培优讲义3 语法专项 代词（含答案）重庆市2025-2026学年人教版英语九年级全册
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| 名称 | 培优讲义3 语法专项 代词（含答案）重庆市2025-2026学年人教版英语九年级全册 |  | |
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培优讲义3
1、语法专项
代词
代词在句子结构中充当的成分
1. 主语（Subject）
代词可以作为句子的主语，位于句首，通常与谓语动词搭配，说明动作的执行者或句子的主题。
例句：He is a doctor.（主语为代词 "He"）
例句：They are my friends.（主语为代词 "They"）
2. 宾语（Object）
代词可以作为宾语，表示动作的接受者，通常跟在动词或介词后。
例句：She helped me.（宾语为代词 "me"）
例句：He gave the book to her.（宾语为代词 "her"）
3. 定语（Attributive）
形容词性物主代词在句子中可以作为定语，修饰名词，表示所属关系。
例句：This is my book.（定语为代词 "my"，修饰名词 "book"）
例句：Is that her bag （定语为代词 "her"，修饰名词 "bag"）
4. 表语（Predicative）
名词性物主代词可以在句子中作表语，表示某物属于某人。
例句：This pen is mine.（表语为代词 "mine"）
例句：These books are hers.（表语为代词 "hers"）
5. 同位语（Appositive）
代词可以作为同位语，补充说明前面的名词或代词。
例句：We teachers often discuss teaching methods.（"We" 为同位语，解释 "teachers"）
【练一练】请用恰当的代词填空：
_____ is Tom and _____ is Mary. ________are my friends.
______ is a dog. ______am its owner(主人)。
______ loves my my mother.
Tell ________( 我们)how to get there.
Put ________(它，它们)there.
This is my pen. = This pen is _________.
These are her books. = These books are _________.
Those are their maps. = These maps are ___________.
My uncle bought a new bike for ________.
A. theirs B. they C. me D. I
情态动词
情态动词在句中的成分
情态动词本身在句子作为谓语的一部分，和主要动词构成谓语部分，表达能力、可能性、义务、推测等语气。
特点：情态动词后必须接动词原形，不能单独使用。
E.g.
She can speak three languages.（“can”是情态动词，动词“speak”是主要动词。）
You must finish your work.（“must”是情动词，动词“finish”是主要动词。）
【练一练】句子改错。
She can to sing very well.
You mustn’t to leave now.
Could you helping me with this problem
He should goes to school early.
Shall we to start the meeting now
形容词和副词
形容词
成分 说明 例句
作____语 一般放在所修饰词的前面 It’s a cold and windy day today.
作_____语 放在be动词及look/sound/feel/keep/grow/get/remain等系动词后做表语，说明主语的状态或属性。 He looks happy today. The whole class remained silent.
作___________语 常用在think/find/make it adj.(for sb)to do sth.等句型中，说明宾语的性质、状态或特征 I think it impossible for him to finish the work before dark. The death of the dog made the boy sad.
作_________语 主要表示原因、伴随或方式 Hungry and tired，I had to stop to have a rest.又累又饿，我只好停下来休息一下。
【注意】（1）有些形容词可与定冠词连用，表示一类人或事物。此时，它相当于一个名词，可用作主语或宾语。如：the rich富人；the homeless 无家可归的人
有些形容词可单独使用，作感叹语，表示某种情绪。
如：Wonderful！Can you play the song again 太棒了！你能再演奏一遍这首歌吗？
(3)形容词常考句型：
①It’s adj.(描述事物性质的词) (for sb.) to do sth. 表示“做某事对某人来说是……的”。Eg.
It’s difficult for him to solve the problem alone.
②It’s adj.(描述人物性格的词) (of sb.) to do sth. 表示“某人做某事是……的”
Eg.It’s kind of you to take the trouble to see me.
③sb. Find/think/make it adj. to do sth. 表示“某人发现/认为/使做某事是……的”
I think it necessary for the students to learn English well.
④too adj(for sb) do sth.=so adj. that 从句=not adj.(前面形容词的反义词) enough (for sb.) to do sth. 表示“太……而/以至于不能做某事”
My little brother is too short to reach the kite in the tree.=My little brother is not tall enough to reach the kite in the tree.=My little brother is so short that he can’t reach the kite in the tree.
注意：happy/willing(愿意)/glad 等形容词用在“too adj. to do” 句型中不表示否定意义。此时的too只起增强语气的作用。Eg.
I am too willing to help you. 我太愿意帮助你了。
副词
副词的基本用法：做________语
①修饰不及物动词，放在不及物动词后；修饰及物动词时，常放在宾语后。
Eg.The boy cried loudly outside.
He looked at his watch impatiently.
②修饰形容词，一般放在形容词前（enough 除外）
E.g.He is quite tall in the exam.
③修饰另一个副词，一般放在被修饰的副词前。
E.g.She works very hard.
④修饰整个句子，位置较为灵活。
Luckily, they made it to the airport on time.
