Unit 4 Digital life课文语法讲解（学案）2025新外研版八年级英语上册

2025新外研版八年级英语上册Unit 4课文语法讲解
A部分
1.What will digital life be like in the future 未来的数字生活将会是什么样的？
【用法讲解】句式“What + be动词 + sth. /sb. like ”译为“某物/人是什么样的？”，该句式用来询问某物的性质，在询问某人时常常是询问人的性格、品质等。
注意：此句中的like为介词，译为“像”
Eg: -- What’s your room like
你的学校是什么样的？
-- It's small and nice.
它小且漂亮。
-- What’s your sister like
你姐姐怎么样？
-- She is very friendly.
她很友好。
【知识拓展】在询问“某人外貌”时，常用“What do/does + sb. + look like ”的结构询问。
Eg: -- What does your sister look like
你姐姐长什么样？
-- She has big eyes.
她长着大眼睛。
【即学即用】
(1)-- _______ is your classroom _______ in England
-- It’s small but nice.
A.What; like B. How; like
C. What; look like D. How; look like
答案： A
2.You will hold a debate on digital life. 你们将围绕数字生活展开一场辩论。
【用法讲解】hold为动词时，还可译为“抓住、保持、支撑、举办、控制、坚持住”；on在此处为介词，译为“关于”，相当于about。
Eg: He held his father’s hand.
他牵着爸爸的手。
Hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
Hold the weight 承受重量
Our school will hold a competition next week.
我们学校下周将举办比赛。
Hold back tears 忍住眼泪
【常见搭配】 hold off 推迟、拒绝
Hold up 延迟、举起、支撑得主
Eg: Could you hold off your decision until next week
你可以推迟到下星期再做决定吗？
Those who are in favor please hold up their hands.
如果赞成，就请举手。
You got to hold up my end of this deal!
你开始支撑我结束交易！
【即学即用】
( )1. Could you ________ your decision until next week
A.hold off B. hold up C. hold on D. hold to
答案： A
3.What problems did the writer come across 作者遇到了什么问题？
【用法讲解】 come across为动词短语，译为“偶然遇见某人”或“偶然发现某物”。
Eg: I came across an old friend in the park yesterday.
我在公园里偶然遇见了一个老朋友。
I came across a valuable book in the library.
我在图书馆里偶然发现了一本有价值的书。
【同义词】 bump into译为“偶然遇见”；stumble upon译为“偶然发现”。
Eg: I bumped into my teacher in the supermarket.
我在超市偶然遇见了我的老师。
I stumbled upon an old photo album in the attic.
我在阁楼里偶然发现了一本旧相册。
【即学即用】
1.昨天购物时我偶然遇见了一位老朋友。
I ________ ________ an old friend while shopping yesterday.
答案：came across
4.I’ve been back in the UK for three days, but it feels like a century.
我回到英国已经三天了，但感觉就像过了一个世纪。
【用法讲解】 feel在此处为系动词，译为“感觉起来”；feel还可作动词，译为“感觉、觉得、摸索”。
Eg: You’ll feel better after a good night’s sleep.
你晚上睡个好觉就会觉得舒服些。
It felt strange to be back in my old school.
我回到母校有一种生疏的感觉。
He felt in his pockets for some money.
他在口袋里摸着想找些钱。
【常见搭配】 feel like 感觉像/想要做
Feel about... 对...有何看法
Feel sorry for... 对...感到同情
Feel up to ... 有精力做某事
Feel down 感到沮丧
Eg: I feel like going for a walk.
我想要散步。
How do you feel about the new movie
你对新电影有什么看法？
I feel sorry for the sick people.
我对生病的人感到同情。
Do you feel up to going for a walk
你有精力去散步吗？
He’s been feeling down lately.
他最近情绪低落
【即学即用】
1.这块布料摸起来像丝绸。
The fabric _______ ________ silk.
答案：feels like
5.It’s amazing to see my family. 能见到家人真是太棒了。
【用法详解】amazing在此处为形容词，译为“惊人的、了不起的”，常常用来修饰物；
Eg: It was amazing to see the Great Wall of China for the first time.
第一次看到长城真的让人惊叹。
amazed亦为形容词，译为“感到惊讶的”，常常用来修饰人；
【常见搭配】 be amazed at/by sth. 对某事感到惊讶
Be amazed to do sth. 因做某事而感到惊讶
Eg: I was amazed by the size of the ocean.
我被大海的浩瀚所惊奇。
I was amazed to find such a rare book here.
在这里发现这么一本罕见的书，我很惊讶。
amazement为名词，译为“惊讶、惊异”。
【常见搭配】 to one’s amazement 让某人惊讶的是
In amazement 惊讶地
Eg: To my amazement, I came first.
令我感到惊讶的是，我第一个到了。
He looked at me in amazement.
惊讶地看着我。
【即学即用】
( )1. He is _______ this news.
A.amaze to hear B. amazed to hear
C. amazing to hear D. amazed to hearing
答案：B
6.I decided to ride a shared bike to get there. 我决定骑共享单车去。
【用法讲解】decide为动词，译为“决定”。
Eg: Before I decide, I need time to reflect.
在作出决定以前，我需要时间认真考虑。
【常见搭配】decide to do sth. 决定做某事
Decide on/upon sth. 决定某事
Eg: We decided to go to the movies together.
