2026年中考语法复习：直接引语与间接引语（重难点、易错点 中考真题 强化训练）（含解析）

中考语法复习：直接引语与间接引语
（重难点、易错点 中考真题 强化训练）
第一部分：定义与核心概念（从“复制”到“转述”）
一、直接引语
定义：一字不改地引用别人的原话。原话放在引号内，不作任何变动。
标志：带有引号（“ ”）。
例：He said, "I am very happy today."
She asked me, "Where are you going "
二、间接引语
定义：用自己的话转述别人的意思。不用引号，通常以宾语从句的形式出现。
标志：通常由引导词（如 that, if, whether, 疑问词等）引导一个从句。
例：He said that he was very happy that day.
She asked me where I was going.
二者之间的核心转变：
将直接引语变为间接引语，本质上是将“别人的原话”融入“我的句子”中，因此需要在人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等方面进行相应的调整。
第二部分：重点规则详解与分层巩固练习
一、重点一：人称的变化
黄金法则：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”
这个口诀是解决人称混淆问题的关键，我们来深入解析并举例：
“一随主”：直接引语中的第一人称（I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours）要根据主句的主语进行变化。
详解：转述时，原话中的“我/我们”要变成主句主语所对应的人称。
例： She said, "I am thirsty." → She said that she was thirsty.
（引语中的 I 随主句主语 She 变成了 she）
“二随宾”：直接引语中的第二人称（you, your, yours）要根据主句的宾语进行变化。如果主句没有宾语，则需根据上下文逻辑判断“你”指代的是谁（我、他、她、他们等）。
详解：原话中的“你/你们”要变成主句宾语所对应的人称。
例：She said to Tom, "You should go."
→ She told Tom that he should go.
（引语中的 You 随主句宾语 Tom 变成了 he）
“第三人称不更新”：直接引语中的第三人称（he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs）通常保持不变。
详解：因为第三人称本身就是指代第三方，转述时指代对象未变，故无需改变。
例： Mary said, "He is a good student."
→ Mary said that he was a good student. （He 是第三人称，不变）
练习一：人称变化 (8题)
请将下列直接引语变为间接引语，特别注意人称的变化。
1. I said to her, "I need your help."
2. Tom and Jerry said, "We won the game."
3. The teacher said to the class, "You must hand in your homework tomorrow."
4. My mother said to me, "Your friend called you."
5. He said, "She loves her job."
6. "I can't find my keys," he said.
7. "You have grown so tall," my uncle said to me.
8. They said to us, "We will share our notes with you."
二、重点二：时态的变化——“时态后退一步法”
这是间接引语最核心、也是最容易出错的规则。前提是：主句的引述动词（如 said, told）是过去时态。
（一）时态变化对照表 务必熟记！
直接引语时态 间接引语时态 语法解释 示例（直接→间接）
一般现在时 一般过去时 现在的事实变成过去转述的事实 He said, "I like coffee." → He said he liked coffee.
现在进行时 过去进行时 正在进行的动作变成过去正在进行的动作 She said, "I am reading." → She said she was reading.
一般将来时 (will) 过去将来时 (would) 将来的打算变成过去谈及的将来打算 He said, "I will come." → He said he would come.
现在完成时 过去完成时 已经完成的动作变成“过去的过去” They said, "We have finished." → They said they had finished.
一般过去时 过去完成时 (had done) 过去的动作变成“过去的过去” She said, "I bought a book." → She said she had bought a book.
过去完成时 过去完成时（不变） “过去的过去”保持不变 He said, "I had left." → He said he had left.
情态动词 (can, may, must) 过去形式 (could, might, had to) 情态动词变成其过去式
★时态不变的特殊情况：中考高频考点！
主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时：如果主句动词是 says, has said, will say 等，表明转述动作是现在或将来发生的，间接引语的时态保持不变。
例： He says, "I am busy." → He says that he is busy.
She will say, "I can't go." → She will say that she can't go.
