Unit 3 The world online Grammar and usage 课件（共49张）- 高中英语 译林版 必修第三册

(共49张PPT)
Unit 3 The world online
Grammar & Usage
Verb-ing forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements
II. V-ing形式作定语
III. V-ing形式作状语
IV. V-ing形式作宾补
①单个动词-ing形式作定语
②动词-ing短语作定语,与被修饰的词有逻辑上的主动关系，相当于一个定语从句。
① 时间状语
② 原因状语
③ 条件状语
④ 结果状语
⑤ 方式、伴随状语
①表感觉和心理状态的感官动词
see/hear/feel/smell…+sb +doing sth.
②使役动词“使，让” have/let/keep…+sb/sth + doing sth. ③特殊动词 ④ with
I. V-ing形式作表语
V-ing form:
Dancing on the stage is my sister.
Seeing is believing.
The girl playing the violin is my daughter.
I like sitting on the sofa and eating snacks.
Seeing the girl, his face turns red.
I saw a man walking on the roof.
subject
subject
predictive
attributive
object
adverbial
object complement
I. V-ing形式作定语
①单个动词-ing形式作定语
②动词-ing短语作定语,与被修饰的词有逻辑上的主动关系，相当于一个定语从句。
a ___________ girl
=a girl that is dancing
dancing
a __________ boy=a boy who is sleeping
sleeping
the______ sun = the sun that is rising
rising
the professor______________
= the professor who is giving a lecture
giving a lecture
the boy________________
=the boy who is brushing his teeth
brushing his teeth
1.单个的现在分词作定语,放在被修饰词的______,
现在分词短语则放在被修饰词的______。
2.现在分词作定语，表示_______和_______的意思
表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
小结：
前面
后面
主动
进行
a dancing girl
a sleeping boy
the rising sun
the professor giving a lecture
the boy brushing his teeth
3.现在分词作定语，可改为__________，从句时态视情况而定。
定语从句
若修饰不定代词, 放在后面。
I think there is nothing interesting.
the running water
the reading room
The fly swimming in the soup seems quite content with the soup.
The customer sitting at the table is very angry.
= The customer who is sitting at the table is very angry.
V-ing used as attribute（定语）
单个动词的-ing形式作定语，位于被修饰名词的前面。
-ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰名词之后, 并且相当于一个定语从句。
1. _________ (bark) dogs seldom bite.
2. The wolf spoke in a ____________ voice and Mr.
Dongguo felt____________. (frighten)
3. It’s pleasure to watch the face of a ________ (sleep) baby.
4. The _________ (shake) buildings showed us that an
earthquake was coming.
Barking
frightening
frightened
sleeping
shaking
Exercise
5. He rushed into the ________ (burn) house.
6. The child _________ (stand) over there is my brother.
7. The room _________ (face) south is our classroom.
8. The man, ________ (talk) to the teacher, is our monitor's father.
9. Success makes sense to you only when you choose something ___________ (challenge).
burning
challenging
standing
facing
talking
II. V-ing形式作状语
① 时间状语
② 原因状语
③ 条件状语
④ 结果状语
⑤ 让步、方式、伴随状语
可转化成相对应的状语从句 或 在V-ing前面加相应连词
用法
注意事项
时态
语态
否定式
独立主格
评注性状语
ing形式作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系，常常用来表示原因，时间，方式，结果，条件，伴随状况等。ing形式一般不作目的状语（通常用________作目的状语）。
V-ing used as adverbial（状语）
to do
________ill, he stays at home.
Because he is ill, he stays at home.
1.原因状语
Being
_________ his mother, the baby bursts into laughter.
When he sees his mother, the baby bursts into
laughter.
2.时间状语
Seeing
_______ ________, you will succeed.
Working hard
3.条件状语
If you work hard, you will succeed.
Other types of waste flow into water and then they kill river and sea life.
4.结果状语
Other types of waste flow into water,
_______ river and sea life.
killing
They sit on the sofa and watch TV.
5.伴随状语
They sit on the sofa, ________TV.
watching
6.表示方式
通过自己的努力, 我们克服了所有的困难。
By relying on our own efforts, we overcame all the
difficulties.
Relying on our own efforts, we overcame all the
difficulties.
　　1.现在分词作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与______一致,构成____关系，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况。
主句的主语
主动
小结：
　　2.当分词充当状语时相当于一个_______根据它在句中的功能可以加上相应的引导词；没有引导词时，根据意思判断从句类型。
状语从句
注意:
1)动词-ing形式用作状语时,可以在前面加连词。如:
While watching TV, Grandpa fell asleep.
Though living near the cinema, I seldom go there.
