Unit 1 Nature in the balance Grammar and usage 课件(共40张PPT，内镶嵌视频)-2024-2025学年高中英语牛津译林版（2019）必修第三册

(共40张PPT)
Unit 1 Nature in the balance
Grammar and usage
Must get exhausting.
Must be hardly any people you can even share a laugh with.
Step 1 Lead-in
Ellipsis 省略
Ellipsis means leaving out(省去) words of a sentence when the meaning can still be understood. Ellipsis is used when you do not want to repeat the words and phrases that are obvious.
What is ellipsis
Step 2 Introduction to ellipsis
Why do people leave them out
No smoking.
No Parking.
No photos.
No fishing.
Elliptical sentences
Find the words that can be left out.
I have done more than what is required.
You open the window and the door for me, please.
—Will you go to the cinema with me
—Well, I’d like to go with you.
I know you can do better than I can do.
You shouldn’t come to this party unless you were invited.
The man whom I saw is called David.
Task 1
Write down the words that have been left out in the conversation on page 6 Part A.
P6
1. No, I didn’t (watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday).
2. You can watch it online if you want to ( ).
3. I felt worried when ( ) watching the documentary.
4. Some call for the application of modern technology, and others ( ) a change of lifestyle.
5. ( ) Got any ideas
6. ( ) Sounds great!
I was
watch it
call for
Have you
It/That
repeating
informal
(不定式)
conjunction 连词
YES or NO questions
非正式的
1. No, I didn’t (watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday).
2. You can watch it online if you want to (watch it).
3. I felt worried when (I was) watching the documentary.
In short responses
In infinitives
After some conjunctions like if, when and while
How can we use Ellipsis
4. Some call for the application of modern technology, and others (call for) a change of lifestyle.
5. (Have you) Got any ideas
6. (It/That) Sounds great!
In clauses with the same pattern and the same verb
At the beginning of a sentence in informal speech
At the beginning of a sentence in informal speech
P98
1.简单句中的省略
simple
5. 不定式中的省略
infinitive
4. 介词的省略
preposition
2. 并列句中的省略
compound
3. 复合句中的省略
complex
省略
ellipsis
Step 3 Rules for application
省略
主语
(That/It) Sounds like a great idea!
省略
表语
— Are you hungry
— No, I am not (hungry).
同时省略几个成分
Why (do you) not say hello to him
— Did you finish the homework
— No, I didn't (finish the homework).
1.简单句中的省略
A. 省略主谓或主谓一部分
B. 省略动宾
并列句
省略主语
Mr. Smith picked up a coin in the road and Mr. Smith handed it to a policeman.
省略部分谓语
Jack must have been playing football and Mary must have been doing her homework.
省略谓语及状语
I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob was born in winter in 1989.
省略谓语
Some called for the application of the modern technology, and others called for a change of lifestyle.
2.并列句中的省略
compound sentence
3.复合句中的省略
宾语从句的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
There is no reason to suppose (that) she’s lying.
I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within.
I know (that) he will always be there and that we will support each other.
(2)when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
I know (that) a movie star will come to our city but I don’t know when (he will come to our city)．
complex sentence
3.复合句中的省略
状语从句的省略
(2) 在when, while, if, as if, though, although, as, until, once, whether, unless, whenever等连接的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。
I felt worried when I am watching the documentary.
If it is impossible, I will help you with your work.
Will you be free this Sunday If it is so, let’s go camping.
d) I hugged Becki tightly, as if I were to squeeze her breath out.
e.g. 我紧紧地抱住Becki,好像要把她的呼吸挤出去般。
(2020 1月浙江卷语法填空) The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large 60 (compare) to younger generations,
省略在考试中的使用
(when old generations are) compared to younger generations
状语从句中的省略
compared
Ellipsis helps show points with connected words
用还原法看清观点
1. Although _______(do) his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks
2. The concert was a great success than ________
(expect).
3. He stood up as if ________(say) something.
4. He mouth was moving as if ________(say) something.
5. When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.
doing
to say
expected
saying
3.复合句中的省略
状语从句的省略
（3）在than, as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。
They don’t use more water than (is) necessary/needed.
Luckily, we have completed the project as (is) expected.
expected
imagined
planned/scheduled
arranged
... ...
as/than
3.复合句中的省略
定语从句的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom, which, that可省略(但whom, which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。
The exact year (which/that) Cindy spent together in China was 2018.
I like the book about which we talked .
(2)修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。
The way (that/in which) he speaks to us is really annoying.
找出下面句子的省略部分。
Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived in, through agriculture.
(2020浙江)
直击高考
that /which
解析：“they lived in”是之前名词the world 的定语从句，先行词在从句中作宾语，故关系代词可被省略。
^
省略在考试中的使用
定从中的省略
The book that is written by J.K. Rowling is one of my favorites.
The dog barked loudly at the man who was running on the street.
My old car, which breaks down every other week，won’t last much longer.
Do you know the professor who will be invited to our school next week
He will be the toughest guy whom you must deal with.
This is exactly the time when we should do it.
Hilary Clinton, who is beautiful and intelligent, is a popular First Lady.
1. You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to.
2. I would do it for you, but I don’t know how to.
3. They didn’t visit their parents as much as they ought to.
4. He didn’t come, but he ought to have.
5. ---I thought he was a policeman.
---He used to be.
Can you understand the following sentences
3. 不定式的省略
1. You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to.
2. I would do it for you, but I don’t know how to.
3. They didn’t visit their parents as much as they ought to.
4. He didn’t come, but he ought to have.
5. ---I thought he was a policeman.
---He used to be.