注意：enough 作副词修饰形容词或另一个副词时放在被修饰的形容词或副词后面。即：adj./adv.+enough
（2）副词的分类：
①程度副词，如 much, very, quite, nearly, almost等
②时间副词，如 recently, finally, now, ago, once, soon 等
③地点副词，如 here, there, everywhere, home, nearby, out 等
④方式副词，如 badly, quickly, happily, strongly等
⑤疑问副词，如 how, where, when, why 等
⑥频度副词，如 always, never, hardly, sometimes, seldom 等
（3）形容词变副词的规则
规则 例词
与形容词同形 low, fast,late,early,deep,little,hard,only,back,well,enough
形容词后直接加-ly? sad/sadly, polite/politely， loud/loudly， quick/quickly
形容词以辅音字母加-y结尾，改y为i再加-ly happy/happily,angry/angrily, heavy/heavily,easy/easily
少数以-ue结尾的形容词，去e再加-ly true/truly
形容词以辅音字母加-le结尾，去e再加-y Simple/simply, terrible/terribly,comfortable/comfortably
2. 能力提升
完形填空
A Special Card
I’m Cindy. I was moved by a story last summer vacation. It was on a warm day, so I decided to visit a friend's house. Reaching the house, I found there was a beautiful 1 on the door. It read.“ Before coming in, please put down your worries. When going out, take the happiness with you. ”After coming into the house, I saw the wife and the husband were both harmonious. They were sitting on the sofa, 2 with each other happily. Their two children were friendly and polite. They were running and playing together. Happiness filled the whole house.
I naturally asked them about the beautiful card. The wife looked at the husband 3 a smile, “You tell the story."The husband then looked back at the wife,"You tell it 4 it was your idea to make the card.”
Finally,the wife said softly and slowly,“Once when I got home,I was 5 to see a sleepy and tired face with worried eyes in the elevator mirror.I never thought I looked so sleepy and tired.So I thought when my children and husband saw this worried face,how would 6 feel If I also saw their faces like this,how would I feel Then I was lost in thought.Minutes later,an answer came to my mind,“Of course,I would 7 feel happy about the sleepy and tired face.”The next day,I wrote those words on this card and 8 it on the door to remind myself.As a result, 9 surprising happened.Not only I but also my family always remembered to put down our worries before coming into the house.And even the friends to our house became 10 because they felt the happiness in our family.”
( )1.A.movie B.job C.story D.card
( )2.A.talked B.talking C.talk D.talks
( )3.A.in B.to C.with D.for
( )4.A.because B.if C.when D.though
( )5.A.surprised B.relaxed C.excited D.interested
( )6.A.she B.you C.they D.he
( )7.A.always B.hardly C.usually D.sometimes
( )8.A.gave B.bought C.saw D.put
( )9.A.nothing B.everything C.something D.anything
( )10.A.tired B.worried C.friendly D.happy
任务型阅读
Home Sweet Home for China's wildlife
For nature lovers,there will soon be new places to visit. The Chinese government has set up its first five national parks.
National parks are large areas of public land used for the protection of ecosystems.They give a safe home to local plants and animals.They help keep the air and water clean.
The five parks' protected land area is 230,000 square kilometers,covering nearly 30 percent of
the key wildlife animals and plants in China.Each park is different from one another in many ways. For example,Three-River-Source National Park,which lies in Qinghai and Tibet, is the largest national park in China. Covering 190,700 square km, it is about 14 times the area of Yellowstone National Park in the United States. It is home to the sources of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers. People call it“China's water tower”. Giant Panda National Park, on the other hand, connects panda homes in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu. There are more than 1,600 wild giant pandas inside the park, accounting for more than 70 percent of the pandas in China.
China hopes the national parks will be good for the public as well. Different nature research activities are held in these national parks to help travelers learn about animals and plants. At the same time, local people living in the parks can also run eco-friendly businesses to improve their life. For example, in Three-River-Source National Park, more than 17 thousand local farmers have found jobs, such as park rangers since 2016. Most of them are paid well for over 21,600 yuan a year.
“A win-win situation has been realized between the ecological protection of these areas and development," said Zhao Yinmin, vice-minister of China's Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
1.Are there any local people living in the national parks
________________________________________________________________________________
2.How many national parks are there in China by now
________________________________________________________________________________
3.Why does Chinese government set up national parks
________________________________________________________________________________
4.Would you like to visit national parks one day Why or why not
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
阅读理解
The Shen zhou XII Manned Spacecraft Returned to Earth
Several days ago, there was very exciting news to all the Chinese people that the Shenzhou XII manned spacecraft successfully returned to Earth. It carried three Chinese astronauts -Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo. The three astronauts were found in good health. Actually, the return journey was so successful that Tang Hongbo was seen playing with a pen in the return capsule. However,there were dangerous and challenging parts that you might not know about the landing.
While the return capsule entered the atmosphere,the temperature of its outside could be higher than 2,000℃! “ ▲ ”Nie Haisheng joked as they experienced this. Special materials on the outside of the capsule kept the astronauts safe inside.
More dangerously, the astronauts experienced a blackout period,which was caused by the heating.It means they lost touch with the earth for several minutes.
