培优讲义6非谓语及阅读专项练习（含答案）重庆市2025-2026学年人教版英语九年级全册

培优讲义6
语法专项——非谓语动词的用法
知识导图
在英语中，对动词作出适当形式的变形，动词就可以用来担当除谓语以外的所有成分，这类词就被称为非谓语动词。
动词不定式—构成：to do
非谓语动词 动名词—构成：doing
分词—构成：现在分词: doing; 过去分词: done
考点梳理
I. 动词不定式
1. 动词不定式基本形式: to+动词原形。其否定: not+ to +动词原形。
2. 动词不定式的用法
A. 作主语。注：常用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后置的不定式。常用句型: It’s +adj+(of/for sb) to do sth
To speak English well isn’t an easy job. = It’s not an easy job to speak English well.
B. 作表语。注：常位于be动词之后。
Our plan is to set up another middle school for the children.
C. 作宾语。注：常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
afford, agree, ask, begin, choose, dare, decide, demand, expect, fail, forget, happen, help, hope, learn, manage, mean, need, promise, refuse, want, wish…
They decide to change their mind.
D. 作宾语补足语。注:在使役的动词make, let和感官动词hear, see, watch等后，省略不定式to
Tell the children not to play on the street.
I saw her enter the cinema.
E. 作定语。注：常放在所修饰词的后面，作后置定语。
She is the first American woman to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature.
F. 作状语。注：一般在句子作目的状语，结果状语和原因状语。
He went to America to learn English.
G. 疑问词(what, who, which, when, where, how, whether…)+动词不定式
How to solve the problem is very important.
II. 动名词
1. 动名词由动词-ing形式构成, 其否定形式为not+doing
2. 动名词的用法
A. 做主语。注：单个动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。
Playing too much games is bad for your health.
B. 做宾语。a) 做动词的宾语：I like watching TV every much.
b) 做介词的宾语：I am looking forward to meeting you.
C. 做表语。注：多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换为作主语。
Your task is cleaning the windows.= Cleaning the windows is your task.
D. 做定语。注：只表明所修饰词的用途等，位于所修饰词之前。
I bought a new washing machine last month.
III. 分词
1. 分词有现在分词(-ing形式)和过去分词(-ed形式)。既可以构成时态，又常作宾语补足语，宾语等句子成分。
2. 分词的用法
A. 作定语。注：单个分词作定语放在被修饰名词之前，分词短语作定语放在所修饰词之后。现在分词表示主动，进行意义。过去分词表示被动，完成意义。
I’m reading a very interesting novel.
He is a teacher loved by his students.
B. 作表语。注：现在分词多指主语的性质，过去分词多指主语的状态。
The news is quite encouraging.
They were completely exhausted.
C. 作宾语补足语。注：宾语与补足语为主动关系或表示动作正在进行用现在分词。反之，为被动关系或动作已完成用过去分词。
I heard a little boy crying in the small house.
D. 作状语。注：现在分词作伴随状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her.
一、语法专练
1. People may use different body language _________ the same feelings.
A. show B. to show C.showed D．shows
2. I don’t think my coach will invite us the competition.
A. enter B. entering C. to enter D. enters
3. It’s windy and cold outside, so we decided ________ outside.
A. to go B. not go C. not to go D. don’t go
4. —I like both of them. Could you please tell me ________
—Let me see. How about the yellow one
A. which to choose B. what to buy C. how to eat D. where to go
5. I saw him ________ into the chemistry lab just now.
A. has gone B. to go C. went in her class D. go
6. Happy Camp is very popular. It often makes people ________.
A. laugh B. laughing C. to laugh D. laughed
7. —How heavy! I can’t move the bag.
—Don’t worry! Let me ________ you.
A. helps B. to help C. helping D. help
8. It’s a good idea ________ tennis with my classmates after school.
A. play B. plays C. playing D. to play
9. Peter’s mother gets up early ________ breakfast for him every morning.
A. to make B. making C. make D. makes
10.The villagers plan ________ a new bridge over the river.
