Unit 1 Nature in the balance Grammar and usage — Assessment单词用法讲解课件（共45张PPT) 2021-2022学年高中英语牛津译林版（20

(共45张PPT)
单
词
课
堂
版本：新译林
单元：必修三 Unit 1 (Grammar and usage — Assessment)
本单元词汇梳理
1. global：globe (n 球体)+ -al；派生词：globally
词块：global warming
2. greenhouse：green + house；词块：greenhouse effect / gases
3. gas：美式英语，英式是petrol
4. application：apply (应用) + -ic + -ation (名词后缀)
词块：a job application, fill in / out an application (form)
词族：apply, applicant, application (App)
5. brochure：词源义是“缝合在一起的小书” → 册子
6. organization：来自organize
词块：form / set up an international organization
7. absolutely：absolute (adj 绝对的)+ -ly；
同义词 completely / entirely
8. belt：隐喻：具体的“带子”→ 抽象的“带”
词块：the seat / safety belts, the Belt and Road
9. medal：词块：receive a (gold / silver / bronze) medal
10. image：隐喻：映在镜面、水面等中的“影像”→ 投射到人头脑中的“映像”，即 “形象”
11. shark：音译词“鲨鱼”
12. spring to mind：spring这里是动词
13. deer：单复数同形，类似的词：species, means
14. track：词源义 / 基本义：足迹；轨迹
意为“足迹”常用复数
词块：track and field events, keep track of
名词动词化：“追踪”(track down)
15. nowhere：近义词：not anywhere；词块： nowhere near enough, nowhere to be found / seen
16. resident：词块：rural / urban residents
17. chief：来自词根cap (头)，词源同captain
词块：an editor-in-chief /a chief editor
mittee：com- (together 共同) + mit (send 送、派) + -ee (名词词缀，动作的接受者) → 共同送、派 → 共同委托 → 委员会
19. entirely：entire (adj 完全的) + -ly；近义词completely
20. smog：拼缀法 smoke + fog，原指伦敦曾经被浓烟笼罩的情形
21. protest：pro- (forth, before 在……面前) + test (testify 验证) → 在……面前验证，即为表示 “抗议；反对”；词块：protest against
22. profit：pro- (forward 向前) + -fit (make, do 做) → 做事的收益 →
利润、报酬
词块：make a profit, profit by / from
派生词：profitable, non-profit
23. defence：de- (from / away 去掉；离开) + -fenc- (hit / strike 打击)
+ -e → 击挡开 → 防御；保卫
词块：in sb’s defence / in defence of sb
24. various：词族：vary, variety, various, varied, variously
表示不同种类的：various / different kinds of, a wide variety / range of
25. process：词块：in the process (of) / in the … processs
名词动词化：加工；处理
26. economic：词族：economy, economic, economical, economically, economics, economist
27. branch：基本义“分支”
隐喻：具体的“树枝”到抽象的“分支”
28. recycle：re- (再) + cycle (循环) → 再循环 → 再利用
词族：cycle, cycling, recycle, recycling
29. subway：美式英语, 英式是underground
词块：take the subway, by subway
30. former：词块：the former … the latter
31. official：office → official；词块：official languages
32. poverty：poor → poverty
33. poison：名词动词化；派生词： poisoning, poisonous
34. chemical：同源词：chemistry, chemist
35. consequence：比result正式
con- (together 共同) + seq (to follow 跟随) + -ence (名词词缀) → 按顺序递进的结果
词块：as a consequence / in consequence (of)
36. further：词性 adj, adv & v；far的比较级；further, farther的区别
形容词动词化
application
搭配义
spring
一词多义
strategy
英语释义
搭配义
consequence
重难点词
精讲
track
一词多义
economy & economic
英语释义
词族
defence
一词多义
further
一词多义
application
随着智能手机和平板电脑的普及，人们的日常生活、学习和工作已经离不开App了：吃饭可以用App随时团购优惠券、或叫外卖；出行可以用App约车、导航、购票；聊QQ、发微信、购物、看视频甚至学习等都可以使用App。App的读音应该是/ p/，它是application的缩写。
application词源解读
application的词源义已经消失了。随着时代的发展和社会的进步，逐渐衍生出其他的释义，特别是“申请 (书)”和“应用程序”这两个释义，是到近现代才产生的。
申请；申请书；申请表：
a job application
fill in / out an application (form)
accept / reject / turn down sb’s application
application n [C] & [U]
在高考中出现频率较高，需掌握常见搭配并会熟练运用
看图猜词
spring
春天
弹簧
泉水
释义间有联系吗？
跳；跃：
Suddenly, he sprang to his feet (= stood up suddenly) and cried, “I have a great idea!” 2020 山东改
涌出；涌上：
Water sprang out of this spot.
（植物等）迅速增长；发生；出现：
The buds are springing.
