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新人教版必修第二册Unit 2知识清单
重 点 单 词 1.average n. 平均数;平均水平 adj. 平均的;正常的;普通的 2.remind vt. 提醒;使想起 3.measure n.措施;方法 vt. 测量;度量;估量 4.attack n.&v. 攻击;抨击 5.due adj. 由于;因为 6.shoot vt.&vi. 射杀;射伤;发射→shot/shot/shooting (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 7.stir vt. 激发;搅动→stirred/ stirred/stirring (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 8.mass adj. 大量的;广泛的 n. 大量;堆;群 9.species n. 物种 10.living adj. 居住的;活的;在用的 n. 生活;生计 11.profit n. 利润;利益 12.goods n. 商品;货物 13.creature n. 生物;动物 14.deer n. 鹿→(pl.) deer 15.skin n. 皮;皮肤 16.poster n. 海报 17.plain n. 平原 adj. 简单明了的;直率的;平凡的 18.neighbourhood n. 临近的地方;街区 19.insect n. 昆虫 adj. 净得的;纯的 n.(=Internet) 网 21.habitat n. (动植物的)生活环境;栖息地 22.authority n. 官方;当权;权威
词 汇 拓 展 1.concern vt. 涉及;让……担忧→concerned adj. 担心的;关切的→concerning prep. 关于 2.aware adj. 知道;发觉;有……意识的→(反) unaware adj. 不知道的;没意识的→awareness n. 意识 3.reserve n. (动植物)保护区;储藏(量) vt. 预定;预留;保留→reservation n. 预定;保留 4.intend vt.&vi. 打算;计划;想要→intention n. 打算;目的;意图 5.exist vi. 存在;生存→existence n. 存在;生存→existing adj. 现有的;现存的 6.observe vt. 观察(到);注意;遵守→observation n. 观察 7.remove vt. 去除;移开;脱去→removal n. 移动;去除;免职;开除 8.adapt vi. 适应 vt. 使适应;使适合→adaptation n. 适应;改编本→adaptable adj. 能适应的 9.recover vi. 恢复;康复 vt. 找回;寻回→recovery n.恢复 10.endanger vt. 使遭受危险;危害→danger n. 危险→endangered adj. 濒危的→dangerous adj. 危险的 11.reduce vt. 减少→reduction n. 减少 12.alarm vt. 使惊恐;使害怕;使担心 n. 恐慌;警报;警报器→alarming adj. 惊人的;使惊恐的→alarmed adj. 惊慌的 13.immediately adv. 立刻→immediate adj. 立刻的 14.beauty n. 漂亮→beautiful adj. 漂亮的→beautify vt. 美化 15.threat n. 威胁→threaten vt. 威胁;危及→threatening adj. 威胁的;恐吓的 16.pressure n. 压力;要求→press v. 压,按 17.harmony n. 和谐;融洽→harmonious adj. 和谐的→harmoniously adv. 和谐地 18.emotion n. 感情;情感;情绪→emotional adj. 情绪化的 19.unusual adj. 不寻常的;特别的→(反) usual adj. 平常的→usually adv. 平常地 20.illegal adj. 非法的;不合法的→illegally adv. 非法地;不合法地→(反) legal adj. 合法的→legally adv. 合法地 21.extinct adj. 已灭绝的→extinction n. 灭绝 22.rate n. 速度;(比)率 vt. 划分等级→rating n. 等级;级别 23.hunt vt.&vi. 打猎;搜寻;追捕→hunting n. 打猎→hunter n. 猎人
重 点 短 语 1．on earth (放在疑问词之后表示强调)究竟；到底 2．die out灭亡；逐渐消失 3．aware of意识到；知道 4．on average平均 5．concerned about对……关切的；为……担忧的 6．adapt to适应 7．under pressure在压力下；承受压力 8．make out看清；听清；分清 9．remind sb.of sb./sth.使某人想起(类似的人或物) 10．watch over保护；照管；监督 11．day and night日日夜夜；夜以继日 12．due to由于；因为 13．search for搜索；查找 14．stir up激起
重 点 句 型 1．This is why we’re here—to observe Tibetan antelopes. 这就是我们来到此地的原因——观察藏羚羊。 2．Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 只有学会与大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。 3．When it comes to wildlife protection，all species—the good，the bad，and the ugly—should be treated equally. 谈到野生动植物保护，所有的物种——好的、坏的、丑的——都应该得到平等地对待。 4．Is it right to make animals homeless so that humans can have more paper 为了让人类有更多的纸张，使得动物无家可归，这样做对吗？ 5．That is what the animals really need most.那是动物们真正最需要的
课文语法填空
Many animals have disappeared during the history of the earth. The 1． (famous) of these animals are dinosaurs. They lived on the earth 2． (ten) of millions of years ago, long before humans came into 3． (be). There were many different kinds of dinosaur and a number of them have been found in China. When inspecting 4． (they) bones of a rare new species discovered in Chaoyang County, the scientists were surprised 5． (find) they could not only run like other dinosaurs, but also climb trees. They could tell this from the way the bones 6． (join) together.
Dinosaurs died 7． quickly about 65 million years ago. Some scientists think it came after a large rock hit the earth. Others think the earth got 8． hot for the dinosaurs to live on any more. Nobody knows for sure why and how dinosaurs disappeared from the earth in such 39． short time. We know many other wild plants, animals, insects and birds 10． (die) out more recently.
【答案】1．most famous；2．tens；3．being；4．their；5．to find；6．were joined；7．out；8．too；9．a；10．have died
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家研究恐龙灭绝的原因。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及形容词，数词，非谓语动词，代词，时态语态，副词，冠词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
1．句意：这些动物中最著名的是恐龙。根据语境，结合空前定冠词the可知，此处是形容词的最高级，故填most famous。
2．句意：它们生活在数千万年前的地球上，远在人类出现之前。tens of millions of，固定短语，“数以千万计的”，故填tens。
3．句意：它们生活在数千万年前的地球上，远在人类出现之前。come into being，固定短语，“形成”，故填being。
4．句意：在检查朝阳县发现的一种稀有新物种的骨骼时，科学家们惊讶地发现，它们不仅可以像其他恐龙一样奔跑，还可以爬树。此处修饰名词bones，应用形容词性物主代词，故填their。
5．句意：在检查朝阳县发现的一种稀有新物种的骨骼时，科学家们惊讶地发现，它们不仅可以像其他恐龙一样奔跑，还可以爬树。be surprised to do sth. 固定短语，“吃惊地做某事”，故填to find。
6．句意：他们可以从骨头连接在一起的方式中看出这一点。the bones和join之间是被动关系，且根据could可知此处应用一般过去时，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were joined。
7．句意：恐龙在大约 6500 万年前迅速灭绝。die out固定短语，"灭绝，灭亡"，故填out。
8．句意：其他人认为地球太热了，恐龙不能再赖以生存了。too... to... 固定句式，"太……而不能……"，故填too。
9．句意：没有人确切知道恐龙为何以及如何在如此短的时间内从地球上消失。in a short time，固定短语，“在短时间内”，故填a。
10．句意：我们知道许多其他野生植物、动物、昆虫和鸟类最近都灭绝了。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语recently可知此处应用现在完成时，die out无被动语态，故填have died。
知识点
1.average n．平均数；平均水平adj.平均的；正常的；普通的v.平均为；计算出……的平均数
[教材原句] How many elephants are killed on average every day (P14) 每天平均有多少大象被杀死
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中average的词性及含义)
①(2022·浙江1月高考)The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.__________
②It's said that the newspaper office receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day._________
③(2020·天津高考)And I have never known an average man who had both._________
④The hotel averages 50 to 100 foreign guests daily._________
【词块必记】
an average of 平均有(后跟数词)
on (the) average 平均(起来)
above/below (the) average 在平均水平以上/以下
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)The monthly average temperature in this city ________ (drop) by 2℃ over the past decade due to global warming.
(2)An average of 200 students ________ (participate) in the volunteer activity every semester.
(3)As we all know, ________ average, a healthy adult needs 7-8 hours of sleep daily.
(4)The cost of living here is well above ________ average, making it hard for young people to settle down.
[完成句子]
(5)据统计，我国每个家庭平均每年产生约 1.2 吨生活垃圾。
According to statistics, each family in China produces ________ about 1.2 tons of domestic waste every year.
(6)这个班学生的数学成绩低于年级平均水平，老师决定加强辅导。
The students’ math scores in this class are ________, so the teacher decides to strengthen tutoring.
答案: [用法感知] ①adj.平均的 ②n.平均数 ③adj.普通的 ④v.平均为
【即时练】(1)has dropped：over the past decade 提示用现在完成时，主语 “average temperature” 为单数，故填 has dropped（考点：现在完成时 + 主谓一致）
participate：an average of + 复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，every semester 提示一般现在时，故填 participate（考点：主谓一致）。
on：固定短语 on average（考点：固定介词搭配）。
the：above the average 为固定短语，“the” 不可省略（考点：固定短语）。
an average of：表 “平均有”，后接数词 1.2 tons（考点：名词短语用法）。
below the grade average：“年级平均水平” 译为 the grade average，“低于” 用 below（考点：形容词短语应用）。
【高考真题链接】
2023 年浙江卷The average rainfall in the area has decreased by 15% compared with that of last year, ________ (make) the farmland dry.