客观真理、科学事实、格言谚语：
例： The teacher said, "The earth is round." → The teacher said that the earth is round. （地球是圆的是客观事实）
当直接引语是虚拟语气或表示反复性或习惯性的动作时（此点在中考中出现概率较低，但需了解）：
例： He said, "It's time we started." → He said it was time we started. （虚拟语气不变）
She said, "I always get up early." → She said she always got up early. （习惯性动作，也可用一般过去时转述）
练习二：时态变化 (12题)
将下列直接引语变为间接引语，特别注意时态的变化。
1. "I work in a bank," he said.
2. "It is snowing heavily," she exclaimed.
3. "We are going to visit Paris next year," they told me.
4. "I have already eaten lunch," he said.
5. "I saw that movie last week," she said.
6. "I had never seen such a beautiful place before I came here," he said.
7. "Water freezes at zero degrees Celsius," the physicist said.
8. My father often says, "Honesty is the best policy."
9. "I must finish this report today," the secretary said.
10. "You may need an umbrella," he warned us.
11. "When I was a child, I wanted to be a firefighter," she recalled.
12. "The train leaves at 8 PM," the announcement said.
三、重点三：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化
核心变化汇总表：必背！
类别 直接引语 间接引语 示例（直接→间接）
指示代词 this that "I need this pen." → He said he needed that pen.
these those "These apples are fresh." → She said those apples were fresh.
时间状语 now then "I'm busy now." → He said he was busy then.
today that day "I'll do it today." → She said she would do it that day.
tonight that night "See you tonight." → He said he would see me that night.
yesterday the day before "He came yesterday." → She said he had come the day before.
tomorrow the next day / the following day "The meeting is tomorrow." → He said the meeting was the next day.
... ago ... before "I arrived an hour ago." → He said he had arrived an hour before.
last night/week the previous night/week "I called you last night." → She said she had called me the previous night.
next week/year the next week/year "She'll be back next week." → He said she would be back the next week.
地点状语 here there "Put the book here." → He told me to put the book there.
动词 come go "I'll come to your party." → He said he would go to my party.
bring take "Please bring your book." → She asked me to take my book.
注意：如果转述行为发生在同一天、同一地点，时间地点状语可以不变。但在考试中，严格按照规则变化是最安全、最不会出错的选择。
练习三：状语与动词变化 (8题)
将下列直接引语变为间接引语，注意状语和动词的变化。
1. "I bought these flowers for my mother yesterday," he said.
2. "We are having a party here tonight," they said.
3. "I will finish the project by tomorrow," she promised.
4. "My brother graduated from college two years ago," she told me.
5. "Please come to my office now," the manager said to his assistant.
6. "I left my umbrella here last Friday," he mentioned.
7. "Can you bring your laptop to me next Monday " he asked.
8. "We visited that museum last summer," they said.
第三部分：难点与易错点突破（不同句型的转述）
一、难点一：祈使句的转述（从“命令/请求”到“动词不定式”）
祈使句的间接引语不再是宾语从句，而要改用动词不定式结构。关键是选择合适的引述动词。
1. 肯定祈使句：使用 ask / tell / order / advise / encourage / remind sb. to do sth. 结构。根据语气强弱选择动词（ask最客气，order最强硬）。
"Please wait for me," she said to him.
→ She asked him to wait for her.
"Close the door," the teacher said.
→ The teacher told us to close the door.
"Fire!" the captain said to the soldiers.
→ The captain ordered the soldiers to fire.
2. 否定祈使句：使用 ask / tell / order sb. not to do sth. 结构。
"Don't be late," he said. → He told me not to be late.
"Don't touch the exhibits," the guide said.
→ The guide asked the visitors not to touch the exhibits.
3. 以Let's...开头的祈使句：通常用 suggest + v-ing / that从句。
"Let's go for a walk," he said.
→ He suggested going for a walk.
或 He suggested that we (should) go for a walk.