我们决定一起去看电影。
She decided upon a career in medicine.
她决定从事医学事业。
【派生词】decision为可数名词，其复数形式为decisions。
Eg: The committee discussed several decisions in the meeting.
委员会在会议上讨论了几个决定。
【常见搭配】 make a decision 做决定
Eg: Finally, they made a decision to go there by plane.
最终，他们做出决定坐飞机去那。
【即学即用】
1.They made an important ________ (decide) yesterday.
答案：decision
7.But it took forever to find a bike! 但是我花了好久才找到一辆自行车！
【用法讲解】 take为动词，译为“带走、花费”，其过去式为took，过去分词为taken。
【常见搭配】 take sb. to 地点 带某人去某地
It takes sb. 时间 to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事
Take a walk 散步
Take one’s advice 接受某人意见
Eg: Please take this book to your room.
请把这本书拿到你的房间。
It takes me twenty minutes to get to the station.
到车站花了我二十分钟。
Let’s take a walk after dinner.
让我们晚饭后去散步吧。
I will take your advice.
我会接收你的建议。
【知识拓展】 四种花费
(1)花时间做某事
It + takes sb. + 时间+ to do sth.
= 人 + spend + 时间 + doing sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
Eg: It took me an hour to finish my homework last night.
= I spent an hour finishing my homework last night.
昨晚我花了一个小时完成作业。
(2)花钱买某物
人spend 钱 on sth. = sth. cost 人 + 钱 = pay 钱 for sth. 付款买某物
Eg: I paid five hundred yuan for this bike.
= I spent five hundred yuan on this bike.
= This bike cost me five hundred yuan.
我花500元买这辆自行车。
【即学即用】
( )1. He _______ three hours finishing his homework last night.
A.spent B. cost C. took D. paid
2.It took me a lot of time ________ (learn) English well.
答案：1. A 2. to learn
8.But that 15-minute ride cost me an arm and a leg -- more than five pounds!
但是这15分钟的行程花了我一大笔钱--五磅多！
【用法讲解】“15-minute”为一个常见的复合形容词形式，通常作定语修饰名词，该复合形容词相当于“15 minutes’”。
注意：连字符不可省略；minute不可用复数。
Eg: I have a 15 - minute break between classes.
我在课间有15分钟休息时间。
【即学即用】
( )1. She took a ___________ in the park every morning.
A.15 minutes walk
B. 15 - minutes walk
C. 15 minute walk
D. 15-minute walk
答案：D
9.I asked the shopkeeper to show the QR code, but she didn’t understand!
我让店主出示二维码，但他不懂！
【用法讲解】 ask为动词，译为“询问、请求”。
【常见搭配】 ask a question 问问题
Ask about sth. 询问某事
Ask (sb.) for sth. 请求某事
Ask (sb.) (not) to do sth. 要求（某人）（不）做某事
Ask if/ whether 从句 询问某事是否...
Eg: She asked a question during the meeting.
会议期间她问了一个问题。
He asked about your trip to Japan.
他询问去日本旅游的事。
You can ask me for help if you have any problems.
如果你有任何问题可以向我寻求帮助。
They asked me to help with the project.
他们要求我帮忙这个项目。
She asked if I was coming to the party.
她问是否我会来派对。
【即学即用】
1.你可以向艾米的父母寻求帮助。
You can _______ Amy’s parents _______ ________.
( )2. My mum asked me _________ my homework before dinner.
A.to finish B. finishing C. finish D. to finish
答案：1. ask; for help 2. A
10.Next, I tried to use my digital wallet, but the shop’s payment system didn’t work.
接下来，我试着使用数字钱包，但商店的支付系统无法使用。
【用法讲解】
Try为动词，译为“尝试、试图”；try也可为名词，译为“尝试、努力”。
【常见搭配】 try to do sth. 努力做某事
Try doing sth. 尝试做某事
Try ... on 试穿...
Try out 试验、试用
Try one’s best to do sth. 尽全力做某事
Have a try 试一试
Eg: He tried to finish the work before the deadline.
他在截止日期前尽力完成工作。
I want to try swimming.
我想尝试游泳。
Can I try on these shoes
我可以试穿这些鞋子吗？
They are trying out a new software program.
他们正在使用一款新的软件程序。
I will try my best to meet the deadline.
我会尽全力在截至日期前完成。
Why not have a try and see if you can do it
为什么不试一试看看你能否做到呢？
work可为名词，译为“工作”；work也可为动词，译为“工作、起作用、运转”。
Eg: He works in a factory.
他在一家工厂工作。
The medicine doesn’t work.
这药不起作用。
The machine works well.
这台机器运转良好。
【常见搭配】 work hard 努力工作/学习
Work on 从事于
At work 在工作
Go to work 去上班
Work for 为...工作/效力
Eg: You will have to work hard if you are to succeed.
要想有所作为，你必须努力工作。
He is working on a new project.
他正在致力于一个新项目。
He’s at work now.
他现在在工作。
She goes to work by bus every day.
她每天坐公交上班。
She works for a non - profit organization.
她为一家非盈利组织工作。
【派生词】works为名词，译为“作品、著作”
Eg: the works of Shakespeare
莎士比亚的作品
【即学即用】
1.Everyone must try his best __________ (finish) the task on time.
2.The gallery has 2000 ________ (work) of modern art.