答案：making解析：考查现在分词作结果状语。“average rainfall” 中 average 为形容词，修饰名词 rainfall；逗号后表自然结果，用现在分词 making。
2024 年全国乙卷（阅读理解 A 篇）What is the average number of books borrowed per person in the city library every month
A. 3 B. 5 C. 8 D. 10
答案：B解析：考查 average 作名词的词义理解。原文提到 “Total monthly borrowings: 50,000; Registered users: 10,000”，通过 “50,000÷10,000” 计算得平均每人每月借 5 本，对应选项 B。
2.concern vt.涉及;让……担忧
[教材原句] I’m concerned about the African elephants.(P15) 我担心非洲大象。
【词块必记】
(1)concern oneself about ... 关心……
(2)show concern for ... 对……表示关心
(3)concerned adj. 担心的；关切的
be concerned about/for 对……关切的；为……担忧的
as/so far as ...be concerned 就……而言
[名师点津]
形容词concerned作前置定语时,意为“关心的,挂念的,担心的”;作后置定语时,意为“相关的,有关的”。例如:a concerned look意为“关切的神情”;the authorities concerned意为“有关当局”。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)The report mainly concerns ________ (protect) the habitat of endangered species.
(2)All parents are concerned ________ their children’s physical and mental health.
(3)As far as I ________ (concern), online learning has both advantages and disadvantages.
(4)The meeting will invite experts and ________ (concern) citizens to discuss air pollution.
[完成句子]
(5)许多人担忧人工智能的发展会导致大量失业。
Many people ________ the development of AI will lead to mass unemployment.
(6)就英语学习而言，我认为词汇积累比语法记忆更重要。
________, I think vocabulary accumulation is more important than grammar memorization.
答案:(1)protecting：concern 为及物动词，后接动名词作宾语（考点：动词后接动名词）。
(2)about/for：固定短语 be concerned about/for（考点：固定介词搭配）。
(3)am concerned：As far as I am concerned 为固定表达，表 “就我而言”（考点：固定句型）。
(4)concerned：作后置定语，表 “相关的市民”，区别于前置定语 “a concerned look（担忧的表情）”（考点：形容词作定语的位置差异）。
(5)are concerned that：“担忧…… 会发生” 用 be concerned that 从句，从句用一般将来时（考点：形容词后接宾语从句）。
(6)As far as English learning is concerned：“就英语学习而言” 译为 As far as English learning is concerned，符合书面表达场景（考点：固定插入语）。
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年北京卷（书面表达）
题干：假定你是李华，你的英国笔友 Peter 来信说他担忧自己的中文学习进度，请你回信安慰他并给出建议。要求：包含 “be concerned about” 或 “show concern for” 短语。
参考范文：I know you are concerned about your Chinese learning progress, but don’t worry—consistent practice will help you improve.解析：考查 concerned 作形容词的用法，“be concerned about” 表 “担忧……”，贴合书信中安慰他人的场景，符合高考应用文语境。
2. 2024 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷（语法填空）
题干：The survey, which concerns the use of electronic devices among teenagers, ________ (conduct) last month.
答案：was conducted解析：考查 concern 作动词的词义（涉及），主语 “the survey” 与 conduct 为被动关系，last month 提示一般过去时，故填 was conducted（考点：被动语态 + 动词词义）。
3.adapt vi.适应 vt.使适应;使适合
[教材原句] Elephants need large living spaces,so it’s difficult for them to adapt to the changes.(P15) 大象需要巨大的生存空间,所以它们很难适应这些变化。
【词块必记】
(1)adapt oneself to 使自己适应于……
adapt ...to ... 使……适应……
adapt to 适合；适应
(2)adapt sth.from 根据……改编某物
be adapted for 为……而改写/改编
(3)adaptation n. 适应；改编；改编本；改写本
adaptable adj. 有适应能力的，能适应的
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
①It takes time for freshmen to adapt ________ (they) to the independent life in college.
②This TV play, which ________ (adapt) from a popular novel, has won high praise.
③The ability to adapt ________ changing circumstances is essential for personal growth.
④His latest work is an ________ (adapt) of a classic story set in ancient China.
⑤On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of ________ (adapt) — not to air or to food, but to the ocean.
[完成句子]
⑥为了帮助留守儿童适应城市生活，社区开展了一系列关爱活动。
To help left-behind children ________, the community has launched a series of caring activities.
⑦这部歌剧是根据莫言的小说《红高粱家族》改编的，很受观众欢迎。
This opera ________ Mo Yan’s novel Red Sorghum Clan and is very popular with audiences.
答案: (1)themselves：adapt oneself to 为固定结构，主语是 freshmen，反身代词用 themselves（考点：反身代词搭配）。
(2)is adapted：“TV play” 与 adapt 为被动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时，故填 is adapted（考点：被动语态）。
(3)to：adapt to 为固定短语，表 “适应……”（考点：固定介词搭配）。
(4)adaptation：空前有 an，需填名词 adaptation（考点：词性转换）。
(5)adaptation，名词。
(6)adapt to life in the city：“适应城市生活” 译为 adapt to life in the city，help 后接动词原形（考点：动词短语应用）。
(7)is adapted from：“根据…… 改编” 用 be adapted from，主语为单数，一般现在时，故填 is adapted from（考点：被动语态 + 固定短语）。
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年全国甲卷（阅读理解 B 篇）
题干：Why do some animals fail to adapt to climate change
A.They lack food sources. B. They can’t change their habits.
C. They are hunted by humans. D. They lose their natural enemies.
答案：B解析：考查 adapt to 的词义理解（适应），题干问 “动物无法适应气候变化的原因”，原文提到 “Some animals can’t adjust their living habits, so they fail to adapt”，对应选项 B（考点：动词短语在语境中的理解）。
2. 2024 年浙江卷（语法填空）
题干：The play, ________ (adapt) for children aged 5-8, simplifies the original plot while keeping its core message.
答案：adapted解析：考查过去分词作定语，“the play” 与 adapt 为被动关系（“被改编给儿童”），故填 adapted（考点：非谓语动词作定语）。
4.measure vt.测量；估量；度量vi.(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为n.措施；方法；尺寸
[教材原句] What measures are being taken to help them (P15) 正在采取什么措施帮助它们
【词块必记】
归纳点拨 (1)take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
make ...to one's measure 依照某人的尺寸做……(2)be measured by/in 用……来衡量/计算
名师点津 measure表示“(测量后)有……长(或宽、高、大等)”时是系动词，用主动形式表示被动含义。若表示此意义的短语作后置定语时，要用现在分词形式。
【即时练】
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中measure的含义)
①We must pay attention to these problems and take effective measures to solve them.________
②This line measures four times as long as that one.________
③It seemed as if the suit was made to his own measure. ________
④To measure the volunteers' mental ability, the scientists ask them to take the tests.________
(1)单句语法填空
⑤The government has taken strict ________ (measure) to reduce carbon emissions.
⑥This rope measures 50 meters in length and ________ (use) for climbing.
⑦The tailor will make a suit ________ your measure, so it will fit you perfectly.
⑧We need to measure the success of the project ________ the number of people it helps.
(2)完成句子
A.为保护长江江豚，当地政府采取了禁止非法捕鱼的措施。
To protect the Yangtze finless porpoise, the local government has ________ illegal fishing.
B.这座新建的图书馆长 80 米、宽 40 米，可容纳 2000 名读者。
The newly-built library ________, and can hold 2,000 readers.
答案：①措施 ②量度为 ③尺寸 ④测量
⑤measures：take measures 为固定短语，measure 用复数（考点：固定短语的名词单复数）。⑥is used：前半句 measure 表 “量度为”，用主动；后半句 “rope” 与 use 为被动关系，故填 is used（考点：动词用法差异 + 被动语态）。
⑦to：make sth. to one’s measure 为固定短语，表 “按某人尺寸做某物”（考点：固定介词搭配）。
⑧by：“用…… 衡量” 用 measure...by...（考点：固定介词搭配）。
完成句子：A. taken measures to ban：“采取措施禁止” 译为 take measures to ban，has 后接过去分词 taken（考点：现在完成时 + 固定短语）。
measures 80 meters long and 40 meters wide：“长 80 米、宽 40 米” 用 measure 的主动表被动结构，主语为单数，一般现在时（考点：系动词用法）。
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年天津卷（语法填空）
题干：The ancient tower, which ________ (measure) 30 meters high, has stood here for over 500 years.
答案：measures解析：考查 measure 作系动词的用法（量度为），主动表被动，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为单数，故填 measures（考点：特殊动词的主动表被动）。
2. 2025 年全国甲卷（模拟题）
题干：What measures have been taken to deal with the problem of plastic pollution
A.Banning single-use plastics. B. Increasing plastic production.