练习四：祈使句转述 (6题)
将下列祈使句变为间接引语。
1. "Please pass me the salt," she said to him.
2. "Don't make any noise," the librarian said to the students.
3. "Be careful with the fragile items," the mover said to us.
4. "Let's try the new Italian restaurant," she said.
5. "Never give up on your dreams," the speaker said to the audience.
6. "Put your hands up!" the police officer said to the thief.
二、难点二：疑问句的转述（从“问句”到“陈述句语序”）
核心变化：语序必须变为陈述句语序（主语在前，谓语在后），并且不再使用助动词do/does/did。
1. 一般疑问句（Yes/No问句）：用 if 或 whether 引导。Whether 比 If 更正式。
"Are you OK " he asked. → He asked if I was OK.
"Did you enjoy the concert " she asked. → She asked whether I had enjoyed the concert.
2. 特殊疑问句（Wh-问句）：用原疑问词（what, who, when, where, why, how等）引导。
"What is your name " he asked. → He asked what my name was.
"Where did you put the keys " she asked. → She asked where I had put the keys.
"How often do you exercise " the doctor asked. → The doctor asked how often I exercised.
练习五：疑问句转述 (8题)
将下列疑问句变为间接引语。
1. "Is it raining outside " he asked.
2. "Can you speak Japanese " the interviewer asked her.
3. "Why are you laughing " the teacher asked the student.
4. "What time does the store open " the customer asked.
5. "Have you ever been to London " he asked me.
6. "Which color do you prefer, red or blue " she asked.
7. "Will you be attending the meeting " the manager asked his colleague.
8. "Who is responsible for this project " the director asked.
三、易错点总结与辨析：
1. 混淆say和tell：say后不直接跟人，常用say to sb. that...；tell后必须跟人，tell sb. that...。Tell 常用于命令或指示。
2. 语序错误（最高频错误！）：务必记住：间接引语中没有疑问句语序。
错误：He asked where did I live.
正确：He asked where I lived.
3. 遗漏连词：转述陈述句时，that可以省略；但转述一般疑问句时，if/whether绝不能省略。
4. 混合变化考虑不周：一个句子中往往同时涉及人称、时态、状语等多种变化，要全面检查，不可遗漏任何一项。
第四部分：三年真题强化训练（实战演练）
1. — Could you please tell me ______
— Sure. It's next to the post office.
A. where is the library B. where the library is
C. the library is where D. where was the library
2. Our geography teacher told us that the Yangtze River ______ the longest river in China.
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
3. My mother called and asked me ______.
A. when did I get home B. when I got home
C. when I get home D. when do I get home
4. The sign on the door warns people ______ because the floor is wet.
A. not enter B. not to enter
C. to not enter D. don't enter
5. He wondered ______.
A. how much did the book cost B. how much the book cost
C. how much the book costs D. how much does the book cost
6. She said she ______ to the supermarket before she came home.
A. goes B. went C. has gone D. had gone
第五部分：综合强化训练 (满分100分)
一、单项选择 (每题2分，共30分)
1. "I'm learning French," he said. He said that ______ French.
A. he is learning B. he was learning
C. I was learning D. he learns
2. She wanted to know ______ I had received her email.
A. that B. if C. what D. which
3. The doctor advised the patient ______.
A. to not smoke B. not smoking
C. not to smoke D. don't smoke
4. They explained that they ______ each other since childhood.
A. have known B. had known
C. knew D. know
5. "We'll have a holiday tomorrow," she said. She said that they would have a holiday ______.
A. tomorrow B. the next day
C. next day D. the day before
6. We learned that light ______ faster than sound.
A. travelled B. travels
C. had travelled D. would travel
7. "What are you talking about " he asked. He asked us ______ about.
A. what we are talking B. what were we talking
C. what we were talking D. what are you talking
8. "Let me pay for the dinner," he said. He insisted ______.
