Unit 4 Extended reading — Project词汇讲解课件（共51张，内嵌视频） 高中英语 译林版 必修第三册

(共51张PPT)
单
词
课
堂
版本：新译林
单元：必修三 Unit 4 (Extended reading — Project)
本单元词汇梳理
1. involve：in- (进入、使) + -volve (卷入)，词源义和基本义是“使卷入”
词块：involve doing sth, involve sb / oneself in (doing) sth
派生词：involved, involvement
2. credit：cred (to trust 信任) + -it (名词后缀) → 信任
一词多义，基本义为“信任”；熟词生义“学分”
词块：credit card
3. moral：词块：moral standards；派生词：morally, immoral
4. apply：一词多义：基本义“一物用在另一物上 (use)”
词块：apply for a job, apply to university, apply to sb, apply sunscreen, apply oneself to
词族：apply, applicant, application
5. mystery：抽象名词具体化：意为“神秘的事物”时是可数名词
派生词：mysterious
6. ignorance：ignorance：i- (in- 不) + gnor (to know) + -ance (名词后缀)
→ 不知道 → 无知
7. freedom：free (adj 自由的) + -dom (表示状况或状态)
8. authority：author (n 作者) + -ity (名词后缀)
一词多义：基本义“权威”
词块：an authority on, in authority, the authorities
9. permit：permit：per- (through 完全、始终) + mit (let go / send 放出、送出) → 完全放出 → 许可
permit与allow用法一样，比allow正式；派生词：permission
10. responsibility：responsible + -ity
词块：take / have responsibility for = be responsible for, accept / shoulder responsibility, it’s one’s responsibility to do sth
11. declare：de- (表示强调) + clare (to clarify 澄清；阐明) → 说清楚；讲明白 → 宣布；声称
派生词：declaration
12. nationality：national (adj 国家的 ) + -ity (名词后缀)
词族：nation, national, nationality, international
13. put forward：一词多义，基本义“把……提前”
14. evolution：evolve (v 进化) + -ion
15. publish：词源同 public，词源义为“make publicly known” → 使 (作品等) 公开化 → 出版、发表
派生词：publisher, publishing
16. marriage：marry — marriage
involve
credit
declare
重难点词
精讲
apply
responsibility
authority
一词多义
英语释义
一词多义
一词多义
熟词生义
搭配义
英语释义
publish
一词多义
词根词缀
permit
英语释义
搭配义
本杰明·富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin,
1706 — 1790），美国政治家, 美国独立战争时期重要的领导人之一。同时他也是一位物理学家，发明了避
雷针，最早提
出电荷守恒定律。
这是一句教育名言，有人说它出自本杰明 富兰克林，更多的人认为它是一句荀子经典语录的英文版。你能把这个句子翻译成中文吗？
荀子
involve
不闻不如闻之，闻之不如见之，见之不如知之，知之不如行之；学至于行之而止矣。行之，明也。
——《荀子·儒效》
involve vt
包含；需要 to make sth necessary in an activity or situation：
involve (doing) sth:
A crosstalk performance involves talking, imitating, singing and telling jokes.
The work of a teacher involves love and devotion. 2010 上海改
词源解读：
involve：in- (进入、使) + -volve (卷入)，词源义和基本义是“使卷入”
同义异构：include
涉及；影响 to affect or be related to sb / sth：
If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their positions. 2009 上海
How many vehicles were involved in the crash
使参加 to make sb take part in sth：
involve sb / oneself (in sth):
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 2014 福建
同义异构：affect, influence
同义异构：take part in / participate in
involved adj 参与的；投入的：
be / get involved (in / with):
Whatever you do, don’t be a bystander. Get involved. 2016 四川
Children can get a lot out of being involved in volunteer work.
Fathers are encouraged to be more involved with their children.
involvement n [U] 参与
【词汇拓展】
同义词：participation
involve 语义网络图
包含
需要
“使卷入” 因而包含
涉及；影响
“使（人）卷入” 某项活动
使参加
“使卷入” 因而是必要组成部分
“使卷入”因而与之有关联
involve
使卷入
credit card在我们的生活中处处可见，你知道TA的故事来源吗？
credit
credit
credit
据说第一张信用卡 (credit card) 是由就餐者俱乐部 (Diners Club)发行的，这张卡的发明者是该俱乐部的创始人——弗兰克 麦克纳马拉 (Frank McNamara)。有一次弗兰克请客吃饭，却偏偏忘了带钱夹，付账时尴尬万分。通达的老板解围说：“我知道你信誉 (credit) 一向非常好，下次来一起付吧。”
这起意外使弗兰克得到了启发，他和朋友施耐德 (Ralph Schneider)合作，在纽约创办了“就餐者俱乐部”，为200名会员发放一张证明身份和支付能力的卡片，他们凭卡片可以在纽约27家饭店用餐而不需带现金 (cash) ，到时只要和就餐者俱乐部一次清账就可以了。信用卡就是一种信贷 (credit) 。
[U] 信用；信誉：
gain / lose credit
It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit. 2016 浙江
[U] 赊账；信贷：
It doesn’t matter whether you pay in cash or by credit card in this store. 2012 山东改
Most new cars are bought on credit.
credit R3 n
credit 来自词根cred (to believe, trust 相信、信任)， 基本义为“信任”
[C] & [U] 存款额：
I’ll put a 300-dollar credit on your account. 2010 北京
[U] 赞扬；功劳 praise or approval that you give to
sb for sth they have done well：
I can’t take all the credit for the show’s success — it was a team effort.