A. build B. building C. to build D. built
11. The purpose of the discussion is ________ children how to tell right from wrong.
A. teaches B. teach C. to teaching D. to teach
12. My dream is ________ a scientist.
A. doing B. become C. to be D. make
13. Our class teacher, Mr. Wu, is always the first one ________ to school.
A. comes B. to come C. coming D. come
14. My father is always busy ________ his work. He has no time ________ me.
A. doing; play with B. with; playing with
C. with; to play with D. to do; to play with
15. Julie is good at ________, so we want her ________ a song for us.
A. singing; to sing B. sings; singing
C. sings; to sing D. singing; singing
20. —Do you often see William ________ on the playground
—No, but he is often seen ________ Chinese Kongfu in the park.
A. run; to play B. run; play C. running; play D. running; to play
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. I enjoy _________ (work) here with all of you.
2. Would you like ___________（come）with us
3. Thank you for ________ (give) me so much help.
4. I remember ________ (tell) you about him that day.
5. _________(take) a walk for a while after meals is good for our health.
6. We’ll try our best ________ (save) the girl’s life.
7. I think this book is worth ___________ （read）many times.
8 . ________(improve) his playing skills, He practices ___________ （play）the piano every day
9. How about _________ (go) to the cinema tonight
10. I will keep ___________ （try）and never give up.
11. Why not go to the beach and __________ （have）a picnic
12. I am looking forward to ________（hear）from you.
13. Lily has trouble ___________（work）out these problems.
14. He couldn’t help ___________（laugh）when he heard the joke.
15. Sad movies made him ___________ （cry）.
16.While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped _______ (run) and lay on the ground, so we all stopped______ (see)what was wrong with him.
17. Sarah, you’d better drink more water after __________ (run) for such a long time.
阅读专项
完形填空。
Recently an old friend phoned me to ask about the success I had in my life and how I achieved it. He has ____1____ goals as me: get in shape, get into music more seriously, and be good at Japanese.
I haven’t completely reached my long-term goals yet in any of these 3 things. He thinks that I’ve made some progress on my journey to ____2____ these goals and I can give him some advice.
We had a nice talk for an hour on the phone and he seemed pretty encouraged. A week went by and he sent me photos of him learning ____3____ and music. He also trained with the help of a personal fitness coach. He developed the habit of posting (发布) ____4____ online all of the progress he was making. He was doing great. Every weekend he would post his new progress and I really enjoyed reading it!
Of course, I’ll have to let him know that making progress isn’t ____5____. He’ll meet some difficulties on the road. However, I’m letting him ____6____ the new achievements now and will help him out when that time comes.
I’m thankful for him giving me the chance to serve him and give him ____7____, and I’m thankful to see that he’s spending the time and money to ____8____ his life. He has even told me how thankful he is with all the recent ____9____ in his life.
Even if you haven’t reached your goals, it’s good to _____10_____ how far you’ve gone. Be proud of yourself and know how much you can help others achieve the same.
1. A. strange B. magic C. similar D. boring
2. A. achieving B. finding C. losing D. sharing
3. A. Chinese B. English C. French D.Japanese
4. A. suddenly B. regularly C. clearly D. silently
5. A. important B. different C. easy D. necessary
6. A. enjoy B. take C. waste D. understand
7. A. pressure B. advice C. money D. friendship
8. A. keep B. stand C. save D. improve
9. A. changes B. gifts C. friends D. books
10. A. promise B. choose C. realize D. control
阅读理解
A
Although plastic bags are a convenient and widely used part of our everyday lives, they
are also a major cause of environmental pollution. They can remain in the environment for anywhere from 100 to 500 years before they finally break down completely. So we need to act together to deal with them.