弹回；反弹
spring (sprang / sprung, sprung) vi
spring to one’s mind 突然记起 / 想到：
Integrity（正直）and honesty are words that spring to mind when talking of the man.
基本义
spring n
[C] 跳；跃
[C] 泉：
a hot / mineral spring
[C] & [U] 春天；春季：
If winter comes, can spring be far behind
[C] 弹簧；[U] 弹性
spring 语义网络图
泉水突然向上“跳”
人或动物突然“跳”起
植物的枝芽突然向上“跳”
物体等来回“跳”
跳；跃
（突然）跳
spring
（基本义）
v
n
涌出；涌上
（植物等）迅速增长
弹回；反弹
跳；跃
泉
春天；春季
弹簧
· n [C]
[常用复数] 足迹；轨迹；车辙：
follow sb’s tracks
We saw wild animals’ tracks near the cave.
小路；小径：
It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy track.
track
track的词源义及基本义为“足迹；轨迹（footprint, mark left by anything）”。
（铁路）轨道；滑轨：
railway tracks
跑道；径赛运动：
They ran five times round the track.
track and field events 田径项目
keep track of 与……保持联系；了解……的动态：
They read the newspapers every day to
keep track of current events.
lose track of 失去……的线索；与……失去联系；忘记：
The police have lost track of the criminals. I had so much fun that I lost track of time.
vt 跟踪；追踪：
Zac tracks down the medals’ rightful owners, and returns them. 2019 浙江改
名词动词化
track语义网络图
足迹；痕迹
基本义
人、动物、车辆等经过后留下的痕迹
足迹；轨迹；车辙
被踩出的痕迹
运动员运动的痕迹
径赛运动
小路；小径
跑道
和跑道有关的
体育运动
跟踪；追踪
v
[U] 防御；保卫；防护：
She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.
[C] & [U] 防务；防御物；防御能力：
The body has natural defence mechanisms to protect it from disease.
[U] & [C] 辩护；辩解：
I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand.
[C]（体育运动中的）后卫；防守队员
defence / defense n
词源解读：de- (from / away 去掉；离开) + -fenc- (hit / strike 打击) + -e → 击挡开 → 防御；保卫
defence / defense 语义网络图
① 防御；保卫；防护
基本义
具体的防御物
② 防务；防御物；防御能力
③ 辩护；辩解
④ 后卫；防守队员
语言的防御
比赛中的防御
[C] 经济（情况）；经济制度the system by which a country’s money and goods are produced and used, or a country considered in this way：
the age of “information economy” 2011 上海
a low-carbon economy 2010 江苏
The fast-growing economy has caused environmental
problems.
[C] & [U] 节约；经济实惠 the careful use of things so
that nothing is wasted and less money is spent：
Walking to work instead of driving one’s car is an economy.
Do you want to fly first or economy class
economy n
［只用于名词前］经济（学）的；经济上的 connected with trade, industry and the management of money：
an economic crisis
economic theory
有利可图的；合算的 producing a profit (profitable)：
The mine was closed because it was not economic.
economic adj
同族词：economy, economic, economical, economically, economics, economist
economics n [U] 经济学
economical adj 经济的；实惠的；节约的 using money, time, goods, etc. carefully and without wasting any：
an economical car
economically adv 在经济上；节约地：
Although the country has had political independence for over a century, economically it needs the support of its neighbors.
词汇拓展
strategy
Strategically we should despise all our enemies, while tactically we should take them all seriously.
我们在战略上要藐视一切敌人，在战术上要重视一切敌人。
——毛泽东
strategy n
[U] & [C] 战略；战略部署 the skill of planning the
movements of armies in a war or an example of doing this：
military strategy
defence strategies
概念类词汇需要借助英语释义学习
[C] 策略；计策 a plan that is intended to achieve a particular
purpose：
learning / economic strategies
to develop a strategy for dealing with unemployment
[U] 策划；规划 the process of planning sth or putting a plan
into operation：
marketing strategy
词汇拓展
strategic adj 战略（上）的
strategically adv 战略上
The failure of the company was a direct ___________________（结果）of bad management.
result
正式用语
根据所给汉语，在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
consequence
/ consequence
consequence n
[C] 结果；后果 a result of sth that has happened：
face / take the consequences
The consequence of a rising sea level would be widespread flooding.
[U][正式用语] 重要（性）；重大 importance：
Don’t worry. It’s of little consequence.
con- (together 共同) + seq (to follow 跟随) + -ence (名词词缀) → 按顺序递进的结果
【词块】
as a consequence / in consequence [正式用语] 结果；因此 as a result：
She was over the age limit and, as a / in consequence, her application was rejected.
as a consequence of / in consequence of [正式用语] 由于……的缘故 as a result of sth：
My father coughs frequently as a consequence of / in consequence of smoking.
