Unit 1 Nature in the balance Grammar and usage ellipsis 省略课件(共37张PPT)-2024-2025学年高中英语牛津译林版（2019）必修第三

(共37张PPT)
Unit 1
Nature in the balance
P3
Grammar and usage
- Excuse me!
- Yes
- Is this your handbag
- Pardon
- Is this your handbag
- Yes, it is.
- Thank you very much.
这段简短的对话中都省略了哪些词呢？
Read and Observe
- Excuse me!
- Yes
- Is this your handbag
Pardon
- Is this your handbag
- Yes, it is.
- Thank you very much.
- (You)
- (I beg your) pardon.
my handbag.
- (I)
1 No, I didn’t (
).
2 You can watch it online if you want to ( ).
3 I felt worried when ( ) watching the documentary.
4 Some call for the application of modern technology, and others ( ) a change of lifestyle.
5 ( ) Got any ideas
6 ( ) Sounds great!
watch it
I was
call for
Have you
It/That
watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday
Jack and Henry are talking about a documentary on environmental protection. Pay attention to the underlined sentences and write down the words that have been left out in the brackets below. (Page 6)
Ellipsis 省略
定义：省略（Ellipsis)。
是英语中一种避免重复，突出关键词语，并使上下文紧密连接的语法手段。
Focus on
基本用法
单词的省略
句子成分的省略
不定式的省略
状语从句的省略
使用代词的省略
一、单词的省略
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.
spend +time/money (in) doing sth.
1. 介词的省略
1.一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有：
2.表示时间的介词at, on和in在next, last, this, these, yesterday, tomorrow, one, any, every, each, some等词之前时，一般省略。
We go to school (on) every day except Sundays.
① I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within.
② He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
2. 连词that的省略
【Summary】 _______从句中常省略that, 但多个宾语从句并列时, 通常只省略第一个that。
宾语
①The book (which/that) I borrowed yesterday was hers.
② The man (whom) you saw on the street once saved my life.
3.关系代词的省略
【Summary】在限制性定语从句中，关系代词( that、which、whom）在定语从句中作______语时可以省略。
The way (that/in which) he speaks to us is really annoying.
【Summary】当way做先行词时，关系词______________可以省略。
宾
that/in which
一、句子成分的省略
① (You) Come in, please.
② (It) Looks as if it will rain.
1. 省略主语
2. 省略谓语
①The river was deep and the rice (was) thin.
②I like dancing but my brother (likes) singing.
_______连接并列句，前后谓语一致可省略。
连词
4. 省略宾语
①Tom enjoys dancing, but Peter hates (dancing).
② ---Which of them is better
--- Well, it’s hard to tell (which of them is better).
3.省略主语和谓语或主语和谓语的一部分
①(Will you) Have a smoke
②Why (do) not (you) say goodbye to your lovely cousin
③(You come) This way, please.
① I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within.
② He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
1.宾语从句中that的省略
【Summary】 _______从句中常省略that, 但多个宾语从句并列时, 通常只省略第一个that。
宾语
①The book (which/that) I borrowed yesterday was hers.
② The man (whom) you saw on the street once saved my life.
2.定语从句关系代词作宾语的省略
【Summary】在限制性定语从句中，关系代词( that、which、whom）在定语从句中作______语时可以省略。
The way (that/in which) he speaks to us is really annoying.
【Summary】当way做先行词时，关系词______________可以省略。
宾
that/in which
①-- Are you thirsty
-- Yes, I am (thirsty).
②His brother isn’t lazy. Nor is his sister (lazy).
5. 省略表语
6. 省略定语
① In my room, computer table and (computer) chair are hers.
②He spent part of the money, and the rest ( of the money) he saved.
7. 省略状语
He was not hurt. (How) Strange!
1. Have a seat, please!
2. Looks like rain.
3. Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash and you dry.
4. Got any idea about the plan
You have a seat, please!
It looks like rain.
Let's do the dishes . I'll wash the dishes and you dry the dishes.
Have you got any idea about the plan
即时演练1 补全下列省略句
1.Some of us study Japanese, and others study English.
Some of us study Japanese, and others study English.
2.He gave up drinking several months, but he returned to his old way later.
He gave up drinking several months, but he returned to his old way later.
3.My friend didn’t come to school, but I wonder why he/she didn’t come to school.
My friend didn’t come to school, but I wonder why he/she didn’t come to school.
即时演练2 写出下列句中可以省略的部分
二、不定式的省略
1. 保留不定式符号to的情况
(1)当不定式在形容词afraid, anxious, eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。
You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to (answer the question)．
如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。
①I'm sorry I hurt your feelings. I didn't mean to.