They never give me any credit for all the extra work I do.
[C] 学分：
I don’t have enough credits to graduate.
to sb’s credit 为某人增光；值得赞扬：
To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas, but they still have very different institutions.
同义异构：praise
[不用于进行时] 认为是……的功劳；把……归功于：
The company is credited with inventing the industrial robot.
Much of the team’s success can be credited to their manager.
credit v
信任
（基本义）
credit
学分
基于“信任”的延期付款
被“信任”能还款的状态
赞扬；功劳
做出成绩被“信任”
credit语义网络图
被“信任”的学业成绩
基于“信任”的存款
存款额
赊账；信贷
信用；信誉
认为是……的功劳；把……归功于
n
v
apply
词源义：bring things in contact with one another，使事物接触彼此，即“一物用在另一物上”(to use)。
vt 涂；敷：
Apply the sunscreen / cream / lotion evenly to your face and neck.
vt 努力；使专注于：
Recently, he has applied himself to his studies.
乳液等用于皮肤
vt 手压；脚踩：
apply the brakes
He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the
wounds.
手脚等用于某物上
将精力等长期用于某事
vi 申请 to make a formal request, usually in writing：
① apply for sth:
apply for a job / passport / visa
I am writing to apply for the post of volunteer for our school English association. 2018 浙江书面表达
② apply to sb / sth (for sth):
apply to a company / university
③ apply to do sth:
He applied to study composition with the well-known musician. 2013 山东
将才能等用于工作 / 任务
vi & vt [不用于进行时] (对……) 适用；(对……) 有效：
If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her. 2014 山东
vt 运用；应用；使用：
We plan to apply what we will learn in class to our future professions and to our lives. 2018 全国改
将知识、技术等用于某领域
将抽象事物用于某人或某情景
一物用在另一物上
（基本义）
apply
手压；脚踩
乳液等用于皮肤
将知识、技术等用于某领域
将抽象事物用于某人或某情景
努力；使专注于
将精力等长期用于某事
apply语义网络图
手脚等用于某物上
将才能等用于工作 / 任务
（对……）适用 / 有效
申请
涂；敷
运用；应用；使用
【拓展】
同族词 apply, applicant, application
applicant n [C] 申请人；应征者：
successful applicants
【温故】application n [C] & [U]
申请；申请书；申请表：
应用；运用；[缩略为app] 应用程序：
make practical application of new technology to teaching
This is a new invention that will have a wide range of applications in industry.
a job application
accept / reject sb’s application
fill in / out an application (form)
同义异构：use
authority词源解读
在古欧洲，能解决争端的书或文章等都是有权威的，而能写出这些书籍和文章的人即作者也都是很有权威的人。在历史发展过程中，由“有权威的篇章”这一具体的概念衍生出抽象释义“权威；权力”等。authority的各层释义都与“权威”有关，故基本义为“权威”。
author (n 作者) + -ity
authority n
[C] 权威人士；专家；泰斗 (specialist)：
He is an authority on vocabulary.
[U] 权威；权力；当权 the power to give orders to people：
Teenagers, when they grow up, begin to question their parents’ authority and wisdom.
In Singapore, rank is important and authority is respected. 2014 浙江改
Could I speak to someone in authority (= who has a position of power) here, please
[U]（正式的）许可；授权 the official right or permission to do sth：
No one may enter without my authority.
[C]［常用复数］官方；当局：
health authorities
We reported the train accident to the authorities.
外国人在中国居住和工作，需要有居留许可证
（residence permit）、就业证（employment permit）。如果你在外国留学期间工作，也需要有许可证。
residence permit 居留许可证
employment permit 就业证
permit & permission
同根词：
admit: ad- (to 去) + mit (to let go, send 放行，送) → 容许……进入
commit: com- (together 一起) + mit (to send 送) → 将人送去承担义务等 → （使）承担义务；（使）作出保证
permit 词源解读
per- (through 通过) + mit (to send 送) → 送其过去使通过 → 许可；准许
permit v [正式用语]
vt 许可；准许 to allow sth to happen or sb to do sth 反 forbid
Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. 2013 天津
① permit sb sth:
Please permit me a few words.
