(共27张PPT)
B3U4 Grammar
过去分词作定、状、补语
Focus on
基本用法
V–ed forms as attributives
单个V-ed作定语，常放在被修饰词之前，V-ed短语作定语时要放在被修饰词之后。
单个V-ed作定语
a. 及物动词的-ed形式作定语, 一般兼有被动和完成的意义。
b. 不及物动词的-ed形式作定语, 有主动和完成意义。
① a grown woman 一位成年妇女
② an escaped prisoner 一名逃犯
① a broken cup 一个破杯子
② a wounded soldier 一名伤员
▲单个V-ed作定语，原则上是前置的。但有些单个的 V-ed，在习惯上或因为受到某些限制，则放在被修饰词之后。
1. He has spent all the money donated.
2. This will be the best novel of its kind written.
3. Who were the so-called guests invited
4. She always ate the food left.
1. 被修饰词前有all, every等表“全部”概念的词修饰时；
2. 被修饰词前有最高级；
3. 被修饰语过长或有其他定语；
4. 习惯上作后置定语的V-ed(如left“剩下的”)
他花光了所有捐赠的钱。
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
昨晚被邀请那些所谓的客人是谁呀
她总吃剩饭。
a. the color TV set produced last year
= the color TV set that was produced last year
去年生产的彩色电视机
2. V-ed短语作定语通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。
b. Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train.
=Some of them, who were born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train.
他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。
1. There was an ________ (excite) look on his face when the actress appeared.
2. It’s wrong for the ___________ (develop) countries to control the world.
3. I have collected the money ________ (need).
4. This is the problem _________ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday.
5. The _________ (surprise) look on his face suggested that he had not expected so.
excited
developed
needed
discussed
surprised
Let’s practice
Focus on
基本用法
V–ed forms as adverbials
The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by some students.
2. Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
1. Asked what had happened, he kept silent.
3. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
4. Left alone at home, the little boy didn't feel afraid at all.
5. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by some students.
时间
原因
条件
让步
伴随
V-ed在句中可充当时间、原因、条件、让步状语，相当于一个状语从句；
When he was asked what had happened, he kept silent.
Because he was caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
Although he was left alone at home, the little boy didn’t feel afraid at all.
V-ed在句中可充当伴随或方式状语，相当于一个并列句；
V-ed充当状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。
Change the sentences into complete ones.
1. When heated, ice will be changed into water.
2. Unless invited, I won't attend his wedding.
3. Once caught smoking in the kitchen, the cook will be fired.
When it is heated, ice will be changed into water.
Unless I am invited, I won't attend his wedding.
Once the cook is caught smoking in the kitchen, he will be fired.
V-ed作状语有时可保留连词，构成“ 连词+V-ed ”结构，即:while, when, once, as, though, unless, if 等连词)+V-ed。
1. Given that it's raining, we should bring an umbrella.
2. I will agree to go, providing/provided that my expenses are paid.
考虑到在下雨，我们应该带把伞。
如果帮我支付费用，我就同意去。
动词-ed用于某些独立结构中，表示说话人的态度、观点等，形式不受影响，如：given that(考虑到); providing/provided that(如果)等等
1. __________ (compare) Shanghai with Xi'an, we found Shanghai is larger.
2. _________ (compare) with Xi'an, Shanghai is larger.
3. ______ (lose) himself in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
4. ____ (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
Comparing
Losing
Lost
Compared
Let’s practice
Focus on
基本用法
V–ed forms as object
complements
V-ed作宾语补足语表示
被动或完成的意义。
V-ed与宾语之间存在逻
辑上的动宾关系。
1. 感官动词如：watch, observe, see, notice, hear, listen to, feel, find等。
① When we got to school, we saw the door locked.
② He found his house broken into when he got back home.
V-ed作宾语补足语常用于以下几种情况：
当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。
回到家他发现家被盗。
① You'd better keep the guests seated.
② We're having our car repaired.
③ I'm trying to get this article finished for Thursday.
④ She had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music.
2. 使役动词，如：have, let, make, get, keep, leave等。
3. 在with的复合结构中也可用V-ed作宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
① The murderer was brought in, with his
hands tied behind his back.
② With water heated, we can see the steam.
③ With the matter settled, we all went home.
凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)
水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件)
事情得到解决，我们都回家了。(表原因)
在with的复合结构中也可用V-ing 和 to do作宾语补足语。
① Without anyone ________ (notice) me, I stole into the room.
② With a lot of difficult problems ________ (sdettle), he can’t get home early.
没有人注意到我,我偷偷溜进了房间。
有很多难题要解决，他无法早点到家。
noticing
to settle
Finish the exercises (P49)
B1
The highly praised scientist won an award.
The experiment mentioned in your article is interesting.
Treated with the new medicine, the patients soon recovered.
The scientist found the equipment in the laboratory destroyed.
Once finished, this report will be very useful for future research.