答案：1. to finish 2.works
11.As I always make digital payments in China, I never carry my wallet.
由于我在中国总是用数字支付的方式，所以我从不带钱包。
【用法详解】 as在此处为连词，译为“因为、由于”，还可译为“按照、当...时候、虽然”；as还可为介词，译为“像...一样”；as也可为副词，译为“像...一样”。
Eg: As he was tired, he went to bed early.
因为他累了，所以他很早就上床睡觉了。
Do as I do, and you’ll succeed.
照我做的那样做，你就会成功。
As I was walking down the street, I saw a cat.
当我在街上走的时候，我看到了一只猫。
Young as he is, he has been one of the most famous painters in our country.
虽然他还很年轻，但已经成为我们国家最有名的画家之一。
She dressed as a princess for the party.
她为派对打扮得像公主一样。
You’re as tall as your father.
你和你父亲一样高。
【即学即用】
( )1. _____ we all know, practice makes perfect.
A.As B. Like C. Because D. Because of
答案： 1. A
12.When I got home, I was so tired that I gave up on cooking.
到家时，我非常疲倦，因此放弃了做饭的想法。
【用法讲解】
“so + 形容词/副词 + that从句”结构译为“如此...以至于...”，用来表示因果关系，强调结果或影响。
Eg: The movie was so interesting that we didn’t notice the time passing.
电影太有趣了，以至于我们没有注意到时间的流逝。
【知识拓展】 “such + 形容词 + 名词 + that从句”结构也译为“如此...以至于...”，与“so...that...”结构的区别在于是否中间存在名词。
Eg: She was such a clever girl that she could understand.
= She was so clever that she could understand.
她是如此聪明的女孩以至于她可以读懂。
注意：如果such后面的名词是由many、much、few、little等修饰的话，则只能用so。
Eg: There are so many books here that I don’t have place to stand.
这有如此多的书以至于我没有站的地方了。
give up为动词短语，其后常接名词、代词或动名词形式。
Eg: He finally gave up the fight.
他最终放弃了战斗。
He gave it up. 他放弃了它。
She had to give up playing tennis because of her injury.
由于受伤，她不得不放弃打网球。
【知识拓展】 give常见搭配
Give away 捐赠、泄露
Give back 归还
Give out 分发、用完、耗尽
Eg: The old lady gave away kinds of new books to the city library.
这位老夫人向图书馆赠送了各种新书。
Don’t give away top secrets to anyone.
不要把最高机密泄露给任何人。
Please give my notebook back to me.
请把笔记本还给我。
The teacher has already given out the exam papers.
老师已经分发好试卷。
【即学即用】
( )1. The camera is _______ expensive _______ I can’t afford it.
A.so; that B. such; that C. so; as to D. enough; that
( )2. To my surprise, he could get over ________ difficult problems that he succeeded at last.
A.so many B. such many C. so few D. such few
3.她因为受伤不得不放弃打网球。
She had to _______ _______ _______ tennis because of her injury.
答案： 1. A; 2. A 3. give up playing
B部分
1.I ordered my favourite dishes through an app instead, but the delivery was really slow.
我改用了一个应用程序点了我最喜欢的菜，但是送餐速度非常慢。
【用法讲解】 order作名词，可译为“订单、顺序”；order作动词，也可译为“命令、订购”等。
Eg: The books are arranged in alphabetical order.
这些书按字母顺序排列。
I placed an order for a new computer.
我订购了一台新电脑。
The doctor ordered the patient to rest.
医生命令病人休息。
I ordered 500 pairs of shoes from the factory.
我向这家工厂订购了500双鞋。
【常见搭配】 Out of order 故障或不正常
In order to do sth. （=so that) 为了做某事
Eg: The printer is out of order.
这台打印机坏了。
I study hard in order to get a good job.
= I study hard so that I can get a good job.
我努力学习是为了找到好工作。
【易混辨析】 through、across和over区别
through常常表示在空间内进行的，强调从物体内部穿过；
across常常表示动作在物体表面进行的，强调从一端到另一端；
Over强调方向性，不与物体表面接触，还有数量上“超过”的意思。
Eg: This train goes through to York.
这列火车直达约克。
It’s too wide. We can’t swim across.
这太宽了，我们游不过去。
The car skidded off the road and rolled over and over.
汽车滑出路面不断翻滚。
【即学即用】
1.为了提高英语，我已经开始了英语课程。
I have started an English course ______ _______ ______ improve my English.
( )2. The road goes ______ the forest.
A.cross B. across C. through D. over
答案： 1. in order to 2. C
2.However, I’m looking forward to going back to China. 不过，我很期待回中国。
【用法讲解】
Look forward to (doing) sth. 译为“盼望（做）某事”，需要特别注意look forward to后接动词时必须用doing形式。
Eg: I’m looking forward to the weekend.
我期待周末的到来。
She is looking forward to studying abroad.
她期待着去国外学习。
go back译为“回到”，其同义词为return；后面可接“to + 地点”结构。
注意：当地点为home/ here/ there等地点副词时，需省略to。
Eg: We will go back to Beijing tomorrow.
= We will return to Beijing tomorrow.
我们明天回北京。
【即学即用】
1.我期待尽快收到你的来信。
I ________ _________ _______ _______ from you soon.
2.We went back to Shanghai last week. (改为同义句)
We _______ ______ _______ last week.