C. Ignoring public opinions. D. Cutting down trees.
答案：A解析：考查 measure 作名词的词义（措施），题干问 “应对塑料污染的措施”，“禁止一次性塑料” 是合理措施，对应选项 A（考点：名词在语境中的应用）。
5.observe vt.观察(到);注视;遵守
[教材原句] This is why we’re here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.(P16)这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
归纳点拨 (1)observe sb.do sth. 观察到某人做了某事
observe sb.doing sth. 观察到某人正在做某事
observe sb./sth.done 观察到某人/某物被……
(2)observation n. 观察；观测
名师点津 observe作“观察到；注意到”讲时，可用省去to的动词不定式或v. ing形式作宾语补足语； 但如果用于被动语态， 省去的动词不定式符号to要还原。类似的词还有： see, watch, notice, hear, feel, have, make等。
【即时练】
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中observe的含义)
①We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.________
②Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe the traditional customs._______
③Could you tell me how you usually observe the festival in your country？________
④Observe carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.________
(1)单句语法填空
⑤The researcher observed the mice ________ (run) around the cage for 20 minutes.
⑥It is everyone’s duty to observe the ________ (rule) of public order.
⑦Many families observe the tradition of ________ (eat) dumplings on New Year’s Eve.
⑧The students were observed ________ (discuss) the problem actively in groups.
完成句子
⑨科学家通过长期观察发现，这种鸟每年都会迁徙到温暖的南方。
Through long-term observation, scientists ________ this kind of bird migrates to the warm south every year.
⑩在这个国家，人们会通过举办花展来庆祝樱花节。
In this country, people ________ by holding flower exhibitions.
答案: ①注意到,②遵守,③庆祝 ,④观察,
⑤run：observe sb. do sth. 表 “观察到全过程”，故填动词原形 run（考点：宾语补足语的形式）。
⑥ rules：“公共秩序规则” 用复数 rules（考点：名词单复数）。
⑦eating：of 为介词，后接动名词 eating（考点：介词后接动名词）
⑧ to discuss：被动语态中，observe 后的宾语补足语 “to” 不能省略，故填 to discuss（考点：被动语态中的不定式）。
⑨have observed that：“发现” 用 observe that 从句，“长期观察” 提示用现在完成时，故填 have observed that（考点：现在完成时 + 宾语从句）。
⑩observe the Cherry Blossom Festival：“庆祝樱花节” 译为 observe the Cherry Blossom Festival，描述客观习俗用一般现在时（考点：动词短语应用）。
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年全国乙卷（语法填空）
题干：When the teacher observed the students ________ (struggle) with the math problem, she offered help immediately.
答案：struggling解析：考查 observe sb. doing sth. 结构，表 “观察到某人正在做某事”，符合 “老师看到学生正在挣扎，立刻提供帮助” 的语境（考点：非谓语动词作宾语补足语）。
2. 2024 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷（阅读理解 C 篇）
题干：Why do people in this region observe the “Tree-Planting Day” A. To earn money.B. To protect the environment.C. To show off wealth.D. To waste time.
答案：B解析：考查 observe 作 “庆祝” 的词义，题干问 “庆祝植树节的原因”，“保护环境” 是合理目的，对应选项 B（考点：动词在语境中的词义辨析）。
6.remind vt.提醒;使想起
[教材原句] I’m also reminded of the danger they are in.(P16) 我也被提醒它们所处的危险。
【词块必记】
(1)remind sb.of sth. 提醒某人某事
remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that ... 使某人想起……
(2)reminder n. 提醒物；提示
[名师点津] remind后不能接双宾语,不能说remind sb sth。
常见“v.＋sb.＋of sth.”的短语：
①inform sb.of sth. 通知某人某事
②rob sb.of sth. 抢劫某人某物
③warn sb.of sth. 警告某人某事
④convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
①Please remind me ________ (call) my mother tonight—she’s waiting for my report.
②The old photo reminds me ________ my childhood spent in the countryside.
③This app sends a ________ (remind) to users every morning to drink enough water.
④He reminded me that we ________ (meet) at the school gate at 8 o’clock tomorrow.
(2)完成句子
⑤这个标志提醒司机在学校区域减速慢行。
This sign ________ in the school zone.
⑥听到这首老歌，奶奶想起了她年轻时的美好时光。
Hearing this old song, Grandma ________ when she was young.
答案及解析
to call：remind sb. to do sth. 为固定结构，表 “提醒某人做某事”（考点：不定式作宾语补足语）。
of：remind sb. of sth. 为固定短语，表 “使某人想起某事”（考点：固定介词搭配）。
reminder：空前有 a，需填名词 reminder（考点：词性转换）。
will meet：tomorrow 提示用一般将来时，故填 will meet（考点：宾语从句的时态）。
reminds drivers to slow down：“提醒司机减速” 译为 remind drivers to slow down，主语为单数，一般现在时（考点：动词短语应用）。
is reminded of the good times：“想起美好时光” 译为 be reminded of the good times，Grandma 与 remind 为被动关系，故用被动语态（考点：被动语态 + 固定短语）。
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年浙江卷（书面表达）
题干：假定你是李华，你和同学计划周末去敬老院慰问老人，请给班长张明写一封邮件，提醒他携带必要物品（如水果、节目单）。要求：包含 “remind sb. to do sth.” 短语。
参考范文：I’m writing to remind you to bring some necessary items for our visit to the nursing home, such as fresh fruit and the program list.解析：考查 remind sb. to do sth. 结构，贴合 “提醒他人做事” 的邮件场景，符合高考应用文简洁、明确的要求（考点：动词短语在应用文的应用）。
2. 2024 年北京卷（语法填空）
题干：The scenery here reminds me of ________ small town I visited last year.
答案：the解析：考查 remind sb. of sth. 结构，“small town” 后有定语从句 “ I visited last year”，表特指，故填 the（考点：冠词 + 固定短语）。
7.remove vt.去除;移开;脱去
[教材原句] The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015,the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list.(P16)羚羊数量已经恢复,并且在2015年6月,藏羚羊从濒危物种的名单中被移除。
【词块必记】
(1)remove sth.
(2)remove sb.from the school/office勒令某人退学/辞职
remove one's doubt/trouble 消除某人的疑虑/烦恼
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中remove的含义)
①He removed his hand from her shoulder.________
②The company has removed the manager from his post due to his poor performance.________
③Our office has been removed to Shanghai from Beijing________
④Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.________
⑤He removed his hat and gloves. ________
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
⑥The workers were busy removing rubbish ________ the river to protect water quality.
⑦He was removed ________ his position as manager because of his poor performance.
⑧Please remove your shoes before entering the room—this is a ________ (tradition) custom here.
⑨The doctor advised her to remove the bandage ________ (careful) to avoid hurting the wound.
(2)完成句子
⑩为了改善空气质量，政府已采取措施从城市中心移除高污染工厂。
To improve air quality, the government has taken measures to ________ from the city center.
工作人员用特殊工具清除了墙上的旧海报，让墙面恢复整洁。
The staff used special tools to ________, making the wall clean again.
答案: ①拿开, ②开除；免职 ③搬迁 ④去除 ⑤摘掉
⑥from：remove sth. from sth. 为固定短语，表 “从…… 去除……”（考点：固定介词搭配）。 ⑦from：remove sb. from sth. 表 “将某人从…… 职位上移除”（考点：固定介词搭配）。⑧traditional：修饰名词 custom，需填形容词 traditional（考点：词性转换）。
⑨carefully：修饰动词 remove，需填副词 carefully（考点：副词修饰动词）。
⑩remove high-pollution factories：“移除高污染工厂” 译为 remove high-pollution factories，take measures to 后接动词原形（考点：动词短语应用）。
remove the old posters from the wall：“清除墙上的旧海报” 译为 remove the old posters from the wall，use tools to 后接动词原形（考点：固定短语应用）。
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年江苏卷（阅读理解 A 篇）
题干：What did the volunteers do to protect the lake
A.They added more fish to the lake. B. They removed plastic waste from the lake.
C. They poured clean water into the lake. D. They planted trees around the lake.
答案：B解析：考查 remove 作 “去除” 的词义，题干问 “志愿者保护湖泊的做法”，“去除塑料垃圾” 是合理措施，对应选项 B（考点：动词在语境中的理解）。
2. 2024 年全国甲卷（语法填空）
题干：The old books, which were no longer needed, ________ (remove) from the library last week to make space for new ones.
答案：were removed解析：考查 remove 作 “移开” 的词义，“old books” 与 remove 为被动关系，last week 提示一般过去时，故填 were removed（考点：被动语态）。
8.intend vi.& vt.打算;计划;想要
[教材原句] The government,however,does not intend to stop the protection programmes,since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.(P16) 然而,政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目,因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。
【词块必记】
(1)intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
(2)be intended to do 为了做……
be intended for 专门为……而设计的；专供……使用的
had intended to do sth.＝intended to have done sth. 本打算做某事(但没有做)
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)She intends ________ (take) a gap year before going to college to travel around the world.
(2)This course is intended ________ students who want to improve their business English.
(3)We had intended ________ (attend) the meeting, but we were delayed by heavy traffic.
(4)His ________ (intend) to help the poor has won him great respect from the community.
[完成句子]
(5)政府打算投资更多资金用于乡村教育，改善农村学校的设施。
The government ________ more money in rural education to improve the facilities of rural schools.
(6)这本字典是为初学者设计的，解释简单易懂。
This dictionary ________, with simple and easy-to-understand explanations.