A. on paying for the dinner B. to pay for the dinner
C. paying for the dinner D. that he pays for the dinner
9. He said, "What a pity!" He exclaimed that ______.
A. what a pity it is B. what a pity it was
C. it was a pity D. it is a pity
10. Do you know ______
A. when will the bus arrive B. when the bus will arrive
C. when would the bus arrive D. the bus will arrive when
11. The officer commanded the troops ______.
A. to advance B. advance
C. advancing D. advanced
12. I have no idea ______.
A. who is that man B. who that man is
C. that man is who D. who that man was
13. "I was born in this very room," the old lady said. The old lady said that ______.
A. I was born in this very room
B. she was born in that very room
C. she had been born in that very room
D. she had been born in this very room
14. "You should see a doctor," my friend said to me. My friend suggested that ______.
A. I should see a doctor B. me to see a doctor
C. I saw a doctor D. me see a doctor
15. He said, "I need to leave immediately." He said that ______.
A. he needs to leave immediately
B. he needed to leave immediately
C. he needed to leave then
D. he needs to leave then
二、按要求完成句子转换 (每空1分，共40分)
1. "I really enjoy classical music," she said. (改为间接引语)
She said that ______ classical music.
2. "Are you feeling any better now " the doctor asked the patient. (改为间接引语)
The doctor asked the patient ______ any better ______.
3. "Don't forget to water the plants while I'm away," she said to her neighbor. (改为间接引语)
She reminded her neighbor ______ the plants while she was away.
4. "Where can I find a reliable taxi service " the tourist asked the hotel clerk. (改为间接引语)
The tourist asked the hotel clerk ______ a reliable taxi service.
5. "We have been waiting for the bus for over half an hour," they complained. (改为间接引语)
They complained that ______ for the bus for over half an hour.
6. "I will send you an email as soon as I arrive in New York," he said to me. (改为间接引语)
He told me that ______ an email as soon as ______ in New York.
7. "Who broke the antique vase " the mother asked her children. (改为间接引语)
The mother asked her children ______.
8. "The Internet has changed the world dramatically," the professor said. (改为间接引语)
The professor said that ______ the world dramatically.
9. "Please don't take photographs in this area," the guard said to the visitors. (改为间接引语)
The guard ______ the visitors ______ photographs in that area.
10. "How did you manage to solve this difficult problem " I asked him. (改为间接引语)
I asked him ______.
三、综合填空 (每空2分，共30分)
Yesterday afternoon, I met my old friend, David. He seemed very excited. He told me that he (1) ______ (just/get) a promotion. I congratulated him and asked him (2) ______ (what/be) his new position. He said that he (3) ______ (become) the manager of the sales department. I then asked him (4) ______ (when/start) his new job. He replied that he (5) ______ (begin) the following Monday. He also mentioned that his company (6) ______ (send) him to London for training the next month. He suggested that I (7) ______ (visit) him in London. He said, "We (8) ______ (have) a great time." I thanked him and said that I (9) ______ (try) my best to go. Finally, he reminded me (10) ______ (not be) late for his celebration party that weekend. I promised that I (11) ______ (arrive) on time. He smiled and said he (12) ______ (look forward to) seeing me there.