2)动词-ing形式用作状语时，有完成式和被动式。如:
Having worked for over 30 years, Mr Wang retired last month.
Having been raised on a farm, Tim knows a lot about farm animals.
3)动词-ing形式用作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。如:
Being tired, John had a rest. (正确)
Being tired, I asked John to have a rest. (错误)
　语态 时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般式
完成式
(not) doing
(not) being done
(not) having done
(not) having been done
动词-ing 形式的被动式分一般式和完成式
　　1. 一般式：表示这个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时发生。
　　2. 完成式：强调这个被动的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前完成。
他不知道这件事，所以没来。
_______________ (know) this, he didn’t come.
因为没有做好充足的准备，我们把运动会延期了。
________________ (make) full preparations, we put off the sports meeting.
Not knowing
Not having made
Exercise
独立主格结构
动词ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己的独立主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间，原因或条件。
那些树非常高，其中一些测量为90多米。
The trees are extremely tall, some over 90 meters.
由于天气好，我们去散步了。
The weather , we went out for a walk.
being fine
measuring
一般来说
从……判断
从全盘考虑
e.g.从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。
动词 ing形式作评注性状语
有些动词 ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度，观点等。
generally speaking
judging by/from ...
taking everything into consideration
Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad.
1. Standing by the window, I saw a beautiful flower.
2. Being poor, she couldn't afford it.
3. He sat in the sofa reading a book.
4. Using the new tool, you will finish the task quickly.
5. His father died, leaving the family even worse off.
6. Studying hard, he didn't pass the exam.
7. He earns a living driving a taxi.
动词-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。
时间
原因
结果
伴随
条件
让步
方式
想一想，怎么变？
1. Standing by the window, I saw a beautiful flower.
2. Being poor, she couldn't afford it.
3. He sat in the sofa reading a book.
4. Using the new tool, you will finish the task quickly.
5. His father died, leaving the family even worse off.
6. Studying hard, he didn't pass the exam.
7. He earns a living driving a taxi.
动词-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。
时间
原因
结果
伴随
条件
让步
方式
想一想，怎么变？
When I stood
Because she was poor
and read
If you use
and left
Though he studied hard
by driving
1. Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
2. Being ill, he didn’t go to school.
=As he was ill, he didn’t go to school.
3. Using your head, you will find a way.
=If you use your head, you will find a way.
4. Walking ahead, you will see a white house.
=If you walk ahead, you will see a white house.
练习：将下列句子改为含有状语从句的形式
①表感觉和心理状态的感官动词
see/hear/feel/smell…+sb +doing sth.
②使役动词“使，让”
have/let/keep…+sb/sth + doing sth.
III. V-ing形式作宾补
(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词(感官动词)，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。
1. 我感觉到有人拍了一下我的肩膀。
I felt somebody ________(pat) me on the shoulder.
2. 你能闻到烧焦的味道吗？
Can you smell anything ________(burn)？
3. 我没有注意到他正在大门口等着。
I didn’t notice him ________(wait) the gate.
V-ing形式作宾补
patting
burning
waiting
We can see the train __________.
The train is passing by.
passing by
When an earthquake happens, the earth is moving.
People can feel the earth _______.
moving
(2)表示指使意义的动词(使役动词)，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。
1. 我不愿意让你一直做那件事。
I won’t have you ________(do) that.
2. 对不起，让你一直等了那么久。
I’m sorry to have kept you ________(wait).
3. 我不能让钟表再运行了。
I can’t get the clock ________(go) again.
V-ing形式作宾补
doing
waiting
going
Yue Yunpeng can always have people
___________(laugh) all the time in his performance.
laughing
小结
1. 现在分词作宾补时常放在宾语后，与_____构成逻辑上的主谓关系，表示_________、_____的动作
2. 以现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词：look at, see, watch, notice, observe, have, keep, leave, hear, listen to, find, feel等
3. 现在分词用于_______ 复合结构中作宾补
宾语
“五看，三室（使），两厅（听），一感觉，一发现”
正在进行
主动
see the train passing by
feel the earth moving
have people laughing
with
A Exploring the rules
JustDance is a website belonging to all dance lovers. Fiona Lin, the lady running the website, had the idea after she watched her daughter dancing two years ago. It occurred to her that dance had a very positive effect on her daughter. "My daughter just loved her ballet classes. She always found dance relaxing after a long day atschool," she said. Fiona wanted to introduce more people to dance, so she set upTustDance. Over 300 users joined in the first month. Taking advantage of the site's great start, Fiona decided to add more content.