答案： 1. look forward to hearing 2. returned to Shanghai
3.Shared bikes were hard to find and expensive. 共享单车很难找到而且很贵。
【用法讲解】 此句中hard形容词，译为“难的”；也可译为“坚固的、结实的”；也可为副词，译为“努力地、猛烈地”。
Eg: It rained hard in the summer of 2021.
2021年夏天的那场雨下得很猛烈。
It’s very hard to maintain a relationship.
维持一段关系是很困难的。
After the earthquake, the new building is still standing there. It is very hard.
地震过后，那座新的大楼依然屹立不倒，它很坚固。
Most importantly, you must work hard to catch up.
最为重要的是，你必须努力学习，迎头赶上。
【常见搭配】 be hard to do sth. 做某事很难
Eg: Swimming is hard to learn for beginners.
游泳对初学者来说很难学。
【派生词】 hardly为副词，译为“几乎不”；
harden为动词，译为“变硬”。
Eg: I could hardly believe my luck when he said yes.
听她说行，我几乎不敢相信自己会这么走运。
The metal hardens when it is cooled.
金属冷却时会变硬。
【即学即用】
( )1. Writing a novel is hard _________ without inspiration.
A.do B. doing C. to do D. to doing
答案：C
4.I love checking out cool pictures and posts on social media.
我喜欢在社交媒体上查看很酷的照片和帖子。
【用法讲解】
check为动词，译为“检查”；check还可作名词，译为“支票”，其复数形式为checks。
Eg: Please check your answers before submitting the exam.
请在提交试卷前核对答案。
You always have to go through security checks at the airport.
你总是要在机场通过安全检查。
I wrote a check for the purchase of a new car.
我开了一张支票用于购买新车。
【常见搭配】 check in 报到、登记
Check out 结账离开、检验
Check over 仔细检查
Eg: We need to check in by 6 pm.
我们需要在下午6点前办理入住手续。
They checked out this morning.
他们今天早上办理了退房手续。
The doctor checked over the patient’s condition.
医生仔细检查了病人的病情。
post在此处为动词，译为“张贴、公布”；post还可为名词，译为“岗位、职位”。
Eg: The company posted a job advertisement on its website.
公司在其网站上张贴了一份招聘广告。
He has been working at the same post for over ten years.
他在同一个岗位上工作了十多年。
【常见搭配】 post office 邮局
By post 通过邮寄的方式
Post sth. online 在网上发布某物
Eg: There is a post office near my home.
我家附近有一所邮局。
I sent a letter by post yesterday.
我昨天邮寄了一封信。
【即学即用】
1.我们需要在中午前退房。
We need to _______ _______ of the hotel by noon.
2.She p________ a notice on the bulletin board.
答案： 1. check out 2. posted
5.They allow me to stay in touch with my friends and share happy moments.
它们让我和朋友们保持练习，分享快乐的时刻。
【用法讲解】 stay in touch with...译为“与某人保持联系”，其同义词组为keep in touch with...。
Eg: Please stay in touch with me when you’re abroad.
你出国后请和我保持联系。
【即学即用】
( )1. Email is one of the great ways to __________ friends.
A.take pride in B. keep clear of
C. get into the habit of D. stay in touch with
答案： D
6.I took some interesting courses on traditional Chinese painting on an app.
我在一个应用程序上学习了一些有趣的中国传统绘画课程。
【用法讲解】
take courses译为“参加课程”，常于介词on或in搭配，指明课程的具体内容和领域。
Eg: Students from one institution may take courses at the others.
来自其中一个机构的学生可以参加另外两个机构的课程。
on可以为介词，译为“在...之上”、“关于”、“在...时候”等；on也可为副词，译为“继续着”等。
Eg: The book is on the table.
书在桌子上。
We had a discussion on the topic of climate change.
我们就气候变化这个话题进行了讨论。
We have a meeting on Friday.
我们星期五有个会议。
The concert is on at 8 pm.
音乐会晚上8点开始。
The light was on when I left the room.
我离开房间时灯是亮的。
【即学即用】
1.他正在考虑这学期选修计算机课程。
He is thinking of ________ _____ ________ ________ this semester.
( )2. The movie will be ______ next Friday.
A.on B. in C. with D. at
答案：A
7.They guided me to paint bamboos step by step from the very beginning.
它们从一开始就一步一步地指导我画竹子。
【用法讲解】 guide为可数名词，其复数形式为guides，译为“导游、指南、手册”；还可为动词“给某人领路、指导”。
Eg: She wrote a guide to healthy eating.
她写了一本健康饮食指南。
The guide led us through the ancient temple.
导游带领我们参观了古庙。
He guided the tourists around the museum.
他带领游客参观博物馆。
【常见搭配】 tour guide 导游
Guide sb. to 地点 领某人去某地
guide sb. in doing sth. 指导某人做某事
Be guided by sth./ sb. 受...的指导/引导
User guide 用户指南/使用说明书
Follow one’s guide 听从某人的指引
Guide line 准则、指导方针
guide away 引导离开
Eg: The coach guided the team to victory.
教练带领球队取得了胜利。
We should be guided by facts and not by rumors.
我们应该以事实为依据，而不是听信谣言。
Please read the user guide before using his product.
请在使用本产品前阅读用户指南。
Just follow my guide, and you won’t get lost.