②You can watch it online if you want to.
③At last they did as I told them to. (宾补)
④He would not have married her if he had not been forced to. (主补)
(2)动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，在后面的动词不定式结构中，常省略与前句重复的to后面的内容
(3)动词短语ought to, be going to, be about to, be supposed to, have to, used to, need等后省略动词。
I really didn’t want to go there with him,but I had to (go there with him).
(4 )如果不定式中含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形的have或be。
①- Are you a teacher
- No, but I want to be (a teacher).
②- He hasn’t finished the task.
- Well, he ought to have (finished it).
2.不定式符号to可省略的情况
(1) 主语从句中有实义动词do, 后面作表语的不定式的to可带可不带。
What we can do now is (to) wait.
(2)介词but, except (除了) 前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。
All he could do was nothing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等着瞧。
(3)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。
①He likes to swim more than (to) skate.
比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。
②He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.
(对比)他认为最重要的是学习而不是交朋友。
某些使役动词，如make, let, have等和感官动词，如see, watch, notice, observe, hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。(主省to,被带to)
We often hear her _______(sing) an English song in the classroom.
→She is often heard _______(sing) an English song (by us) in the classroom.
sing
to sing
三、状语从句的省略
(1)如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句得谓语部分含有be动词，则可以将从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。引导这类状语从句得连词有when,while,though,if,unless等。
①The old woman was knocked down while (she was) crossing the street.
②You should be careful when(you are)crossing the road.
(2)当从句的主语是it,谓语部分含有be动词，it和be动词可一起省略。这种结构通常为if it is possible,when it is necessary等。
①Please try to finish your homework by yourlf if (it is)possible.
②Though (it is) cold, he still wore a shirt.
【practice】
(1)While __________(walk) along the street, I heard my name called.
(2)You shouldn’t come to his party unless ____________(invite).
(3)Though _________(lack) money, his parents managed to send him to university.
(4)When __________(ask) why he was late, he kept silent.
(5)He shook his head as if _________(say)，“Don't trust her”.
walking
invited
lacking
asked
to say
五、使用代词的省略
（1）—Can you finish your work today
—I think so.
—I don’t think so./I think not.
(2) Get up early tomorrow. If not (you don't get up early), you will miss the first bus.
使用so, not等时的省略
在英语中，可以用so, not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
1. 省略的概念：为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分。
2. 省略的情况
(1) 单词的省略
(2) 句子成分的省略
(3) 不定式的省略
(4) 状语从句的省略
(5) 使用代词的省略
【Summary】
1. Haven’t seen you for ages.
____________________________
2. Some more tea
____________________________
3. Sounds like a good idea.
____________________________
4. Doesn’t matter.
____________________________
5. Sorry to hear that.
____________________________
I haven’t seen you for ages.
Would you like some more tea
That/It sounds like a good idea.
I. 找出下列句子的省略部分并补充完整。
It doesn’t matter.
I’m sorry to hear that.
6. Pity you couldn’t come.
____________________________
7. This way, please.
____________________________
8. Terrible weather!
____________________________
9. Joining us for a drink
____________________________
10. Going to the supermarket
____________________________
It’s / What a pity you couldn’t come.
Step / Come this way, please.
What terrible weather it is!
Are you joining us for a drink
Are you going to the supermarket
1. I spent part of the money, and the rest of the money was donated to a charity.
________________________________________
________________________________________
2. When (the novel is) published, the novel
will become one of the best sellers of the year.
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
3. If it is possible, we will pay a visit to the palace tomorrow.
_______________________________________ _______________________________________
I spent part of the money, and the rest was
donated to a charity.
II. 把下列句子改为省略句。
When published, the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.
If possible, we will pay a visit to the palace
tomorrow.
4. I won't call you up unless I have to call you up.
___________________________________
5. His opinion, whether it is right or wrong, should be considered.
___________________________________
___________________________________
I won't call you up unless I have to.
His opinion, whether right or wrong, should be considered.
III. 用省略句完成对话。
1. - Do you like the film whose name is Life Is Beautiful
- Oh, ___________(非常喜欢).
2. - Is your brother coming to the get-together tonight
- ________________ (恐怕他不会来).
3. - Would you like to go to Qingdao for holidays with us this weekend
- _______________ (我想去), but I have to go over my lessons for the coming examination.
4. - Mr. Green can’t attend the meeting today. He may be free tomorrow.
- ______(如果是这样的话), we will have to put the meeting off till tomorrow.
5. - Don’t forget to come to my birthday party
tomorrow.
- _________(我不会忘记的).
I won’t
very much
I’m afraid not
I’d like / love to
If so
Thank you