答案及解析
(1)to take/ taking：intend 后可接不定式或动名词，故填 to take/taking（考点：动词后接非谓语动词的两种形式）。
(2)for：be intended for 为固定短语，表 “为…… 设计”（考点：固定介词搭配）。
(3)to attend：had intended to do sth. 为固定结构，表 “本打算做某事”（考点：虚拟用法）。
(4)intention：空前有 his，需填名词 intention（考点：词性转换）。
(5)intends to invest：“打算投资” 译为 intend to invest，主语为单数，一般现在时（考点：动词短语应用）。
is intended for beginners：“为初学者设计” 译为 be intended for beginners，主语为单数，一般现在时（考点：固定短语应用）。
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷（语法填空）
题干：The author intends ________ (convey) the message that love can overcome all difficulties through this story.
答案：to convey解析：考查 intend to do sth. 结构，表 “打算传达信息”，符合 “作者通过故事表达主旨” 的语境（考点：不定式作宾语）。
2. 2024 年天津卷（阅读理解 B 篇）
题干：What is this app intended for
Helping users learn cooking. B. Helping users manage time.
Helping users buy clothes. D. Helping users play games.
答案：B解析：考查 be intended for 的词义（被设计用于），原文提到 “the app helps users make schedules and track tasks”，对应 “管理时间”，选项 B（考点：形容词短语在语境中的理解）。
9.die out灭亡;逐渐消失
[教材原句] Our planet’s species is dying out at an alarming rate.(P14) 我们地球上的物种正以惊人的速度灭绝。
【考点必记】
die of 死于……(一般指死于内因，如疾病、饥饿、情感原因等)
die from 死于……(一般指死于外因，如外伤、车祸、污染等)
die off 相继死去
die away减弱;消失;渐熄
die down逐渐降低,逐渐平息
【名师点津】
(1)die的 ing形式dying也可以作形容词，意为“垂死的；临死的”；be dying to do sth.“渴望/急于做某事”；be dying for sth渴望某事,极想要某事
(2)deadly 是形容词，意为 “致命的；极度的；彻底的”；而不是dead的副词形式。
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
①Many ancient languages are dying ________ because fewer and fewer people speak them.
②The old man died ________ a heart attack after waiting for his son for hours.
③The sound of the bell died ________ gradually as the students walked away.
④The fire finally died ________ after the firefighters worked for three hours.
(2)完成句子
⑤如果不采取紧急措施，这种珍稀鸟类将在十年内灭绝。
If no emergency measures are taken, this rare bird will ________ in ten years.
⑥随着现代生活方式的普及，一些传统手工艺正在逐渐消失。
With the popularity of modern lifestyles, some traditional crafts ________.
答案及解析
out：“语言逐渐消失” 用 die out（考点：短语搭配）。
of：“死于心脏病” 是内因，用 die of（考点：短语辨析）。
away：“铃声渐弱” 用 die away（考点：短语辨析）。
down：“火势平息” 用 die down（考点：短语辨析）。
die out：“灭绝” 译为 die out，will 后接动词原形（考点：短语应用）。
are dying out gradually：“逐渐消失” 译为 be dying out gradually，描述正在发生的过程用现在进行时（考点：时态 + 短语应用）。
【高考真题链接】
1.2023 年全国甲卷（阅读理解 C 篇）
题干：What is the main reason for the species dying out in this area
Lack of food. B. Habitat destruction. C. Natural disasters. D. Overpopulation.
答案：B解析：考查 die out 的词义（灭亡），题干问 “物种灭绝的主要原因”，原文提到 “human activities have destroyed their natural habitat”，对应选项 B（考点：短语在语境中的理解）。
2. 2024 年浙江卷（语法填空）
题干：Some traditional folk songs ________ (die out) if young people don’t learn and pass them on.
答案：will die out解析：考查 die out 的时态，if 从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，故填 will die out（考点：时态一致）。
10.be aware of意识到；知道
[教材原句] We must make people aware of the problem and help save the endangered wildlife before it’s too late!(P14) 我们必须让人们意识到这个问题并在还来得及之前帮助拯救濒危野生生物!
【考点必记】
(1)aware adj. 知道；发觉；有……意识的
be/become aware that ... 知道/意识到……
as far as I'm aware 据我所知
(2)awareness n. 意识；认识
develop an awareness of ... 培养……的意识
raise/improve the awareness of ... 提高……的意识
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
①People are becoming more aware ________ the importance of protecting biodiversity.
②As far as I’m ________ (aware), this is the first time he has won a national award.
③The campaign aims to raise public ________ (aware) of the risks of excessive screen time.
④She wasn’t aware ________ she had made a mistake until her teacher pointed it out.
(2)完成句子
⑤许多人没有意识到，节约用水对缓解全球水资源短缺至关重要。
Many people ________ saving water is crucial to relieving global water shortage.
⑥学校通过举办讲座和展览，提高学生的食品安全意识。
Schools ________ by holding lectures and exhibitions.
答案及解析
of：be aware of 为固定短语，表 “意识到……”（考点：固定介词搭配）。
aware：As far as I’m aware 为固定表达，表 “据我所知”（考点：固定句型）。
awareness：空前有 public，需填名词 awareness（考点：词性转换）。
that：be aware 后接宾语从句，从句不缺成分，用 that 引导（考点：宾语从句连接词）。
are not aware that：“没有意识到……” 译为 be not aware that 从句，主语为复数，一般现在时（考点：宾语从句 + 短语应用）。
raise students’ awareness of food safety：“提高学生的食品安全意识” 译为 raise students’ awareness of food safety，描述客观做法用一般现在时（考点：名词短语 + 动词短语）。
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年全国乙卷（书面表达）
题干：假定你是李华，你校将举办 “环保周” 活动，请你写一则通知，呼吁同学们提高环保意识。要求：包含 “be aware of” 或 “raise awareness” 短语。
参考范文：During the “Environmental Protection Week”, we hope all students will be aware of their role in protecting the environment and take practical actions.解析：考查 be aware of 的用法，表 “意识到自己的角色”，贴合通知中 “呼吁环保” 的场景，符合高考应用文的号召力要求（考点：短语在应用文的应用）。
2. 2025 年全国乙卷（模拟题）
题干：The survey shows that 60% of teenagers are not aware ________ the harm of staying up late.答案：of解析：考查 be aware of 短语，表 “没有意识到熬夜的危害”，of 不可省略（考点：固定介词搭配）。
11.due to 由于;因为
[教材原句] It is reported that living spaces for wildlife are being reduced due to the cutting of trees.(P18) 据报道,由于砍伐树木野生动物的生存空间正在减少。
【考点必记】
(1)due adj.由于;因为;到期的;应付的;应有的,常和to连用。
(2)be due to do sth预定做某事
be due for sth预定做某事
(be) due to sb应支付/给予/归于某人
[名师点津]
当due to表示“由于;因……造成;应给予”时,其中的to是介词,并且在句中常常作表语或状语;当due to意为“即将/预期做……”时后接不定式。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)The flight was cancelled due ________ heavy fog, causing many passengers to complain.
(2)The final exam is due ________ (take) in two weeks, so students are busy reviewing.
(3)The success of the project is due ________ the efforts of the entire team.
(4)The rent for this apartment is due ________ the 5th of every month.
[完成句子]
(5)由于天气不好运动会推迟了。
The sports meeting was put off ______________.
(6)下一班火车预计在五分钟后抵达。
The next train ______________ in five minutes.
答案及解析
(1)to：due to 为固定短语，表 “由于”（考点：固定介词搭配）。
(2)to take：be due to do sth. 表 “预定做某事”，故填 to take（考点：不定式作表语）。
(3)to：due to 表 “应归于”，“项目成功应归于团队努力”（考点：固定介词搭配）。
(4)on：“租金在每月 5 号到期”，具体日期前用介词 on（考点：介词搭配）。
(5)Due to：“由于缺乏经验” 译为 Due to lack of experience，句首首字母大写（考点：短语作状语）。
(6)is due to be shown：“原定上映” 译为 be due to be shown，“电影” 与 “上映” 为被动关系，故用被动语态（考点：被动语态 + 固定短语）。
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年北京卷（语法填空）
题干：The increase in air pollution is mainly due to ________ (burn) of fossil fuels.
答案：the burning解析：考查 due to 后接名词，“燃烧化石燃料” 译为 the burning of fossil fuels，burning 为动名词，需加 the 表特指（考点：动名词作宾语）。
2. 2024 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷（阅读理解 A 篇）
题干：Why was the concert delayed A. Due to the singer’s illness.B. Due to lack of audience.C. Due to bad equipment.D. Due to a power cut.
答案：A解析：考查 due to 作 “由于” 的用法，题干问 “音乐会推迟的原因”，原文提到 “the singer fell ill”，对应选项 A（考点：短语在语境中的理解）。
12.“Only＋状语从句”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装形式
[教材原句] Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.(P16) 只有学会和大自然和谐相处时,我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
【考点必记】
(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装,即把句子谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。
(2)如果only后接状语从句,该状语从句不倒装,只对主句进行倒装。
(3)当only位于句首修饰主语时,句子不用倒装。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)Only by practicing spoken English every day ________ (improve) your pronunciation.
(2)Only when you understand the rules ________ (avoid) making mistakes in the exam.
(3)Only after he finished his homework ________ (allow) to watch TV.
(4)Only in this way ________ (solve) the problem effectively.
[完成句子]（改为倒装句）
(5)We can realize our dreams only through persistent effort.
