [介词错误。]
17．(2013·全国大纲，31)A serious study of physics is impossible ________ some knowledge of mathematics.
答案 without [ 根据句意：没有数学知识，严肃的物理研究是不可能的。可知此处用without。]
18．(2013·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)He was tall, with broad shoulders and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years.________
答案 towards→to [此处是介词错误，from...to...是固定搭配。]
19．(2013·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)Interestingly, it had a connection by the British porcelain(瓷器) industry.________
答案 by→with/to [与前文的connection构成固定搭配。]
20．(2012·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)“That’s it.No more toys to you.”________
答案 to→for [对某人而言，用for。]
B卷 地方卷
用适当的介词或介词短语填空
1．(2016·北京，阅读A)In high school, I became curious ________ the computer, and built my first website.
答案 about [考查固定搭配be curious about...对……好奇。]
2．(2016·四川，阅读B)Find an issue you are interested in and learn more.Volunteer or, if you can, contribute a little money ________a cause.
答案 to [考查固定搭配contribute...to...向……捐献。]
3．(2016·四川，67)The mother continued to care for the young panda________more than two years.
答案 for [妈妈继续照顾年轻的熊猫两年多的时间。for＋一段时间。]
4．(2016·江苏，33)Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage________the opportunity to join sports teams.
答案 of [考查动词短语。句意：父母应积极督促孩子抓住机会加入运动队。take advantage of利用。]
5．(2016·江苏，阅读D)Shelly－Ann is a little woman ________ a big smile.She has mental toughness that did not come about by chance.
答案 with [用with表示带着微笑。]
6．(2016·浙江，6)That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help .________short, he’s reliable.
答案 In [考查介词短语辨析。句意：那个年轻人诚实，合作，总是在你需要他的时候帮助你。总之，他很可靠。 in short “总之”。]
7．(2016·浙江，7)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up ________influence the basic processes by which we see world around us.
答案 in [考查介词。句意：研究表明，我们成长的文化影响我们看我们周围的世界的基本过程。we grow up in 是定语从句，省略了引导词that/which，与cultures搭配用in，故填介词 in。]
8．(2015·江苏，27)The university started some new language programs to cater ________ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.
答案 for [句意：大学开始开设一些新的语言项目，以迎合中国的丝绸之路经济带。固定表达cater for 迎合，满足所需。]
9．(2015·江苏，29)The whole team count ________ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.
答案 on [句意：整个团队依靠Cristians Ronaldo，他很少让他们失望。固定表达count on依靠，指望。]
10．(2015·江苏，34)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but ________ Thomas Edison.
答案 for [句意：如果没有托马斯·爱迪生的话，我们现在所受益的许多东西是不会出现的。but for如果没有的话。]
11．(2015·浙江，3)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ________ animals both on land and sea?
答案 to [句意：你听说过既可生长在陆地上又可生长在海里的可作为动物家园的树吗？固定表达home to...是……的家园或故乡。]
12．(2015·浙江，10)Most people work because it’s unavoidable.________ contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work.
答案 By [句意：大多数人工作是因为无法避免，相比之下，也有一些人真的喜欢工作。固定表达by contrast相比之下。]
13．(2015·浙江，11)We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal ________ our emotions than for straight facts.
答案 to [句意：我们倾向于对令感官兴奋的或吸引我们情感的东西记忆深刻。固定表达appeal to对……有吸引力。]
14．(2015·浙江，17)These comments came in response ________ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
答案 to [句意：这些解释是对当地记者经常询问的特定问题的回应。固定表达in response to作为对……的回答，作为对……的反应。]
15．(2015·湖北，30)This meeting room is a non－smoking area.I would like to warn you ________ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.
答案 in [句意：这个会议室是禁烟区。我想提前警告你，如果你吸烟，你会被罚款的。固定表达in advance预先，提前。]
16．(2015·重庆，10)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃ ________ the average.
答案 above [句意：去年是有记录以来最热的一年，比全球平均气温高0.68度。above 高于，在……之上，符合句意。]
17．(2015·陕西，12)The little pupil took his grandma ________ the arm and walked her across the street.
答案 by [句意：这个小学生挎着奶奶的胳膊，扶着她穿过了马路。考查介词。动词＋sb＋介词＋the＋人体部位，是惯用法，根据身体的不同的部位变化介词，如：pat sb on the head，hit sb in the face等。]
18．(2015·安徽，33)They believe that there are transport developments ________the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better.
答案 around [句意：他们认为即将到来的交通发展将会带来很多好的方面的变化。 考查介词短语搭配，around the corner即将来临。]
19．(2015·福建，22)A common memory they all have ________ their school days is the school uniform.
答案 of [句意：在他们上学的日子中，一个共同的记忆就是校服。考查介词。of表示“在……其中的。”]
20．(2015·福建，32)Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live ________ harmony with nature.
答案 in [句意：人类被认为是自然的一部分，同样，我们要生存下去的唯一方式，就是要与大自然和谐相处。考查介词短语。in harmony with与……和谐。]
21．(2014·江西，33)It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life ________ his great wealth.
答案 despite [由关键词“unbelievable”、“simple”和“great wealth”可知这里表达“让步”关系。despite(尽管)与语境吻合。]
22．(2014·北京，23)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ________ half an hour.
答案 in [句意：简匆匆忙忙的，因为去往机场的火车半个小时之后就离开了。in加上一段时间和一般将来时连用，表示的是一段时间以后。]
23．(2014·陕西，14)The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.
答案 with [考查介词。句意：这位蓝眼睛的苏格兰女孩在第五届汉语演讲大赛中获得了一等奖。with表示“有”。]
24．(2014·浙江，17)People won’t pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying ________ expression.
答案 for [考查介词用法。句意：当人们仍有自己的想法想表达出来时，他们不会注意到你的。此处的for表目的。]
25．(2013·山东，34)The Smiths are praised ________ the way they bring up their children.
答案 for [考查介词的用法。句意：史密斯夫妇因为他们教育孩子的方法而受到了称赞。be praised for...为固定搭配，此处表示原因，符合句意。]
26．(2013·北京，26)I have an appointment________Dr.Smith, but I need to change it.
答案 with [句意：我跟史密斯医生有个约会，但我得改了。have an appointment with sb是固定短语，意思是“与某人有约会”。]
27．(2013·辽宁，25)________behalf of everyone here，I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.
答案 On [句意：我谨代表大家衷心祝愿你归国旅途愉快。on behalf of代表。]
28．(2012·江西，34)He seems to be giving the impression that he didn’t enjoy himself in Paris.________ the contrary，he had a wonderful time.
答案 On [句意：他给人的印象似乎是在巴黎玩得不开心。与此相反，他在那儿非常愉快。on the contrary与此相反，正相反。]