History of International Plastic Bag Free Day
● In the 1930s, polyethylene(聚乙烯), the most commonly used plastic, was created by accident at a factory in Northwich, England. At first, it was used to make military (军用的) gloves during World War I.
● In the 1960s, the one-piece polyethylene shopping bag was created by a Swedish company. Designed by engineer Sten Gustaf Thulin, the plastic bag quickly replaced cloth and paper bags in Europe.
● The 1970s saw the rise of environmental movements and the first bans (禁令) on single-use plastic bags in some countries, like Denmark and Ireland.
● In 2008, a group of environmental organizations in Italy decided to take action and start a global movement against plastic bags. July 3rd was then chosen as the date for the first International Plastic Bag Free Day.
Activities for International Plastic Bag Free Day
● Encourage people to refuse plastic bags when they go shopping.
● Promote reducing plastic use, reusing items and recycling plastic waste.
● Share information about the harmful influence of plastic bags and encourage friends and family to do the same.
Importance of International Plastic Bag Free Day
It serves as a way to educate people and communities about how plastic bags harm the environment, including their role in ocean pollution, endangering wildlife and reducing natural resources. It also encourages businesses to take action to reduce plastic bag use, promote recycling and support sustainable (可持续的) waste management practices.
By looking for more eco-friendly choices, together we can make a positive difference and move towards a plasticbag-free future that benefits both us and the planet.
( )1. Which of the following is TRUE about polyethylene
A. It was specially invented. B. It was once hard to find in England.
C. It was first used in the army. D. It was commonly used to make ordinary gloves.
( ) 2. Where was the one-piece polyethylene shopping bag born
A. In Italy. B. In Ireland. C. In England. D. In Sweden.
( ) 3. What does the underlined word “Promote” probably mean
A. Support. B. Discover. C. Avoid. D. Experience.
( ) 4. How could businesses reduce plastic pollution
A. By growing their business overseas.
B. By improving their waste treatment technology.
C. By turning their unused plastic into shopping bags.
D. By completely stopping the production of plastic products.
( ) 5. What message does the author pass on in the passage
A. Let nature have her way.
B. Without green living, life has no hope.
C. You can never see a plant grow, but they do.
D. Protecting our environment is everyone’s business.
Post-reading
Words and phrases
1. sustainable adj. _______________ 可持续发展 __________________________
2. ban (_________-_________) vt. __________________
禁止做某事 ________________________
禁止某人做某事 _________________________
翻译：现在许多学校禁止体罚。
Nowadays, corporal punishment __________ __________ in many schools.
3. break down在文中的意思是______________
它还可表示______________; _____________
翻译：正忙的时候，机器偏偏又坏了。
The machine _________ _________ at this busy hour.
在四小时的压力下他终于崩溃了。
He finally _________ __________ under the four hours’ strain.
B
Let’s start with a powerful saying from poet John Mark Green, “Toxic people (有毒人) attach themselves like cinder blocks (煤渣块) tied to your ankles, and then invite you for a swim in their poisoned (有毒的) waters.” “Toxic relationships” sound pretty bad, don’t they Yet many of us continue to stay in toxic friendship. Some of us realize it, while some of us do not.
So how do you know whether a friendship is toxic or not Here are 3 signs to help you.
·_________▲_________
Generally, when you share your achievements with those around you, they are happy for you. However, toxic friends may act jealously (妒忌地). They may show happiness for your success in front of you but not feel it inside. They try to weaken your confidence by doubting your abilities and making you think that you don’t deserve your success.
·Humiliate (羞辱) you in front of others.
Another sign of a toxic friendship is going too far with joking. Among friends. It’s common for one person to laugh at another, and then the other makes a joke back so everyone laughs together. All this is fine, but when the joke starts humiliating the person, that shows a toxic attitude.
·Separate you from others.
One of the most common things you’ll find in a toxic friendship is that toxic friends might want to control you. They might want to “surveil” all your activities. They might also prevent you from making new friends. You may also be driven far from doing the right things at the right time.