Now users can find whatever they are interested in on the website-introductions to various styles of dancing, tips for dancing and videos on how to dance. The website welcomes inspiring stories from dance lovers about how they started dancing and how dance has changed their lives. There is also a forum where users can discuss all sorts of topics on dancing.More than10,000 users visit JustDance on a regular basis. Having achieved such success, Fiona hopes to attract more users through other forms of new media. For example, she has requested a tecnnical team to develop an app so as to satisfy different users’ needs.
Verb-ing forms as attributives a website belonging to all dance lovers
Verb-ing forms as adverbials Taking advantage of the site’s great start
Verb-ing forms as object complements She watched her daughter dancing
the lady running the website, .....
Having achieved such success
She always found dance relaxing
A
Functions of the verb-ing forms
Read and explore
The website welcomes inspiring stories
Exploring the rules
The verb-ing form can be used like an adjective or an adverb, indicating a(n) (1) _______ (active/passive) meaning.
When the verb–ing form is used as an attributive, it often comes (2) ______ (before/after) the noun, but the verb-ing phrase used as an attributive is usually put (3) ______(before/after) the noun.
When used as an adverbial, the verb-ing form can express time, reason, purpose, result or condition.
The verb-ing form can also be used as an object complement.
active
before
after
Working out the rules
A
1. It rained heavily for several days, ________ (cause) severe floods in the country.
2. Suddenly Mike saw a huge horse _________ (run) towards him and was frightened to scream.
3. The issue _______________ (talk about) in their family now is very important to them.
4. Mary wrote a letter to her parents, _____________(say) she missed them and was studying hard.
causing
running
being talked about
saying
Consolidation
object complement
attributive
adverbial
attributive
5. They found a dying old woman ______ (lie) on the ground when the door was broken open.
6. __________________ (not receive) a reply, he decided to send them another email.
7. After he was elected president of the company, he made an _____________ (inspire) speech.
8. ______________(work) as a volunteer teacher in Tibet for a year, Linda becomes more experienced.
9. There are so many troublesome problems ____________ (remain) to be solved.
lying
Not having received
inspiring
Having worked
remaining
adverbial
adverbial
attributive
attributive
object complement
1. As the hotel manager, I really enjoy _________(read) customer's feedback.
2. Yulan magnolia _________(signal) honesty is the city flower of Shanghai.
3. _________(drive) home, Simon noticed a car _________ (follow) him.
4. __________________(notice) each other, the two cars bumped.
5. _________(go) abroad is my dream.
6. This _________(amaze) app can recommend a few haircuts to you according to the photo of your face.
7. She was heard ________(sing) in the gym then.
reading
signalling
Driving
following
Not noticing
Going
amazing
singing
Applying the rules p35
B1
1. I saw that Jess was doing research online in the
computer room.
I saw _______________________ in the computer room.
2. Anybody who goes online should be careful about their
personal information.
____________________ should be careful about their
personal information.
3. When he heard the news, he jumped for joy.
_________________, he jumped for joy.
4. After I searched the Internet for information, I started
writing my article.
_______________________________________, I started
writing my article.
Jess doing research online
Anybody going online
Hearing the news
Having searched the Internet for information
B2
amaze cut have run use think
Anna: Jen, I love your new haircut. It looks great!
Jen: Thanks! I chose it online. I was always worried about picking a wrong style. That got me (1) __________- what if someone could choose it for me
Anna: What do you mean
Jen: I found this (2) ________ app. If you upload a photo of your face, it'll recommend a few haircuts to you.
Anna: Sounds super, but what if I don't like the recommended haircuts
Jen: In that case, you can choose different styles from hundreds of hairstyles and try them out. You can also share pictures of your chosen haircuts on social media and let your friends choose one for you!
Anna: Cool! What did the person (3) ________ your hair think about the app
Jen: She said it would make her job easier. (4) _________ apps like this, people are more likely to find satisfactory haircuts.
Anna: I agree. (5) ___________ a few bad haircuts myself, I'm always a little nervous about having a new haircut. I'll download it and get it (6) ___________.
thinking
amazing
cutting
Using
Having had
running
1. 动词-ing形式作定语：
① 单个动词-ing形式作定语，常置于被修饰词
_______。
② 动词-ing形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰词
______，相当于一个_________，也可以用作
非限制定语，相当于一个________________。
③ 动词-ing形式作定语，有______形式。
之前
之后
定语从句
非限制性定语从句
被动
2. 动词-ing形式作状语：
动词-ing形式可用作状语，可以表示_____、_____、_____、_____、_____、_____、 _______等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。
时间
原因
结果
条件
让步
方式
伴随状况
3. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语：
① 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在_____ 后面。
② 当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补
足语的动词-ing形式便转换为_________。
③ 能用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词：
表示_____、_________和指使意义的。
宾语
主语补足语
感观
心理状态
Homework
Review what we have learned today;
Complete the grammar part in the exercise book.