只要听我的指引，你就不会迷路。
The company follows strict guide lines in its operations.
公司在运营中严格遵守指导方针。
Police guided the crowd away from the accident.
警察疏散人群离开事故现场。
【即学即用】
(1)Miss Wang guided us _____ the Great Wall.
A.at B. in C. to D. with
答案： C
8.Such apps also encouraged me to explore other fun knowledge.
这样的应用程序还鼓励我去探险其它有趣的知识。
【用法讲解】 encourage为动词，译为“鼓励”。
Eg: I have always encouraged him.
我一直鼓励他。
【常见搭配】 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
Eg: My parents always encourage me to follow my dreams.
我的父母总是鼓励我追随自己的梦想。
【派生词】 其名词形式为encouragement，译为“鼓励”
Eg: She was given every encouragement to try something new.
她得到充分的鼓励去尝试新事物。
【即学即用】
1.Our teacher often encourages us ________ (speak) English as much as possible.
答案：to speak
9.But you have to be careful and not get too caught up in it.
但是你必须小心谨慎，不要太沉迷其中给。
【用法讲解】
careful为形容词，译为“小心的、仔细的、认真的”。
【常见搭配】 be careful of/ about sth. 当心...
Be careful to do sth. 小心做某事
Be careful with ... 小心保管好...
Eg: Be careful of dog, it sometimes bites people.
当心那条狗，它有时候咬人。
You must be careful to avoid being caught.
你必须小心，不要被抓到。
Be careful with that -- it cost a lot of money.
小心别弄坏那东西，它可值钱了。
【派生词】 carefully为副词，译为“认真地、仔细地”；
careless为形容词，译为“粗心的、马虎的”；
care为动词，译为“关心”。
Eg: He read the letter carefully.
他仔细阅读了那封信。
He is a careless driver.
他是一个粗心的司机。
I don't care that he’s late.
我不在乎他迟到。
Get too caught up in ...用于描述某人过度沉迷或纠缠于某事的状态，caught up在此处表示“被...缠到”或“陷入”。in it中的it指代前面提到的具体事物或情况。
Eg: Don’t get too caught up in your work and forget to take care of yourself.
不要过于沉溺于工作而忘记照顾自己。
【即学即用】
1.请小心保管好你的东西。
Please _______ ________ _______ your things.
2.If you look _______ (careful) you can just see our house from here.
3.不要过于纠结小时，要关注大局。
Don’t _______ _______ ______ _____ ______ the small stuff, focus on the big picture.
答案：1. be careful with 2. carefully 3. get too caught up in
10.They have grown up with the Internet, apps and smartphones.
他们在互联网、应用程序和智能手机的陪伴下成长。
【用法讲解】 grow up为动词短语，译为“成长”。
Eg: Children grow up so fast. 孩子们长得真快。
【知识拓展】Grow为动词，译为“生长、成长、种植、发展、变得、产生”等，其过去式为grew，其过去分词为grown。
Eg: I’ve decided to let my hair grow.
我已决定留长发。
Plants need sunlight and water to grow.
植物需要阳光和水才能生长。
The economy continues to grow.
经济持续增长。
He grew more confident as he spoke.
他说话时变得越来越自信。
A closeness grew up between the two girls.
这两个女孩的关系越来越亲密。
【易混辨析】 become, turn, go, grow和get的区别
Become译为“变得”，强调变化过程的完成及身份的变化；
Turn译为“变得”，强调变化的结果，侧重颜色、方向或状态的变化；
go译为“变得”，强调由好变坏；
grow译为“变得”，强调逐渐变化的过程；
get译为“变得”，强调短暂或逐渐的变化，常与形容词连用。
Eg: He became famous.
他变得很有名。
The leaves turned yellow in autumn.
树叶在秋天变成黄色。
The meat went bad.
肉变质了。
The tree grew tall.
树长高了。
The days are getting longer and longer.
白天变得越来越长。
【即学即用】
1.他在山区的一个小村庄长大。
He _______ _______ in a small village in the mountains.
( )2. The pollution problem is _________ serious.
A.becoming B. turning C. getting D. growing
答案： 1. grew up 2. D
11.These people are called “digital natives” or the “screen generation”.
这些人被称为“数字原住民”或“屏幕一代”。
【用法详解】 Called在此处为动词被动语态，译为“被称呼”，call还可译为“给...打电话、召集、喊叫”等。
Eg: I will call you tomorrow.
明天我会给你打电话。
She called her dog Max.
她把她的狗命名为Max。
The teacher called the students to class.
老师召集学生去上课。
She called to me for help.
她向我呼救。
His friends call him Bob.
他的朋友都叫他鲍勃。
Call也可为名词，译为“电话通话、拜访”。
Eg: I received a call from my friends.
我收到朋友的电话。
He made a quick call to his aunt’s house.
他快速拜访了他姑姑的家。
【常见搭配】call for help 大声呼救
Call for 呼吁、要求、呼叫
Give sb. a call 给某人打电话
Call on sb. 号召/拜访某人
Call in 顺便拜访
Call out 大声说
Be called 被叫做
Eg: She called to me for help.
她向我呼救。
The teacher called on us to help the old.
老师号召我们帮助老人。
Will you call in at the supermarket for some eggs
你顺便去超市买些鸡蛋好吗？
The teacher called out the children’s names.
老师大声点名。
The panda is called Huahua.