Can you understand the following sentences
Rule1: 省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形的have或be。
不定式的省略
(1) We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom.
→ She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.
(2) My mom always makes me do something I dislike.
→ I am always made to do something I dislike.
Active sentence
Passive sentence
Rule2: 某些使役动词，如make, let, have等和感官动词，如see, watch, notice, observe, hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。
3. 不定式的省略---被动语态中to的还原
(1) He likes to swim more than (to) skate.
(2) He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.
这两句中，两对不定式之间是甚么关系呢？
并列还是对比？
并列
对比
Rule3: 并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。
(1) All he could do was nothing but (to) wait and see.
(2) You can do nothing but (to) study all day long.
(3) I have no other choice but to wait.
(4) What I want to do is (to) take two days off.
山重水复疑无路，make后面不加to
春色满园关不住，前面有do后没to
Rule4:
1. 介词but, except (除了) 前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to;
2. 用is连接，不定式做表语时前面主语有do的某种形式时，后面表语to do的to省略；
(1)一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有：
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.
(2)表示时间的介词at, on和in在next/last, this/that, these/those, yesterday, tomorrow, one, any, every/each, some等词之前时，一般省略。
We go to school (on) every day except Sundays.
(On) the next morning, the young man went back to the company.
4. 介词的省略
使用so, not等时的省略
在英语中，可以用so, not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
—Can you finish your work today
—I think so.
—I don’t think so. / I think not.
注意：
hope, guess, be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not ... so的形式。
—The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they
—I guess not. / I don’t guess so.
其他省略形式
Many westerners who come to China cook much less ________ in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. (2018浙江, 语法填空)
China’s approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. (2018全国II, 语法填空)
“Well, I don’t know you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,” replied Dennis before _______ (ask) which room the new parents were in. (2018全国III, 完形填空)
When _____________ (combine) with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. (2018全国II, 阅读理解B)
Freddy was an average student, ________ not an average person. (2017全国II, 完形填空)
The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when _______ (tap) early, are employed ever after in life and work. (2019全国I, 阅读理解D)
“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am _______ my dogs,” says Ehlers. (2019全国II, 完形填空)
One group was asked to seek out an interaction with its waiter; the other, ____________ (speak) only when necessary. (2018全国II, 阅读理解D)
than
feeding
asking
combined
but
tapped
to
to speak
Step 4 Practice
B1: Find the mistakes and rewrite the sentences using ellipsis.
1. I cannot watch the documentary this weekend, though I would like.
We cannot leave out to in infinitives when using ellipsis.
I cannot watch the documentary this weekend, though I would like to (watch it).
2. Cows live on land, and fish the water.
Different prepositions are used and they can’t be left out.
Cows live on land, and fish (live) in the water.
3. The Amazon rainforest is smaller now than was 50 years ago.
When using ellipsis in clauses with the same pattern, the subject and the verb should be left out altogether.
The Amazon rainforest is smaller now than (it was) 50 years ago.
4. He had planned to borrow a book on environmental protection, but he didn’t do.
When using ellipsis in compound sentences, the part behind the auxiliary verb should be left out altogether.
He had planned to borrow a book on environmental protection, but he didn’t (do that).
5. When taking photos of wildlife, every effort should be made to ensure that we keep away from the animals.
When using ellipsis in adverbial clauses (状从), we need to make sure that the subject of the main clause is the same as the subject of the subordinate clause (从句).
When (we are) taking photos of wildlife, we should make every effort to ensure that we keep away from the animals.
My body couldn’t help/resist trembling and shouted out, “Thank Godness, you came back home safe and sound.”
After calming down, a strange woman came into my sight.
B2: Jack is sharing with his classmates his experience of taking part in a forest clean-up activity. Use ellipsis where necessary. Put brackets around the word(s) that can be left out.
Group work
P58
1. 当广播设备被修好后，我们就可以尽早重新安排这场访谈。
2. 当博物馆竣工后，它将于明年向公众开放。(complete)
3. 如果方便的话，请尽快回复我。
4. 如果可能的话，你也应该走出舒适区去尝试更多新鲜事物。
5. 期待越高，失望越大。
6. 除非被邀请，不然他不会跟我们一起去的。
7. 无论何时有空，Tara总是去图书馆学习。
8. 当他小的时候，他总是乐于助人。(be ready to ...)
9. 正当Rose在和Jack讲话时，她听到了靠近的脚步声。approach
10. 她看起来很焦虑，好像遇到了麻烦。(in trouble)
1. 当广播设备被修好后，我们就可以尽早重新安排这场访谈。
When the broadcasting equipment is repaired, we can reschedule the interview ASAP.
2. 当博物馆竣工后，它将于明年向公众开放。
When the museum is completed, it will be open to the public next year.
3. 如果方便的话，请尽快回复我。
If it is convenient, please reply to me ASAP.
4. 如果可能的话，你也应该走出舒适区去尝试更多新鲜事物。
If it is possible, you should also get out of your comfort zone to try more new things.
5. 期待越高，失望越大。
The higher the expectation is, the greater the disappointment is.
6. 除非被邀请，不然他不会跟我们一起去的。
Unless he is invited, he won’t go with us.
7. 无论何时有空，Tara总是去图书馆学习。
Whenever Tara is free, she always goes to library for learning.
8. 当他小的时候，他总是乐于助人。(be ready to ...)
When he was young, he was always ready to help others.
9. 正当Rose在和Jack讲话时，她听到了靠近的脚步声。
When Rose was talking with Jack, she heard footsteps approaching.
10. 她看起来很焦虑，好像遇到了麻烦。
She looked very anxious as if she was in trouble.