When the capsule was about 10 kilometers above the ground, it prepared to land. At the time, the capsule still traveled at 200 m/s. That was twice the speed of high-speed trains! It was too fast to directly land. Therefore, parachutes are used to soften the landing. Even so, if a parachute is too big,
it might turn over,just like an umbrella on windy days. So the capsule first opened a small parachute before using its big main parachute-as big as 1,200 square meters!They let the capsule slow down gradually.
Upon their dangerous but successful landing, all the Chinese people felt excited and proud. What excited people more was that those astronauts really did a lot there. They stayed in space for as long as three months, setting a new record for the longest space stay for astronauts. During the long stay, they mainly worked on building China's Tiangong space station. They performed a number of scientific experiments and tests.They even had video calls with President Xi Jinping and hundreds of researchers,teachers and students in Hong Kong.
( )1.To tell about the success of the return journey,the writer mentions____.
①the astronauts were found in good health
②Tang was seen playing with a pen
③the astronauts made video calls with President Xi
④the astronauts performed many scientific tests
A.①③ B.②③ C.①② D.②④
( )2.Which of the following can be put in______
A.Seeing is believing. B.Great minds think alike.
C.Love me love my dog. D.Real gold fears no fire.
( )3.When the capsule landed,a small parachute was first used to______.
A.keep astronauts from falling off B.stop the main parachute turning over
C.test the speed of the spacecraft D.help the spacecraft land quickly
( )4.Mind-map_______shows the right structure of the passage.
a.the success of ShenzhouXII
b.challenging but successful landing
c.meeting high heat
d.experiencing a blackout period
e.slowing down high speed f.achievements in space
佳句欣赏
1.What excited people more was that those astronauts really did a lot there.
①点拨：译为“更让人们激动的是这些宇航员真的在太空做了很多”。
What…引导了一个主语从句，用来引出更多宇航员的成就。
②翻译：更让我失望的是他连承认错误的勇气都没有。
_______ made me_______ _______ was that he didn't have the courage to admit his mistake.
2.They stayed in space for as long as three months,setting a new record for the longest space stay for astronauts.
①点拨：译为“他们待在太空长达三个月，创造了宇航员待在太空的最长记录”。
setting是现在分词作结果状语，用以说明宇航员待在太空的时间很长。
②翻译：她和朋友们开启一段旅程，记录她的美好生活。
She started a journey with her friends,_______ her_______ _______ .
B
My name is Jack. After three tries, I finally passed the first aid test. I remembered my ABCs of what to do when someone is unconscious.Airway:open the airway. Breathing: check breathing and do rescue breathing. Circulation:do chest compressions (胸外按压)for circulation.These are the three key steps.
How I wanted to put my skills into practice! Every day I kept looking for possible accidents.__▲__One morning,my best friend was eating breakfast when suddenly he started coughing,"I' m ready to help."I thought.But then he stopped coughing and became fine.I felt a little down.
Later during lunchtime,my friend Bob ran to me. “Quick!” He called. "It's Tom! He's unconscious!" I rushed to help. But suddenly I couldn't remember my ABCs."No!"I shouted.Then I took a deep breath and remembered.“A for airways.”I checked Tom's mouth.It was clear but his breath smelt.As I was ready to do Step B,I thought,“Oh no.How can I deal with the smell "But quickly I realized how important it was.I pinched his nose and was about to give the mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing when Tom began laughing,and so did Bob.I realized it was all a joke.I hit Tom on the arm.I was angry at first,but then said to my friends,"Well,at least I got to practice,and maybe I'd rather not have to do it in real life,anyway!”
（ ）1.Which picture shows Step A
A. B. C. D.
（ ）2.Why did Jack feel a little down when his best friend stopped coughing
A.Because his ABCs skills didn't work out. B.Because he saw his friend was badly ill.
C.Because he had no chance to test his skills. D.Because he almost forgot what to do next.
（ ）3.What does "it"in Para.3 refer to
A.Dealing with the smell. B.Doing rescue breathing.
C.Pinching Tom's nose. D.Checking Tom's mouth.
（ ）4.Which sentence can be put in the ▲
A.I always hoped to pass the test successfully. B.I always hoped that someone else might help me.
C.I always hoped that I could remember my ABCs. D.I always hoped to get a chance to rescue someone and be a hero.
佳句欣赏
I pinched his nose and was about to give the mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing when Tom began laughing,and so did Bob.
①点拨：译为“我捏住他的鼻子，正要进行口对口急救呼吸时，汤姆开始笑了起来，鲍勃也跟着笑了。”when引导时间状语从句，so did Bob为倒装句，描述一个正要进行某个动作时，突然发生了另外两个并列的情况。
②翻译：我拿起书正准备开始阅读时，电话铃响了，门铃也响了。
I _______ _______ the book and ________ ________ _________ start reading when _______ _______ _______, and so ________ the doorbell.