→ Only through persistent effort ________.
(6)You will know the value of health only when you lose it.
→ Only when you lose it ________.
答案及解析
(1)can we improve：Only + 介词短语置于句首，主句用 “can + 主语 + 动词原形” 倒装（考点：倒装结构 + 情态动词）。
(2)can you avoid：Only + 状语从句置于句首，主句用 “can + 主语 + 动词原形” 倒装（考点：倒装结构 + 情态动词）。
(3)was he allowed：Only + 时间状语置于句首，主句用被动语态 “was + 主语 + allowed” 倒装，he 与 allow 为被动关系（考点：倒装结构 + 被动语态）。
(4)can we solve：Only + 介词短语置于句首，主句用 “can + 主语 + 动词原形” 倒装（考点：倒装结构 + 情态动词）。
(5)can we realize our dreams：原句 Only 短语置于句首，主句 “can we realize” 部分倒装（考点：倒装结构转换）。
(6)will you know the value of health：原句 Only 从句置于句首，主句 “will you know” 部分倒装（考点：倒装结构转换）。
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年天津卷（语法填空）
题干：Only by respecting the differences between cultures ________ (promote) cross-cultural communication.
答案：can we promote解析：考查 Only + 介词短语置于句首的倒装，主句需部分倒装，“can” 提到主语 “we” 前，表 “只有尊重文化差异，才能促进跨文化交流”（考点：倒装结构 + 情态动词）。
2. 2024 年全国甲卷（语法填空）
题干：Only when the problem is properly analyzed ________ (find) a solution.
答案：can we find解析：考查 Only + 状语从句置于句首的倒装，从句不倒装，主句 “can we find” 部分倒装，符合 “只有正确分析问题，才能找到解决方案” 的语境（考点：倒装结构 + 状语从句）。
13.This/That is why... 这/那就是……的原因
[教材原句] This is why we’re here — to observe Tibetan antelopes.(P16) 这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
【考点必记】
(1)This/That is why...意为“这/那就是……的原因”, why引导的是表语从句,表示结果,后面接某事物造成的结果。
(2)This is because...“这是因为……”,其中because引导表语从句,用来解释原因,后面接某事造成的原因。
(3)The reason why...is/was that... “……的原因是……”,其中why引导定语从句,修饰前面的reason,that引导表语从句。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)He got up late this morning. That is ________ he missed the early bus.
(2)She failed the interview. That is because she ________ (not prepare) for it carefully.
(3)The reason why he is popular among classmates is ________ he is always ready to help others.
(4)We need to plant more trees. This is ________ trees can improve air quality.
[完成句子]
(5)他在比赛中刻苦训练，这就是他获得冠军的原因。
He trained hard in the competition. ________ he won the championship.
(6)我们应该减少使用一次性塑料，原因是它会造成严重的环境污染。
________ we should reduce the use of disposable plastics is that it causes serious environmental pollution.
答案及解析
(1)why：前句是原因（起晚了），后句是结果（错过公交），用 why（考点：连接词选择）。
(2)didn’t prepare：because 引导表语从句，描述过去的动作，用一般过去时（考点：从句时态）。
(3)that：The reason why...is that... 为固定句型，表语从句不缺成分，用 that（考点：连接词选择）。
(4)because：前句是结果（种树），后句是原因（树能改善空气质量），用 because（考点：连接词选择）。
(5)This is why：“这就是他获得冠军的原因” 译为 This is why，后接结果从句（考点：句型应用）。
(6)The reason why：“我们应该减少使用一次性塑料的原因” 译为 The reason why，引导定语从句（考点：句型应用）。
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年浙江卷（语法填空）
题干：People need to save water every day. This is ________ water shortage has become a global problem.
答案：why解析：考查 This is why... 句型，后接结果（“需要节约用水” 的结果是 “水资源短缺成全球问题”），故填 why（考点：表语从句连接词）。
2. 2024 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷（阅读理解 D 篇）
题干：What is the reason why the author recommends this book
It is easy to read. B. It is full of interesting stories.
It helps readers understand environmental issues. D. It is written by a famous author.
答案：C解析：考查 The reason why... 句型的理解，题干问 “推荐这本书的原因”，原文提到 “the book explains environmental problems clearly”，对应选项 C（考点：句型在语境中的应用）。
语法点
Grammar 现在进行时的被动语态
现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作。
[观察例句]
1．African elephants are being hunted.
2．What is being done to help them
3．What measures are being taken to help them
4．I am working at home today because my office is being painted.
[归纳用法]
一、现在进行时的被动语态的构成
be(am/is/are)＋ being＋ done
The bridge is being built across the river this month.
这个月人们正在建造横跨这条河的桥。
二、现在进行时的被动语态的结构
肯定句 主语＋be(am/is/are)＋being done
否定句 主语＋be(am/is/are)＋not＋ being done
一般疑问句 be(am/is/are)＋主语＋being done
特殊疑问句 疑问词＋be(am/is/are)＋主语＋being done
It is reported that the water in the lake is not being protected now.
据报道，这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。
Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse
这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？
Who is being trained for the coming English speech contest
为了即将举行的英语演讲比赛，谁正在被训练？
三、现在进行时的被动语态的用法
1．表示此刻正在进行的被动动作，句中常用now，at the moment等时间状语。
A new film is being shown in the theatre now.Let's go to see it.
电影院里正在上映新电影呢，咱们去看吧。
2．表示现阶段正被进行的动作，但此动作在此时此刻不一定正在发生。
—Could I use your car please
—Mine is being repaired by the workers.
——我能用你的车吗？
——我的车正在被工人们修着。
3．表示一种经常性的被动行为，常和always，constantly，frequently等表示频率的副词连用，这种用法常常带有说话者的赞扬或厌恶的感彩。
I feel very puzzled that the goods in our shop are always being stolen.
我感到很迷惑，我们商店的商品老是被偷。
4．表示按计划或安排主语将要承受谓语动词所表示的动作。
A party is being held tonight.
今晚将要举行一场晚会。
5．与部分情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。
He may be being scolded by his father at the very moment.
此刻他也许正被他父亲责骂。
（四）易错注意事项
不可漏 be 或 being：缺一则成一般现在时被动或系表结构
The report is written.（系表结构：报告写得好。）
The report is being written.（报告正在被撰写。）
动词短语介词不省略：如 take care of, look after 等
The babies are being looked after by nurses.（婴儿正由护士照看。）
部分动词不适用：非延续性动词、表所属 / 存在的动词（如 belong, have）等
The book is being belonged to him.
The book belongs to him.（这本书是他的。）
同义替换结构：be + under/in + 名词 = 现在进行时被动
例：The plan is under discussion. = The plan is being discussed.
【即时练】
（一）基础填空（用所给动词适当形式填空）
1. The old houses _______ (pull) down because of the new project.（now）
2. These problems _______ (always, talk) about in our class meetings.（表不满）
3. _______ the letters _______ (send) to the customers at the moment （一般疑问句）
4. My computer _______ (repair) this week, so I use my sister’s.（现阶段）
5. Who _______ (train) for the sports meeting now （特殊疑问句）
（二）进阶转换（按要求改写句子）
6. They are taking care of the homeless animals.（改为被动语态）
→ The homeless animals _______ _______ _______ _______ by them.
The machine is being checked by engineers.（改为否定句）
→ The machine _______ _______ _______ _______ by engineers.
Is the new song being sung by the singer （改为肯定句）
→ The new song _______ _______ _______ by the singer.
（三）易错辨析（选出错误选项并改正）
9. A. The problem is being solve.
B. The problem is being solved.
错误选项：_______ 改正：_______
10.A. The kids are being looked after.
B. The kids are being looked.
错误选项：_______ 改正：_______
答案
1. are being pulled 2. are always being talked 3. Are; being sent 4. is being repaired
5. is being trained 6. are being taken care of 7. isn’t being checked 8. is being sung
9. A; solved 10. B; looked after
【高考真题链接】
（一）2023 年新高考 II 卷（语法填空）
The museum’s collection _______ (study) by experts now to find their origins.
答案：is being studied
解析：由 now 可知动作正在进行，collection 与 study 为被动关系，故用现在进行时被动语态。
（二）2024 年全国甲卷（单项选择）
— Why is the road closed
— Because it _______ (repair) at the moment.
A. repairs B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. was repaired
答案：C
解析：at the moment 表此刻，road 与 repair 为被动关系，故选现在进行时被动语态。
（三）2025 年全国卷 I（语篇填空改编）
The artwork inspired by Go _______ (show) in the museum now, attracting many visitors.