这个熊猫叫花花。
【即学即用】
1.The girl _________ (call) Mary is my best friend.
答案：called
12.They may also use words like What or No! to show surprise or disagreement.
他们也可能会用“什么？”或“不！”这样的词来表示惊讶或不同意。
【用法讲解】
surprise在此处为名词，译为“惊喜、惊讶”；surprise还可为动词，译为“使惊讶”。
【常见搭配】 To one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是
In surprise 惊讶地
Surprise sb. with sth. 以某事引发惊讶
Surprise sb. by doing sth. 通过某种行为使某人惊讶
Eg: To my surprise, all the questions were different.
令我吃惊的是，所有的问题都不一样。
He looked at me in surprise.
他惊讶地看着我。
She surprised him with a handmade gift.
她用手工礼物让他惊喜。
He surprised everyone by quitting his job.
他通过辞职让所有人惊讶。
【派生词】surprising为形容词，译为“令人惊奇的”，常常用来修饰物；
surprised为形容词，译为“感到吃惊的”，常常用来修饰人。
【常见搭配】be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊讶
Be surprised to do sth. 做某事感到惊讶
Eg: I was surprised at how quickly he finished the project.
我对他这么快完成项目感到惊讶。
She was surprised to win the prize.
她对自己获奖感到非常惊讶。
To my surprise, she passed the exam easily.
令我惊讶的是，她轻松地通过了考试。
disagreement为名词，译为“不一致、不同意”。
Eg: There was some disagreement about the best way to proceed.
对于如何采取最佳行动存在分歧。
【派生词】agreement为可数名词，其复数形式为agreements；
agree为动词，译为“同意”。
Eg: They reached an agreement on the price.
他们就价格达成了一致。
【常见搭配】 make an agreement with ... 在某方面和某人达成协议
Come to/ reach an agreement 达成协议
In agreement with... 同意...
agree with sb. 同意某人的观点/适合某人的健康或胃口
Agree on sth. 对某事取得一致意见
Agree to do sth. 同意做某事
Eg: They made an agreement with the bank to borrow money.
他们与银行达成协议借钱。
After long negotiation, they finally came to an agreement.
经过长时间的谈判，他们终于达成一致。
I’m in agreement with your plan.
我同意你的计划。
I agree with you.
我同意你的观点。
The climate there doesn’t agree with me.
那里的气候对我不适合。
We agreed on the best action.
我们都同意这一最佳措施。
She agreed to go shopping with me.
她同意和我去购物。
【即学即用】
1.令我吃惊的是，他这么容易就通过了考试。
______ _______ ________, he passed the exam easily.
2.Despite their ___________ (agree), they remained friends.
答案：1. To my surprise 2. disagreement
C部分
1.He’s got a pain in his ______, and it’s because he has spent too much time on the _______.
他的_______疼痛，这是因为他花了太多时间在______上。
【用法讲解】 pain泛指“疼痛”时为不可数名词；pain特指“身体部位的疼痛”或“pain”前有形容词修饰时为可数名词，pain也可引申为“劳苦、辛劳”；pain还可为动词，译为“使疼痛”。
Eg: He suffered great pain after the accident.
事故后他遭受了巨大痛苦。
He has a pain in his knee.
他膝盖疼。
Her words pained him deeply.
她得话使他深感痛苦。
【常见搭配】 No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。
Have a pain in 身体部位 身体某部位疼
Eg: He has a sharp pain in his stomach.
他肚子疼得厉害。
【即学即用】
1.She has a constant p________ in her knee.
答案：pain
2.Something needs to be changed. 有些事情需要改变。
【用法讲解】 Need为动词，译为“需要”；Need还可作情态动词，译为“需要”；无人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形。
【常见搭配】 need to do sth. “需要做某事（主动）”
Need doing sth. “需要做某事（被动）”
Eg: She need finish her homework in two hours. (need为情态动词)
她需要两个小时内完成作业。
She needs to finish her homework in two hours. (need为实义动词)
她需要两小时内完成作业。
The tree needs watering.
这颗树需要浇水。
【即学即用】
( )1. Look! Your shirt is so dirty. It _______.
A.need washing B. need to wash
C. needs washing D. need wash
答案：C
3.At first, I felt quite bored. 一开始，我觉得很无聊。
【用法讲解】 bored为形容词，译为“感到厌烦的”，常常用来形容人。
Eg: I feel bored sitting at home all day.
我整天坐在家里感到很无聊。
【常见搭配】 be bored with/about ... 对...感到无聊
Eg: She is bored with her job.
她对她的工作感到无聊。
【派生词】 boring为形容词，译为“令人无聊的”，常常用来修饰物；
boredom为名词，译为“无聊、厌烦”。
Eg: This movie is very boring.
这部电影非常无聊。
This can really be the cure to your boredom at work.
这可能是治愈你工作厌烦的良方。
【常见搭配】 kill/ beat boredom 打发时间、缓解无聊
Eg: I read books to kill boredom during the long fight.
在漫长的飞行中，我通过读书来打发时间。
【即学即用】
( )1. My father was ______ after a long day at work.
A.boring B. bored C. bore D. boredom
答案： B
4.We can show our thoughts and feelings directly. 我们可以直接表达自己的想法和感受。
【用法讲解】
thoughts为thought的复数形式，译为“思想、想法”。
Eg: He had some interesting thoughts on the future of technology.