Although it may be hard to let go of a toxic friendship because you’ve invested so much into it, you need to do so. Spend more time with those who truly know and value you.
( ) 1. Why does the author mention the powerful saying
A. To compare true friendships with toxic ones.
B. To tell us friendship is something to be valued.
C. To point out the dangers of toxic relationships.
D. To explain why people fall into toxic relationships.
( ) 2. Which of the following can be put in _________▲_________
A. Break your trust. B. Always try to put you down.
C. Need all your attention. D. No respect for your secrets.
( ) 3. Who may be a toxic friend
A. Peter, who often makes fun of his friend’s looks.
B. Lisa, who sometimes disagrees with her friends.
C. Gina, who always invites her friends to go shopping.
D. Nancy, who likes to compare her grades with her friends’.
( ) 4. What does the underlined word “surveil” probably mean
A. Turn down. B. Give up. C. Think about. D. Keep an eye on.
( ) 5. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A. To show readers what true friendship is.
B. To guide readers on how to make true friends.
C. To teach readers to recognize toxic friendships.
D. To provide readers with ways to deal with toxic friendships.
Post-reading
Words and phrases
1. toxic adj. ___________
2. jealously adv. ____________ ____________ adj.
对……嫉妒 _______________
3. weaken vt. ____________ 反义词 vt. _______________
4. humiliate vt. ___________
5. surveil vt. ____________
6. invest vt. ____________
Sentences
Another sign of a toxic friendship is going too far with joking.
...be going too far 太过分了，（行为）过火了
翻译：别做得太过分了，否则你会招来麻烦的。
Don’t ________ ________ ________, you may _______ _______ ________ if you do.
C
Roger Federer, a world-famous sports star, quit (放弃) the 2020 Olympic Games to deal with his knee problem. It was a hard decision because no one wanted to be a quitter. But finding the courage to let go can be good for you.
Nothing is fun all the time. Sticking at something difficult teaches us important skills like perseverance (毅力). However, learning to let go when things aren’t right is important too. Maybe your heart isn’t in playing the piano any more, or you only play football because your friends do and you want to try a different sport instead. Making the decision to walk away can free up time and energy to spend on something you really enjoy. In fact, studies show that letting go of goals you can’t reach, or don’t really want, can build up your confidence and help you lead a happier and healthier life.
But how can you know it’s time to stop and move on Eric Bean is an expert in sports psychology (心理学) who helps athletes and teams understand their feelings. He says, “Quitting is never a matter of black and white.” He suggests thinking carefully about why you aren’t enjoying something any more. Is it because you’ve argued with a teammate or can’t get on with a new art teacher Talk about this with a trusted adult or friend. That can help you decide whether you should stay and stick, or quit and move on.
Quitting doesn’t have to mean totally giving up, though. For example, playing an instrument might be more fun if you take away the pressure of exams. If you do decide to give up an activity, Bean suggests picking up another where you can still enjoy things like teamwork, creativity, and exercise.
( ) 1. The writer mentions “Roger Federer” in Paragraph 1 to show that ________.
A. we should never give up B. we should get away from trouble
C. it’s all right to stop and quit D. it’s difficult to win Olympic medals
( ) 2. According to Paragraph 2, learning to let go is important because we can ________.
A. learn about perseverance B. have enough money to spend
C. live a busier and fuller life D. feel more confident in ourselves
( ) 3. By saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3, Eric Bean means that ________.
A. it’s not good to stick at things we don’t like
B. we should think twice before quitting an activity
C. we don’t have to take exams to show our true abilities
D it’s wiser to pick up a new hobby than to keep the old one
( ) 4. Which could be the best title for the passage
A. Knowing When to Stop B. Working Hard to Move on
C. Learning How to Grow up D. Starting Early to Make Changes
Post-reading
Words and phrases
1. quit vt./vi. ______________ 停止做某事 _______________
2. perseverance n. ______________ ____________ adj. 坚持不懈的
3. a matter of black and white ________________________
任务型阅读。
Do you ever get that feeling that there aren’t enough hours in the day That time is somehow racing away from you, and it is impossible to fit everything in. But then you step outside into the countryside, and suddenly everything seems slower and more relaxing, like time has somehow changed.