比as a result 正式
比as a result of 正式
further
Go further！ 进无止境
福特公司的品牌口号：进无止境 (Go Further) 。
广告中展示了生活总是难免会遇到一些囧事，比如风筝飞太高挂树上了；爬上房修屋顶梯子突然倒了；投个篮吧没中也就罢了，还卡篮筐上了……虽说都是小事，却足够使你抓狂一阵，但我们决不能故步自封。
Today and tomorrow, we’re going further, so you can.
adj [只用于名词前]（距离、时间、程度上）更远的；进一步的；更多的：
at the further end of the room
We have decided to take no further action.
My cousin left home to Australia for his further study last year.
2010 山东书面表达改
Visit our website for further details / information.
further
[far的比较级]
adv（距离、时间、程度上）更远地；进一步地：
I would be delighted to have the opportunity to discuss my application further with you. 外研新选必④ – 1改
I can lend you 50 dollars, but I can’t go any further than that.
vt 促进；增进：
Education needn’t only be about furthering your career.
further, farther
两者都为far的比较级，但是farther只用于本义“(空间距离上的)更远”。
Africa is further / farther from England than France.
辨
析
形容词动词化
本单元金句汇总
1. If winter comes, can spring be far behind
2. They read the newspapers every day to keep track of current events.
3. I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand.
4. Do you want to fly first or economy class
5. Visit our website for further details / information.
随堂检测
将下列汉语译成英语。
1. 填写申请表 _______________________________
2. 申请信 ___________________________
3. 接受某人的申请 ___________________________
4. 拒绝某人的申请 ____________________________________
5. 求职信 ___________________________
6. 运用最新技术在教学上 _______________________________________
7. 用途广泛 ________________________________
fill in / out an application (form)
a letter of application
accept sb’s application
reject / turn down / refuse sb’s application
a job application
application
the application of new technology to teaching
have a wide range of applications
一、将下列英语译成汉语。
1. Spring Festival _______________________________
2. the spring semester ___________________________
3. Spring follows winter. _________________________
二、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. As a consequence, reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city. （2011 天津改） _________
2. Funny thing, whenever I look up a dictionary, the word “abandon” springs to my mind immediately. _______________
spring
春节
春季学期
冬去春来。
涌现
一下子冒出来
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
The research project includes tracking the careers of 400 graduates.
__________
2. Dozens of miles of railway track have been destroyed. __________
3. After my graduation, Dad’s business was getting back on track. （2015 陕西） __________
步入正轨
track
追踪
铁轨
1. We __________________________ (跟着熊留下的足迹) in the snow.
2. As a journalist, he has to ____________________ (了解) events all over the Middle East.
3. Celebrities (名人) worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to _____________ (忘记) who they really are, seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them.（2013 北京）
4. The longest _____________________ (田径项目) at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk.（2020 全国）
二、根据所给提示，完成下列句子。
followed the bear’s tracks
keep track of
lose track of
track and field event
defence / defense
根据句意写出画线部分的汉语意思。
1. The lawyer produced a clever defence of his client (客户). _______
2. A good diet helps build the body’s natural defences. _____________
3. The town walls were built as a defence against enemy attacks. _____________
4. What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game （2015 天津） _____________
5. Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one to blame. ______________
防守
防御
辩护
天然抵抗力
为……辩护 / 辩解
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The late twentieth century witnessed the rapid development of China’s economy.（2016 上海） __________
2. No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth.（2018 江苏） __________
3. They sell good-quality clothes at economical prices. __________
4. Mr Green is a Harvard professor (教授) of economics. He is an economist. __________
economy & economic
经济
经济的
价廉物美的衣服
经济学；经济学家
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. We invited Dr Smith to share with us effective strategies for learning
English. ________
2. The coach called a time-out (暂停) to discuss strategy. ________
3. The president held a meeting to discuss military strategy with the
general yesterday. ________
4. The company must first solve questions of strategy. _________
策略
战略
战术
strategy
规划
根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。
1. He broke the law, and now he must ______________________ (承担……带来的后果) his actions.
2. The money was ______________________________ (无足轻重) to Tony.
3. My father coughs frequently ________________________________
(由于……的缘故) smoking.
4. His death was totally unexpected and, ______________________ (因此) no plans had been made for his replacement.
face the consequence of
consequence
of little consequence / importance
as a consequence / result
as a consequence of / in consequence of / as a result of
further
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
I can lend you 50 dollars, but I can’t go any (far).
二、写出下列句子中画线部分精准的汉语释义。
1. My cousin left home to Australia for his further study last year. （2010 山东） _________
2. As you go further south, you will notice a gradual change of climate. _________
3. He spent his life in furthering the cause of world peace. _________
深造
更远
further
促进
谢
谢
观
赏