2.Well,at least I got to practice,and maybe I'd rather not have to do it in real life,anyway！
①点拨：译为“嗯，至少我有机会练习了，而且不管怎样，也许在现实生活中我宁愿不必做这件事。”这是一个并列句，在 “at least I got to practice” 中，说明说话者至少获得了练习的机会。would rather not do sth：表示宁愿不做某事， 表达了说话者对在现实生活中做这件事的一种不太愿意的态度。
②翻译：至少我得以参加了比赛，而且不管怎样，或许在现实生活中我宁愿不用面对这样的压力。
_______ _______I ________ ________ _________ _________the competition, and maybe I'd rather not ________ ________ _________ in real life,_________.
C
Like Pandas,the national treasure of China,another thing has drawn a large number of travelers to China these years.It's advanced high-speed rail(HSR).
HSR is really popular in China.China's high-speed trains carry almost 2 million people daily, which is about one third of the total number of the country's rail passengers. In total, high-speed trains in China have carried more than 14 billion passengers.
High-speed trains are thought to be more convenient than planes.In fact, you only need to arrive
at the stations 20 minutes before the train leaves instead of an hour or more.That saves you lots of time.When you sit down in your seat,you can move your legs freely or pass your neighbor easily. When you stand up and walk along the walkway,you won't even feel you are traveling.
China is the country with the longest HSR lines in the world.At the end of 2021,China had over
40000 km of HSR, accounting for about 70% of the world's total. Over one hundred cities in China are now connected by high-speed railways.Almost every capital city in China has its own high-speed train station. And more high-speed railways are being planned to connect more cities in China.
China also has the fastest commercial railways in the world.China's Fuxing trains can run at a speed of 350 km/h on some HSR lines, including the Beijing-Shanghai,Beijing-Tianjin, Beijing-Zhangjiakou,and Chengdu-Chongqing lines.
With shorter travel time,comfort and convenience,HSR is really the pride of China.
（ ）1.Which"drawn"below has the same meaning as the underlined“drawn "in Para.1
A.The subway has drawn into the station. B.I have drawn a book out of my schoolbag.
C.His new book has drawn plenty of readers. D.The artist has drawn over one hundred pictures.
（ ）2.How does the writer develop his idea in Para.2
A.By raising questions. B.By listing numbers.
C.By comparing differences. D.By explaining reasons.
（ ）3.What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Para.4
A.Every city will be connected by the high-speed railways in China.
B.Almost every capital city in China has its own high-speed train station.
C.Nearly 90%of Chinese people will take High-speed trains to travel.
D.It will be more convenient to travel from city to city in China.
（ ）4.What is the best title for the passage
A.High-Speed Rail—Pride of China. B.Fuxing Trains—The Fastest Railway.
C.High-Speed Trains—Move Freely. D.Pandas—National Treasure of China.
佳句欣赏
High-speed trains are thought to be more convenient than planes.
①点拨：译为“高速列车被认为比飞机更方便。”在这个句子中，“are thought” 是一般现在时的被动语态结构，表示 “被认为”，“to be more convenient than planes” 是动词不定式短语作主语补足语，说明高速列车被认为具有 “比飞机更方便” 的特点。
②翻译：使用公共交通工具被认为比开车更环保。
________ public transportation is ________ ________ _________ more ________ _________ than _________ _________.
2.With shorter travel time,comfort and convenience,HSR is really the pride of China.
①点拨：译为“高铁具有更短的旅行时间、舒适性和便利性，它确实是中国的骄傲。”“With shorter travel time, comfort and convenience” 是介词短语作伴随状语，说明高铁所具备的特点。“with + 名词短语” 结构表示伴随的情况或特征。
②翻译：这款平板电脑屏幕大、声音清晰、续航久，学习用真的很方便。
________ a large ________, ________ ________ and ________ battery life, this tablet is really
________ for study.
参考答案
一、语法专项
（一）代词
【练一练】用恰当的代词填空
He；she；They 2. It；I 3. Everyone/Everybody 4. us 5. it/them 6. mine 7. hers 8. theirs 9. me/him/her/them 10. C
情态动词
【练一练】句子改错
1. She can sing very well.（去掉to）
2. You mustn’t leave now.（去掉to）
3. Could you help me with this problem （helping改为help）
4. He should go to school early.（goes改为go）
5. Shall we start the meeting now （去掉to）
（三）形容词和副词（略）
能力提升
（一）完形填空 1-5 DBCAA 6-10 CBDCD
（二）任务型阅读
1. Yes, there are.
2. Five.
3. To protect ecosystems, provide a safe home for local plants and animals, keep the air and water clean, help the public learn about animals and plants through nature research activities, and help local people improve their life by running eco-friendly businesses.
4. Yes, I would. Because I can get close to nature, learn about different plants and animals, and experience the beauty of ecological protection.