② permit sb to do sth:
He permitted me to retake the test, and I pulled my grade to an A.
vi & vt（使）成为可能：
I’ll pick you up at the airport if time permits.
We’ll start tomorrow, weather permitting (= if the weather is good enough).
Cash machines permit you to withdraw money at any time.
注：permit 和 allow的用法相似，permit是正式用语；指天气、时间等客观因素允许时，只能用permit。
permit n [C] 许可证；执照：
a residence / parking permit
【词汇拓展】permission n [C] 许可；准许：
ask permission
He entered the room without permission.
With your permission, I’d like to talk to your son alone.
permission to do sth:
Give yourself permission to rest when you’re tired. 2010 安徽
注意动词和名词发音不同
友谊是一种甜蜜的责任，
绝不是一种机会。
—— 纪伯伦
纪·哈·纪伯伦（Kahlil Gibran, 1883 — 1931）黎巴嫩作家、诗人、画家，阿拉伯文学的主要奠基人，20世纪阿拉伯新文学道路的开拓者之一，被称为艺术天才、黎巴嫩文坛骄子。其主要作品有《泪与笑》(A Tear and a Smile)，《先知》(The Prophet)，《沙与沫》(Sand and Foam)等，纪伯伦、鲁迅和泰戈尔是近代东方文学走向世界的先驱。
[U] & [C] 责任；职责：
shoulder (a) responsibility
The media has a moral responsibility to report news truthfully.
It is our responsibility / We have a responsibility to protect the environment.
— OK, I’ve had enough of it. I give up.
— You can’t run away from / escape your responsibilities. 2012 江苏改
[U]（对不良事件所负的）责任：
Taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity. 2010 天津
No one is willing to accept responsibility for the accident.
responsibility n
responsible + -ity
have a responsibility for (doing) sth / to do sth
accept / assume / bear / shoulder / take responsibility for sth
responsibility falls on sb
share responsibility
avoid / escape responsibility
a big / heavy / huge responsibility
full / total responsibility
collective / shared responsibility
social responsibility
a sense of responsibility
responsibility
的搭配
declare vt
宣布；声明 to say sth officially or publicly：
In September 1939, Britain declared war on Germany after Germany invaded Poland.
① declare + that 从句:
The court declared that strike action was illegal.
② declare sth / sb (to be) sth:
The area has been declared a national park.
③ declare sth + adj:
The chairman declared the ceremony open; all of us present cheered.
de- (表示强调) + clare (to clarify 澄清；阐明) → 说清楚；讲明白 → 宣布；声称
declare
声称；宣称 to state sth firmly and clearly：
He declared that he would put humans on Mars in less than a decade.
Ella declared herself (to be) happy and satisfied.
申报（纳税品等）：
If you have nothing to declare, go through the Green Channel.
declaration n [C] & [U] 声明；宣 告；宣言：
The Declaration of Independence
《独立宣言》（The Declaration of Independence）是一份于1776年7月4日由托马斯·杰斐逊起草，并由其它13个殖民地代表签署的最初声明美国从英国独立的文件。
publish v
vt 出版；发行：
The company has published all of that author’s works.
vt & vi 刊登 / 发表（作品）：
The results of his experiments were published in China in 1966.
publishing n [U] 出版（业）
publisher n [C] 出版商
publish 词源同 public，词源义为 “make publicly known” → 使（作品等）公开化 → 出版；发表
publish 词源解读
本单元的词根词缀
说出下列单词的词根词缀的汉语释义。
1. The chairman stepped onto the platform and declared the meeting open.
declare：de-（表示强调）+ clare（to clarify 澄清；___________）→ 说清楚、 讲明白 → ___________
2. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.（2016 浙江）
credit：cred（to trust）+ -it（名词后缀）→ 被 ___________ 能还款的状态 → ___________
3. Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library.（2013 天津）
permit：per-（through 完全、始终）+ mit（to let go / send 放出、送出）→ 完全___________ → ___________
说清楚
宣布
信任
信用
放出
许可 / 允许
4. He raised his glass and indicated that I should do the same.
indicate：in-（toward 向、对着）+ dic（to say 说）+ -ate（动词后缀）→ 对着人说 → __________
5. I became interested in playing football thanks to a small accident.（2019 全国）
accident：ac-（to 向、朝）+ cid（to fall ___________）+ -ent（名词后缀）→ 突然落向人的事 → _________
6. You may realise that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear and even love.
ignorance：i-（in- 不）+ gnor（to know）+ -ance（名词后缀）→ 不知道 → _________
指示 / 示意
英语单词构词法的核心部分在于词根，词根决定单词的意思。词根可以单独构成单词，也可以通过添加前缀或后缀构成新词。了解词根意思，掌握构词规律，有助于准确、高效记忆词汇。
落下
意外
无知
本单元金句汇总
1. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 2014 福建
2. Children can get a lot out of being involved in volunteer work.
3. I can’t take all the credit for the show’s success — it was a team effort.
4. I am writing to apply for the post of volunteer for our school English association. 2018 浙江书面表达
5. It is our responsibility / We have a responsibility to protect the environment.
6. Taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity. 2010 天津
7.The chairman declared the ceremony open; all of us present cheered.