答案：is being shown
解析：now 提示此刻进行，artwork 与 show 为被动关系，符合 “be + being + done” 结构。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
新人教版必修第二册Unit 2知识清单
重 点 单 词 1.average n. 平均数;平均水平 adj. 平均的;正常的;普通的 2.remind vt. 提醒;使想起 3.measure n.措施;方法 vt. 测量;度量;估量 4.attack n.&v. 攻击;抨击 5.due adj. 由于;因为 6.shoot vt.&vi. 射杀;射伤;发射→shot/shot/shooting (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 7.stir vt. 激发;搅动→stirred/ stirred/stirring (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 8.mass adj. 大量的;广泛的 n. 大量;堆;群 9.species n. 物种 10.living adj. 居住的;活的;在用的 n. 生活;生计 11.profit n. 利润;利益 12.goods n. 商品;货物 13.creature n. 生物;动物 14.deer n. 鹿→(pl.) deer 15.skin n. 皮;皮肤 16.poster n. 海报 17.plain n. 平原 adj. 简单明了的;直率的;平凡的 18.neighbourhood n. 临近的地方;街区 19.insect n. 昆虫 adj. 净得的;纯的 n.(=Internet) 网 21.habitat n. (动植物的)生活环境;栖息地 22.authority n. 官方;当权;权威
词 汇 拓 展 1.concern vt. 涉及;让……担忧→concerned adj. 担心的;关切的→concerning prep. 关于 2.aware adj. 知道;发觉;有……意识的→(反) unaware adj. 不知道的;没意识的→awareness n. 意识 3.reserve n. (动植物)保护区;储藏(量) vt. 预定;预留;保留→reservation n. 预定;保留 4.intend vt.&vi. 打算;计划;想要→intention n. 打算;目的;意图 5.exist vi. 存在;生存→existence n. 存在;生存→existing adj. 现有的;现存的 6.observe vt. 观察(到);注意;遵守→observation n. 观察 7.remove vt. 去除;移开;脱去→removal n. 移动;去除;免职;开除 8.adapt vi. 适应 vt. 使适应;使适合→adaptation n. 适应;改编本→adaptable adj. 能适应的 9.recover vi. 恢复;康复 vt. 找回;寻回→recovery n.恢复 10.endanger vt. 使遭受危险;危害→danger n. 危险→endangered adj. 濒危的→dangerous adj. 危险的 11.reduce vt. 减少→reduction n. 减少 12.alarm vt. 使惊恐;使害怕;使担心 n. 恐慌;警报;警报器→alarming adj. 惊人的;使惊恐的→alarmed adj. 惊慌的 13.immediately adv. 立刻→immediate adj. 立刻的 14.beauty n. 漂亮→beautiful adj. 漂亮的→beautify vt. 美化 15.threat n. 威胁→threaten vt. 威胁;危及→threatening adj. 威胁的;恐吓的 16.pressure n. 压力;要求→press v. 压,按 17.harmony n. 和谐;融洽→harmonious adj. 和谐的→harmoniously adv. 和谐地 18.emotion n. 感情;情感;情绪→emotional adj. 情绪化的 19.unusual adj. 不寻常的;特别的→(反) usual adj. 平常的→usually adv. 平常地 20.illegal adj. 非法的;不合法的→illegally adv. 非法地;不合法地→(反) legal adj. 合法的→legally adv. 合法地 21.extinct adj. 已灭绝的→extinction n. 灭绝 22.rate n. 速度;(比)率 vt. 划分等级→rating n. 等级;级别 23.hunt vt.&vi. 打猎;搜寻;追捕→hunting n. 打猎→hunter n. 猎人
重 点 短 语 1．on earth (放在疑问词之后表示强调)究竟；到底 2．die out灭亡；逐渐消失 3．aware of意识到；知道 4．on average平均 5．concerned about对……关切的；为……担忧的 6．adapt to适应 7．under pressure在压力下；承受压力 8．make out看清；听清；分清 9．remind sb.of sb./sth.使某人想起(类似的人或物) 10．watch over保护；照管；监督 11．day and night日日夜夜；夜以继日 12．due to由于；因为 13．search for搜索；查找 14．stir up激起
重 点 句 型 1．This is why we’re here—to observe Tibetan antelopes. 这就是我们来到此地的原因——观察藏羚羊。 2．Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 只有学会与大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。 3．When it comes to wildlife protection，all species—the good，the bad，and the ugly—should be treated equally. 谈到野生动植物保护，所有的物种——好的、坏的、丑的——都应该得到平等地对待。 4．Is it right to make animals homeless so that humans can have more paper 为了让人类有更多的纸张，使得动物无家可归，这样做对吗？ 5．That is what the animals really need most.那是动物们真正最需要的
课文语法填空
Many animals have disappeared during the history of the earth. The 1． (famous) of these animals are dinosaurs. They lived on the earth 2． (ten) of millions of years ago, long before humans came into 3． (be). There were many different kinds of dinosaur and a number of them have been found in China. When inspecting 4． (they) bones of a rare new species discovered in Chaoyang County, the scientists were surprised 5． (find) they could not only run like other dinosaurs, but also climb trees. They could tell this from the way the bones 6． (join) together.
Dinosaurs died 7． quickly about 65 million years ago. Some scientists think it came after a large rock hit the earth. Others think the earth got 8． hot for the dinosaurs to live on any more. Nobody knows for sure why and how dinosaurs disappeared from the earth in such 39． short time. We know many other wild plants, animals, insects and birds 10． (die) out more recently.
知识点
1.average n．平均数；平均水平adj.平均的；正常的；普通的v.平均为；计算出……的平均数
[教材原句] How many elephants are killed on average every day (P14) 每天平均有多少大象被杀死
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中average的词性及含义)
①(2022·浙江1月高考)The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.__________
②It's said that the newspaper office receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day._________
③(2020·天津高考)And I have never known an average man who had both._________
④The hotel averages 50 to 100 foreign guests daily._________
【词块必记】
an average of 平均有(后跟数词)
on (the) average 平均(起来)
above/below (the) average 在平均水平以上/以下
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)The monthly average temperature in this city ________ (drop) by 2℃ over the past decade due to global warming.
(2)An average of 200 students ________ (participate) in the volunteer activity every semester.
(3)As we all know, ________ average, a healthy adult needs 7-8 hours of sleep daily.
(4)The cost of living here is well above ________ average, making it hard for young people to settle down.
[完成句子]
(5)据统计，我国每个家庭平均每年产生约 1.2 吨生活垃圾。
According to statistics, each family in China produces ________ about 1.2 tons of domestic waste every year.
(6)这个班学生的数学成绩低于年级平均水平，老师决定加强辅导。
The students’ math scores in this class are ________, so the teacher decides to strengthen tutoring.
【高考真题链接】
2023 年浙江卷The average rainfall in the area has decreased by 15% compared with that of last year, ________ (make) the farmland dry.
2024 年全国乙卷（阅读理解 A 篇）What is the average number of books borrowed per person in the city library every month
A. 3 B. 5 C. 8 D. 10
2.concern vt.涉及;让……担忧
[教材原句] I’m concerned about the African elephants.(P15) 我担心非洲大象。
【词块必记】
(1)concern oneself about ... 关心……
(2)show concern for ... 对……表示关心
(3)concerned adj. 担心的；关切的
be concerned about/for 对……关切的；为……担忧的
as/so far as ...be concerned 就……而言
[名师点津]
形容词concerned作前置定语时,意为“关心的,挂念的,担心的”;作后置定语时,意为“相关的,有关的”。例如:a concerned look意为“关切的神情”;the authorities concerned意为“有关当局”。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)The report mainly concerns ________ (protect) the habitat of endangered species.
(2)All parents are concerned ________ their children’s physical and mental health.
(3)As far as I ________ (concern), online learning has both advantages and disadvantages.
(4)The meeting will invite experts and ________ (concern) citizens to discuss air pollution.
[完成句子]
(5)许多人担忧人工智能的发展会导致大量失业。
Many people ________ the development of AI will lead to mass unemployment.
(6)就英语学习而言，我认为词汇积累比语法记忆更重要。
________, I think vocabulary accumulation is more important than grammar memorization.
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年北京卷（书面表达）
题干：假定你是李华，你的英国笔友 Peter 来信说他担忧自己的中文学习进度，请你回信安慰他并给出建议。要求：包含 “be concerned about” 或 “show concern for” 短语。
2. 2024 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷（语法填空）
题干：The survey, which concerns the use of electronic devices among teenagers, ________ (conduct) last month.
3.adapt vi.适应 vt.使适应;使适合
[教材原句] Elephants need large living spaces,so it’s difficult for them to adapt to the changes.(P15) 大象需要巨大的生存空间,所以它们很难适应这些变化。
【词块必记】
(1)adapt oneself to 使自己适应于……
adapt ...to ... 使……适应……
adapt to 适合；适应
(2)adapt sth.from 根据……改编某物
be adapted for 为……而改写/改编
(3)adaptation n. 适应；改编；改编本；改写本
adaptable adj. 有适应能力的，能适应的
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
①It takes time for freshmen to adapt ________ (they) to the independent life in college.
②This TV play, which ________ (adapt) from a popular novel, has won high praise.
③The ability to adapt ________ changing circumstances is essential for personal growth.
④His latest work is an ________ (adapt) of a classic story set in ancient China.
⑤On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of ________ (adapt) — not to air or to food, but to the ocean.
[完成句子]
⑥为了帮助留守儿童适应城市生活，社区开展了一系列关爱活动。
To help left-behind children ________, the community has launched a series of caring activities.
⑦这部歌剧是根据莫言的小说《红高粱家族》改编的，很受观众欢迎。
This opera ________ Mo Yan’s novel Red Sorghum Clan and is very popular with audiences.
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年全国甲卷（阅读理解 B 篇）
题干：Why do some animals fail to adapt to climate change
A.They lack food sources. B. They can’t change their habits.