/ No, I wouldn’t. Because I am not interested in outdoor activities and I am afraid of some wild animals in the national parks.（二选一即可）
（三）阅读理解
A 1-4 CDBA
佳句欣赏 1. What；more disappointed 2. recording；wonderful life
B 1-4 BCBD
佳句欣赏
1. picked up；was about to；the phone rang；did
2. At least；got to take part in；have to face such pressure；anyway
C 1-4 CBDA
佳句欣赏
1. Using；thought to be；environmentally friendly；driving cars
2. With；screen；clear sound；long；convenient
1、语法专项
代词
代词在句子结构中充当的成分
1. 主语（Subject）
代词可以作为句子的主语，位于句首，通常与谓语动词搭配，说明动作的执行者或句子的主题。
例句：He is a doctor.（主语为代词 "He"）
例句：They are my friends.（主语为代词 "They"）
2. 宾语（Object）
代词可以作为宾语，表示动作的接受者，通常跟在动词或介词后。
例句：She helped me.（宾语为代词 "me"）
例句：He gave the book to her.（宾语为代词 "her"）
3. 定语（Attributive）
形容词性物主代词在句子中可以作为定语，修饰名词，表示所属关系。
例句：This is my book.（定语为代词 "my"，修饰名词 "book"）
例句：Is that her bag （定语为代词 "her"，修饰名词 "bag"）
4. 表语（Predicative）
名词性物主代词可以在句子中作表语，表示某物属于某人。
例句：This pen is mine.（表语为代词 "mine"）
例句：These books are hers.（表语为代词 "hers"）
5. 同位语（Appositive）
代词可以作为同位语，补充说明前面的名词或代词。
例句：We teachers often discuss teaching methods.（"We" 为同位语，解释 "teachers"）
【练一练】请用恰当的代词填空：
_____ is Tom and _____ is Mary. ________are my friends.
______ is a dog. ______am its owner(主人)。
______ loves my my mother.
Tell ________( 我们)how to get there.
Put ________(它，它们)there.
This is my pen. = This pen is _________.
These are her books. = These books are _________.
Those are their maps. = These maps are ___________.
My uncle bought a new bike for ________.
A. theirs B. they C. me D. I
情态动词
情态动词在句中的成分
情态动词本身在句子作为谓语的一部分，和主要动词构成谓语部分，表达能力、可能性、义务、推测等语气。
特点：情态动词后必须接动词原形，不能单独使用。
E.g.
She can speak three languages.（“can”是情态动词，动词“speak”是主要动词。）
You must finish your work.（“must”是情动词，动词“finish”是主要动词。）
【练一练】句子改错。
She can to sing very well.
You mustn’t to leave now.
Could you helping me with this problem
He should goes to school early.
Shall we to start the meeting now
形容词和副词
形容词
成分 说明 例句
作____语 一般放在所修饰词的前面 It’s a cold and windy day today.
作_____语 放在be动词及look/sound/feel/keep/grow/get/remain等系动词后做表语，说明主语的状态或属性。 He looks happy today. The whole class remained silent.
作___________语 常用在think/find/make it adj.(for sb)to do sth.等句型中，说明宾语的性质、状态或特征 I think it impossible for him to finish the work before dark. The death of the dog made the boy sad.
作_________语 主要表示原因、伴随或方式 Hungry and tired，I had to stop to have a rest.又累又饿，我只好停下来休息一下。
【注意】（1）有些形容词可与定冠词连用，表示一类人或事物。此时，它相当于一个名词，可用作主语或宾语。如：the rich富人；the homeless 无家可归的人
有些形容词可单独使用，作感叹语，表示某种情绪。
如：Wonderful！Can you play the song again 太棒了！你能再演奏一遍这首歌吗？
(3)形容词常考句型：
①It’s adj.(描述事物性质的词) (for sb.) to do sth. 表示“做某事对某人来说是……的”。Eg.
It’s difficult for him to solve the problem alone.
②It’s adj.(描述人物性格的词) (of sb.) to do sth. 表示“某人做某事是……的”
Eg.It’s kind of you to take the trouble to see me.
③sb. Find/think/make it adj. to do sth. 表示“某人发现/认为/使做某事是……的”
I think it necessary for the students to learn English well.
④too adj(for sb) do sth.=so adj. that 从句=not adj.(前面形容词的反义词) enough (for sb.) to do sth. 表示“太……而/以至于不能做某事”
My little brother is too short to reach the kite in the tree.=My little brother is not tall enough to reach the kite in the tree.=My little brother is so short that he can’t reach the kite in the tree.
注意：happy/willing(愿意)/glad 等形容词用在“too adj. to do” 句型中不表示否定意义。此时的too只起增强语气的作用。Eg.
I am too willing to help you. 我太愿意帮助你了。
副词
副词的基本用法：做________语
①修饰不及物动词，放在不及物动词后；修饰及物动词时，常放在宾语后。
Eg.The boy cried loudly outside.
He looked at his watch impatiently.
②修饰形容词，一般放在形容词前（enough 除外）
E.g.He is quite tall in the exam.
③修饰另一个副词，一般放在被修饰的副词前。
E.g.She works very hard.
④修饰整个句子，位置较为灵活。
Luckily, they made it to the airport on time.