It’s not just you--recent research suggests that nature can influence our sense of time.
Richardo Correia, a scientist at a university in Finland, found that being in nature may change how we experience time and, perhaps, even make us feel like we have more of it.
Correia reviewed research which compared people’s experiences of time when they performed different types of tasks in urban (城市的) and natural environments. The results all showed that people felt they had more time in nature than in an urban environment.
For example, people are more likely to consider a walk in the countryside longer than a walk of the same length in the city. Similarly, people report feeling that time passes more slowly while they perform tasks in natural green environments than in urban environments. Nature seems to slow and expand (扩展) our sense of time.
It’s not just our sense of time in the moment that appears to be changed by the natural world; our sense of the past and future is also influenced. Earlier research shows that spending time in nature helps to shift our focus from the present moment towards our future needs. So, rather than focusing on the stress of the demands on our time, nature helps us to see the bigger picture.
This can help us prioritize (按优先顺序排列) our actions so that we can meet our long-term goals rather than living in a state of “just about keeping our head above water”. So, get outside and spend time in nature!
1. Can nature influence our sense of time
______________________________________________________________________
2. What types of environments did the research compare
______________________________________________________________________
3. Why is getting out into nature suggested
______________________________________________________________________
4. What kind of natural environment do you prefer A park, a mountain, a lake, or somewhere else Why
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Post-reading
Words and phrases
1. urban adj. _____________
在城市地区 ______________________ 城市人口 ______________________
2. expand vt./vi. ______________
[to increase in size, number, or importance, or to make something increase in this way]
3. demand vt./ n. ______________
4. prioritize vt. ________________
priority n. ________________
5. (1) fit...in [If you manage to fit a person or task in, you manage to find time to deal with them.]
翻译：我们忙了很久，想要把一切都搞定。
We work long hours trying to ________ _________ ________.
(2) fit in... [If you fit in as part of a group, you seem to belong there because you are similar to the other people in it.]
翻译：她和孩子们相处得很好，很好地融入了。
She was great with the children and ________ ________ very well.
6. keep sb’s head above water 把头放在水面上——这样就不会呛水了（在艰难的处境下为生系，克服生活、工作和财务上的困难。）
翻译：公司遇到了一些问题，但我们还得勉强应付下去。
The business is in trouble, but we are just ________ ________ ________ ________ _______.
Sentences
Earlier research shows that spending time in nature helps to shift our focus from the present moment towards our future needs.
shift sb’s focus from...to... 把某人的注意力从……转移到……
翻译：作为九年级的学生，你应该把你的注意力从游戏转移到学习上来。
As a ninth-grader, you should ________ ________ _________ _________ games _______ study.
参考答案
一、语法专项训练
选择题 1-5 BCCAD 6-10 ADDAC 11-15 DCBCA 16-20 DBDDA
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. working 2. to come 3. giving 4. telling 5. Taking 6. to save 7. reading 8. To improve, playing
9. going 10. trying 11. have 12. hearing 13. working 14. laughing 15. cry 16. running, to see
17. running
二、阅读专项
完形填空 1-5 CADBC 6-10 ABDAC
阅读理解 A 1-5 CDABD
阅读理解 B 1-5 CBADC
阅读理解 C 1-4 CDBA
任务型阅读
1. Yes, it can.
2. Urban and natural environments.
3. Because it helps us feel we have more time, reduces stress, and helps us focus on long-term goals.
4. (开放题，合理即可) eg.：I prefer a park because it’s peaceful and close to home, making it easy to relax and clear my mind.