B2
interesting
Knowing
tied
Conducted
accepted
arguing
选择正确的单词形式填空：
1. Watching the __________ (finishing/finished) painting, Alice couldn't help smiling.
2. Most of the artists __________ (inviting/invited) to the party were from South Africa.
3. The __________ (surprising/surprised) look on her face suggested that she hadn't known the news before.
4. There are many ________ (fallen / falling) leaves on the street.
5. The speaker raised her voice but still couldn't make herself _______ (hear).
6. __________ (frighten) by the noise outside, Sue dared not sleep in her bedroom.
finished
invited
surprised
fallen
heard
Frightened
用正确的非谓语动词形式填空
1.Tom is the only one _________ (know) the truth.
2.The food _____________ (cook) at the moment is for the coming party.
3. ______ ( face) with such a difficult task, we must redouble our efforts.
4.He hurried to the station, only _____________ (inform) that the train had left.
5.Not seeing or hearing any fire engines ___________ (approach), Grant rushed to a side entrance and ran up the stairs.
6.My computer broke down this morning, and I will get it ________ (repair) as soon as possible.
to be informed
repaired
Faced
being cooked
approaching
to know
Language points
surround (vt.)围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关
e.g.: ①Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new ____________ (surround).
②___________(surround) by his family, the celebrated singer smiled brightly.
③这个湖被绿树环绕，非常漂亮。
(1)surround…with… 用…包围/围绕…
be surrounded by/with… 被…包围/环绕
(2)surrounding (adj.)周围的;附近的
(3)surroundings (n.)环境
The lake, which is surrounded by green trees, is very beautiful.
(定语从句)
(动词-ed形式作状语)
(独立主格结构)
(表语前置引起完全倒装)
Surrounded by green trees, the lake is very beautiful.
Green trees surrounding the lake, the lake is very beautiful.
Surrounding the beautiful lake are green trees.
surroundings
Surrounded
favour (vt.)较喜欢;偏袒;有助于 (n.)帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒
e.g.: ①I’m writing this letter to ask you a favour with my coming interview.
②We sincerely hope you can do us a favour and guide us how to adapt a story.
③The new law was passed in favour of protecting the rights of consumers.
④The programme has lost favour with viewers recently.
⑤These are the running shoes ________ (favour)by marathon runners.
(1)ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb 请某人帮忙
do sb a favour＝give sb a hand 帮某人忙
in favour of 同意;支持;赞成
in one’s favour 有利于某人;对某人有利
in favour 受欢迎;得宠
lose favour 不受欢迎;失宠
(2)favourable (adj.)赞同的;有利的;给人好印象的
(3)favourite (adj.)最喜爱的
favoured
charge (v.)充电;收费;控告;使…承担责任 (n.)收费;控告;谴责;掌管
e.g.: ①Before use, the battery must be charged.
②The traffic policeman charged the driver _____ speeding and fined him $50.
③As long as you’ve paid in advance,we won’t charge you ___ delivery.
④We have a swimming pool, which is open all day and free of charge.
⑤The company is in the charge of Tom while the boss is away.
(1)charge sb…for sth 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb with (doing) sth 控告某人(做)某事
(2)take charge of 掌管/负责…
in charge of 控制/管理…
in the charge of 受…的管理;由…负责
free of charge＝for free 免费
with
for
go off 发生;离开;熄灭;发出巨响;爆炸
e.g.: ①She went off to get a drink.
②The bomb went off in a crowded street.
③The meeting went off well.
④Suddenly the lights went off.
⑤He heard the alarm go off.
with a bang 很成功;引人注目
e.g.: ①The party went with a bang.
②She slammed the door with a bang.
③He banged on the door angrily.
④Don’t bang the door when you go out!
bang (n.)突然的巨响;猛击 (v.)猛敲;砰地关上
1.surround (vt.)围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关
(1)surround…with… 用…包围/围绕… be surrounded by/with… 被…包围/环绕
(2)surrounding (adj.)周围的;附近的 (3)surroundings (n.)环境
2.favour (vt.)较喜欢;偏袒;有助于 (n.)帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒
(1)ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb 请某人帮忙
do sb a favour＝give sb a hand 帮某人忙
in favour of 同意;支持;赞成 in one’s favour 有利于某人;对某人有利
in favour 受欢迎;得宠 lose favour 不受欢迎;失宠
(2)favourable (adj.)赞同的;有利的;给人好印象的 (3)favourite (adj.)最喜爱的
3.charge (v.)充电;收费;控告;使…承担责任 (n.)收费;控告;谴责;掌管
(1)charge sb…for sth 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb with (doing) sth 控告某人(做)某事
(2)take charge of 掌管/负责… in charge of 控制/管理…
in the charge of 受…的管理;由…负责 free of charge＝for free 免费
4.go off 发生;离开;熄灭;发出巨响;爆炸
5.with a bang 很成功;引人注目 bang (n.)突然的巨响;猛击 (v.)猛敲;砰地关上