注意：enough 作副词修饰形容词或另一个副词时放在被修饰的形容词或副词后面。即：adj./adv.+enough
（2）副词的分类：
①程度副词，如 much, very, quite, nearly, almost等
②时间副词，如 recently, finally, now, ago, once, soon 等
③地点副词，如 here, there, everywhere, home, nearby, out 等
④方式副词，如 badly, quickly, happily, strongly等
⑤疑问副词，如 how, where, when, why 等
⑥频度副词，如 always, never, hardly, sometimes, seldom 等
（3）形容词变副词的规则
规则 例词
与形容词同形 low, fast,late,early,deep,little,hard,only,back,well,enough
形容词后直接加-ly? sad/sadly, polite/politely， loud/loudly， quick/quickly
形容词以辅音字母加-y结尾，改y为i再加-ly happy/happily,angry/angrily, heavy/heavily,easy/easily
少数以-ue结尾的形容词，去e再加-ly true/truly
形容词以辅音字母加-le结尾，去e再加-y Simple/simply, terrible/terribly,comfortable/comfortably
2. 能力提升
完形填空
A Special Card
I’m Cindy. I was moved by a story last summer vacation. It was on a warm day, so I decided to visit a friend's house. Reaching the house, I found there was a beautiful 1 on the door. It read.“ Before coming in, please put down your worries. When going out, take the happiness with you. ”After coming into the house, I saw the wife and the husband were both harmonious. They were sitting on the sofa, 2 with each other happily. Their two children were friendly and polite. They were running and playing together. Happiness filled the whole house.
I naturally asked them about the beautiful card. The wife looked at the husband 3 a smile, “You tell the story."The husband then looked back at the wife,"You tell it 4 it was your idea to make the card.”
Finally,the wife said softly and slowly,“Once when I got home,I was 5 to see a sleepy and tired face with worried eyes in the elevator mirror.I never thought I looked so sleepy and tired.So I thought when my children and husband saw this worried face,how would 6 feel If I also saw their faces like this,how would I feel Then I was lost in thought.Minutes later,an answer came to my mind,“Of course,I would 7 feel happy about the sleepy and tired face.”The next day,I wrote those words on this card and 8 it on the door to remind myself.As a result, 9 surprising happened.Not only I but also my family always remembered to put down our worries before coming into the house.And even the friends to our house became 10 because they felt the happiness in our family.”
( )1.A.movie B.job C.story D.card
( )2.A.talked B.talking C.talk D.talks
( )3.A.in B.to C.with D.for
( )4.A.because B.if C.when D.though
( )5.A.surprised B.relaxed C.excited D.interested
( )6.A.she B.you C.they D.he
( )7.A.always B.hardly C.usually D.sometimes
( )8.A.gave B.bought C.saw D.put
( )9.A.nothing B.everything C.something D.anything
( )10.A.tired B.worried C.friendly D.happy
任务型阅读
Home Sweet Home for China's wildlife
For nature lovers,there will soon be new places to visit. The Chinese government has set up its first five national parks.
National parks are large areas of public land used for the protection of ecosystems.They give a safe home to local plants and animals.They help keep the air and water clean.
The five parks' protected land area is 230,000 square kilometers,covering nearly 30 percent of
the key wildlife animals and plants in China.Each park is different from one another in many ways. For example,Three-River-Source National Park,which lies in Qinghai and Tibet, is the largest national park in China. Covering 190,700 square km, it is about 14 times the area of Yellowstone National Park in the United States. It is home to the sources of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers. People call it“China's water tower”. Giant Panda National Park, on the other hand, connects panda homes in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu. There are more than 1,600 wild giant pandas inside the park, accounting for more than 70 percent of the pandas in China.
China hopes the national parks will be good for the public as well. Different nature research activities are held in these national parks to help travelers learn about animals and plants. At the same time, local people living in the parks can also run eco-friendly businesses to improve their life. For example, in Three-River-Source National Park, more than 17 thousand local farmers have found jobs, such as park rangers since 2016. Most of them are paid well for over 21,600 yuan a year.
“A win-win situation has been realized between the ecological protection of these areas and development," said Zhao Yinmin, vice-minister of China's Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
1.Are there any local people living in the national parks
________________________________________________________________________________
2.How many national parks are there in China by now
________________________________________________________________________________
3.Why does Chinese government set up national parks
________________________________________________________________________________
4.Would you like to visit national parks one day Why or why not
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
阅读理解
The Shen zhou XII Manned Spacecraft Returned to Earth
Several days ago, there was very exciting news to all the Chinese people that the Shenzhou XII manned spacecraft successfully returned to Earth. It carried three Chinese astronauts -Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo. The three astronauts were found in good health. Actually, the return journey was so successful that Tang Hongbo was seen playing with a pen in the return capsule. However,there were dangerous and challenging parts that you might not know about the landing.
While the return capsule entered the atmosphere,the temperature of its outside could be higher than 2,000℃! “ ▲ ”Nie Haisheng joked as they experienced this. Special materials on the outside of the capsule kept the astronauts safe inside.
More dangerously, the astronauts experienced a blackout period,which was caused by the heating.It means they lost touch with the earth for several minutes.