答案与深度解析
第二部分练习答案
练习一：人称变化
1. I said to her that I needed her help. (一随主：I不变；二随宾：your → her)
2. Tom and Jerry said that they had won the game. (一随主：We → they)
3. The teacher told the class that they must hand in their homework the next day. (二随宾：You → they; your → their; 注意时间状语)
4. My mother told me that my friend had called me. (二随宾：Your → my; you → me)
5. He said that she loved her job. (第三人称不变)
6. He said that he couldn't find his keys. (一随主：I → he; my → his)
7. My uncle told me that I had grown so tall. (二随宾：You → I)
8. They told us that they would share their notes with us. (一随主：We → they; our → their; 二随宾：you → us)
练习二：时态变化
1. He said that he worked in a bank.
2. She exclaimed that it was snowing heavily.
3. They told me that they were going to visit Paris the next year.
4. He said that he had already eaten lunch.
5. She said that she had seen that movie the week before.
6. He said that he had never seen such a beautiful place before he had gone/ went there.
7. The physicist said that water freezes at zero degrees Celsius. (客观真理)
8. My father often says that honesty is the best policy. (主句现在时)
9. The secretary said that she had to finish that report that day.
10. He warned us that we might need an umbrella.
11. She recalled that when she was a child, she had wanted to be a firefighter.
12. The announcement said that the train left at 8 PM. (列车时刻表可视作将来安排，用would leave更常见，但用left表计划也可接受)
练习三：状语与动词变化
1. He said that he had bought those flowers for his mother the day before.
2. They said that they were having a party there that night.
3. She promised that she would finish the project by the next day.
4. She told me that her brother had graduated from college two years before.
5. The manager told his assistant to go to his office then.
6. He mentioned that he had left his umbrella there the previous Friday.
7. He asked if I could take my laptop to him the next Monday.
8. They said that they had visited that museum the previous summer.
第三部分练习答案
练习四：祈使句转述
1. She asked him to pass her the salt.
解析：客气请求，用ask sb. to do sth.结构。
2. The librarian told the students not to make any noise.
解析：否定祈使句，用tell sb. not to do sth.结构。
3. The mover advised us to be careful with the fragile items.
解析：提醒建议，可用advise sb. to do sth.。
4. She suggested trying the new Italian restaurant. 或 She suggested that they (should) try the new Italian restaurant.
解析：Let's...句型常用suggest + v-ing或suggest that...结构。
5. The speaker encouraged the audience never to give up on their dreams.
解析：鼓励性话语，用encourage sb. to do sth.。
6. The police officer ordered the thief to put his hands up.
解析：强硬命令，用order sb. to do sth.。
练习五：疑问句转述
1. He asked if it was raining outside.
解析：一般疑问句，用if引导，语序变为陈述语序（it was）。
2. The interviewer asked her if she could speak Japanese.
解析：含情态动词的一般疑问句，if引导，can变为could，语序陈述。
3. The teacher asked the student why he/she was laughing.
解析：特殊疑问句，用why引导，语序变为陈述语序（he/she was laughing）。
4. The customer asked what time the store opened.
解析：特殊疑问句，what time引导，语序陈述（the store opened）。
5. He asked me if I had ever been to London.
解析：现在完成时的一般疑问句，转述为if引导的过去完成时从句。
6. She asked which color I preferred, red or blue.
解析：选择疑问句，仍视为一般疑问句，用which引导，语序陈述。
7. The manager asked his colleague if he/she would be attending the meeting.
解析：一般疑问句，if引导，将来时will变为would。