他对未来科技有一些有趣的想法。
Here are my thoughts on how to improve the project.
这是我对于如何改进项目的看法。
注意：thought同时也是think的过去式和过去分词。
Eg: He thought they needed to know the direction to it.
他认为他们还需要知道到那里的方向。
【常见搭配】 give thought to 考虑
In deep thought 陷入沉思
Eg: We need to give thought to the project before we start.
在我们开始之前，我们需要考虑这个项目。
He was in deep thought for a long time.
他长时间陷入沉思。
feeling为可数名词，其复数形式为feelings，译为“看法、知觉、感觉”。
Eg: We can understand her feelings.
我们能理解她的心情。
What are your feelings about this idea
你们觉得这个主意如何？
He’s lost all feeling in the leg.
他的腿完全失去了知觉。
【常见搭配】 a feeling of ... ...的感觉
My feeling is that ... 我的看法是...
Eg: They’ve painted it red to create a feeling of warmth.
他们把它刷成红色以造成一种温暖的感觉。
My feeling is that you ought to stay home tonight.
我觉得今晚应该呆在家里。
【派生词】 feel为动词，译为“感觉”。
Eg: The movie made me feel sad.
这部电影让我感到悲伤。
【即学即用】
1.The ___________ (think) kept going round and round in her head.
2.She had never tried to put this _________ (feel) into words.
答案：1. thought 2. feeling
5.In my opinion 在我看来
【用法讲解】 opinion为不可数名词，译为“看法、观点”。
Eg: My opinion remains unchanged.
我的看法一如既往。
【常见搭配】 in one’s opinion 在某人看来
Have a good/ bad opinion of sb./ sth. 对...的评价好/不好
Have an opinion about sth. 对某事有意见
Eg: In my opinion, the best way to learn a new language is through immersion.
在我看来，学习一门新语言的最佳方式是通过沉浸式学习。
I have a very good opinion of his work.
我对他的工作评价很好。
She has a strong opinion about raising children in the modern world.
她对在现代社会中抚养孩子有很强的意见。
【即学即用】
1.在我看来，学习英语非常重要。
______ ______ ________, learning English is very important.
答案：In my opinion
6.They stood still on the pages, instead of moving across a screen.
它们并没有在屏幕上移动，而是在纸上一动不动。
【用法讲解】
still可为副词，译为“仍然、静止地”；still还可为形容词，译为“静止的、不动的”；still还可为动词，译为“（使）静止、平静”；still还可为连词，译为“然而”。
Eg: He is still working on the project.
他仍然在从事这个项目。
The water was still after the storm.
暴风雨过后，水面平静了下来。
She stood there, still as a statue.
她站在那里，一动不动，像座雕像。
The wind stilled. 风停了。
Still, he managed to finish the race.
然而，他还是设法完成了比赛。
instead常位于句首或句末，表示与上文提到的行为或事物相反，位于句首时需用逗号分开。
Eg: The movie was sold out. Instead, we went bowling.
电影票卖光了，我们改去打保龄球。
He forgot his keys and used a card instead.
他忘了带钥匙，改用卡片开门。
【常见搭配】 Instead of 代替...、而不是...
Eg: The room felt cold instead of cozy.
房间感觉很冷，而不是舒适。
【易混辨析】 instead与instead of区别
instead为独立副词，修饰动词或句子，位于句首或句尾，后面无需接任何成分；
Instead of为介词短语，必须接宾语，位置比较灵活，后面可接名词、代词、动名词、介词短语 。
Eg: He didn’t drink tea. He drank coffee instead.
他不喝茶改喝咖啡了。
I use honey instead of sugar. 我用蜂蜜代替糖。
【即学即用】
( )1. Have the test results arrived _______
A.yet B. already C. still D. ever
( )2. We have lessons in the classroom ______ the playground.
A.instead B. instead of C. rather than D. than
答案：1. A 2. B
7.What a waste! 真浪费！
【用法讲解】 Waste在此处为名词，译为“废物、垃圾、浪费”等； waste也可为动词，译为“浪费、挥霍、滥用”。
Eg: Please throw the waste in the recycling bin.
请把废物扔进回收箱。
I wasted my time on that project.
我在哪个项目上浪费了时间。
【常见搭配】 waste time/money on sb./ sth. 在某人/某物上浪费时间/金钱
Waste time/money (in) doing sth. 浪费时间/金钱做某事
A waste of time 浪费时间
Eg: She wasted a lot of money on clothes.
她在衣服上浪费了很多钱。
Tom never wastes too much time playing computer games.
汤姆从不在玩电脑游戏上浪费太多时间。
It’s a waste of time talking to him.
和他谈话事浪费时间。
【即学即用】
1.They wasted a whole day _________ (try) to fix the computer.
答案：trying
8.Our television screen must have a million books on it! 我们的电视屏幕上一定有上百万本书！
【用法讲解】 million前接数字时，不可加s，表示“...百万”；million后面可接of，此时必须加s，译为“数百万的”；million修饰名词表示一笔金额时，谓语动词用单数。
【常见搭配】 a million/ one million 一百万
Two/ three... million 二/三...百万
Millions of 数百万的
Eg: There are millions of people in the city.
城市里有数百万人。
Two million pounds is used for team building.