随堂检测
involve
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.（2014 福建） ___________
2. Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves spending quite a lot of time with students.（2013 福建） ___________
3. “Genius” is a complicated concept（复杂的概念）, involving many different factors.（2012 上海） ___________
4. The test will involve answering questions about a photo. ___________
参加
需要
涉及
包含
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. Parents should ______________________（参与）their child’s education.
2. More than 100 people ______________________ （参与）the project.
3. I was so ______________________ （全神贯注地看书）that I didn’t hear you knock.
involve themselves in
were involved in
involved in my book
写出下列句子中credit的汉语释义。
1. Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world.（2005 广东） __________
2. Word that I was trustworthy and hard-working got around town. A local clothing store offered me credit although I was only in seventh grade. （2003 北京） __________
3. The library has lockers for students to store things. When you have got at least 40 credits, you may rent a locker.（2013 天津改） __________
4. It was hard to credit some of the stories we heard about her. __________
5. He is a great young man who is a credit to his family and to his school. __________
6. What’s the credit limit on your credit card __________
credit
赞扬
赊账
学分
信任；相信
为……增光
信用额度
汉译英。
1. 申请志愿者的工作 ________________________________
2. 将所学用于实践 ________________________________
3. 涂抹化妆品 _______________
4. 施压 / 用力 ____________________
5. Ben would do well if only he ____________________（努力）. (apply)
apply for a job as a volunteer
apply what one has learned to practice
apply make-up
apply pressure / force
applied himself
apply
6. 我的申请若能得到您的批准，我将感激不尽。（2011 重庆书面表达）_____________________________________________________
7. 这些规定对所有人都适用，包括你。
______________________________________________________
8. 我正在申请一家外企的暑期兼职工作，刚刚写完了求职信和简历。（2016 全国 书面表达改）
______________________________________________________
I would appreciate it if my application could get your approval.
The rules apply to everyone, including you.
I’m applying for a part-time job at a foreign company during the summer vacation, and I have just completed my application letter and resume.
authority
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The authorities have refused to let him enter the country.
__________
2. We need to get the support of someone in authority. __________
3. He has the authority for handling this matter. __________
4. She is one of the world’s leading authorities on fish. __________
5. I’ll give my lawyers authority to act on my behalf. __________
当局
权威
权利
专家
授权
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1. No pets except fish ____________ (permit) in student rooms.
（2015 天津）
2. The party will be held in the garden, weather __________ (permit).
（2012 全国改）
3. Passengers are permitted _______ (carry) only one piece of hand
luggage onto the plane.（2011 天津改）
4. I was the first Western TV reporter _______________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.（2016 全国）
are permitted
permitting
to carry
(to be) permitted
permit
5. — What are you going to do this weekend
— It depends. If time ___________ (permit), I may go to Shanghai
with my friends.（2012 福建）
6. Visitors wishing to leave the Castle for refreshments（点心）in the town may obtain re-entry ___________ (permit) from the castle
shops.（2010 天津）
7. You must ask ___________ (permit) if you want to leave early.
二、根据所给提示，将下列句子译成英语。
1. 大厦内禁止吸烟。(permit v)
________________________________________
2. 有了捕鱼许可证就可以去钓鱼。(permit n, allow)
________________________________________
permits
permits
Smoking is not permitted inside the building.
A fishing permit allows you to go fishing.
permission
1. 我负责安排了座位。(seating)
__________________________________________
2. 她的责任感很强。
__________________________________________
3. 保护环境是每个人的责任。
__________________________________________
根据所给提示翻译下列句子。
I took responsibility for / was responsible for the seating arrangements.
responsibility
She has a strong sense of responsibility.
It’s everyone’s responsibility to protect the environment.
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The court declared that Brown’s case should be reviewed.
___________
2. Edward declared himself angry and upset. ___________
3. You must declare all your income on this form. ___________
4. Who’s the first man to subscribe to the Declaration of Independence ___________
宣布
声称
申报
独立宣言
declare
用publish的正确形式填空。
1. The findings _____________ in the journal Developmental Science. （2020 全国）
2. In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels _____________ in Britain.（2018 浙江）
3. After two-and-a-half years of no income, just waiting and wondering, a _____________ offered me a book deal.（2012 四川）
4. During her time in _____________, she was responsible for managing and editing more than 100 successfully marketed books.（2011 福建）
publish
were published
published
publisher
publishing
谢
谢
观
赏