When the capsule was about 10 kilometers above the ground, it prepared to land. At the time, the capsule still traveled at 200 m/s. That was twice the speed of high-speed trains! It was too fast to directly land. Therefore, parachutes are used to soften the landing. Even so, if a parachute is too big,
it might turn over,just like an umbrella on windy days. So the capsule first opened a small parachute before using its big main parachute-as big as 1,200 square meters!They let the capsule slow down gradually.
Upon their dangerous but successful landing, all the Chinese people felt excited and proud. What excited people more was that those astronauts really did a lot there. They stayed in space for as long as three months, setting a new record for the longest space stay for astronauts. During the long stay, they mainly worked on building China's Tiangong space station. They performed a number of scientific experiments and tests.They even had video calls with President Xi Jinping and hundreds of researchers,teachers and students in Hong Kong.
( )1.To tell about the success of the return journey,the writer mentions____.
①the astronauts were found in good health
②Tang was seen playing with a pen
③the astronauts made video calls with President Xi
④the astronauts performed many scientific tests
A.①③ B.②③ C.①② D.②④
( )2.Which of the following can be put in______
A.Seeing is believing. B.Great minds think alike.
C.Love me love my dog. D.Real gold fears no fire.
( )3.When the capsule landed,a small parachute was first used to______.
A.keep astronauts from falling off B.stop the main parachute turning over
C.test the speed of the spacecraft D.help the spacecraft land quickly
( )4.Mind-map_______shows the right structure of the passage.
a.the success of ShenzhouXII
b.challenging but successful landing
c.meeting high heat
d.experiencing a blackout period
e.slowing down high speed f.achievements in space
佳句欣赏
1.What excited people more was that those astronauts really did a lot there.
①点拨：译为“更让人们激动的是这些宇航员真的在太空做了很多”。
What…引导了一个主语从句，用来引出更多宇航员的成就。
②翻译：更让我失望的是他连承认错误的勇气都没有。
_______ made me_______ _______ was that he didn't have the courage to admit his mistake.
2.They stayed in space for as long as three months,setting a new record for the longest space stay for astronauts.
①点拨：译为“他们待在太空长达三个月，创造了宇航员待在太空的最长记录”。
setting是现在分词作结果状语，用以说明宇航员待在太空的时间很长。
②翻译：她和朋友们开启一段旅程，记录她的美好生活。
She started a journey with her friends,_______ her_______ _______ .
B
My name is Jack. After three tries, I finally passed the first aid test. I remembered my ABCs of what to do when someone is unconscious.Airway:open the airway. Breathing: check breathing and do rescue breathing. Circulation:do chest compressions (胸外按压)for circulation.These are the three key steps.
How I wanted to put my skills into practice! Every day I kept looking for possible accidents.__▲__One morning,my best friend was eating breakfast when suddenly he started coughing,"I' m ready to help."I thought.But then he stopped coughing and became fine.I felt a little down.
Later during lunchtime,my friend Bob ran to me. “Quick!” He called. "It's Tom! He's unconscious!" I rushed to help. But suddenly I couldn't remember my ABCs."No!"I shouted.Then I took a deep breath and remembered.“A for airways.”I checked Tom's mouth.It was clear but his breath smelt.As I was ready to do Step B,I thought,“Oh no.How can I deal with the smell "But quickly I realized how important it was.I pinched his nose and was about to give the mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing when Tom began laughing,and so did Bob.I realized it was all a joke.I hit Tom on the arm.I was angry at first,but then said to my friends,"Well,at least I got to practice,and maybe I'd rather not have to do it in real life,anyway!”
（ ）1.Which picture shows Step A
A. B. C. D.
（ ）2.Why did Jack feel a little down when his best friend stopped coughing
A.Because his ABCs skills didn't work out. B.Because he saw his friend was badly ill.
C.Because he had no chance to test his skills. D.Because he almost forgot what to do next.
（ ）3.What does "it"in Para.3 refer to
A.Dealing with the smell. B.Doing rescue breathing.
C.Pinching Tom's nose. D.Checking Tom's mouth.
（ ）4.Which sentence can be put in the ▲
A.I always hoped to pass the test successfully. B.I always hoped that someone else might help me.
C.I always hoped that I could remember my ABCs. D.I always hoped to get a chance to rescue someone and be a hero.
佳句欣赏
I pinched his nose and was about to give the mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing when Tom began laughing,and so did Bob.
①点拨：译为“我捏住他的鼻子，正要进行口对口急救呼吸时，汤姆开始笑了起来，鲍勃也跟着笑了。”when引导时间状语从句，so did Bob为倒装句，描述一个正要进行某个动作时，突然发生了另外两个并列的情况。
②翻译：我拿起书正准备开始阅读时，电话铃响了，门铃也响了。
I _______ _______ the book and ________ ________ _________ start reading when _______ _______ _______, and so ________ the doorbell.