C. They are hunted by humans. D. They lose their natural enemies.
2. 2024 年浙江卷（语法填空）
题干：The play, ________ (adapt) for children aged 5-8, simplifies the original plot while keeping its core message.
4.measure vt.测量；估量；度量vi.(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为n.措施；方法；尺寸
[教材原句] What measures are being taken to help them (P15) 正在采取什么措施帮助它们
【词块必记】
归纳点拨 (1)take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
make ...to one's measure 依照某人的尺寸做……(2)be measured by/in 用……来衡量/计算
名师点津 measure表示“(测量后)有……长(或宽、高、大等)”时是系动词，用主动形式表示被动含义。若表示此意义的短语作后置定语时，要用现在分词形式。
【即时练】
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中measure的含义)
①We must pay attention to these problems and take effective measures to solve them.________
②This line measures four times as long as that one.________
③It seemed as if the suit was made to his own measure. ________
④To measure the volunteers' mental ability, the scientists ask them to take the tests.________
(1)单句语法填空
⑤The government has taken strict ________ (measure) to reduce carbon emissions.
⑥This rope measures 50 meters in length and ________ (use) for climbing.
⑦The tailor will make a suit ________ your measure, so it will fit you perfectly.
⑧We need to measure the success of the project ________ the number of people it helps.
(2)完成句子
A.为保护长江江豚，当地政府采取了禁止非法捕鱼的措施。
To protect the Yangtze finless porpoise, the local government has ________ illegal fishing.
B.这座新建的图书馆长 80 米、宽 40 米，可容纳 2000 名读者。
The newly-built library ________, and can hold 2,000 readers.
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年天津卷（语法填空）
题干：The ancient tower, which ________ (measure) 30 meters high, has stood here for over 500 years.
2. 2025 年全国甲卷（模拟题）
题干：What measures have been taken to deal with the problem of plastic pollution
A.Banning single-use plastics. B. Increasing plastic production.
C. Ignoring public opinions. D. Cutting down trees.
5.observe vt.观察(到);注视;遵守
[教材原句] This is why we’re here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.(P16)这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
归纳点拨 (1)observe sb.do sth. 观察到某人做了某事
observe sb.doing sth. 观察到某人正在做某事
observe sb./sth.done 观察到某人/某物被……
(2)observation n. 观察；观测
名师点津 observe作“观察到；注意到”讲时，可用省去to的动词不定式或v. ing形式作宾语补足语； 但如果用于被动语态， 省去的动词不定式符号to要还原。类似的词还有： see, watch, notice, hear, feel, have, make等。
【即时练】
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中observe的含义)
①We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.________
②Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe the traditional customs._______
③Could you tell me how you usually observe the festival in your country？________
④Observe carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.________
(1)单句语法填空
⑤The researcher observed the mice ________ (run) around the cage for 20 minutes.
⑥It is everyone’s duty to observe the ________ (rule) of public order.
⑦Many families observe the tradition of ________ (eat) dumplings on New Year’s Eve.
⑧The students were observed ________ (discuss) the problem actively in groups.
完成句子
⑨科学家通过长期观察发现，这种鸟每年都会迁徙到温暖的南方。
Through long-term observation, scientists ________ this kind of bird migrates to the warm south every year.
⑩在这个国家，人们会通过举办花展来庆祝樱花节。
In this country, people ________ by holding flower exhibitions.
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年全国乙卷（语法填空）
题干：When the teacher observed the students ________ (struggle) with the math problem, she offered help immediately.
2. 2024 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷（阅读理解 C 篇）
题干：Why do people in this region observe the “Tree-Planting Day” A. To earn money.B. To protect the environment.C. To show off wealth.D. To waste time.
6.remind vt.提醒;使想起
[教材原句] I’m also reminded of the danger they are in.(P16) 我也被提醒它们所处的危险。
【词块必记】
(1)remind sb.of sth. 提醒某人某事
remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that ... 使某人想起……
(2)reminder n. 提醒物；提示
[名师点津] remind后不能接双宾语,不能说remind sb sth。
常见“v.＋sb.＋of sth.”的短语：
①inform sb.of sth. 通知某人某事
②rob sb.of sth. 抢劫某人某物
③warn sb.of sth. 警告某人某事
④convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
①Please remind me ________ (call) my mother tonight—she’s waiting for my report.
②The old photo reminds me ________ my childhood spent in the countryside.
③This app sends a ________ (remind) to users every morning to drink enough water.
④He reminded me that we ________ (meet) at the school gate at 8 o’clock tomorrow.
(2)完成句子
⑤这个标志提醒司机在学校区域减速慢行。
This sign ________ in the school zone.
⑥听到这首老歌，奶奶想起了她年轻时的美好时光。
Hearing this old song, Grandma ________ when she was young.
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年浙江卷（书面表达）
题干：假定你是李华，你和同学计划周末去敬老院慰问老人，请给班长张明写一封邮件，提醒他携带必要物品（如水果、节目单）。要求：包含 “remind sb. to do sth.” 短语。
2. 2024 年北京卷（语法填空）
题干：The scenery here reminds me of ________ small town I visited last year.
7.remove vt.去除;移开;脱去
[教材原句] The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015,the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list.(P16)羚羊数量已经恢复,并且在2015年6月,藏羚羊从濒危物种的名单中被移除。
【词块必记】
(1)remove sth.
(2)remove sb.from the school/office勒令某人退学/辞职
remove one's doubt/trouble 消除某人的疑虑/烦恼
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中remove的含义)
①He removed his hand from her shoulder.________
②The company has removed the manager from his post due to his poor performance.________
③Our office has been removed to Shanghai from Beijing________
④Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.________
⑤He removed his hat and gloves. ________
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
⑥The workers were busy removing rubbish ________ the river to protect water quality.
⑦He was removed ________ his position as manager because of his poor performance.
⑧Please remove your shoes before entering the room—this is a ________ (tradition) custom here.
⑨The doctor advised her to remove the bandage ________ (careful) to avoid hurting the wound.
(2)完成句子
⑩为了改善空气质量，政府已采取措施从城市中心移除高污染工厂。
To improve air quality, the government has taken measures to ________ from the city center.
工作人员用特殊工具清除了墙上的旧海报，让墙面恢复整洁。
The staff used special tools to ________, making the wall clean again.
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年江苏卷（阅读理解 A 篇）
题干：What did the volunteers do to protect the lake
A.They added more fish to the lake. B. They removed plastic waste from the lake.
C. They poured clean water into the lake. D. They planted trees around the lake.
2. 2024 年全国甲卷（语法填空）
题干：The old books, which were no longer needed, ________ (remove) from the library last week to make space for new ones.
8.intend vi.& vt.打算;计划;想要
[教材原句] The government,however,does not intend to stop the protection programmes,since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.(P16) 然而,政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目,因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。
【词块必记】
(1)intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
(2)be intended to do 为了做……
be intended for 专门为……而设计的；专供……使用的
had intended to do sth.＝intended to have done sth. 本打算做某事(但没有做)
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)She intends ________ (take) a gap year before going to college to travel around the world.
(2)This course is intended ________ students who want to improve their business English.
(3)We had intended ________ (attend) the meeting, but we were delayed by heavy traffic.
(4)His ________ (intend) to help the poor has won him great respect from the community.
[完成句子]
(5)政府打算投资更多资金用于乡村教育，改善农村学校的设施。
The government ________ more money in rural education to improve the facilities of rural schools.
(6)这本字典是为初学者设计的，解释简单易懂。
This dictionary ________, with simple and easy-to-understand explanations.
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷（语法填空）
题干：The author intends ________ (convey) the message that love can overcome all difficulties through this story.
2. 2024 年天津卷（阅读理解 B 篇）
题干：What is this app intended for
Helping users learn cooking. B. Helping users manage time.
Helping users buy clothes. D. Helping users play games.
9.die out灭亡;逐渐消失
[教材原句] Our planet’s species is dying out at an alarming rate.(P14) 我们地球上的物种正以惊人的速度灭绝。
【考点必记】
die of 死于……(一般指死于内因，如疾病、饥饿、情感原因等)
die from 死于……(一般指死于外因，如外伤、车祸、污染等)
die off 相继死去
die away减弱;消失;渐熄
die down逐渐降低,逐渐平息
【名师点津】
(1)die的 ing形式dying也可以作形容词，意为“垂死的；临死的”；be dying to do sth.“渴望/急于做某事”；be dying for sth渴望某事,极想要某事
(2)deadly 是形容词，意为 “致命的；极度的；彻底的”；而不是dead的副词形式。
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
①Many ancient languages are dying ________ because fewer and fewer people speak them.
②The old man died ________ a heart attack after waiting for his son for hours.
③The sound of the bell died ________ gradually as the students walked away.
④The fire finally died ________ after the firefighters worked for three hours.
(2)完成句子
⑤如果不采取紧急措施，这种珍稀鸟类将在十年内灭绝。
If no emergency measures are taken, this rare bird will ________ in ten years.
⑥随着现代生活方式的普及，一些传统手工艺正在逐渐消失。
With the popularity of modern lifestyles, some traditional crafts ________.
【高考真题链接】
1.2023 年全国甲卷（阅读理解 C 篇）
题干：What is the main reason for the species dying out in this area
Lack of food. B. Habitat destruction. C. Natural disasters. D. Overpopulation.