8. The director asked who was responsible for that project.
解析：特殊疑问句，who作主语，疑问句语序本身就是主谓顺序（who is），转述时只需将is变为was即可，语序不变。
第四部分：三年真题强化训练答案与解析
1. B。 解析：宾语从句必须用陈述句语序（主语+谓语），排除A和D。主句Could you please tell me表示现在礼貌的询问，从句时态无需改变，用一般现在时the library is即可，排除C（时态错误）。
2. A。 解析：长江是中国最长的河流是客观事实，尽管主句是过去时，从句时态不变，仍用一般现在时is。
3. B。 解析：宾语从句用陈述句语序，排除A和D。主句asked是过去时，从句动作got home发生在asked之前，需用过去时（如果强调“到家”在先，也可用过去完成时had got，但一般过去时got更常见且被接受），排除C（现在时）。
4. B。 解析：祈使句（否定）的间接引语。warn sb. not to do sth.是固定结构。
5. B。 解析：宾语从句用陈述句语序，排除A和D。主句wondered是过去时，从句时态需与之呼应，用一般过去时cost，排除C（现在时）。
6. D。 解析：主句是过去时said。从句动作去超市发生在回家之前，而回家又发生在说之前，因此去超市是“过去的过去”，必须用过去完成时had gone。
第五部分：综合强化训练答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. B。 解析：主句said过去时，从句现在进行时am learning需变为过去进行时was learning。
2. B。 解析：从句意“她想知道我是否收到了邮件”判断，是疑问语气，需用if或whether引导。
3. C。 解析：否定祈使句转述，advise sb. not to do sth.是正确结构。
4. B。 解析：主句过去时，从句since childhood表示从过去持续到主句动作发生的动作，需用过去完成时had known。
5. B。 解析：tomorrow需变为the next day或the following day。
6. B。 解析：光速比声速快是客观真理，时态不变，用一般现在时travels。
7. C。 解析：特殊疑问句转述，用what引导，陈述语序（we were talking），时态变为过去进行时。
8. A。 解析：insist on doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“坚持要做某事”。其他选项结构不正确。
9. C。 解析：感叹句转述常用exclaim/say that...引导一个陈述句，What a pity!转为it was a pity。
10. B。 解析：宾语从句用陈述句语序（the bus will arrive），主句Do you know是现在时，从句可用将来时。
11. A。 解析：祈使句转述，command sb. to do sth.。
12. B。 解析：宾语从句用陈述句语序（that man is）。I have no idea是现在时，从句也用现在时。
13. C。 解析：出生是发生在过去之前的动作，需用过去完成时had been born；this变为that。
14. A。 解析：suggest that sb. (should) do sth.是虚拟语气常见用法，should可省略。
15. C。 解析：need变为needed；now变为then。
二、句子转换
1. she really enjoyed
解析：人称I随主句主语she变为she；时态一般现在时enjoy变为一般过去时enjoyed。
2. if he/she was feeling; then
解析：一般疑问句，用if引导，语序陈述（he/she was feeling）；now变为then。
3. not to forget to water
解析：否定祈使句，remind sb. not to do sth.。
4. where he could find
解析：特殊疑问句，where引导，语序陈述（he could find），情态动词can变为could。
5. they had been waiting
解析：人称We变为they；时态现在完成进行时have been waiting变为过去完成进行时had been waiting。
6. he would send me; he arrived
解析：人称I变为he，you变为me；时态will send变为would send；arrive在时间状语从句中，一般现在时表将来，转述时变为一般过去时arrived。
7. who had broken the antique vase
解析：特殊疑问句，who引导。打破花瓶发生在“问”之前，是“过去的过去”，一般过去时broke变为过去完成时had broken。
8. the Internet had changed
解析：现在完成时has changed变为过去完成时had changed。
9. asked; not to take
解析：客气请求的否定祈使句，ask sb. not to do sth.；this变为that。
10. how he had managed to solve that difficult problem
解析：特殊疑问句，how引导，语序陈述（he had managed）；一般过去时did manage变为过去完成时had managed；this变为that。
三、综合填空
1. had just got/gotten
解析：get a promotion发生在told之前，是“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。just表示“刚刚”，常用于完成时。
2. what his new position was
解析：特殊疑问句转述，what引导，陈述语序（his new position was）。
3. had become
解析：become manager这个身份变化在said时已经发生，用过去完成时。
4. when he would start
解析：特殊疑问句转述，when引导，将来时will start变为过去将来时would start。
5. would begin
解析：the following Monday相对于replied是将来时间，用过去将来时would begin。
6. was sending / would send
解析：过去进行时was sending表过去将来的计划，或用would send表过去将来时。
7. (should) visit
解析：suggest that sb. (should) do sth.。
8. would have
解析：直接引语中的将来时will have变为过去将来时would have。
9. would try
解析：主句said是过去时，从句的将来意图用过去将来时would try。
10. not to be
解析：否定祈使句转述，remind sb. not to do sth.。
11. would arrive
解析：过去将来时，表示相对于promised那个时间点的将来动作。
12. was looking forward to
解析：主句said过去时，从句动作与之同时发生，用过去进行时。