2.Well,at least I got to practice,and maybe I'd rather not have to do it in real life,anyway！
①点拨：译为“嗯，至少我有机会练习了，而且不管怎样，也许在现实生活中我宁愿不必做这件事。”这是一个并列句，在 “at least I got to practice” 中，说明说话者至少获得了练习的机会。would rather not do sth：表示宁愿不做某事， 表达了说话者对在现实生活中做这件事的一种不太愿意的态度。
②翻译：至少我得以参加了比赛，而且不管怎样，或许在现实生活中我宁愿不用面对这样的压力。
_______ _______I ________ ________ _________ _________the competition, and maybe I'd rather not ________ ________ _________ in real life,_________.
C
Like Pandas,the national treasure of China,another thing has drawn a large number of travelers to China these years.It's advanced high-speed rail(HSR).
HSR is really popular in China.China's high-speed trains carry almost 2 million people daily, which is about one third of the total number of the country's rail passengers. In total, high-speed trains in China have carried more than 14 billion passengers.
High-speed trains are thought to be more convenient than planes.In fact, you only need to arrive
at the stations 20 minutes before the train leaves instead of an hour or more.That saves you lots of time.When you sit down in your seat,you can move your legs freely or pass your neighbor easily. When you stand up and walk along the walkway,you won't even feel you are traveling.
China is the country with the longest HSR lines in the world.At the end of 2021,China had over
40000 km of HSR, accounting for about 70% of the world's total. Over one hundred cities in China are now connected by high-speed railways.Almost every capital city in China has its own high-speed train station. And more high-speed railways are being planned to connect more cities in China.
China also has the fastest commercial railways in the world.China's Fuxing trains can run at a speed of 350 km/h on some HSR lines, including the Beijing-Shanghai,Beijing-Tianjin, Beijing-Zhangjiakou,and Chengdu-Chongqing lines.
With shorter travel time,comfort and convenience,HSR is really the pride of China.
（ ）1.Which"drawn"below has the same meaning as the underlined“drawn "in Para.1
A.The subway has drawn into the station. B.I have drawn a book out of my schoolbag.
C.His new book has drawn plenty of readers. D.The artist has drawn over one hundred pictures.
（ ）2.How does the writer develop his idea in Para.2
A.By raising questions. B.By listing numbers.
C.By comparing differences. D.By explaining reasons.
（ ）3.What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Para.4
A.Every city will be connected by the high-speed railways in China.
B.Almost every capital city in China has its own high-speed train station.
C.Nearly 90%of Chinese people will take High-speed trains to travel.
D.It will be more convenient to travel from city to city in China.
（ ）4.What is the best title for the passage
A.High-Speed Rail—Pride of China. B.Fuxing Trains—The Fastest Railway.
C.High-Speed Trains—Move Freely. D.Pandas—National Treasure of China.
佳句欣赏
High-speed trains are thought to be more convenient than planes.
①点拨：译为“高速列车被认为比飞机更方便。”在这个句子中，“are thought” 是一般现在时的被动语态结构，表示 “被认为”，“to be more convenient than planes” 是动词不定式短语作主语补足语，说明高速列车被认为具有 “比飞机更方便” 的特点。
②翻译：使用公共交通工具被认为比开车更环保。
________ public transportation is ________ ________ _________ more ________ _________ than _________ _________.
2.With shorter travel time,comfort and convenience,HSR is really the pride of China.
①点拨：译为“高铁具有更短的旅行时间、舒适性和便利性，它确实是中国的骄傲。”“With shorter travel time, comfort and convenience” 是介词短语作伴随状语，说明高铁所具备的特点。“with + 名词短语” 结构表示伴随的情况或特征。
②翻译：这款平板电脑屏幕大、声音清晰、续航久，学习用真的很方便。
________ a large ________, ________ ________ and ________ battery life, this tablet is really
________ for study.
参考答案
一、语法专项
（一）代词
【练一练】用恰当的代词填空
He；she；They 2. It；I 3. Everyone/Everybody 4. us 5. it/them 6. mine 7. hers 8. theirs 9. me/him/her/them 10. C
情态动词
【练一练】句子改错
1. She can sing very well.（去掉to）
2. You mustn’t leave now.（去掉to）
3. Could you help me with this problem （helping改为help）
4. He should go to school early.（goes改为go）
5. Shall we start the meeting now （去掉to）
（三）形容词和副词（略）
能力提升
（一）完形填空 1-5 DBCAA 6-10 CBDCD
（二）任务型阅读
1. Yes, there are.
2. Five.
3. To protect ecosystems, provide a safe home for local plants and animals, keep the air and water clean, help the public learn about animals and plants through nature research activities, and help local people improve their life by running eco-friendly businesses.
4. Yes, I would. Because I can get close to nature, learn about different plants and animals, and experience the beauty of ecological protection.
/ No, I wouldn’t. Because I am not interested in outdoor activities and I am afraid of some wild animals in the national parks.（二选一即可）
（三）阅读理解
A 1-4 CDBA
佳句欣赏 1. What；more disappointed 2. recording；wonderful life
B 1-4 BCBD
佳句欣赏
1. picked up；was about to；the phone rang；did
2. At least；got to take part in；have to face such pressure；anyway
C 1-4 CBDA
佳句欣赏
1. Using；thought to be；environmentally friendly；driving cars
2. With；screen；clear sound；long；convenient