2. 2024 年浙江卷（语法填空）
题干：Some traditional folk songs ________ (die out) if young people don’t learn and pass them on.
10.be aware of意识到；知道
[教材原句] We must make people aware of the problem and help save the endangered wildlife before it’s too late!(P14) 我们必须让人们意识到这个问题并在还来得及之前帮助拯救濒危野生生物!
【考点必记】
(1)aware adj. 知道；发觉；有……意识的
be/become aware that ... 知道/意识到……
as far as I'm aware 据我所知
(2)awareness n. 意识；认识
develop an awareness of ... 培养……的意识
raise/improve the awareness of ... 提高……的意识
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
①People are becoming more aware ________ the importance of protecting biodiversity.
②As far as I’m ________ (aware), this is the first time he has won a national award.
③The campaign aims to raise public ________ (aware) of the risks of excessive screen time.
④She wasn’t aware ________ she had made a mistake until her teacher pointed it out.
(2)完成句子
⑤许多人没有意识到，节约用水对缓解全球水资源短缺至关重要。
Many people ________ saving water is crucial to relieving global water shortage.
⑥学校通过举办讲座和展览，提高学生的食品安全意识。
Schools ________ by holding lectures and exhibitions.
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年全国乙卷（书面表达）
题干：假定你是李华，你校将举办 “环保周” 活动，请你写一则通知，呼吁同学们提高环保意识。要求：包含 “be aware of” 或 “raise awareness” 短语。
2. 2025 年全国乙卷（模拟题）
题干：The survey shows that 60% of teenagers are not aware ________ the harm of staying up late.
11.due to 由于;因为
[教材原句] It is reported that living spaces for wildlife are being reduced due to the cutting of trees.(P18) 据报道,由于砍伐树木野生动物的生存空间正在减少。
【考点必记】
(1)due adj.由于;因为;到期的;应付的;应有的,常和to连用。
(2)be due to do sth预定做某事
be due for sth预定做某事
(be) due to sb应支付/给予/归于某人
[名师点津]
当due to表示“由于;因……造成;应给予”时,其中的to是介词,并且在句中常常作表语或状语;当due to意为“即将/预期做……”时后接不定式。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)The flight was cancelled due ________ heavy fog, causing many passengers to complain.
(2)The final exam is due ________ (take) in two weeks, so students are busy reviewing.
(3)The success of the project is due ________ the efforts of the entire team.
(4)The rent for this apartment is due ________ the 5th of every month.
[完成句子]
(5)由于天气不好运动会推迟了。
The sports meeting was put off ______________.
(6)下一班火车预计在五分钟后抵达。
The next train ______________ in five minutes.
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年北京卷（语法填空）
题干：The increase in air pollution is mainly due to ________ (burn) of fossil fuels.
2. 2024 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷（阅读理解 A 篇）
题干：Why was the concert delayed A. Due to the singer’s illness.B. Due to lack of audience.C. Due to bad equipment.D. Due to a power cut.
12.“Only＋状语从句”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装形式
[教材原句] Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.(P16) 只有学会和大自然和谐相处时,我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
【考点必记】
(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装,即把句子谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。
(2)如果only后接状语从句,该状语从句不倒装,只对主句进行倒装。
(3)当only位于句首修饰主语时,句子不用倒装。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)Only by practicing spoken English every day ________ (improve) your pronunciation.
(2)Only when you understand the rules ________ (avoid) making mistakes in the exam.
(3)Only after he finished his homework ________ (allow) to watch TV.
(4)Only in this way ________ (solve) the problem effectively.
[完成句子]（改为倒装句）
(5)We can realize our dreams only through persistent effort.
→ Only through persistent effort ________.
(6)You will know the value of health only when you lose it.
→ Only when you lose it ________.
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年天津卷（语法填空）
题干：Only by respecting the differences between cultures ________ (promote) cross-cultural communication.
2. 2024 年全国甲卷（语法填空）
题干：Only when the problem is properly analyzed ________ (find) a solution.
13.This/That is why... 这/那就是……的原因
[教材原句] This is why we’re here — to observe Tibetan antelopes.(P16) 这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
【考点必记】
(1)This/That is why...意为“这/那就是……的原因”, why引导的是表语从句,表示结果,后面接某事物造成的结果。
(2)This is because...“这是因为……”,其中because引导表语从句,用来解释原因,后面接某事造成的原因。
(3)The reason why...is/was that... “……的原因是……”,其中why引导定语从句,修饰前面的reason,that引导表语从句。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)He got up late this morning. That is ________ he missed the early bus.
(2)She failed the interview. That is because she ________ (not prepare) for it carefully.
(3)The reason why he is popular among classmates is ________ he is always ready to help others.
(4)We need to plant more trees. This is ________ trees can improve air quality.
[完成句子]
(5)他在比赛中刻苦训练，这就是他获得冠军的原因。
He trained hard in the competition. ________ he won the championship.
(6)我们应该减少使用一次性塑料，原因是它会造成严重的环境污染。
________ we should reduce the use of disposable plastics is that it causes serious environmental pollution.
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023 年浙江卷（语法填空）
题干：People need to save water every day. This is ________ water shortage has become a global problem.
2. 2024 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷（阅读理解 D 篇）
题干：What is the reason why the author recommends this book
It is easy to read. B. It is full of interesting stories.
It helps readers understand environmental issues. D. It is written by a famous author.
语法点
Grammar 现在进行时的被动语态
现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作。
[观察例句]
1．African elephants are being hunted.
2．What is being done to help them
3．What measures are being taken to help them
4．I am working at home today because my office is being painted.
[归纳用法]
一、现在进行时的被动语态的构成
be(am/is/are)＋ being＋ done
The bridge is being built across the river this month.
这个月人们正在建造横跨这条河的桥。
二、现在进行时的被动语态的结构
肯定句 主语＋be(am/is/are)＋being done
否定句 主语＋be(am/is/are)＋not＋ being done
一般疑问句 be(am/is/are)＋主语＋being done
特殊疑问句 疑问词＋be(am/is/are)＋主语＋being done
It is reported that the water in the lake is not being protected now.
据报道，这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。
Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse
这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？
Who is being trained for the coming English speech contest
为了即将举行的英语演讲比赛，谁正在被训练？
三、现在进行时的被动语态的用法
1．表示此刻正在进行的被动动作，句中常用now，at the moment等时间状语。
A new film is being shown in the theatre now.Let's go to see it.
电影院里正在上映新电影呢，咱们去看吧。
2．表示现阶段正被进行的动作，但此动作在此时此刻不一定正在发生。
—Could I use your car please
—Mine is being repaired by the workers.
——我能用你的车吗？
——我的车正在被工人们修着。
3．表示一种经常性的被动行为，常和always，constantly，frequently等表示频率的副词连用，这种用法常常带有说话者的赞扬或厌恶的感彩。
I feel very puzzled that the goods in our shop are always being stolen.
我感到很迷惑，我们商店的商品老是被偷。
4．表示按计划或安排主语将要承受谓语动词所表示的动作。
A party is being held tonight.
今晚将要举行一场晚会。
5．与部分情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。
He may be being scolded by his father at the very moment.
此刻他也许正被他父亲责骂。
（四）易错注意事项
不可漏 be 或 being：缺一则成一般现在时被动或系表结构
The report is written.（系表结构：报告写得好。）
The report is being written.（报告正在被撰写。）
动词短语介词不省略：如 take care of, look after 等
The babies are being looked after by nurses.（婴儿正由护士照看。）
部分动词不适用：非延续性动词、表所属 / 存在的动词（如 belong, have）等
The book is being belonged to him.
The book belongs to him.（这本书是他的。）
同义替换结构：be + under/in + 名词 = 现在进行时被动
例：The plan is under discussion. = The plan is being discussed.
【即时练】
（一）基础填空（用所给动词适当形式填空）
1. The old houses _______ (pull) down because of the new project.（now）
2. These problems _______ (always, talk) about in our class meetings.（表不满）
3. _______ the letters _______ (send) to the customers at the moment （一般疑问句）
4. My computer _______ (repair) this week, so I use my sister’s.（现阶段）
5. Who _______ (train) for the sports meeting now （特殊疑问句）
（二）进阶转换（按要求改写句子）
6. They are taking care of the homeless animals.（改为被动语态）
→ The homeless animals _______ _______ _______ _______ by them.
The machine is being checked by engineers.（改为否定句）
→ The machine _______ _______ _______ _______ by engineers.
Is the new song being sung by the singer （改为肯定句）
→ The new song _______ _______ _______ by the singer.
（三）易错辨析（选出错误选项并改正）
9. A. The problem is being solve.
B. The problem is being solved.
错误选项：_______ 改正：_______
10.A. The kids are being looked after.
B. The kids are being looked.
错误选项：_______ 改正：_______
【高考真题链接】
（一）2023 年新高考 II 卷（语法填空）
The museum’s collection _______ (study) by experts now to find their origins.
（二）2024 年全国甲卷（单项选择）
— Why is the road closed
— Because it _______ (repair) at the moment.
A. repairs B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. was repaired
（三）2025 年全国卷 I（语篇填空改编）
The artwork inspired by Go _______ (show) in the museum now, attracting many visitors.
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