200万美元用于团队建设。
【知识拓展】 类似词语拓展
Hundred 百；Thousand 千； billion 十亿
注意：用法与million用法一致。
Eg: A thousand people signed the petition.
一千人在请愿书上签了名。
There are hundreds of people in the park.
这个公园有数百人。
【即学即用】
1.There are about eight __________ (million) in our city.
答案：million
9.It was on and waiting for her. The screen was lit up. 机器开着，等着她。屏幕亮着。
【用法讲解】
wait为动词，译为“等待、等候”；wait还可为名词，译为“等待的时间”。
Eg: The wait for the the train was long.
等待火车的时间很长。
There is never a wait at that restaurant.
那家餐厅从来不用等位。
【常见搭配】 wait to do sth. 等待做某事
Wait for sb./sth. 等某人/某物
Wait a minute/ second/ moment 等一下
can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事
Eg: I’m waiting to hear back from the interviewer.
我正在等待面试官的回复。
She is waiting for her friend at the restaurant.
她正在餐厅等待她的朋友。
The little girl can’t wait to open her birthday presents.
这个小女孩等不及要打开她的生日礼物。
light在此处为动词，译为“点燃”，其过去式为lit；light还可为形容词，译为“轻的、浅色的、少量的、微弱的”； Light也可作可数名词，译为“灯”；light也可为不可数名词，译为“光线”。
Eg: Let’s light the new candle.
让我们点燃新蜡烛吧。
The box isn’t heavy, it’s light.
这个箱子不重，很轻。
I like light yellow best.
我最喜欢浅黄色。
There was a light rain falling.
外面下着小雨。
Turn off the lights when you leave.
当你离开时把灯关了。
The light came into the room.
光线照进这个屋子。
【常见搭配】 in the light of... 鉴于、根据
Light up 照亮...、变得明亮、（脸上或眼中）流露出喜悦
Eg: In the light of his remarks, we rejected her offer.
鉴于他的评语，我们拒绝了她的提议。
The fireworks lit up the night sky.
烟花照亮了夜空。
【即学即用】
1.I can’t wait ________ (go) on holidays in Australia.
2.日出照亮了地平线。
The sunrise _______ ______ the horizon.
答案：1. to go 2. lit up
10.In general, will people’s life be more digital in 50 years’ time
总的说来，50年后人们的生活会更数字化吗？
【用法讲解】 in general译为“总的来说、一般而言”，常位于句首，用于引出整体观点；也可位于句中，作为插入语进行补充说明。
Eg: In general, people prefer to live in a peaceful environment.
总的来说，人们更喜欢生活在和平的环境中。
The results, in general, were satisfactory.
结果总体上是令人满意的。
【即学即用】
( )1. It’s reported that, _______, people with college education can make more money than those without.
A.in general B. in public C. in time D. in all
答案：A
11.I’m afraid I have to disagree. 恐怕我不同意。
【用法讲解】 afraid为形容词，译为“担心的、害怕的”。
Eg: There’s nothing to be afraid of.
没有什么可害怕的。
【常见搭配】 be afraid of sth./ sb. 对某人/某事感到害怕
Be afraid to do sth. 因害怕而不敢做某事
Be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事
Be afraid that 从句 害怕...
Be afraid for sb./ sth. 为某人/某事感到担心
Eg: I’m afraid of spiders.
我害怕蜘蛛。
I am afraid to go alone in the dark.
我害怕在黑暗中独自一人。
She is afraid of speaking in public.
她害怕在公众场合讲话。
She is afraid that she will fail the exam.
她担心她会考试不及格。
I am afraid for her safety.
我担心她的安全。
【易混辨析】have to和must区别
Have to强调客观上的需要，表示由于客观因素而不得不做某事；
Must 强调主观上的义务或责任，表示说话者认为有必要或有义务去做某事。
Eg: I have to go now because I have an appointment.
我必须现在走，因为我有约。
You must study hard to pass the exam.
你必须努力学习才能通过考试。
【即学即用】
1.She is afraid ________ (go) out at night.
答案：to go
12.There is no doubt that.. 毫无疑问...
【用法讲解】 doubt为不可数名词；doubt还可为动词，译为“怀疑”。
Eg: There is some doubt about his honesty.
对他的诚实性存在疑问。
I don’t doubt that he is honest.
我毫不怀疑他是诚实的。
【常见搭配】 without doubt = There is no doubt ... 毫无疑问地
No doubt 无疑地、很可能
In doubt 有疑问
To one’s doubt 令人怀疑的是
Doubt sb. (about sth.) 怀疑某人某事
Eg: The answer is without doubt correct.
答案无疑是正确的。
There can be no doubt that she has been studying hard.
毫无疑问她一直很努力学习。
His name is in doubt.
他的名字有待商榷。
To my doubt, he will succeed.
令我怀疑的是他会成功。
I doubt him (about his honesty).
我怀疑他（是否诚实）。
【派生词】 doubtful为形容词，译为“可疑的、不确定的”；
doubtless为形容词，译为“无疑的”。
Eg: The outcome is doubtful.
结果难以预料。
It’s doubtless true.
这无疑是真的。
【即学即用】
( )1. ______ is now no ______ that global warming is a threat to us all.
A.There; doubt B. There; need C. It; doubt D. It; need
( )2. My mother is ill. I _______ look after her at home today.
A.must B. have to C. should D. could
答案： 1. A 2. B